Chapter V: The Paces of the Horse 282

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

FIG. PAGE

1. A HUMAN SKELETON IN THE ATTITUDE OF A QUADRUPED, TO GIVE A
GENERAL IDEA OF THE POSITION OF THE BONES IN OTHER
VERTEBRATES 5
2. SIZE OF THE ATLAS COMPARED WITH THE TRANSVERSE DIMENSIONS OF
THE CORRESPONDING PARTS OF THE SKULL IN MAN 7
3. SIZE OF THE ATLAS COMPARED WITH THE TRANSVERSE DIMENSIONS OF
THE CORRESPONDING REGIONS OF THE SKULL IN A DOG 8
4. LUMBAR VERTEBRAE OF A QUADRUPED (THE HORSE): SUPERIOR SURFACE 9
5. A TRANSVERSE SECTION OF THE THORAX OF A MAN PLACED
VERTICALLY--THAT IS TO SAY, IN THE DIRECTION WHICH IT WOULD
ASSUME IN A MAN PLACED IN THE ATTITUDE OF A QUADRUPED (A
DIAGRAMMATIC FIGURE) 13
6. A VERTICAL SECTION OF THE THORAX OF A QUADRUPED
(DIAGRAMMATIC) 14
7. STERNUM OF A BIRD (THE COCK): LEFT SIDE, EXTERNAL SURFACE 17
8. ANTERIOR LIMB OF THE BAT: LEFT SIDE, ANTERIOR SURFACE 20
9. ANTERIOR LIMB OF THE SEAL: LEFT SIDE, EXTERNAL SURFACE 21
10. SITUATION AND DIRECTION OF THE SCAPULA IN THE HUMAN BEING,
THE TRUNK BEING HORIZONTAL, AS IN QUADRUPEDS. VERTICAL AND
TRANSVERSE SECTION OF THE THORAX (DIAGRAMMATIC FIGURE) 22
11. POSITION AND DIRECTION OF THE SCAPULA IN QUADRUPEDS.
VERTICAL AND TRANSVERSE SECTION OF THE THORAX (DIAGRAMMATIC
FIGURE) 22
12. LEFT SCAPULA OF THE HUMAN BEING, POSTERIOR SURFACE, PLACED
IN THE POSITION WHICH IT WOULD OCCUPY IN THE SKELETON OF A
QUADRUPED 23
13. LEFT SCAPULA OF A HORSE: EXTERNAL SURFACE 23
14. VERTICAL AND TRANSVERSE SECTION, AT THE SITE OF THE
SHOULDERS, OF THE THORAX OF THE HORSE (DIAGRAMMATIC FIGURE) 24
15. VERTICAL AND TRANSVERSE SECTION, AT THE PLANE OF THE
SHOULDERS, OF THE THORAX OF THE DOG (DIAGRAMMATIC FIGURE) 24
16. LEFT CLAVICLE OF THE CAT: SUPERIOR SURFACE (NATURAL SIZE) 26
17. CLAVICLE OF THE DOG (NATURAL SIZE) 26
18. SKELETON OF THE SHOULDER OF A BIRD (VULTURE): ANTERO-
EXTERNAL VIEW OF THE LEFT SIDE 27
19. INFERIOR EXTREMITY OF THE LEFT HUMERUS OF A FELIDAE (LION) 31
20. INFERIOR EXTREMITY OF THE LEFT HUMAN HUMERUS, SHOWING THE
PRESENCE OF A SUPRATROCHLEAR PROCESS 31
21. SKELETON OF A BIRD (VULTURE): LEFT SURFACE 33
22. THE HUMAN HAND RESTING FOR ITS WHOLE EXTENT ON ITS PALMAR
SURFACE: LEFT SIDE, EXTERNAL SURFACE 35
23. THE HUMAN HAND RESTING ON ITS PHALANGES: LEFT SIDE, EXTERNAL
SURFACE 36
24. THE HUMAN HAND RESTING ON THE TIPS OF SOME OF ITS THIRD
PHALANGES: LEFT SIDE, EXTERNAL VIEW 36
25. SUPERIOR EXTREMITY OF THE BONES OF THE HUMAN FOREARM: LEFT
SIDE, SUPERIOR SURFACE 39
26. SUPERIOR EXTREMITY OF THE BONES OF THE FOREARM OF A DOG:
LEFT LIMB, SUPERIOR SURFACE 39
27. SUPERIOR EXTREMITY OF THE BONES OF THE FOREARM OF THE HORSE:
LEFT LIMB, SUPERIOR SURFACE 40
28. INFERIOR EXTREMITY OF THE BONES OF THE FOREARM OF A MAN:
