Chapter II: Part 2

Miller (1955a:163) reported _Z. m. marginella_ as occurring commonly in the desert border and lower canyons at the base of the mountains of the Sierra del Carmen, "but it occasionally ranged up to 6000 feet in openings in the pine-oak belt." Burleigh and Lowery (1942:189) remarked that this dove was fairly plentiful in the open desert country "about Saltillo, and was ... noted in small numbers in Diamante Valley on April 17 and 19;" they also said that the Mourning Dove was not seen above an elevation of about 7500 feet. Sutton and Burleigh (1939a:29) observed Mourning Doves along the highway across southern Coahuila. Mourning Doves were seen by Findley 2 mi. W Jimenez, 850 feet, on June 19, 1952, and 2 mi. S and 11 mi. E Nava, 810 feet, on June 15, 1952. Dickerman saw one in the Sierra del Pino on May 12, 1954. Findley saw more than one 2 mi. S and 3 mi. E San Juan de Sabinas on June 22, 1952, as did Dickerman at San Marcos (=20 mi. S Cuatro Cienegas) on May 4, 1954.

**_Columbigallina passerina_ (Linnaeus).--The Ground Dove seems to be uncommon in Coahuila. Van Tyne and Sutton (1937:34) saw a single Ground Dove fly across the Rio Grande into Coahuila at Lajitas, Texas, on May 10. Findley saw one 2 mi. S and 3 mi. E San Juan de Sabinas on June 22, 1952.

**_Scardafella inca_ (Lesson).--The Inca Dove has been recorded from two localities in Coahuila. Hellmayr and Conover (1942:510) listed it from Sabinas. Burleigh and Lowery (1942:189) collected a male and female on April 16 and 19, respectively, "outside the city limits of Saltillo."

_Leptotila verreauxi angelica_ Bangs and Penard.--_Specimens examined:_ total 2: [Male] [Male] 31026-31027 (skeletons only) from 4 mi. W Hacienda La Mariposa, 2300 ft., March 25, 1952.

The White-fronted Dove seems to be uncommon in Coahuila. Hellmayr and Conover (1942:570) listed _L. v. angelica_ from Sabinas.

**_Rhynchopsitta pachyrhyncha terrisi_ Moore.--_Specimens examined:_ total 4: [Male] [Male] 31531-31532 from 13 mi. E San Antonio de las Alazanas, 9345 ft., April 10, 1954, weights, 391.5 and 467.5 gms.; [Female] 31533 from 13 mi. E San Antonio de las Alazanas, 10,000 ft., April 10, 1954, weight, 466 gms.; and sex ? 31534 from Mesa de las Tablas, June, 1951.

The Thick-billed Parrot occurs in the southeastern section of the State, where it is fairly common. Moore (1947:27-28) described this parrot as _Rhynchopsitta terrisi_: he thought it differed decidedly from _Rhynchopsitta pachyrhyncha_. However, Hardy and Dickerman (1955:305-306) decided that uniting the two forms as a single species better expresses their relationship.

Burleigh and Lowery (1942:189) reported seeing a small flock of Thick-billed Parrots on the summit of Diamante Pass. Dickerman, in his field notes, wrote that at a place 13 mi. E San Antonio de las Alazanas, 9345 feet, a large flock of about 300 birds was in a spruce-fir-pine-aspen association.

*_Coccyzus americanus americanus_ (Linnaeus).--_Specimens examined:_ total 2: [Male] [Male] 32037-32038 from 12 mi. N, 12 mi. W Jimenez, 850 ft., June 19, 1952, measurements: wing, 141, 146 mm.; tail, 142, 149 mm.; tarsus, 27, 27 mm.; culmen, 25, 24 mm.

In Coahuila, the Yellow-billed Cuckoo seems to be uncommon. It occurs in the northeastern section of the State, in the Gulf Coastal Plain (Baker, 1956:128), and probably breeds there. One subspecies, _americanus_, has been recorded from Coahuila.

According to Ridgway (1916:13-17) the difference between _C. a. americanus_ and _C. a. occidentalis_ is size. His (_loc. cit._) average measurements of males of _occidentalis_ are: wing, 149.6 mm.; tail, 147.1 mm.; tarsus, 26.7 mm.; and culmen, 27.7 mm. whereas average measurements given by him of males of _americanus_ are: wing, 143.6 mm.; tail, 140.7 mm.; tarsus, 25.2 mm.; and culmen, 26.4 mm. Van Tyne and Sutton (1937:35) question the value of maintaining the subspecies _occidentalis_, because individuals of _americanus_ and _occidentalis_ are almost impossible to tell apart. Friedmann, Griscom, and Moore (1950:132) stated that _americanus_ occurs in eastern North America whereas _occidentalis_ occurs in western North America. If the subspecies _occidentalis_ exists, then Nos. 32037 and 32038 are, by size, _americanus_ and No. 32038 is an intergrade between the two subspecies (or a large individual of _americanus_).

The Yellow-billed Cuckoo was seen also by Findley 2 mi. S and 3 mi. E San Juan de Sabinas on June 22, 1952, and by Dickerson at Torreon on July 2, 1955. The sizes of the testes of the birds from 12 mi. N and 12 mi. W Jimenez (9, 10 mm. long) and the date (June 19) on which they occurred there indicate that the birds possibly were breeding.

_Coccyzus erythropthalmus_ (Wilson).--Miller (1955a:163) reported a migrant Black-billed Cuckoo taken in the maples and basswood near a water hole in the bottom of Boquillas Canyon in the Sierra del Carmen, 5200 feet, on April 22. Friedmann, Griscom, and Moore (1950:132) reported that this cuckoo is presumably a regular transient in Mexico, but generally overlooked.

*_Geococcyx californianus_ (Lesson).--_Specimen examined:_ one, [Female] 32049, from 8 mi. N, 2 mi. W Piedras Negras, June 18, 1952.

Miller (1955a:163) heard several Roadrunners calling at Boquillas Canyon in the Sierra del Carmen, where he obtained two females. Burleigh and Lowery (1942:190) stated that the species proved to be "unexpectedly scarce" and was noted but once by them on April 22 when a single bird was observed in "the open desert west of Saltillo." Sutton and Burleigh (1939a:30) noted that the Roadrunner was not common anywhere in southern Coahuila; they obtained one female at San Pedro on January 29. The size of the largest ovum (15 mm. in diameter) of No. 32040 indicates that this species breeds in Coahuila.

*_Crotophaga sulcirostris sulcirostris_ Swainson.--_Specimen examined:_ one, [Female] 32039, from 2 mi. S, 3 mi. E San Juan de Sabinas, June 22, 1952.

