Chapter 1: General Character of the Society 1

2. Historical Setting 9
Early History--Turkish Rule--The Rise of Nationalism
--Liberation and Its Aftermath--World War I--The
Interwar Years--World War II--The Communist State

3. Physical Environment and Population 37
Natural Features--Boundaries and Political
Subdivisions--Settlement Patterns--Population--
Transportation

4. Social System 65
Ethnic and Religious Composition--The Family--Social
Stratification--Other Social Groups

5. Living Conditions 79
Health--Personal Income and Expenditures--Housing--
Social Benefits--Work and Leisure

6. Education 93
History of Education--Communist Educational Policies
--Educational Reforms--Literacy--The Educational
System--Teacher Training--Other Education

7. Artistic and Intellectual Expression 123
The Arts and Sciences under Communism--Literature--
Theater--Films--Music--Folk Arts--Painting and
Sculpture--Architecture --Scholarship and Science