LEFT SIDE, POSTERIOR SURFACE, POSITION OF SUPINATION 41
29. INFERIOR EXTREMITY OF THE BONES OF THE FOREARM OF A DOG:
LEFT SIDE, ANTERIOR SURFACE, NORMAL POSITION--THAT IS, THE
POSITION OF PRONATION 41
30. INFERIOR EXTREMITY OF THE BONE OF THE FOREARM OF THE HORSE:
LEFT SIDE, ANTERIOR SURFACE 42
31. SKELETON OF THE SUPERIOR LIMB OF A BIRD (VULTURE): LEFT
SIDE, EXTERNAL SURFACE 47
32. SUPERIOR LIMB OF THE HUMAN BEING, THE DIFFERENT SEGMENTS
BEING PLACED IN THE ATTITUDE WHICH THE CORRESPONDING PARTS
OCCUPY IN BIRDS: LEFT SIDE, EXTERNAL SURFACE 48
33. SKELETON OF THE BEAR: LEFT LATERAL SURFACE 50
34. SKELETON OF THE DOG: LEFT LATERAL SURFACE 52
35. SCAPULA OF THE DOG: LEFT SIDE, EXTERNAL SURFACE 53
36. LEFT SCAPULA OF THE CAT: EXTERNAL SURFACE 53
37. SKELETON OF THE FINGER OF A FELIDE (LION): LEFT SIDE,
INTERNAL SURFACE 57
38. SKELETON OF THE PIG: LEFT LATERAL SURFACE 58
39. SKELETON OF THE OX: LEFT LATERAL SURFACE 61
40. SKELETON OF THE HORSE: LEFT LATERAL SURFACE 64
41. FLEXION OF THE HUMERUS: RIGHT ANTERIOR LIMB OF THE HORSE,
EXTERNAL SURFACE (AFTER A CHROMOPHOTOGRAPHIC STUDY BY
PROFESSOR MAREY) 74
42. EXTENSION OF THE HUMERUS: RIGHT ANTERIOR LIMB OF THE HORSE,
EXTERNAL SURFACE (AFTER A CHROMOPHOTOGRAPHIC STUDY BY
PROFESSOR MAREY) 74
43. THE LEFT ILIAC BONE OF THE HUMAN BEING: EXTERNAL SURFACE,
PLACED IN THE POSITION WHICH IT WOULD OCCUPY IN THE SKELETON
OF A QUADRUPED 79
44. LEFT ILIAC BONE OF A QUADRUPED (HORSE): EXTERNAL SURFACE 79
45. PUBIC REGION OF THE PELVIS OF A MARSUPIAL (PHALANGER, FOX) 81
46. PELVIS OF A BIRD (THE COCK): EXTERNAL SURFACE, LEFT SIDE 82
47. POSTERIOR LIMB OF THE HORSE PLACED IN THE POSITION WHICH IT
SHOULD OCCUPY IF THE ANIMAL WERE A PLANTIGRADE: LEFT LIMB,
EXTERNAL SURFACE 89
48. SKELETON OF THE FOOT OF A BIRD (THE COCK): LEFT SIDE,
EXTERNAL SURFACE 90
49. PELVIS OF THE DOG, SEEN FROM ABOVE 91
50. PELVIS OF A FELIDE (LION), VIEWED FROM ABOVE 92
51. PELVIS OF THE OX: SUPERIOR SURFACE 95
52. TARSUS OF THE OX: POSTERIOR LEFT LIMB, ANTERO-EXTERNAL
SURFACE 97
53. PELVIS OF THE HORSE: SUPERIOR SURFACE 101
54. TARSUS OF THE HORSE: LEFT POSTERIOR LIMB, ANTERIOR SURFACE 104
55. EXTENSION OF THE LEG: RIGHT POSTERIOR LIMB OF THE HORSE,
EXTERNAL SURFACE (AFTER A CHRONOGRAPHIC STUDY BY PROFESSOR
MAREY) 107
56. HUMAN SKULL: MEASURE OF THE FACIAL ANGLE BY THE METHOD OF
CAMPER. ANGLE BAC = 80 deg. 110
57. SKULL OF THE HORSE: MEASURE OF THE FACIAL ANGLE BY THE
METHOD OF CAMPER. ANGLE BAC = 13 deg. 110
58. SKULL OF ONE OF THE FELIDAE (JAGUAR): LEFT LATERAL ASPECT 113
59. SKULL OF THE LION: LEFT LATERAL ASPECT 113
60. SKULL OF THE DOG: LEFT LATERAL ASPECT 115
61. SKULL OF THE PIG: LEFT LATERAL ASPECT 117
62. SKULL OF THE OX: LEFT LATERAL ASPECT 119
63. SKULL OF THE HORSE: LEFT LATERAL ASPECT 121
