Chapter CLXXXV: Appendix (2)

Κορυδὸς, lark, Alauda cristata, A. arborea, A. arvensis, (though
Schneider thinks this identification doubtful), its nest, 146, 249;
hybernates, 215;
hostile to the pœcilis, 232;
is said to eat the eggs of the eagle, 233;
friendly to the schœnilus, 234;
perches on the ground, 242, 245;
two kinds, 249.

Κορώνη, Corvus corone, 45;
feeds its young after they are fledged, 146;
incubation, 147;
lives near the sea, 203;
Egyptian, 226;
foe to the owl, presbys, and typanus, 232;
friend of the heron, 234;
always to be seen, 248.

Κότινος, the wild olive tree, Eleagnus angustifolia, used as food for
sheep (accidentally omitted in the translation), 208.

Κόττος, see κοῖτος. Cottus Gobio, 92.

Κόττυφος, blackbird, Turdus merula, _Strack_, but apparently not
always, Turdus merula, and T. saxatilis, hybernate, 215;
changes its colour, 228;
nest, 245;
two kinds, black and white, 247;
changes its plumage and voice in the winter, 276.

Κόττυφος, a sea-bird, 110, 214.

Κόττυφος, a fish, 228.
Labrus Merula.

Κόχλιας, snail, Helix, several kinds, 73, 81;
land-snails, 83;
when full of ova, 110;
die when the shell is taken off, 136;
form an operculum when they hybernate, 213;
eaten by swine and partridges, 255.

Κόχλος, Fresh-water univalve shells, Limnæa, Planorbis, 81, 83, 84, 86.

Κραγγὼν, prawn, Cancer digitalis (Squilla mantis), _Strack_, Penæus
sulcatus, 77.

Κράμβη, cabbage or colewort, Brassica, 124, 126.

Κραμβὶς, caterpillars of the cabbage butterfly, Papilio Danais
Brassicæ, 125.

Κράστις, green fodder for horses, 207.

Κρὲξ, Trigna pugnax, hostile to the celeus, 233;
its habits, 247.

Κριθή, barley, 206.

Κριὸς, Ovis aries, ram, breeding season, 114, 161, 199.

Κροκόδειλος, the Land crocodile, Lacerta stellio, Monitor
terrestris, 25, 34;
both kinds mentioned, 43, 46;
reproduction, 137;
brought up in Egypt, 231;
Herodotus, Book 4, c. 192.

Κροκόδειλος, the Egyptian crocodile. Crocodilus Niloticus, 2, 14;
in Egypt, 33, 59;
reproduction, 137;
hybernates, 72.

Κρότων, Ricinus, tick, or dog-louse, Hippobosca ovina, 135;
Acarus ricinus, 125.

Κτεὶς, Pecten, 82, 84.
A large kind, which has one valve flat, Pecten maximus, 84, 94, 95;
origin, 117;
small crustaceans in them, _ib._;
hybernate, 213;
red pectens, 220;
leap, 256.

Κύαμοι, beans, Vicia faba, 72, 206.

Κύανος, Turdus Cyaneus, blue thrush, 248.

Κύγχραμος or κύχραμος, Corncrake, Rallus Crex, _Strack_, probably a
species of ortolan, _Lindell and Scott_. Leads the flight of the
quails, 210.

Κύκνος, swan, Cycnus olor, 4, 45;[231]
food, 203;
gregarious, 211;
fights with the eagle, 233;
habits, 244;
when dying they go towards the sea, _ib._

[231] Accidentally omitted in a list of birds in the translation.

Κύλλαρος or σκύλλαρος, hermit crab, Pagurus, 85.

Κύμινδις, the Ionic name of the χαλκὶς, Stryx Nisoria, 244, 251.

Κυνακάνθη, perhaps the dog-rose, worms in it, 126.
Rosa canina.

Κυνοκέφαλος, dog-headed ape, Simia Cynocephalus, 32.
S. Porcaria.

Κυνοῤῥαϊστής, dog-ticks, Ricinus canis, 135.

Κυπρῖνος, carp, Cyprinus Carpio, 38;
inhabits rivers, 91;
production and growth of young, 155, 156;
star-struck, 219.

Κύτισος, a shrub, Cytisus, Medicago arborea, 71.

Κυφὴ, a kind of shrimp or prawn, 77.
Palæmon Squilla or Crangon vulgaris, also Pagurus.

Κύψελλος, a kind of swallow, Martin? Hirundo urbica, makes its nest of
mud in rocks and caverns, 250.

Κύων, dog, Canis familiaris, 6, 26, 27, 29, 30, 31, 32, 42, 58;
large dog of Epirus, 71;
dreams, 97;
reproduction, barking, &c., 103, 107, 112, 113, 114, 161, 163;
Laconian dogs, their habits, 166, 167;
when dogs eat grass, 204, 238;
diseases, 222;
Egyptian dogs, 226;
Cyrenian dogs, half-bred, with wolves, Laconian with foxes, Indian
with tigers, 227;
the Molossian shepherd dog, 230;
intestinal worms in dogs, 238.

Κύων, a cartilaginous fish, Squalus carcharias, _Strack_, S.
galeus, 104, 151.

Κωβιός, gudgeon, Gobio, 44;
ova, 153, 155;
poor ones cast on shore, 157;
food, 200;
live near the land, 211;
fatten in rivers, 218;
gregarious, 197;
in winter does not leave the Pyrrhic Euripus, 256.

Κωλώτης, an animal inhabiting the stables of the ass, a lizard
according to some, Scaliger thinks a beetle, 232, Mus minutus.

Κώνωψ, a species of gnat, smaller than the empis, Conops calcitrans,
_Strack_, Culex pipiens or C. calcitrans, 89, 94;
springs from a worm in vinegar, Mosillus cellarius, 126.