No. 32039, obtained by Harrison B. Tordoff in a cypress woods along the shore of a lagoon, provides the first record of the Groove-billed Ani in Coahuila. The size of its largest ovum (10 mm. in diameter) and the date indicate breeding by this species in Coahuila.

**_Tyto alba pratincola_ (Bonaparte).--The Barn Owl seems to be uncommon in Coahuila. To my knowledge, there are two records of the Barn Owl in Coahuila. Ridgway (1914:607) recorded this owl at the "head of Las Vacas Creek." Miller (1955a:163) heard the Barn Owl at 5000 feet in the oak belt on April 25 in the Sierra del Carmen.

*_Otus asio suttoni_ Moore.--_O. a. suttoni_ is found in the higher country of the Sierra del Carmen and western Coahuila. Miller (1955a:163) stated that Screech Owls were common in groves of oaks both at 7000 feet and 5000 feet in the Sierra del Carmen, and remarked that his series from the Sierra del Carmen matched well a series of _suttoni_ from Chihuahua and Durango. Miller (1955a:163-164) also stated that Marsh took an adult at Jardin del Sur on August 28 and said that the specimen from the Sierra del Carmen referred to as _cineraceus_ by Marsh and Stevenson (1938:286) agreed well with his series of _suttoni_. _O. a. suttoni_ probably occurs no farther east than the Sierra del Carmen.

**_Otus asio mccallii_ (Cassin).--_Specimens examined:_ total 2: [Male] 32041 from 2 mi. W Jimenez, 850 ft., June 20, 1952; and sex ? 31645 from La Gacha, 1600 ft., December 9, 1953.

Three subspecies of the Screech Owl, _Otus asio_, occur in northeastern Mexico; two of these, _suttoni_ and _mccallii_, occur in Coahuila, the latter in the eastern part. The third subspecies, _O. a. semplei_, occurs still farther east, for example in the state of Nuevo Leon on the Mesa del Chipinque 6 miles south of Monterrey (Sutton and Burleigh, 1939b:174).

Nos. 31645 and 32041 differ from _semplei_ in that the tops of their heads do not appear to be solid blackish brown at a distance of four to five feet and in that the dark streakings of their backs and scapulars are not so heavy as in _semplei_. The mentioned specimens are brownish, not more black and white throughout as in _suttoni_ nor are their toes heavily feathered (see Moore, 1941:154).

Findley observed a Screech Owl 2 mi. S and 3 mi. E San Juan de Sabinas on June 22, 1952. La Gacha would seem to represent the western extent of _mccallii_ in Coahuila. _O. a. mccallii_ and _suttoni_ probably intergrade along the eastern slope of the Sierra del Carmen. Tordoff took No. 32041 near a tree that contained three young Screech Owls.

*_Otus flammeolus flammeolus_ (Kaup).--_Specimens examined:_ total 2: [Male] 31600 from 20 mi. S Ocampo, 6000 ft., April 4, 1954; and [Male] 31581 from 13 mi. E San Antonio de las Alazanas, 9345 ft., April 9, 1954.

Miller (1955a:163) collected seven Flammulated Owls in the pines and oaks at 7000 feet in Carboneras Canyon and said that these owls were common there. Nos. 31600 and 31581 are suffused with cinnamoneous pigmentation, but represent the grayish phase, as described by Ridgway (1914:729). Van Hoose (1955:302) previously recorded Nos. 31600 and 31581 from Coahuila.

*_Bubo virginianus pallescens_ Stone.--_Specimens examined:_ total 2: [Female] 32042 from 2 mi. S, 12 mi. E Nava, June 15, 1952; measurements: wing, 367 mm.; tail, 233 mm.; culmen, 29 mm.; and [Male] 31677 from 1.5 mi. NE Las Margaritas, 3100 ft., May 31, 1954; measurements: wing, 345 mm.; tail, 213 mm.; culmen, 26 mm.; testes, 8 mm. long.

Miller (1955a:164) took a male Great Horned Owl in the Sierra del Carmen on April 22. Ridgway (1914:742) listed _B. v. pallescens_ from Sabinas. Sutton and Burleigh (1939a:30) obtained a female "near San Pedro" on January 29. Friedmann, Griscom, and Moore (1950:143) recorded _B. v. pallescens_ from Coahuila on February 24, May 26, and June 10. The record of _B. v. mayensis_ from Las Delicias (Amadon and Phillips, 1947:578) has been reidentified by Webster and Orr (1958:141) as _B. v. pallescens_. Dickerman saw a Great Horned Owl in the Sierra del Pino on May 12,1954.

*_Glaucidium gnoma californicum_ Sclater.--_Specimen examined:_ one, [Male] 31582, from 20 mi. S Ocampo, 6500 ft., April 5, 1954, weight, 55 gms.

Concerning forms of Pygmy Owls, Miller (1955a:164) remarked that the best distinguishing characters of _G. g. gnoma_ and _californicum_ are tail length and wing length. The characters of No. 31582 (wing, 94 mm.; tail, 69 mm.) are clearly those of _californicum_ and not those of _gnoma_. Miller (_loc. cit._) remarked that he "encountered at least five different individuals, chiefly in the pine-oak at 7000 feet" and one in oaks and pinons at 5000 feet in Boquillas Canyon of the Sierra del Carmen. The size of the testes (left, 9x5 mm.; right, 7x4 mm.) of No. 31582 indicates good probability of breeding by the Pygmy Owl in the State.

**_Micrathene whitneyi_ (Cooper).--Miller (1955a:164) heard the Elf Owl at close range in oaks at 5000 feet in Boquillas Canyon of the Sierra del Carmen on April 24.

**_Speotyto cunicularia hypugaea_ (Bonaparte).--_Specimens examined:_ total 3: [Female] 32043 from 3 mi. S, 9 mi. E Cuatro Cienegas, 2250 ft., June 30, 1952; [Male] 32653 from 6 mi. W San Antonio de las Alazanas, July 5, 1955; and [Male] 31602 from 14 mi. W San Antonio de las Alazanas, 6500 ft., January 7, 1954.

Although there are no records in Coahuila of specimens of Burrowing Owls north of 3 mi. S and 9 mi. E Cuatro Cienegas, this owl probably occurs in the northern section of the State. The records of Burrowing Owls from the southern part of Brewster County, Texas (Van Tyne and Sutton, 1937:38), suggest such occurrence. No. 31602 was shot in a prairie dog colony; No. 32043 was captured in a steel trap. Baker saw Burrowing Owls 7 mi. S and 4 mi. E Bella Union, 7200 feet, on June 25, 1952.