64. SKULL OF THE HARE: LEFT LATERAL ASPECT 123
65. SKULL OF THE COCK: LEFT LATERAL SURFACE 128
66. MYOLOGY OF THE HORSE: ANTERIOR ASPECT OF THE TRUNK 132
67. MYOLOGY OF THE HORSE: INFERIOR ASPECT OF THE TRUNK 135
68. MYOLOGY OF THE DOG: SUPERFICIAL LAYER OF MUSCLES 141
69. MYOLOGY OF THE OX: SUPERFICIAL LAYER OF MUSCLES 143
70. MYOLOGY OF THE HORSE: SUPERFICIAL LAYER OF MUSCLES 146
71. MYOLOGY OF THE HORSE: PANNICULUS MUSCLE OF THE TRUNK 148
72. MYOLOGY OF THE HORSE--SHOULDER AND ARM: LEFT SIDE, EXTERNAL
SURFACE 166
73. MYOLOGY OF THE DOG: LEFT ANTERIOR LIMB, EXTERNAL ASPECT 178
74. MYOLOGY OF THE OX: LEFT ANTERIOR LIMB, EXTERNAL ASPECT 180
75. MYOLOGY OF THE HORSE: LEFT ANTERIOR LIMB, EXTERNAL ASPECT 182
76. MYOLOGY OF THE DOG: LEFT ANTERIOR LIMB, INTERNAL ASPECT 190
77. MYOLOGY OF THE HORSE: ANTERIOR LIMB, LEFT SIDE, INTERNAL
ASPECT 192
78. LEFT ANTERIOR LIMB OF THE HORSE: INTERNAL ASPECT 194
79. LEFT ANTERIOR LIMB OF THE HORSE: EXTERNAL ASPECT 196
80. LEFT ANTERIOR LIMB OF THE HORSE: EXTERNAL ASPECT 196
81. DIAGRAM OF THE POSTERIOR PART OF A TRANSVERSE SECTION
PASSING THROUGH THE MIDDLE OF THE LEFT FORE-LIMB OF THE DOG:
SURFACE OF THE INFERIOR SEGMENT OF THE SECTION 198
82. DIAGRAM OF A HORIZONTAL SECTION OF THE MIDDLE OF THE FOREARM
OF THE LEFT LEG OF THE HORSE: SURFACE OF THE INTERIOR
SEGMENT OF THE SECTION 198
83. MYOLOGY OF THE HORSE: THE ANTERIOR TIBIAL MUSCLE (FLEXOR OF
THE METATARSUS), LEFT LEG, ANTERIOR VIEW 214
84. MYOLOGY OF THE DOG: LEFT HIND-LIMB, EXTERNAL ASPECT 216
85. MYOLOGY OF THE OX: LEFT LEG, EXTERNAL ASPECT 218
86. MYOLOGY OF THE HORSE: LEFT HIND-LIMB, EXTERNAL ASPECT 220
87. MYOLOGY OF THE DOG: LEFT HIND-LIMB, INTERNAL ASPECT 222
88. MYOLOGY OF THE HORSE: LEFT HIND-LEG, INTERNAL ASPECT 223
89. MYOLOGY OF THE DOG: MASTICATORY MUSCLES (A DEEPER DISSECTION
THAN THAT SHOWN IN FIG. 90) 233
90. MYOLOGY OF THE DOG: MUSCLES OF THE HEAD 235
91. MYOLOGY OF THE OX: MUSCLES OF THE HEAD 237
92. MYOLOGY OF THE HORSE: MUSCLES OF THE HEAD 239
93. CLAW OF THE DOG: INFERIOR SURFACE 249
94. LEFT HAND OF THE DOG: INFERIOR SURFACE, PLANTAR TUBERCLES 249
95. VERTICAL ANTERO-POSTERIOR SECTION OF THE FOOT OF A HORSE 250
96. THIRD PHALANX OF THE HORSE: LEFT ANTERIOR LIMB, EXTERNAL
SURFACE 251
97. LEFT ANTERIOR FOOT OF THE HORSE: ANTERIOR ASPECT 253
98. LEFT ANTERIOR FOOT OF THE HORSE: EXTERNAL ASPECT 254
99. VERTICAL AND TRANSVERSE SECTION OF A LEFT HUMAN FOOT:
OUTLINE OF THE SURFACE OF THE POSTERIOR SEGMENT OF THIS
SECTION (DIAGRAMMATIC FIGURE) 255
100. INFERIOR SURFACE OF A FORE-HOOF OF THE HORSE: LEFT SIDE 256
101. THIRD PHALANX OF THE HORSE: LEFT ANTERIOR LIMB, INFERIOR
VIEW 257
102. THIRD PHALANX OF THE HORSE: LEFT POSTERIOR LIMB, INFERIOR
VIEW 257