Λ

Λάβραξ, perhaps Perca Labrax, Basse, 8, 92;
sleeps, 98;
reproduction, 108, 109, 153, 159;
food, 199, 200;
has a stone in its head, 218;
unfit to eat when in spawn, 228;
at times associated with cestreus, 244.

Λαγωὸς, hare, Lepus timidus, the Egyptian, 226.

Λαεδὸς, the name of a bird living in rocks and mountains, perhaps it
should be λαΐος, 234.

Λαΐος, a species of thrush, Turdus torquatus, 234, 247.

Λαμία, a species of shark, Squalus centrina, or carachias, 104, 255.

Λαμπυρὶς or πυγολαμπὶς, glow-worm, Lampyris notiluca, see Πυγολαμπὶς.

Λάρος, gull or cormorant, Larus canus and marinus, Sterna, 45;
colour, 203;
a white kind, _ib._;
hostile to the brenthus and harpa, 232.

Λάταξ, beaver, Castor fiber, 3, 205.

Λάχανα, potherbs, 217.

Λειόβατος, skate, Raia Batis, 40, 151.

Λεπὰς, limpet, Patella, 82, 84, 85, 86, 117.

Λεπιδωτοὶ, scaly fishes, see Πλωτοὶ.

Λευκερώδιος, white heron, Platalea leucerodia, 203.

Λεύκη, probably the unopened flower-bud of the grape, or Populus
alba, 121.

Λεύκος, Ardea argentata, 233.

Λέων, Lion, Felis Leo, 6, 24, 25, 26, 28;
lioness, 29, 30, 32, 42, 59, 61, 69;
reproduction, 102, 161, 176;
existing in one district of Europe, 226;
Syrian Lions, 176;
mane and teeth, _ib._;
food, 205;
habits, 271, 272;
two kinds described, 272.

Λιβανώτις, Rosmarinus officinalis, Rosemary, 183.

Λίβυος, a bird, enemy of the woodpecker, 232.

Λίγυες, Lygians who are said to have seven ribs, 16.

Λιμνόστρεα, oysters, Ostrea edulis, 82, 117;
small crustaceans in them, _ib._

Λόκαλος, a species of heron, Ciconia dubia, 45.

Λόφουρα, animals with hairy tails, horse, ass, &c., 11, 16, 19, 30.

Λὺγξ, Lynx, Felis Lynx, 28, 29, 102.

Λύκιος, a kind of Jackdaw or chough, Corvus monedula, C.
pyrrocorax, 248.

Λύκος, wolf, Canis lupus, 6, 29;
reproduction, 103, 161, 177;
eats grass and earth, 204;
Egyptian, 226;
attacks the ass, bull, and fox, 232;
near the lake Mæotis, 254.

Λύκος, a kind of spider, Aranea tarantula, _Strack_, 259.

Λύρα, a fish, Trigla Lyra, 95.

Μ

Μαῖα, a crustacean, Maia Squinado, 77, 81, 217.

Μαινὶς, sprat or sardine, Sparus mœna, μαινίδια, 157, 158, 159;
when the males are called tragi, 228;
gregarious, 234.

Μαλάκια, the class of cephalopod mollusks, one species which occupies
a shell is probably Camarina mediterranea, _Spratt's Lycia_, 8, 10,
19, 73, 87;
reproduction, 105, 110, 121, 154;
why they imbibe water, 196;
carnivorous, 198, 199;
best for food when they have ova, 228.

Μαλακοκρανεὺς, perhaps Loxia pyrrhula, _Schneider_, 248.

Μαλακόστρακα, crustaceans, 10, 73, 77;
reproduction, 106, 120;
imbibe water, 196;
omnivorous, 198;
best for food when they have ova, 228.

Μαρίνος, a sea-fish, 159, 218.

Μαρτιχόρα, a fabulous animal, 30.

Μελαγκόρυφος, probably blackcap, Parus ater, or Muscicarpa
atricapilla, 202;
food, eggs, nest and tongue, 246;
in the autumn called Sycalis, 276.

Μελαναίετος, called also lagophonos, an eagle, Aquila melanaetus,
Falco fulvus, 251.

Μελανοῦρος, a sea-fish, Sparus melanurus, 199.

Μελεαγρὶς, Guinea fowl, Meleagris Numidica, 139.

Μελίλωτος, plant, Melilotus officinalis, 266.

Μέλιττα, bee, Apis mellifica, 3, 5, 7, 8, 9, 64, 88, 89, 93, 95;
they sleep, 98;
larva are called nymphæ, 124;
reproduction, 127;
drones, chiefs, also called mothers and kings, 28;
three kinds of bees, _ib._;
life, 130;
white bees in plants, and other kinds, _ib._;
food, 208;
hybernate, 213;
change their skins, 216;
diseases, 225;
industry, 258;
habits, 260.

Μεμβρὰς, an inferior kind of anchovy, Clupea sardina, 158.

Μέροψ, bee-eater, Merops Apiaster, L. or Congener, L. 138, 245, 265.

Μηδικὴ, a plant, medick grass, Medicago sativa, 71, 207, 268.

Μήκων, a gregarious fish, 234.

Μήκων, plant, poppy, 268.

Μηλολόνθη, cockchafer, Melolonthus aurata, 9, 88, 89, 125.

Μήρυξ, a fish like the Scarus, said to ruminate, Scarus Cretensis, 279.

Μίλτος, vermilion, 139.

Μίτυς, a substance used by bees to cover crevices in their hives, 261.

Μόρμυρος, a sea-fish, Sparus mormyrus, 159.

Μόρφνος, another name of the plangus, Falco nævius, 251.

Μυγαλῆ, shrew mouse, Sorex araneus, 223.

Μυῖα, house fly, Musca domestica, 9, 83, 89;
reproduction, 106, 108, 126;
omnivorous, 208.

Μύξων, a sea fish, perhaps some kind of mullet, 109, 159.