*_Caprimulgus vociferus arizonae_ (Brewster).--_Specimens examined:_ total 4: [Male] 31449 and [Female] 31450 from Sierra del Pino (=5 mi. S, 3 mi. W Acebuches), May 12 and 15, 1954, weights, 48 and 42 gms.; and [Male] [Male] 31028-31029 from 2 mi. N, 18 mi. W Santa Teresa, 7250 ft., April 3, 1952.

The Whip-poor-will occurs between 5000 feet and 9000 feet in Coahuila. Miller (1955a:164) reported _C. v. arizonae_ in the Sierra del Carmen. Ridgway (1914:521) stated that _Antrostomus vociferus macromystax_ (=_C. v. arizonae_) occurs in the southeastern sector of Coahuila at Sierra Guadalupe. Burleigh and Lowery (1942:190) reported the Whip-poor-will "near the summit of Diamante Pass"; because of its size (wing, 170 mm.; tail, 135 mm.) this Whip-poor-will from Diamante Pass seems to represent the subspecies _arizonae_. Dickerman saw four Whip-poor-wills 20 mi. S Ocampo, 6000 feet, on April 4, 1954. The sizes of the testes of Nos. 31449, 31028, and 31029 (13, 12, and 13 mm. long) and an egg taken from No. 31450 indicate breeding by this species in the State.

*_Phalaenoptilus nuttallii nuttallii_ (Audubon).--_Specimens examined:_ total 6: [Male] 31032 from 37 mi. S, 21 mi. E Boquillas, 4100 ft., March 12, 1952; [Male] 31446 and [Female] 31447 from Sierra del Pino (=5 mi. S, 3 mi. W Acebuches), 6200 ft., May 13, 1954; [Male] [Male] 32048-32049 from 2 mi. S, 11 mi. E Nava, June 16, 1952; and [Female] 31033 from 4 mi. W Hacienda La Mariposa, 2300 ft., March 26, 1952.

Miller (1955a:164) found the Poor-will common along the rocky canyon walls up to 5000 feet in the Sierra del Carmen. Ridgway (1914:550) recorded the Poor-will at Sabinas on May 21 and at Saltillo on May 6. Van Tyne and Sutton (1937:39) stated that _P. n. nuttallii_ was not common in the Big Bend Country of Texas; this probably is true for northwestern Coahuila as well. The specimens from the Sierra del Pino, collected by Dickerman in a pine-oak association at 6200 feet, were taken near the upper limit of their range. Findley saw Poor-wills 2 mi. W Jimenez, 850 feet, on June 19, 1952; 2 mi. S and 11 mi. E Nava, 810 feet, on June 15, 1952; and 2 mi. S and 3 mi. E San Juan de Sabinas on June 22, 1952. Dickerman noted Poor-wills 16 mi. E and 18 mi. N Ocampo on May 7, 1954, and 20 mi. S Ocampo, 6000 feet, on April 4, 1954.

The size of the testes (9x5 mm.) of No. 31446 and an enlarged oviduct and an ovum (4 mm. in diameter) of No. 31447 indicate breeding by the Poor-will in Coahuila.

**_Chordeiles minor howelli_ Oberholser.--_Specimen examined:_ one, [Male] 31443, from 3 mi. N, 4 mi. E San Francisco (=25 mi. N Ocampo), 4850 ft., May 16, 1954.

Van Hoose (1955:302) wrote that nighthawks were heard and seen frequently 3 mi. N and 4 mi. E San Francisco. Blake (1953:227) said that the Common Nighthawk breeds in Sonora, Chihuahua, Tamaulipas, and Durango; the size of the testes (7x4.5 mm.) of No. 31443 indicates the possibility of breeding by this species in the State.

*_Chordeiles acutipennis texensis_ Lawrence.--_Specimens examined:_ total 4: [Male] 32044 and [Female] 32045 from 2 mi. W Jimenez, 850 ft., June 20, 1952; [Female] 31442 from 5 mi. N, 13 mi. E Ocampo, May 6, 1954; and [Male] 32046 from 2 mi. N, 1 mi. W Ocampo, 4050 ft., July 6, 1952.

Specimens of the Lesser Nighthawk, subspecies _C. a. texensis_, have been recorded in the literature from representative localities throughout most of Coahuila. Burleigh and Lowery (1942:190-191) obtained, on April 18, at "a small pond at the edge of Saltillo," one male that was exceedingly fat; they (_loc. cit._) suggested that their specimen was a migrant. Goldman (1951:377, 389) stated that _C. a. texensis_ occupied the Lower and Upper Sonoran and Upper Austral life-zones of Coahuila. Dickerman saw Lesser Nighthawks at San Marcos (=20 mi. S Cuatro Cienegas) on May 4, 1954. Van Tyne and Sutton (1937:41) reported that the Lesser Nighthawk was common throughout the lower parts of the Big Bend in Texas. This is probably true for northwestern Coahuila as well.

The presence of an egg in the oviduct of No. 32045 and the dates (May 6, June 20, and July 6) on which Nos. 31442, and 32044-32046 were obtained indicate breeding by this species in Coahuila.

**_Aeronautes saxatalis saxatalis_ (Woodhouse).--_Specimen examined:_ one, [Male] 31672, from Pico de Jimulco, 5600 ft., April 5, 1953, weight, 35 gms.

Burleigh and Lowery (1942:191) found the White-throated Swift to be common at "the summit of Diamante Pass and on the nearby ridges." Miller (1955a:164) saw the species from 4800 feet up to the crest of the Sierra del Carmen. Several White-throated Swifts were seen flying overhead at Pico de Jimulco on April 5.

No specimens of _A. s. sclateri_ from Mexico are known. Miller (1955a:165) listed one specimen with dimensions (wing, 145 mm.) that approaches _sclateri_. The measurements of No. 31672 (wing, 143 mm.; tail, 58 mm.) also approach the dimensions of specimens of _sclateri_ but are best referred to _A. s. saxatalis_.

**_Calothorax lucifer_ (Swainson).--Burleigh and Lowery (1942:191) obtained a male Lucifer Hummingbird at the Chorro del Agua on April 19. Van Tyne and Sutton (1937:43) reported a male from the Rio Grande (=3 mi. W Boquillas, Texas).

_Archilochus colubris_ (Linnaeus).--Friedmann, Griscom, and Moore (1950:180) remarked that the Ruby-throated Hummingbird is a moderately common migrant, wintering from sea level to 9350 feet throughout Mexico, except in a few states. The only published record of a specimen of this hummer in the State is of a male taken on April 22 in a small arroyo twenty miles west of Saltillo (Burleigh and Lowery, 1942:191).