103. INFERIOR SURFACE OF A HIND-HOOF OF A HORSE: LEFT SIDE 258
104. LEFT POSTERIOR FOOT OF A HORSE: EXTERNAL ASPECT 259
105. FOOT OF THE OX: LEFT SIDE, ANTERO-EXTERNAL VIEW 260
106. THE PROPORTIONS OF THE HORSE (AFTER BOURGELAT) 265
107. PROPORTIONS OF THE HORSE (AFTER COLONEL DUHOUSSET) 270
108. PROPORTIONS OF THE HEAD OF THE HORSE, VIEWED IN PROFILE
(AFTER COLONEL DUHOUSSET) 274
109. THE SAME DESIGN AS THAT OF FIG. 108, ON WHICH WE HAVE
INDICATED, BY SIMILAR LINES, THE PRINCIPAL CORRESPONDING
MEASUREMENTS 275
110. PROPORTIONS OF THE HEAD OF THE HORSE, SEEN FROM THE FRONT
(AFTER COLONEL DUHOUSSET) 276
111. THE SAME FIGURE AS FIG. 110, ON WHICH WE HAVE MARKED, BY
SIMILAR LINES, THE PRINCIPAL MEASUREMENTS WHICH CORRESPOND
THERETO 277
112. HORSE OF WHICH THE LENGTH CONTAINS MORE THAN TWO AND A HALF
TIMES THAT OF THE HEAD, AND OF WHICH THIS DIMENSION (A, B)
EXCEEDS THE HEIGHT 279
113. HORSE OF WHICH THE LENGTH CONTAINS MORE THAN TWO AND A HALF
TIMES THAT OF THE HEAD, AND OF WHICH THIS DIMENSION (A, B)
EXCEEDS THE HEIGHT 280
114. HORSE OF WHICH THE LENGTH CONTAINS MORE THAN TWO AND A HALF
TIMES THAT OF THE HEAD, AND OF WHICH THIS DIMENSION (A, B)
IS INFERIOR TO THE HEIGHT 281
115. EXPERIMENTAL SHOES, INTENDED TO RECORD THE PRESSURE OF THE
FOOT ON THE GROUND 284
116. RUNNER FURNISHED WITH THE EXPLORATORY AND REGISTERING
APPARATUS OF THE VARIOUS PACES 285
117. TRACING OF THE RUNNING OF A MAN (AFTER PROFESSOR MAREY) 286
118. NOTATION OF A TRACING OF THE RUNNING OF A MAN (AFTER
PROFESSOR MAREY) 287
119. NOTATION OF VARIOUS MODES OF PROGRESSION OF A MAN (AFTER
PROFESSOR MAREY) 287
120. SWING OF THE RAISED ANTERIOR LIMB (AFTER G. COLIN) 289
121. SWING OF THE ANTERIOR LIMB ON THE POINT OF PRESSURE (AFTER
G. COLIN) 290
122. POSTERIOR LIMB, GIVING THE IMPULSE (AFTER G. COLIN) 291
123. NOTATION OF THE AMBLING GAIT IN THE HORSE (AFTER PROFESSOR
MAREY) 292
124. THE AMBLE: RIGHT LATERAL PRESSURE 293
125. NOTATION OF THE GAIT OF THE TROT IN A HORSE (AFTER PROFESSOR
MAREY) 294
126. THE TROT: RIGHT DIAGONAL PRESSURE 295
127. THE TROT: TIME OF SUSPENSION 295
128. NOTATION OF THE PACE OF STEPPING IN THE HORSE (AFTER
PROFESSOR MAREY) 296
129. THE STEP: RIGHT LATERAL PRESSURE 297
130. THE STEP: RIGHT DIAGONAL PRESSURE 297
131. THE GALLOP: FIRST PERIOD 298
132. THE GALLOP: SECOND PERIOD 298
133. THE GALLOP: THIRD PERIOD 299
134. THE GALLOP: TIME OF SUSPENSION 299
135. NOTATION OF THE GALLOP DIVIDED INTO THREE PERIODS OF TIME
(AFTER PROFESSOR MAREY) 300
136. NOTATION OF THE GALLOP OF FOUR PERIODS IN THE HORSE (AFTER
PROFESSOR MAREY) 300
137. LEAP OF THE HARE (AFTER G. COLIN) 301
138. THE LEAP 302
139. THE LEAP 302
140. THE LEAP 303
141. THE LEAP 303
142. THE LEAP 305
143. THE LEAP 305

THE ARTISTIC ANATOMY OF ANIMALS