Μυοθῆραι ὄφεις, serpents that hunt mice, attacked by the weasel, 238.

Μύραινα, sea-lamprey, Muræna helena, _Strack_, 8, 37, 40, 61;
reproduction, 103, 109;
food, 199;
near the shore, 211;
hybernates, 213;
seizes the conger by the tail, 235.

Μύρινος or Μαρίνος, a sea-fish, 218.

Μύρμηξ, ant, Formica, 4;
winged and wingless, 73, 93, 108;
reproduction, 131;
industry, 258, 260.

Μυῤῥίνη, myrtle, Myrtus communis, 266, 268.

Μῦς, mouse, Mus musculus. The Egyptian kind is probably Hierax, those
said to walk on two feet are the Jerboa. The Pontic kind said to
ruminate. Mus Citillus, _Schneider_, 5, 50;
reproduction, 178;
Persian, Egyptian, and many other kinds, _ib._;
manner of drinking, 205;
white mice in Pontus, 216;
Arabian mice, 226;
Lybian, _ib._;
the Pontic mouse is said to ruminate, 278.

Μῦς, a bivalve mollusk, perhaps Mitylus, 82.

Μυστίκητος, a whale, Balæna mysticetus, 64.
Balænopterus musculus or Boops.

Μύωψ, horse-fly or gad-fly, Tabanus Cæcutiens, T. pluvialis,
9, 83, 89;
origin, 126;
death, 127;
sucks blood, 208.

Ν

Νάρκη, torpedo, Raia Torpedo, 37, 40, 104;
reproduction and young, 109, 150, 151;
habits, 275.

Ναυτίλος, cephalopod, the species adhering to its shell is probably
the Nautilus Pompilius, another species Argonauta Argo, _Owen in
Cyclopædia of Anatomy_, 76, 258.

Νεβρίαι γαλεοὶ, dog-fish, Squalus catulus, 149.

Νεβρὸς, fawn, 71.

Νεβροφόνος, a name of the pygargus, 251.

Νεκύδαλος, the larva of the silkworm, Bombyx, 124.

Νηρίτης, different littoral trochi, Trochus, Nerita, Haliotis, 85,
86, 94, 117, 118.

Νῆττα, duck, Anas Boschas, 45, 203.

Νηττοφόνος or Μόρφνος, 251; a name of the plangus.

Νισσαΐοι ἵπποι, Nisæan horses, 278.

Νυκτερὶς, bat, Vespertilio, 4, 9, 50.

Νυκτικόραξ, Ardea Nycticorax, Marabu, 45, 201, 210, 252.

Ξ

Ξιφίας, sword-fish, Xiphias gladius, 38, 40, 219.

Ξυλοφθόρος, insects in wood, Phryganea, Tinea graminella, 136.

Ο

Ὄζολις, a cephalopod mollusk, the same as bolitæna, 76.

Οἰνάνθη, the flower of the vine, 121.

Οἰνάνθη, probably the name of some dark-coloured bird, 276.

Οἰνὰς, a wild pigeon, Columba migratoria, _Strack_, C. œnas, 111,
138, 203.

Ὄϊς, sheep, Ovis aries, 72;
different kinds, 208.

Οἶστρος, gad fly, Tabanus corvinus, 3, 9, 83, 89;
origin, 125;
a blood sucker, 208;
the marine species probably refers to certain parasites on fish,
Lernæa brachialis, Phalangium balænarum, 135, 208, 212, 219.

Οἶστρος, a bird, perhaps Motacilla sibilatrix, or Trochilus, 202.

Ὁλοθούριον, probably an alga Spongodium, _Spratt's Lycia_, Holothuria
or Salpa, 4.

Ὄνος, ass, Equus Asinus, 27, 31, 39, 68, 70;
not infested with lice or ticks, 135;
reproduction, 113, 163, 171;
food and drink, 207;
diseases, 224;
a foe to the Ægithus, 232;
eats thorns, 233.

Ὄνος ὁ ἄγριος, the wild ass, 178;
in Epirus, 71;
the Indian ass, perhaps Rhinoceros, 28.

Ὄνος, fish, perhaps Raia squatina, _Strack_, Gadus mustela, 214, 255.

Ὄνος, woodlouse, Oniscus asellus, 135.

Ὀρεινὸς, a species of titmouse, Parus Ater, 202.

Ὀρειπέλαργος, Grypaetus Barbatus, _Strack_, 251.

Ὀρεὺς, mule, 5, 11, 27, 31, 39;
females and reproduction, 163, 172, 173;
food and drink, 207.

Ὀρίγανος, plant, Origanum, 238.

Ὄρκυς, a large kind of tunny, Scomber ala longa, 109.

Ὄρνις, domestic fowl, see ἀλεκτόρις and ἀλεκτρυὼν.

Ὄροβος, tares, Orobus, Ervum ervilia, 71, 191.

Ὀρόσπιζος, mountain finch, Fringilla montifringilla, _Strack_, 202.

Ὀρσοδάκνη, an insect that eats the buds of plants, Chrysomela
oleracea, 126.

Ὀρτυγομήτρα, perhaps Land rail, Rallus Crex, 210.

Ὄρτυξ, quail, Coturnix Vulgaris, 40, 45;
nest, 146, 240;
migration, 210;
does not perch on trees, 242.

Ὄρυξ, Nilghau, Antilope picta, or Antilope Oryx, 27.

Ὀρφὸς, a sea fish, perhaps Scorpæna porcus, _Spratt's Lycia_, 109,
199, 211, 214.

Ὀρχιλος, a bird, Charadrius minor, 232.

Ὀστρακόδερμα, testaceous mollusca, 8, 10, 13, 73, 81;
reproduction, 110, 115, 117;
compared with plants, 195;
hybernate, 213;
best for food when they have ova, 228.