*_Archilochus alexandri_ (Bourcier and Mulsant).--_Specimens examined:_ total 2: [Male] 31035 from the Rio Grande (=17 mi. S Dryden, Terrell County, Texas, in Coahuila), 600 ft., March 18, 1952; and [Male] 32052 from 2 mi. S, 11 mi. E Nava, 810 ft., June 16, 1952.

Miller (1955a:165) stated the Black-chinned Hummingbird was common in the desert area at the base of the mountains of the Sierra del Carmen, and that Marsh, on July 25, obtained this hummingbird "near Piedra Blanca (Conejo)." Burleigh and Lowery (1942:191) obtained a female in an arroyo about twenty miles west of Saltillo on April 22.

**_Selasphorus platycercus platycercus_ (Swainson).--_Specimens examined:_ total 2: [Male] 31583 from 20 mi. S Ocampo, 6500 ft., April 4, 1954; and [Female] 32673 from 13 mi. E San Antonio de las Alazanas, 9950 ft., July 6, 1955.

Miller (1955a:165) indicated that the Broad-tailed Hummingbird was fairly common in the Sierra del Carmen. According to Burleigh and Lowery (1942:191) this species is not uncommon in the pine woods bordering the summit of Diamante Pass; they saw the bird between 4900 and 10,000 feet.

*_Eugenes fulgens fulgens_ Boucard.--Miller (1955a:165) obtained a male Rivoli's Hummingbird on Loomis Peak, 8800 feet, on April 11 in the Sierra del Carmen.

**_Lampornis clemenciae clemenciae_ (Lesson).--_Specimens examined:_ total 2: [Male] 31036 from 26 mi. W Santa Teresa, 7050 ft., April 5, 1952; and [Female] 32668 from 13 mi. E San Antonio de las Alazanas, 9950 ft., July 6, 1955.

The Blue-throated Hummingbird occurs between 5000 and 9950 feet in Coahuila. Miller (1955a:165) remarked that it was found in canyon bottoms, "whether at 7500 feet among the rocky slopes, oaks, and white pines ... or at 5000 feet in the madrone, maples, elms, and basswoods...." No. 32668, was obtained in a Douglas fir-pine-aspen association at 9950 feet.

[_Amazilia yucatanensis chalconota_ Oberholser.--The Buff-bellied Hummingbird seems to be uncommon in Coahuila. Friedmann, Griscom, and Moore (1950:172) and the AOU Check-list Committee (1957:306) stated that this hummingbird occurs in Coahuila.]

_Megaceryle alcyon alcyon_ (Linnaeus).--Miller (1955a:165) saw a Belted Kingfisher at Carboneras Canyon in the Sierra del Carmen. Miller, Friedmann, Griscom, and Moore (1957:15) stated that one specimen of _M. a. alcyon_ was obtained in Coahuila on November 14.

**_Chloroceryle americana hachisukai_ (Laubmann).--_Specimens examined:_ total 2: [Female] 32053 from 12 mi. N, 12 mi. W Jimenez, June 19, 1952; and [Female] 31038 from 8 mi. N, 4 mi. W Muzquiz, 1800 ft., March 31, 1952.

The Green Kingfisher has been recorded in Coahuila as far south as 8 mi. N and 4 mi. W Muzquiz. The forehead of No. 31038, when compared with typical representatives of _C. a. hachisukai_, is not extensively streaked with white, nor are all the coverts conspicuously spotted with white, yet it clearly has more extensive white markings than typical representatives of _C. a. septentrionalis_. This specimen from 8 mi. N and 4 mi. W Muzquiz probably is intermediate between _hachisukai_ and _septentrionalis_. Miller (1955a:165) stated that Marsh took a specimen at Tanque de los Melones on La Bavia Ranch east of Fresno Mesa in the Sierra del Carmen that is a typical _C. a. hachisukai_.

_Colaptes cafer collaris_ Vigors.--Ridgway (1914:34) listed this subspecies of the Red-shafted Flicker from Saltillo and Agua Nueva.

*_Colaptes cafer nanus_ Griscom.--_Specimens examined:_ total 3: [Female] 31463 from Sierra del Pino (=5 mi. W, 3 mi. S Acebuches), May 13, 1954, weight, 108 gms.; and [Male] 31651 and [Female] 31652 from the north foot of Sierra Guadalupe (=10 mi. S, 5 mi. W General Cepeda), 6500 ft., April 21, 1953.

In suitable habitats in Coahuila the Red-shafted Flicker is common. Miller (1955a:165-166) stated that _C. c. nanus_ was common at Corte Madera Canyon, Boquillas Canyon, and Carboneras Canyon in the Sierra del Carmen and recorded a specimen also from Sierra de Jardin on August 7. Burleigh and Lowery (1942:192) recorded _C. c. nanus_ from Diamante Pass and Saltillo. Sutton and Burleigh (1939a:31) stated that the Red-shafted Flickers, obtained 5 mi. E La Rosa and at Diamante Pass, may be intermediate between _C. c. collaris_ (then called _C. c. chihuahuae_) and _C. c. nanus_. Nesting of the Red-shafted Flicker in Coahuila was reported by Miller (1955a:165) and Burleigh and Lowery (1942:192). Hardy saw Red-shafted Flickers 13 mi. E San Antonio de las Alazanas on July 6, 1955.

*_Centurus aurifrons aurifrons_ (Wagler).--_Specimens examined:_ total 6: [Male] 32054 from 12 mi. N, 12 mi. W Jimenez, 850 ft., June 19, 1952; [Female] [Female] 32055-32057 from 2 mi. W Jimenez, 850 ft., June 20, 1952; [Female] 31039 from 8 mi. N, 4 mi. W Muzquiz, 1800 ft., April 1, 1952; and [Male] 33150 (skeleton only) from Parras, July 4, 1955.

The Golden-fronted Woodpecker occurs throughout Coahuila, but uncommonly in the western part. Wetmore (1948:185-186) examined a series of Golden-fronted Woodpeckers that showed a definite cline in dorsal coloration from north-central Texas to Jalisco, Michoacan, and Hidalgo in south-central Mexico. He (_loc. cit._) stated that "the extremes are easily separable, but in southern and southwestern Texas and in northeastern Mexico the two kinds [_C. a. aurifrons_ and _C. a. incanescens_] ... merge so gradually that over a broad area the whole population is intermediate, making decisions as to any sharply drawn dividing line difficult and in part arbitrary." _C. a. incanescens_, according to Wetmore, occurs in western and central Texas south to northeastern Chihuahua and northern Coahuila whereas _C. a. aurifrons_ occurs in north-central Coahuila (Monclova) and southern Texas south to Jalisco, Michoacan, Hidalgo, and central Tamaulipas.

