Chapter I: Appendix: II

Chemical Constitution of some Armenian Lakes 468

BIBLIOGRAPHY 471
INDEX 497

LIST OF PLATES

Lake Van with Sipan from Artemid Frontispiece
Plain of Alashkert from the Slopes of Aghri Dagh To face page 2
Group of Kurd Hamidiyeh Cavalry Back to page 4
Group of Karapapakh Hamidiyeh Cavalry 5
The Kuseh Dagh from the Plain of Alashkert To face page 10
Yusuf Bey of Köshk 16
Kurd of Köshk in Gala Dress 17
Sipan from the Plain of Patnotz 19
Van from the Slopes of Mount Varag 53
Van: Interior of the Mosque of Ulu Jami Back to page 106
Van: Frieze in Ulu Jami 107
Van: Cuneiform Inscription of Meher or
Choban Kapusi To face page 112
Van: Mount Varag from the Heights of Toprak Kala 113
Akhtamar: Church from South-East Back to page 130
Akhtamar: Church from North-West 131
Church at Akhtamar: Sculptures on North Wall To face page 132
Crater of Nimrud as seen on the Road from Garzik
to Bitlis 142
Bitlis from Avel Meidan 145
Kerkür Dagh from the South: Nimrud Crater in the background 161
Young Kurd Woman at Gotni, Mush Plain 163
Well-to-do Inhabitant of Khaskeui, Mush Plain 166
Monastery of Surb Karapet from the South Back to page 176
Church of Surb Karapet from South-West 177
View South from the Terrace at Surb Karapet To face page 178
The Two Chapels at Surb Karapet 180
The Akh Dagh and the Plain of Khinis from the South 186
The Central Tableland, Bingöl in the distance,
from near Kulli 191
Kargabazar, across the Plain of Pasin, from the
southern margin of the Central Tableland 193
Erzerum from the Roof of the British Consulate: the
Citadel in the middle distance and Eyerli Dagh
in the background 208
Erzerum: Chifteh Minareh To face page 211
Looking East-South-East from near the Kop Pass 230
Castle of Kalajik, Upper Kharshut 236
Monastery of Sumelas 239
Tekman and the Bingöl Dagh from near Khedonun 247
Khamur from the Pass between Ali Mur and Khinis 252
Melazkert from the North: Sipan in the background 269
Akhlat: Iki Kube--(the Kala, or Ottoman City,
in the background) 285
Akhlat: Isolated Tomb 290
Akhlat: The Kharab-Shehr, or Site of the Ancient City 292
The Nimrud Crater from the Promontory of Kizvag 298
Sipan: View from the Western Summit over the Summit Region 334
Hamidiyeh Cavalry at Gumgum 357
Armenian Village of Gundemir: Bingöl Cliffs in the
background 359
The Bingöl Cliffs with the Head Waters of the Bingöl Su
from the Village of Chaghelik 360
The so-called Crater of Bingöl from about the centre of
the Moraine from Kara Kala 369
View from the Western Summit of Bingöl 373
Panorama from the Hill of Gugoghlan 373

ILLUSTRATIONS IN THE TEXT

Caravan on the Black Sea--Tabriz Trade Route 8
Karakilisa from South-West 10
Akantz 26
Ruins of Arjish from the North 28
Ruins of Arjish from the South 29
Our Boat on Lake Van 30
Scene on the Island of Ktutz 33
Doorway of the Church at Ktutz 34
Bronze Shield from Toprak Kala 62
Bronze Fragment from Toprak Kala (British Museum) 63
Ornament from Toprak Kala (British Museum) 63
House of an Armenian Merchant at Van 81
Interior of Haykavank from the East 102
The Rock and Walled City of Van 104
Street in the Walled City 105
The Crag of Ak Köpri 111
Monastery of Yedi Kilisa (Varag) 114
Interior of the Church at Yedi Kilisa 115
Van on the Road to Bitlis 116
Mountain Range along South Coast of Lake Van 119
Island of Akhtamar 130
Promontory of Surb (on the left the back of the Sheikh
Ora Crater; in the distance Nimrud) 140
Bitlis: Fortified Monastery 155
Tunnel of Semiramis 156
Looking down Valley of Bitlis Chai 157
Nimrud Crater from the Volcanic Plateau 161
Armenian Village of Khaskeui, Mush Plain 165
Terrace of Lava resembling Human Fortifications 189
Looking down the Valley of the Upper Araxes from
below Mejitli 192
Erzerum and its Plain from the South 207
Armenian Youths 215
Armenian Maidens 216
Five Generations of an Armenian Family 221
Range North of Ashkala 229
On the Banks of the Chorokh above Baiburt 232
Armenian Cemetery at Varzahan 234
Kurdish Dancing Boy at Gopal 254
Piece of Seljuk Pottery from Akhlat 285
Tombstone at Akhlat 291
The Lake in the Crater of Nimrud 302
Village of Uran Gazi with Sipan 332
Grave on the Summit of Khamur 340

LIST OF MAPS AND PLANS

Plan of Van To face page 81
Bitlis and Environs 147
Plan of the Ancient Fortifications of Melazkert 271
Plan of Akhlat 296
Interior of the Nimrud Crater 305
Nimrud and Surroundings 312
Plan of the Summit Region of Sipan 336
The Bingöl Dagh on the North 366
The Bingöl Dagh on the South 378