Ὄστρεον, oyster, 3, 10, 117;
different kinds, 73;
origin, 117;
have an anus, 198;
τά ὀστρεώδη, testacea, 228.

Ὄστρειον, the shell used by painters, 118.

Οὖραξ, Otis houbara, 139.

Οὖς θαλάττιον, sea ear, perhaps Haliotis, 84.

Ὀφίδιον, a small serpent, found in the plant silphium, 227;
a small serpent, Coluber ammodytes, or C. Æsculapii, _Strack_, _ib._;
an Indian serpent, whose bite is fatal, _ib._

Ὄφις, serpent, 5;
winged serpent in Æthiopia, perhaps Draco volans, 9;
a horned serpent in Egypt, Coluber cerastes, 28;
water-serpents, Coluber natrix, 10, 35, 38, 43, 44, 46, 49, 60;
marine serpents, Muræna ophis, or Ammodytes tobianus, _Strack_,
38, 255; there are many kinds.
Their hissing, 96;
the female larger, 100;
reproduction, 103, 137;
change their skin, 121, 216;
omnivorous, 204;
hybernate, 213;
a large kind in Lybia, Boa constrictor, 226;
the blind serpent, Anguis fragilis, 223.

Ὄφριος, Labrus Anthia, 109.

Π

Πάγουρος, probably the common hermit-crab, Pagurus Bernhardi, 77.

Πανθὴρ, panther, Felis Panthera, 177.

Παρδάλια, 34;
perhaps the spots on the Leopard's skin: an unknown animal, _L. and
S. Lex_.

Παρδαλίαγχες, a plant poisonous to the Leopard, perhaps aconite,
Doronicum pardalianches, or aconitum Napellus, 238.

Πάρδαλις, Leopard, Felis Leopardus, 5, 27, 29, 30;
Asiatic, 226;
the female more bold than the male, 230;
hunts by scent, 238.

Πάρδαλος, a bird, perhaps Sturnus Vulgaris, Starling. Tringa
Squaratola, _Strack_, 248.

Πάρδιον, see ἱππάρδιον, Giraffe.

Πελαργὸς, stork, Ardea Ciconia, 203, 215;
when wounded applies origanum to its wounds, 238;
said to be fed by its young, 245.

Πελειὰς, a kind of dove, distinct from περίστερα, 111;
migratory, 210.

Πελεκᾶν, Pelecan, Pelecanus onocrotalus, migrates from the
Strymon, 209;
gregarious, 210;
eats shell-fish, 243.

Πέλλος, black heron, Ardea cinerea, 233, 247.

Πέρδιξ, partridge, Perdix cinerea, and rufa, Tetrao Perdix and
Græcus, 5, 45, 47, 96;
reproduction, 106, 139, 140, 141, 148;
nest, incubation, habits, 138, 240, 241, 242;
life, 145, 240;
eats snails, 255;
dusts itself, 277.

Περιστερὰ, House-dove, Columba, 4, 5, 39, 45;
differs from πελειὰς, 111;
reproduction, _ib._, 138, 139, 140, 141, 144, 145;
food, 202;
not migratory, 210;
habits, 239, 240;
those used for lures are blinded, 240;
wash and dust themselves, 277.

Περιστοειδῆ, the class of pigeon-like birds, 111, 144, 202.

Πέρκη, perch, Perca fluviatilis, 38, 44, 155, 214.

Περκνόπτερος, dusky eagle, Vultur percnopterus or Gypaietos barbatus,
or Falco barbatus, 251.

Πέρκος, grey hawk, Falco subbuteo, 253.

Πέρνης or πτερνὶς, a kind of hawk.

Πεύκη, pine tree, 126.

Πήγανον, rue, Ruta graveolens, 238.

Πηλαμὶς, a tunny fish of a year old, Scomber Thynnus, 4;
reproduction, 108;
where found, 109;
the tunny a year older than the pelamys, 157, 160;
migrate to the Pontus, 211;
gregarious, 235.

Πηνέλοψ, a kind of duck, Anas Penelope, 203.

Πηνίον, some species of larva, Phalænæ geometræ, 124.

Πιθηκοειδῆ, the ape tribe, 26.

Πίθηκος, ape, Simia Sylvanus, 32.

Πίκρις, a bitter herb, endive, Chicorium intybus, or Helminthia
Echionella, 238.

Πίννα, the genus Pinna, 82, 117, 118, 195.

Πιννοθήρης or πιννοτήρης, and πιννοφύλαξ, small crustaceans living in
shells and sponges, Pinnotheres veterum, 117.

Πίπος, πίπρα, πιπὼ, woodpecker, Picus viridis, major, minor,
202, 232, 248.

Πισσόκηρος, bees' wax, 261.

Πίφηξ or πίφιγξ, Alauda trivialis, 234.

Πλάγγος, a species of eagle, Aquila albicilla, 251.

Πλόμος or φλόμος, mullein, Verbascum thapsus, fatal to fish, 220.

Πλωτοὶ, certain fish, as the cestreus and labrax, 153, 228, 256, 273;
also of birds, 35.

Πνεύμων, a marine animal of low organization, 118.

Πόα Μηδικὴ and Συρία, Medicago sativa, and lupulina, 268.

Ποικιλὶς, perhaps Fringilla Carduelis or Œnanthe, 232.

Πολύπους, Octopus, _Spratt's Lycia_, Sepia octopodia, a small
variegated kind, has not been determined, _Owen_, 9, 73, 74, 76;
several kinds, 73, 258;
reproduction, 105, 110, 121;
destroys the lobster, 198;
is destroyed by the conger, _ib._;
food, 199;
when good for food, 228;
ink, 75, 257;
changes its colour, _ib._;
grows lean, _ib._;
goes upon shore, 258.