The specimens that I have examined from Coahuila are variably intermediate between the subspecies _aurifrons_ and _incanescens_. The dark and white cross-bars on the back of No. 31039 are nearly equal (dark bands wider in _aurifrons_; white bands wider in _incanescens_); the rump and upper tail coverts are more or less mixed with black as in _aurifrons_. The dark cross-bars on the backs of Nos. 32054-32057 are slightly larger than the white cross-bars; the rump and upper tail coverts of these specimens are somewhat mixed with black.

*_Centurus aurifrons incanescens_ Todd.--This subspecies of the Golden-fronted Woodpecker is listed by Miller, Friedmann, Griscom, and Moore (1957:34) from "... northern Coahuila (upper Rio Grande valley)." Burleigh and Lowery (1942:192) stated that the Golden-fronted Woodpecker "apparently avoids the mountain slopes, but was found to be not uncommon on the arid plateau about Saltillo." Findley saw Golden-fronted Woodpeckers 2 mi. W Jimenez, 850 feet, on June 19, 1952; and 2 mi. S and 3 mi. E San Juan de Sabinas on June 22, 1952. Cory (1919:424) listed the Golden-fronted Woodpecker from Sabinas. Nos. 32055-32057 are juveniles, and thus document breeding by this woodpecker in Coahuila.

*_Melanerpes formicivorus formicivorus_ (Swainson).--_Specimens examined:_ total 5: [Male] 31040 (skeleton only) from Fortin (=33 mi. N, 8 mi. W San Geronimo), 3300 ft., March 28, 1952; [Male] 29423 and [Female] 29424 from Club Sierra del Carmen (=2 mi. N, 6 mi. W Piedra Blanca), 4950 ft., April 8, 1950; [Female] 31041 (skeleton only) from 26 mi. W Santa Teresa, 7050 ft., April 5, 1952; and [Female] 31668 from Sierra Guadalupe, Canyon d. Meco (=10 mi. S General Cepeda), 6500 ft., April 23, 1953.

The Acorn Woodpecker in Coahuila is common in the oak and pine-oak belts, from 4950 to 8000 feet. Miller (1955a:166) stated that the Acorn Woodpecker in the Sierra del Carmen was an abundant and conspicuous bird throughout the oak and pine-oak belts, from 5000 to 8000 feet. Dickerman saw two Acorn Woodpeckers in the Sierra de la Madera on December 13, 1953, and four 20 mi. S Ocampo, 6000 feet, on April 4, 1954. Breeding of _M. f. formicivorus_ was reported by Miller (_loc. cit._) who took females nearly ready to begin laying; one of our specimens (No. 29423) had enlarged testes (11 mm.).

_Sphyrapicus varius varius_ (Linnaeus).--_Specimen examined:_ one, [Female] 31649, from the north foot of Sierra Guadalupe (=10 mi. S, 5 mi. W General Cepeda), 6400 ft., April 19, 1953.

Miller (1955a:166) reported this Yellow-bellied Sapsucker as a winter visitant or migrant in the Sierra del Carmen. Burleigh and Lowery (1942:192) took a female _S. v. varius_ at the summit of Diamante Pass on April 14. Ridgway (1914:275) listed _S. v. varius_ from Sierra de Guadalupe.

_Sphyrapicus varius nuchalis_ Baird.--Miller (1955a:166) reported this Yellow-bellied Sapsucker as "indeed common" in the Sierra del Carmen, and indicated that both _S. v. nuchalis_ and _S. v. varius_ were "found only at the upper levels in the pine-oak formation and usually in relatively dense clumps of trees in the canyon bottoms." Ridgway (1914:280) listed _C. v. nuchalis_ from Rio Sabinas.

**_Dendrocopos villosus icastus_ (Oberholser).--Miller, Friedmann, Griscom, and Moore (1957:39) remarked that this subspecies of the Hairy Woodpecker occurs, in northwestern Mexico, from eastern Sonora, Jalisco, Chihuahua, Durango, Zacatecas to southern Coahuila. Ridgway (1914:222) stated that _D. v. icastus_ occurs in Coahuila at Carneros and Sierra de Guadalupe, the former being the easternmost known locality for the subspecies.

**_Dendrocopos villosus intermedius_ (Nelson).--_Specimens examined:_ total 2: [Male] 32701 from 13 mi. E San Antonio de las Alazanas, 9950 ft., July 6, 1955; and [Female] 31604 from 2 mi. E Mesa de Tablas, 8500 ft., January 15, 1954.

In northeastern Mexico this subspecies, according to Miller, Friedmann, Griscom, and Moore (1957:39), occurs in Guanajuato, San Luis Potosi, Hidalgo, Nuevo Leon, and Tamaulipas. Nos. 31604 and 32701 represent the first records of _D. v. intermedius_ from Coahuila.

*_Dendrocopos scalaris cactophilus_ (Oberholser).--_Specimens examined:_ total 2: [Female] 31042 from 7 mi. S, 2 mi. E Boquillas, 800 ft., March 1, 1952; and [Female] 31043 from 10 mi. S, 5 mi. E Boquillas, 1500 ft., March 3, 1952.

These specimens of the Ladder-backed Woodpecker show signs of intergradation with _D. s. symplectus_. Both specimens are pale enough above for _D. s. symplectus_, but the wing and the tail of each (wing, 102, 103 mm.; tail, 60, 65 mm.) are too long for _symplectus_. This suggestion of intergradation is not unexpected because _symplectus_ occurs in northeastern Coahuila and _cactophilus_ in the Chisos Mountains of Texas. Miller (1955a:166) also obtained one female _D. s. cactophilus_ from the Sierra del Carmen that suggested intergradation with _symplectus_.

Miller (_loc. cit._) wrote that _D. c. cactophilus_ was found chiefly in the oaks and was common in the lower oak belt at 5000 feet. The upper limit of the range of the Ladder-backed Woodpecker, according to Miller, is 6800 feet. He reported the species as breeding in the Sierra del Carmen.

Miller (1955b:317) took a hybrid woodpecker representing a cross between _Dendrocopos villosus_ and _Dendrocopos scalaris_ in the Sierra del Carmen, where, although Ladder-backed Woodpeckers were common, he found no Hairy Woodpeckers.

**_Dendrocopos scalaris symplectus_ (Oberholser).--_Specimens examined:_ total 2: [Male] 32058 from 2 mi. W Jimenez, June 20, 1952; and [Male] 31667 from Sierra Guadalupe, Domingo Canyon (=10 mi. S, 14 mi. W General Cepeda), 6700 ft., April 18, 1953.

