Chapter II: Part I: The Celestial Sphere

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Definition of Astronomy—Fundamental Law of the 3-64
Stars—Relations of the Earth to the
Universe—Ordinary Appearance of the Sky—The
Horizon, the Zenith, and the Meridian—Locating
the Stars—Altitude and Azimuth—Circular or
Angular Measure—Altitude Circles and Vertical
Circles—The Apparent Motion of the Heavens—The
North Star and Phenomena Connected with
it—Revolution of the Stars round the
Pole—Locating the Stars on the Celestial
Sphere—Astronomical Equivalents of Latitude and
Longitude—Parallels of Declination and Hour
Circles—“The Greenwich of the Sky”—Effects
Produced by Changing the Observer's Place on the
Earth—The Parallel Sphere, the Right Sphere, and
the Oblique Sphere—The Astronomical Clock—The
Ecliptic—Apparent Annual Revolution of the Sun
round the Earth—Inclination of the Ecliptic to
the Equator: its Cause and its Effects—The
Equinoxes—Importance of the Vernal Equinox—The
Equinoctial Colure—The Solstices—Poles of the
Ecliptic—Celestial Latitude and Longitude—The
Zodiac—The Precession of the Equinoxes: its
Cause and Effects—Revolution of the Celestial
Poles—Past and Future Pole Stars

PART II—THE EARTH.

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Nature, Shape, and Size of the Earth—The Polar 67-123
Compression and Equatorial Protuberance, and
their Cause—The Attraction of Gravitation—The
Mass of the Earth: how Found—How the Earth Holds
the Moon, and the Sun the Planets—The Tides—How
the Moon and Sun Produce Tides—Spring Tides and
Neap Tides—The Atmosphere—The Law and Effects of
Refraction—Dip of the Horizon—The Aberration of
Light—Time: how Measured—Sidereal, Apparent
Solar, and Mean Solar Time—The Clock and the
Sun—Day and Night—Where the Days Begin—The
Seasons—Effects of the Varying Declination of
the Sun—Polar and Equatorial Day and Night—The
Tropics and the Polar Circles—Inequality of
Length of the Seasons—When the Seasons in the
Two Hemispheres will be Reversed—The Calendar,
the Year, and the Month—Reformations of the
Calendar—Different Measures of the Month