Πορφύρα, Murex trunculus, _Spratt's Lycia_, and probably some other
shells, 81, 83, 85, 86, 89, 94;
time of appearance, 110, 115, 116, 117;
several kinds, 116, 117;
said to obtain the purple from Algæ, 155;
carnivorous, 200;
hybernates, 213, 220, 256.

Πορφυρίων, a bird with a long neck, Fulica porphyrion, _Strack_,
45, 206.

Πράσιον, a species of alga, perhaps Caulerpa prolifera, _Spratt's
Lycia_, 199.

Πρασοκουρὶς, a grub which destroys leeks, Clerus apiarius, 126.

Πρέσβυς, the same as Trochilus, wren, 232, 244.

Πρημάδες, a kind of tunny, 214.

Πρίστις, perhaps the saw-fish, Squalus pristis, _Strack_, 152.

Πρόβατον, sheep, Ovis aries, 27, 29;
black lambs, 64, 66, 67;
in Epirus, 71, 72;
voice of the ram, 96;
dreams, 97;
reproduction, 112, 113, 163, 164, 165;
sheep-ticks, 134;
food, 208;
acorns injurious to sheep, 222;
diseases, 223;
Syrian sheep, 225;
Egyptian, 226;
habits, 235;
hostile to bees, 261;
ruminate, 279.

Πρὸξ, roe deer, Cervus Capriolus, 39, 58, 67.

Πτελέα, elm, Ulmus campestris, 206.

Πτερνὶς, a species of hawk, 253.

Πτὺγξ, or πώϋξ, a water-bird, 244.

Πύγαργος, a kind of eagle, perhaps Circus Cyaneus, hen harrier,
146, 250;
also a water-bird, perhaps Tringa Ocrophus, L. _Schneider_, 203, 244.

Πυγολαμπὶς, glow-worm, Lampyris noctiluca, 73, 125.

Πυραλὶς, a bird, enemy of the turtle dove, 232.

Πυραύστης, a moth, Tinea mellonella, _Strack_, 225.

Πυῤῥούλας, a red bird, Loxia pyrrula, or enucleator, 202.

Πώϋξ, a bird living in marshes, Ardea purpurea, 247.

Ρ

Ῥαφάνος, cabbage or radish, 124.

Ῥητίνη, resin, 248.

Ῥίνη, a species of shark, Squalus Squatina, _Strack_, 49;
reproduction, 103, 108, 109, 150, 151;
mode of taking its prey, 255;
changes its colour, 257.

Ῥινόβατης, Raia rhinobatus, a cartilaginous fish, 151.

Ῥυάδες, fish that swim in shoals, 93, 109, 159, 211, 212.

Σ

Σαθέριον, a kind of otter or beaver, Lutra Luteola, _Strack_, 205.

Σαλαμάνδρα, salamander, Lacerta Salamandra, 126.

Σάλπη, the genus Scomber, _Strack_, Sparus Salpa, 92;
reproduction, 108, 109, 159;
food, 201;
lives in bays of the sea, 211;
is not carnivorous, 256.

Σανδαράκη, red sulphuret of arsenic, 223;
bee bread, 264.

Σαπείριον, σαπήριον or σατύριον, a plant, probably an orchid,
Satyrian, 205.

Σαπερδὶς, a fresh-water fish, perhaps Accipenser hugo, 229.

Σαργῖνος, the sardine, migratory, Tetragonus niger, 231.

Σὰργος, Sparus sargus, _Strack_, a sea-fish, 108, 109, 159, 200.

Σατύριον, Sorex moschatus, 205.

Σαῦρα, Lizard, generic name, 5, 8, 25, 34, 35, 36, 39, 43, 44;
reproduction, 103, 137;
life, 204;
hybernates, 213;
change of skin, 216;
Arabian lizards, 225, 252.

Σαύρος, Salmo Saurus, marine, 234.

Σειρῆν, a kind of wild bee or wasp, Megachile muraria, 260.

Σελάχη, the class of cartilaginous fishes, 7, 8, 14, 37, 38, 59,
60, 66;
description of the class, 46, 48;
sleep, 98;
kinds, 99, 104;
reproduction, 103, 149, 160;
carnivorous, 199;
marine, 211;
hybernate, 214;
male and female, 257.

Σελαχοείδεις, cartilaginous fishes, 44, 95, 104, 214.

Σέσελις, an umbelliferous plant, Seseli tortuosum, 236.

Σηπία, Sepia officinalis, _Spratt's Lycia_, cuttle-fish, 7, 9, 10,
73, 74, 75, 80, 83, 93;
reproduction, 105, 110, 120, 123, 125, 154;
food, 199;
the male protects the female when wounded, 231;
emission of the ink, 257;
said to change its colour, _ib._

Σὴς, various kinds of moths in clothes, in beehives, in books, 135.

Σικύη, a kind of long gourd, 246.

Σικύος, gourd or cucumber, Cucurbita lagenaria, 206.

Σίλφη, a stinking insect, Blatta orientalis, or Lepisma, _Strack_, 216.

Σίλφιον, a plant, perhaps Assafœtida, Laserpitium, or Thapsus
Silphium, 227.

Σινόδων, or συνόδων, a carnivorous fish, Tetraodon hispidus, or mola,
or Sparus dentex, _Strack_, T. lineatus, 199, 200, 211, 234.

Σίττη, a kind of woodpecker, or perhaps Sitta Europœa, creeper,
233, 247.

Σιττάκη or ψιττάκη, parrot, Psittacus erithacus.

Σκάρος, a sea-fish, supposed by the ancients to ruminate, Scarus
oretius, _Spratt's Lycia_, S. cretensis, _Strack_, 37;
has not sharp teeth, 38, 44;
food, 199;
appears to ruminate, 200, 256, 278.

Σκίαινα, a sea-fish, Sciæna nigra, _Strack_, S. cirrhosa, 218.

Σκίλλη, Scilla maritima, 133.

Σκολόπαξ, perhaps the woodcock, Scolopax rusticola, 242.