This Ladder-backed Woodpecker, according to the AOU Check-list Committee (1957:327) and Oberholser (1912:156), occurs in Texas (east of Pecos), northeastern Coahuila, Nuevo Leon, and Tamaulipas. The area of intergradation of _D. s. symplectus_ and _giraudi_ is in southeastern Coahuila. The dark smoky underparts and the equal size of the white and black bars of the upper parts of No. 31667 suggest intergradation with _D. s. giraudi_. Yet, the size of the wing indicates that this specimen is closer to _D. s. symplectus_. No. 32058 has characters of typical representatives of _D. s. symplectus_. Burleigh and Lowery (1942:193) reported _D. s. symplectus_ "in the desert country west of Saltillo." Ridgway (1914:257) listed the Ladder-backed Woodpecker from Sabinas. Cory (1919:494) listed _D. s. symplectus_ from Pabinas (=Sabinas?).

**_Dendrocopos scalaris giraudi_ (Stone).--_Specimen examined:_ one, [Male] 34623, from 12 mi. N, 10 mi. E Parras, 3850 ft., July 12, 1953, weight, 35 gms.

Ridgway (1914:259) reported that _D. s. giraudi_ (then called _Dryobates scalaris bairdi_) has been recorded from La Ventura, Carneros, and Jaral. Oberholser (1912:159) indicated that the subspecies _giraudi_ occurs north to Jaral in southern Coahuila, east to La Ventura in southeastern Coahuila, and south through central Mexico. The present specimen is darker ventrally than specimens of either _D. s. cactophilus_ or _D. s. symplectus_, and on its upper surface the black bars are wider than the white. The specimen is in worn plumage, but nevertheless suggests intergradation with _D. s. symplectus_.

_Platypsaris aglaiae albiventris_ (Lawrence).--The Rose-throated Becard, if it occurs in Coahuila at all, is rare in the State. Without giving any specific locality, Sclater (1857:74) described _Pachyrhamphus aglaiae_ from Coahuila. Hellmayr (1929:202) considered Sclater's record as representing _Platypsaris aglaiae albiventris_ (Lawrence).

*_Tyrannus vociferans vociferans_ (Swainson).--_Specimens examined:_ total 2: [Male] 32064 from 7 mi. S, 4 mi. E Bella Union, 7200 ft., June 24, 1952; and [Female] 31650 from the north foot of Sierra Guadalupe (=10 mi. S, 5 mi. W General Cepeda), 6400 ft., April 15, 1953.

The small number of records of Cassin's Kingbird in Coahuila is surprising, for I would expect the species in most areas of the State between 6000 and 7000 feet. All Coahuilan records are from the southeastern part of the State. Burleigh and Lowery (1942:193) found it "on infrequent occasions in the arid country near Saltillo." Miller, Friedmann, Griscom, and Moore (1957:71) reported that _T. v. vociferans_ nested in Coahuila on July 7. The size of the testes (15x7 mm.) of our specimen from near Bella Union also indicates breeding.

**_Muscivora forficata_ (Gmelin).--_Specimen examined:_ one, [Female] 32063, from 12 mi. N, 12 mi. W Jimenez, 850 ft., June 19, 1952.

The status of the Scissor-tailed Flycatcher in Coahuila is uncertain. Although the condition of the gonads of No. 32063 was not recorded by the collector, the late date (June 19) on which is was obtained suggests that this female was a resident in northeastern Coahuila. Findley saw a Scissor-tailed Flycatcher 2 mi. S and 11 mi. E Nava, 810 feet, on June 15, 1952. Dickerman saw one 4 mi. N San Isidro on May 10, 1954. Miller, Friedmann, Griscom, and Moore (1957:69) recorded this flycatcher from Sabinas on April 12. No other records of _Muscivora forficata_ in Coahuila have come to my attention, but the species probably occurs in the State in migration.

*_Myiarchus crinitus crinitus_ (Linnaeus).--_Specimens examined:_ total 3: [Female] 32065 from 12 mi. N, 12 mi. W Jimenez, 850 ft., June 19, 1952; and [Male] 32066 and [Female] 32067 from 2 mi. W Jimenez, 850 ft., June 20, 1952.

The Great Crested Flycatcher seems to be rare in Coahuila. Nos. 32065-32067 are the first specimens that I know of from Coahuila. Bangs (1898:179-180) said that the subspecies _crinitus_ has an "enormous swollen bill" (exposed culmen of male, 20 mm.; breadth of bill at middle of nostril, 10.3 mm.) whereas _M. c. boreus_ has a "small slender bill" (exposed culmen of male, 18.6 mm.; breadth of bill at middle of nostril, 8.6 mm.). No. 32066 has a large bill (exposed culmen, 21 mm.; breadth of bill at middle of nostril, 10 mm.). Bangs (_loc. cit._) did not give any measurements for females of _M. c. crinitus_ or _boreus_. Nevertheless, I suspect that Nos. 32065 and 32067 represent _crinitus_ (No. 32065: exposed culmen, 19 mm.; breadth of bill at middle of nostril, 9 mm.; No. 32067: exposed culmen, 20 mm.; breadth of bill at middle of nostril, 9.5 mm.). The size of the testes (9 mm. long) of No. 32066 and the dates (June 19 and 20) on which the specimens were collected indicate breeding by this species in the State.

*_Myiarchus tyrannulus cooperi_ Baird.--_Specimens examined:_ total 2: [Male] 32068 and [Female] 32069 from 2 mi. S, 3 mi. E San Juan de Sabinas, 1160 ft., June 22, 1952, measurements: wing, 102, 97 mm.; tail, 93, 90 mm.

Wied's Crested Flycatcher is not common in Coahuila. Eastern Coahuila represents the eastern limit of the range of _M. t. cooperi_. Measurements of our specimens agree well with the average measurements of typical _M. t. cooperi_. According to Ridgway (1907:621), _M. t. cooperi_ (then called _Myiarchus mexicanus mexicanus_) has been recorded from Sabinas. The size of the testes (14x7 mm.) of No. 32068 and the date (June 22) on which the specimens were collected indicate breeding by this species in the State.

*_Myiarchus cinerascens cinerascens_ (Lawrence).--_Specimens examined:_ total 7: [Female] 31045 from 15 mi. SE Boquillas, 1500 ft., March 16, 1952; [Male] 32070 from 12 mi. N, 12 mi. W Jimenez, 850 ft., June 19, 1952; [Female] 32071 from 2 mi. W Jimenez, 850 ft., June 20, 1952; [Male] 35413 from 6 mi. N, 2 mi. W Castillon, 3750 ft., June 30, 1953; [Male] 32072 from 9 mi. S, 11 mi. E Sabinas, June 14, 1952; [Female] 31584 from 17 mi. S Ocampo, 5300 ft., April 7, 1954; and [Male] 31673 from the west foot of Pico de Jimulco, 5000 ft., April 4, 1953.