Σκολόπενδρα, Scolopendra morsitans, Centipede, 8;
the marine kinds Nereis or Aphrodite, A. aculeata, 38, 88, 255.

Σκομβρίας, σκόμβρος, fish allied to the tunny, mackerel, Scomber
sarda, 109, 160, 210, 212, 235.

Σκορδύλη or κορδύλη, the young tunny, 160.

Σκορπίος, Scorpio Europæus, 89, 131, 135, 227.

Σκορπίος, a sea-fish, Cottus Scorpius, _Strack_, 44, 108, 211.

Σκορπὶς, a sea-fish, Scorpæna porcus, 109.

Σκορπιῶδες, a small creature in books, Phalangium Cancroides, 89, 135.

Σκυλίον, dog-fish, Squalus Stellaris, S. canicula, 149, 151.

Σκύλλαρος or κύλλαρος, a kind of hermit-crab, 85.

Σκωλήκιον, a worm that eats wood, 136;
a small intestinal worm in fish, 159;
an insect in honey-combs, 266.

Σκώληξ, worm, especially the earthworm, 8, 123.

Σκὼψ, the screech-owl, Strix Scops, Strix Otus, 201, 249.

Σμαρὶς, a poor sea-fish, Sparus smaris, 228.

Σμύξον, see μύξων. Σμύραινα, see μύραινα. Σμύρος, see μύρος.

Σπάρος, a sea-fish, Sparus Maina, _Strack_, 44.

Σπάρτον, a shrub, broom, Genista, Stipa tenacissima, 266.

Σπάταγος, Spatangus, sea-egg, 86.

Σπίζα, finch, Fringilla, 35;
eats worms, 202;
habitation, 240.

Σπιζίας, sparrow-hawk, Falco Nisus, 201, 253.

Σπιζίτης, a kind of titmouse, Parus ater or major, 202.

Σπόγγος, sponge, Spongia officinalis, 3;
growth, 118;
three kinds, _ib._;
very like a plant, 195;
pores in sponges, 246.

Σπονδύλη or σφονδύλη, probably a kind of beetle, living in the roots
of plants, Carabus, 107, 223, 252.

Σταφυλῖνος, an insect like the Sphondyle, Staphylinus murinus, 223.

Στρόμβος, Turbinated shells, Helix, Turbo, &c., 13, 85, 86, 118.

Στρομβώδη, univalve mollusks, 85, 86;
on land and marine, 84;
have an operculum, 117.

Στρουθὸς, sparrow, Fringilla domestica, 40, 45, 64, 102;
eats worms, 202;
the hens are said to live longer, 240;
compared with the Halcyon, 245;
washes and dusts itself, 277;
in Lybia, ostrich, Struthiocamelus, 246.

Στρουθὸς, a flat fish, Pleuronectes passer, 40.

Στύραξ, the gum storax, Storax officinalis, 93.

Συκαλὶς, fig-pecker, Italian beccafico, the melancoryphus in its
summer plumage, Motacilla Atricapilla, or Parus ater, _Strack_,
Sylvia fidecula, 202, 276.

Συκάμινον, the fruit of the mulberry tree, 221.

Σῦκα, figs, used for feeding swine, 206, 221.

Συκῶν κάμπαι, a caterpillar in figs, 126.

Σύμφυτον, a plant, Symphytun officinale, comfrey, or gypsophila
arundinacea, 245.

Συναγρὶς, a fish, Sparus dentex, 37, 40.

Συρία πόα, a plant loved by bees, 268.

Σῦς, swine, Sus scropha, no wild swine in Libya, 225;
the domestic pig eats snails, 255.

Σφαῖραι θαλάττιαι, a species of zoophyte, perhaps Alcyonia, 246.

Σφήξ, wasp, Vespa vulgaris, V. tectorum, V. crabro, generic name,
3, 4, 88, 89;
larva, 124;
a kind called ichneumon, Ammophila sabulosa, 127, 130;
a diligent insect, 258;
the annual wasp, 260;
hostile to bees, 265, 267;
two species, 268.

Σφύραινα, a gregarious sea-fish, Esox sphyræna, 234.

Σχοίνικλος or σχοινίων, a water-bird, Emberiza Schœniclus L.
_Schneider_, 203, 234.

Σχοινίων, Sylvia arundinacea, 234.

Σωλὴν, Solen, Soleneuntus trigillatus, _Spratt's Lycia_, 82, 94,
117, 118, 195.

Τ

Ταινία, a long thin fish, probably Cepola tænia, _Strack_, 37.

Ταινίαι πλατείαι, flat entozoa, 238.

Ταπύνος, see τύμπανος.

Ταῦρος, bull, Bos taurus, 48, 67, 68, 168;
horns, 100;
fierce in the breeding season, 161;
bulls fight together, 163.

Ταὼς, peacock, Pavo cristatus, 6;
barren eggs, reproduction, 140, 148.

Τενθρηδὼν, a kind of bee or wasp, Apis terrestris, _Strack_, makes
honey, 260;
reproduction, 271.

Τερηδὼν, a caterpillar in bee-hives, 225.

Τέτριξ, a species of grouse, Tetrac tetrix, or Otis tetrix, _Strack_,
138, 139.

Τεττιγομήτρα, the edible larva of the locust or grasshopper, 134.

Τεττιγόνιον, a small kind of grasshopper, 90, 133.

Τέττιξ, grasshopper, Cicada orni, 90;
several kinds, 95;
origin, 123;
reproduction, 133;
Cecropis Spumarius, 134;
changes its skin, 216;
not found in Milesia and Cephalenia, 225.

Τευθὶς, Loligo vulgaris, _Owen_, 9, 10, 74, 75;
reproduction, 105, 123;
food, 177;
its ink, 257.

Τεῦθος, Loligo media, 10, 74, 75, 123;
perhaps incorrectly in 234 as the name of a gregarious fish.