The Ash-throated Flycatcher is common in Coahuila. All specimens examined by me from there are typical of _M. c. cinerascens_. Ridgway (1907:626) listed _M. c. cinerascens_ from Monclovia (=Monclova?) and Sabinas. Miller (1955a:166) found the species "only in the oak belt at 5000 feet, where it was common." Burleigh and Lowery (1942:193) recorded _M. c. cinerascens_ from "near Saltillo." Dickerman obtained No. 31584 in a mesquite-grassland-shrubby area. Miller, Friedmann, Griscom, and Moore (1957:78) stated that _M. c. cinerascens_ breeds in Coahuila.

_Sayornis phoebe_ (Latham).--Miller, Friedmann, Griscom, and Moore (1957:66) recorded the Eastern Phoebe from Coahuila on November 4-14.

*_Sayornis nigricans semiatra_ (Vigors).--_Specimens examined:_ total 2: [Female] 31046 from 1 mi. N Boquillas, 700 ft., March 7, 1952; and [Female] 31047 from Fortin (=33 mi. N, 8 mi. W San Geronimo), 3300 ft., March 27, 1952.

Of the Black Phoebe, the two subspecies _semiatra_ and _nigricans_ intergrade in Coahuila. Typical representatives of _S. n. semiatra_ are present in northern Coahuila. The under tail coverts of Nos. 31046-31047 are immaculate and white. Miller (1955:167) noted the two specimens collected from the Sierra del Carmen to have narrow dark shaft streaks on the under tail coverts. He (_loc. cit._) remarked also that "the marking of the under tail coverts may indicate a beginning of a gradient in increased darkening of these feathers toward _S. n. nigricans_ in southern Coahuila."

*_Sayornis nigricans nigricans_ (Swainson).--Burleigh and Lowery (1942:193) collected several specimens of _S. n. nigricans_ "on the outskirts of Saltillo" and saw a pair at the Chorro del Agua on April 19.

*_Sayornis saya saya_ (Bonaparte).--_Specimens examined:_ total 4: [Female] 31049 from the Rio Grande (=17 mi. S Dryden, Terrell Co., Texas, in Coahuila), 600 ft., March 18, 1952; sex ? 31048 from 10 mi. S, 5 mi. E Boquillas, 1500 ft., March 4, 1952; [Male] 31050 from Fortin (=33 mi. N, 8 mi. W San Geronimo), 3300 ft., March 29, 1952; and [Female] 32059 from 7 mi. S, 4 mi. E Bella Union, 7200 ft., June 25, 1952.

Say's Phoebe occurs commonly in Coahuila. Miller (1955a:167) obtained a female with an active brood patch in Boquillas Canyon of the Sierra del Carmen, and remarked that Marsh took a juvenile on September 2 at El Rincon. Sutton and Burleigh (1939a:33) saw this phoebe several times in southern Coahuila and obtained a male "near San Pedro" on January 29. Burleigh and Lowery (1942:193) recorded this species as "a common breeding bird both on Diamante Pass and on the arid plateau around Saltillo." No. 32059 was a juvenile.

_Empidonax traillii brewsteri_ Oberholser.--Amadon and Phillips (1947:578) look a Traill Flycatcher of the subspecies _brewsteri_ at Las Delicias on August 11.

_Empidonax minimus_ (Baird and Baird).--_Specimen examined:_ one, [Male] 31470, from Sierra del Pino (=5 mi. S, 3 mi. W Acebuches), 6200 ft., May 13, 1954.

Amadon and Phillips (1947:578) obtained two Least Flycatchers at Las Delicias on August 12. Dickerman took No. 31470 in pine-oak vegetation.

_Empidonax hammondii_ (Xantus).--_Specimen examined:_ one, sex ? 31657, from the north slope of Sierra Guadalupe (=11 mi. S, 7 mi. W General Cepeda), 7800 ft., April 20, 1953.

No. 31657 is similar to _E. wrightii_ (Wright's Flycatcher); however, the outmost (tenth) primary is equal to or slightly larger than the fifth primary. Yet, the underparts of No. 31657 are darker and more uniform in coloration than those of typical representatives of _E. wrightii_. Miller, Friedmann, Griscom, and Moore (1957:88) stated that Hammond's Flycatcher is "transient" in Coahuila. Burleigh and Lowery (1942:193-194) reported that _E. hammondii_ was the most prevalent of the small flycatchers in southeastern Coahuila. They (_loc. cit._) obtained specimens of this flycatcher from the Chorro del Agua and Diamante Pass. Miller (1955a:167) characterized _E. hammondii_ as a common migrant, "chiefly in stands of low oaks in the pine-oak belt but also occasionally in the desert scrub" of the Sierra del Carmen.

_Empidonax wrightii_ Baird.--Amadon and Phillips (1947:578) reported one Wright's Flycatcher from Las Delicias. Miller (1955a:167) stated that this species was a common migrant and occurred chiefly in the lower oak belt and in the desert scrub. Sutton and Burleigh (1939a:34) obtained specimens of _E. wrightii_ from San Pedro on January 29.

_Empidonax griseus_ Brewster.--Sutton and Burleigh (1939a:34) noted that the Gray Flycatcher was common "in the San Pedro region" and collected two at San Pedro on January 29. Burleigh and Lowery (1942:194) collected specimens "near the Chorro del Agua, at Saltillo, and ... in the open desert some twenty miles west of Saltillo."

**_Empidonax affinis trepidus_ Nelson.--_Specimen examined:_ one, [Male] 32750, from 13 mi. E San Antonio de las Alazanas, 9950 ft., July 6, 1955.

Ridgway (1907:576) previously reported the little known and poorly defined Pine Flycatcher from Sierra Guadalupe. Because of its small size (wing, 75 mm.; tail, 65 mm.), No. 32750 is referable to _E. a. trepidus_. No indication of breeding of the subspecies _trepidus_ exists for Coahuila. Nevertheless, the date (July 6) on which No. 32750 was obtained suggests that this flycatcher may breed in southeastern Coahuila.

*_Empidonax difficilis hellmayri_ Brodkorb.--_Specimen examined:_ one, [Male] 31469, from Sierra del Pino (=5 mi. S, 3 mi. W Acebuches), May 13, 1954, measurements: wing, 71 mm.; tail, 65 mm.; culmen, 11.5 mm.; tarsus, 17.0 mm.

Miller (1955a:167) reported that the Western Flycatcher breeds in the Sierra del Carmen, from 6800 to 7500 feet. According to Miller, Friedmann, Griscom, and Moore (1957:91), this subspecies has been recorded from Sierra Guadalupe. No. 31469 closely resembles, especially in measurements, the specimens of the Western Flycatcher from the Chisos Mountains of Texas as reported by Brodkorb (1935:2).