Τήθυα, Ascidian mollusks, Ascidia phlusa, _Strack_, 82, 87, 94, 117;
fleshy nature of their body, 195.

Τίγρις, Tiger, Felis tigris, the Indian dogs are said to be crossed
with the tiger, 227.

Τίλλων, a fresh-water fish, Cyprinus brama, 156, 220.

Τίφαι, grass or straw used as food for swine, Secale, 221.

Τράγος, the he-goat, voice, 96, 161, 175.

Τράγος, the male of the fish mænis, Sparus Maina, _Strack_, 228.

Τρίγλη, Red mullet, _Spratt's Lycia_, Mullus surculentus, _Strack_,
44, 108;
suffers from parasites, 135;
season of reproduction, 159;
gregarious, _ib._, 234;
can bury itself, 200;
lives near the land, 211;
in estuaries, _ib._;
not carnivorous, 256;
in season in the autumn, 257.

Τριόρχης, Buzzard, Buteo vulgaris, 201;
eats toads and serpents, 232;
the first genus of the hawks, 253.

Τριχὰς, Fieldfare or thrush, Turdus trichias, _Strack_, T.
pilaris, 248.

Τριχίας or τριχὶς, a small kind of fish, or spawn, Clupea Sprattus,
108, 158, 212.

Τροχίλος, Sylvia trochilus, _Strack_, also called Presbys, and
Basileus, perhaps the wren, Sylvia troglodytes, S. regulus, 203, 233;
also a bird living by the sea, charadrius Egyptiacus, 203;
picks the teeth of the crocodile, 238;
hates the eagle, 232.

Τρύγγας, perhaps Tringa ochropodes, _Schneider_, T. vanellus, 203, 244.

Τρυγὼν, Turtle dove, Columba turtur, the smallest of the dove
tribe, 111;
young and eggs, 138, 145, 240;
food, 202;
migrates, 210;
hybernates, 215;
an enemy to the pyrallis, but killed by the chloreus, 232;
friendly with the cottyphus, 234;
life, 240;
habitation, _ib._;
perhaps Psophila crepitans, or Rallus crex, 277.

Τρυγὼν, a sea-fish, Raia pastinaca, 8, 104, 149, 211;
method of taking its prey, 255.

Τρυγὼν, some oviparous quadruped, 103.

Τύραννος, golden-crested wren, Motacilla Regulus, 202.

Τυφλίνης, blind worm, Lacerta Apus, _Schneider_, 154, 223.

Υ

Ὕαινα, Hyæna Striata, 176;
also called γλάνος, 204.

Ὑβρὶς, a night bird of prey, 244.

Ὕδρος, a water-serpent, Coluber natrix, 3, 44.

Ὑπαίετος, a kind of eagle, also written γυπαίετος, 252.

Ὕπερα, a kind of caterpillar, Geometra, 124.

Ὑπολαΐς, hedge sparrow, Sylvia hortensis or curruca, 147, 202, 249.

Ὑποτριόρχης, buzzard, 253, see τριόρχης.

Ὕς, swine, Sus scropha, 26;
with single hoof in Pœonia, 27, 29;
boar, 31, 32;
swine, 35, 42, 46, 66;
heats, 69;
voice, 96;
sow, is without tusks, 100;
reproduction, 107, 112, 114, 135, 162, 163;
domestic swine, 164;
μετάχοιρα, 173;
they dig up the runs of mice, 178;
eat roots, 206;
how fattened, _ib._;
diseases, 221;
swine in Mount Athos, 227;
killed by scorpions, _ib._;
devour serpents, 233;
gelding of sows, 278.

Ὓς ἄγριος, the wild boar, 5, 26, 161, 174.

Ὕστριξ, porcupine, Hystrix cristata, 138;
compared with the bear, 175;
hybernates, 215;
throws out its quills, 260.

Φ

Φαβοτύπος, a kind of hawk, Falco palumbarius, 201.

Φάγρος, a sea-fish, Sparus pagrus, 211, 218.

Φαλάγγιον, a kind of spider, Phalangium, Aranea Tarantula, 100,
107, 121, 123;
reproduction, 132;
patient of hunger, 204;
hostile to the ichneumon, 232;
several kinds described, 258, 259.

Φάλαγξ, a spider, 231.

Φάλαινα, whale, Physeter Chacalotus, _Strack_, P. macrocephalus, 8,
69, 152;
respiration, 196.

Φαλαρὶς, coot, Fulica atra, 203.

Φαληρικὴ ἀφύη, some kind of spawn, 158.

Φασιανὸς, pheasant, Phasianus Colchicus, 134, 139, 277.

Φασσοφόνος, a hawk, probably the same as φαβοτύπος, 253.

Φάττα, a kind of pigeon, Columba palumbus, 45, 47;
the largest of the pigeon kind, 111;
reproduction and eggs, 138, 144, 145, 147, 202;
migrates, 210;
sometimes hybernates, 215;
likes drought, 217;
mode of drinking, 240;
habits, _ib._;
does not coo in winter, 276.

Φὰψ, a kind of dove, Columba livia, the male and female incubate by
turns, 147, 202, 240;
nest, 249.

Φήνη, perhaps the osprey, Vultur ossifragus, Buffon, nurses the young
of the eagle, 146;
its food and shape, 201, 251.

Φθείρ, louse, Pediculus capitis and P. pubis, κόνις, nit, 120, 134;
in birds, _ib._;
in fish, Lernea, 97, 135;
in the fish chalcis, 220.

Φθείρα, a fish that follows the dolphin, Centronotus, 135.

Φλέως, a water plant, Poterium spinosum, 266.

Φοινοκούρος, redstart, Sylvia Phœnicurus, 276;
in winter called ἐρίθακος.

Φοξῖνος, a river fish, Cyprinus phoxinus, _Strack_, 153, 155.

Φρύνη, toad, Bufo vulgaris, 39, 87;
eaten by the buzzard, 232;
injurious to bees, 265.

Φρυνολόχος, a kind of hawk, perhaps the buzzard, 253.

Φυκίον, fucus, sea-weed, 122, 125, 154, 199, 200, 255.

Φυκὶς, a fish living on sea-weed, Gobius niger, 154;
food, 200;
changes its colour, and is the only fish that makes nests, 228.

Φύκος, fucus, 154, 158, 218, 220.

Φώκαινα, porpoise, Delphinus Phocæna, 152, 212.

Φώκη, seal, Phoca vitulina, P. monachus, 4, 7, 14, 22, 25, 26, 30,
39, 44, 69;
reproduction and habits, 103, 152, 153, 196;
food, 205;
fight together, 231.

Φωλὶς, a fish enclosing itself in mucus, 256;
Blennius pholis, _Strack_.

Φὼρ, a kind of bee, the thief, 259.

Χ

Χάλαξα, Hydatids in swine, 221.

Χαλκεὺς, a fish, Dory, Zeus Faber, _Strack_, 95.

Χαλκὶς, a lizard, with a bright stripe on its back, Lacerta
chalcides, 223.

Χαλκὶς, a bird, the same as κύμινδις, Stryx flammea, _Strack_, 244.

Χαλκὶς, a fish, perhaps Mugil auratus, _Spratt's Lycia_, Clupea
picta, 108, 155, 156, 256.

Χαλκῖτις λίθος, lime stone, 126.

Χάννη, or χάνη, a fish with a wide mouth, Perca cabrilla, 99, 153;
food, 199;
marine, 211.

Χαραδριὸς, lapwing or curlew, Charadrius œdicnemus, _Schneider_,
203, 243.

Χελιδὼν, swallow, Hirundo urbica and rustica, 4, 40, 45, 64;
reproduction and nests, 111, 138, 145, 239;
eat animal food, 202;
migration, 215;
kill bees, 265.

Χελιδὼν, flying fish, 95;
Exocetus volitans.

Χέδροπες, leguminous plants, 205.

Χέλων, or χάλλων, a fish like the cestreus, 109, 159, 199.

Χελώνη, the river tortoise, Testudo orbicularis and Europæa, 34, 39,
41, 42, 46, 65, 84, 87, 96;
reproduction, 103, 104, 123;
marine, Chelonia cephalo, 196;
lives on shell-fish and sea-weed, 198;
does not change its skin, 216, 238.

Χήμη, a large bivalve shell, Chama, 117.

Χὴν, goose, Anser domesticus and Anas segetum, 6, 27, 45, 47;
gosling, 140, 141;
incubation, 146, 147;
different kinds, 203, 210.

Χηναλώπηξ, an Egyptian goose, Anas tadorna, _Strack_, 140, 203.

Χίμαιρα, probably the she goat, 72.

Χλωρεὺς, perhaps the same as χλωρίων, a foe to the woodpecker, and
kills the turtle dove, Falco lanarius, 232.

Χλωρὶς, Motacilla fitis, or Loxia chloris, _Strack_, eats worms, 202;
shape, eggs, nest, 245, 249.

Χλωρίων, perhaps oriole, Oriolus galbula, _Strack_, attacks the
blackbird, 233, 248.

Χοιροπίθηκος, ape, Simia rostrata, S. porcaria, 34.

Χρὲμψ, a fish joined with labrax, 92.

Χρόμις, a sea-fish, Sciæna nigra, 92, 94, 108, 218.

Χρυσομήτρις, a bird (thistle finch), Fringilla serinus, 202.

Χρύσοφρυς, Sparus aurata L., 8, 44;
sleeps, 98;
reproduction, 109, 160;
food, 200;
near the shore, 211;
in estuaries, _ib._;
hybernates, 214;
impatient of cold, 218.

Χύμινδις, the same as χαλκις, 244.

Χυτοὶ, fish that swim in shoals, 109.

Ψ

Ψάρος, starling, Sturnus vulgaris, 215, 249.

Ψὴν, gall insect, Cynips psenes, 136.

Ψήττα, a flat fish, Pleuronectes lingua and Rhombus, and maxima,
99, 109, 255.

Ψιττάκη, Parrot, Psittacus erithacus, 211.

Ψύλλα, flea, Pulex irritans, 134;
a kind of spider, Salticus scenicus, 259.

Ψύλλος, parasites on fish, Talitrus locusta, 97.

Ψυχὴ, butterfly, Papilio, 89, 102, 123.

Ω

Ὠτὶς, bustard, Otis tarda, 45, 102;
incubation, 147, 252.

Ὠτὸς, horned owl, Strix otus, 210, 252.

Ὦχροι, a kind of pulse, useful to bees, Pisum sativum, 268.

THE END.

LONDON: PRINTED BY WILLIAM CLOWES AND SONS, LIMITED, STAMFORD STREET AND CHARING CROSS.

TRANSCRIBER'S CORRECTIONS

page original text correction
27 It has a a talus like It has a talus like
34 The river-cocodiles have The river-crocodiles have
39 after phryne footnote anchor with no corresponding footnote
52 7. Other veins pass 7. "Other veins pass
63 those off warm sexual desires those of warm sexual desires
103 1. Oviparous quarupeds 1. Oviparous quadrupeds
104 for none of of them for none of them
144 the twin chickens was lrage the twin chickens was large
163 period for sexual intercouse. period for sexual intercourse.
227 footnote anchor missing the plant silphium[222]
228 immemediately becomes putrid immediately becomes putrid
240 aways remain faithful always remain faithful
280 children after cohabition, children after cohabitation,
322 no reference found for μύρος
323 no reference found for τύμπανος

End of Project Gutenberg's Aristotle's History of Animals, by Aristotle