_Empidonax difficilis_ subsp.--Burleigh and Lowery (1942:194) obtained a specimen of _E. difficilis_ "near the summit of Diamante Pass" that they tentatively identified as _E. d. salvini_. However, they considered the specimen as possibly _E. d. immemoratus_ or _E. d. occidentalis_.

Localities listed by Miller, Friedmann, Griscom, and Moore (1957:92) of _E. d. salvini_ and _E. d. immemoratus_ are south of twenty-three degrees north latitude whereas the range of _E. d. occidentalis_ includes parts of Nuevo Leon north of twenty-three degrees north latitude (_occidentalis_ intergrades with _hellmayri_ at Cerro Potosi, Nuevo Leon, [Miller, Friedmann, Griscom, and Moore, _loc. cit._]). Thus, the specimen from Diamante Pass probably is either _E. d. hellmayri_ or _E. d. occidentalis_.

**_Empidonax fulvifrons pygmaeus_ Coues.--Miller, Friedmann, Griscom, and Moore (1957:95) listed this subspecies of the Buff-breasted Flycatcher from the Sierra Guadalupe on April 21. This record represents the eastern limit of the range of _E. f. pygmaeus_ in northeastern Mexico.

**_Contopus pertinax pertinax_ Cabanis and Heine.--Burleigh and Lowery (1942:194) obtained one female Coues' Flycatcher "in a small gully just below the summit of Diamante Pass."

_Contopus virens_ (Linnaeus).--I judge from the paucity of records in the literature that the Eastern Wood Pewee is uncommon in Coahuila. Burleigh and Lowery (1942:194) obtained two males at the Chorro del Agua, and remarked also that "it is possible that as far west as Saltillo, this species is a rather uncommon transient." Ridgway (1907:519) listed _Contopus virens_ from Sabinas.

*_Contopus sordidulus veliei_ Coues.--_Specimens examined:_ total 2: [Male] 31467 from Sierra del Pino (=5 mi. S, 3 mi. W Acebuches), May 14, 1954; and [Male] 31653 from the north foot of Sierra Guadalupe (=10 mi. S, 5 mi. W General Cepeda), 6400 ft., April 19, 1953.

Specimen No. 31467 of the Western Wood Pewee was obtained in pine and oak vegetation by Dickerman. Ridgway (1907:523) reported _Contopus sordidulus veliei_, under the name _Myiochanes richardsonii richardsonii_, from Sierra Encarnacion. Amadon and Phillips (1947:578) obtained a specimen of _C. sordidulus_ from Las Delicias. Miller, Friedmann, Griscom, and Moore (1957:83) remarked that the Western Wood Pewee breeds in the State.

_Nuttallornis borealis_ (Swainson).--Several records of the Olive-sided Flycatcher from Coahuila are present in the literature. Miller (1955a:167) reported it as a migrant in the desert at the base of the Sierra del Carmen on April 24. Miller, Friedmann, Griscom, and Moore (1957:82) reported this species from Ocampo on June 16. Amadon and Phillips (1947:578) obtained one at Las Delicias on August 16. Burleigh and Lowery (1942:194) collected two males "near the summit of Diamante Pass" on April 14.

*_Pyrocephalus rubinus mexicanus_ Sclater.--_Specimens examined:_ total 3: [Male] 32060 and [Female] 32061 from 12 mi. N, 12 mi. W Jimenez, 850 ft., June 19, 1952; and sex ? 32062 from 2 mi. W Jimenez, 850 ft., June 20, 1952.

The Vermilion Flycatcher is common in Coahuila. Except in the northwestern part of the State, the subspecies _mexicanus_ is present throughout Coahuila. The size of No. 32060 (wing, 80 mm.; tail, 62 mm.) suggests that the specimen is an intergrade between _P. r. flammeus_ and _mexicanus_. _P. r. flammeus_ and _mexicanus_ seem to intergrade in northern Coahuila.

Burleigh and Lowery (1942:195) found _mexicanus_ to be "quite plentiful on the plains surrounding Saltillo." Sutton and Burleigh (1939a:33) noted the Vermilion Flycatcher "near San Pedro." Cory and Hellmayr (1927:92) listed _P. r. mexicanus_ from Sabinas. The size of the testes (6x4 mm. long) of No. 32060 and the dates (June 19 and 20) on which our specimens were collected indicate breeding.

_Pyrocephalus rubinus flammeus_ van Rossem.--This subspecies of Vermilion Flycatcher occupies the northwestern section of Coahuila. Marsh and Stevenson (1938:287) took a specimen of _P. r. flammeus_ "near Santo Domingo, east of the Del Carmens...." Miller (1955a:167) re-examined this specimen and stated that "its affinity with the northwest race of the species seems correct in terms of the characters outlined by van Rossem (1934:353)."

_Eremophila alpestris enthymia_ (Oberholser).--Miller, Friedmann, Griscom, and Moore (1957:105) recorded this subspecies of Horned Lark wintering 4 mi. S Hipolito (November 2 to February 24). They reported also that _E. a. enthymia_ breeds in Coahuila (4 mi. S Hipolito ?).

*_Eremophila alpestris diaphora_ (Oberholser).--_Specimens examined:_ total 9: [Male] [Male] 32073-32078 and [Female] 32079 from 7 mi. S, 4 mi. E Bella Union, 7200 ft., June 25, 1952; and [Male] [Male] 31605-31606 from 14 mi. W San Antonio de las Alazanas, 6500 ft., January 9, 1954.

Burleigh and Lowery (1942:195) wrote that this subspecies of Horned Lark was uncommon "about Saltillo," but "fairly common" in Diamante Valley, at about 7000 feet. Oberholser (1902:863) recorded the subspecies _aphrasta_ from La Ventura. Ridgway (1907:326) listed _Otocoris alpestris aphrasta_ Oberholser from Saltillo and La Ventura. However, Miller, Friedmann, Griscom, and Moore (1957:105) indicated that _E. a. diaphora_ rather than _aphrasta_ was recorded from Saltillo and La Ventura. Sutton and Burleigh (1939a:35) remarked that "specimens collected near Ramos Arizpe [in southeastern Coahuila]" proved to be _E. a. aphrasta_. However, this record might be questioned, as Miller, Friedmann, Griscom, and Moore (_op. cit._) indicated, because _diaphora_, rather than _aphrasta_, seems to occupy the southeastern sector of Coahuila. Possibly typical representatives of _aphrasta_ and/or intergrades between _aphrasta_ and _diaphora_ are present in western Coahuila; however, no records of _E. a. aphrasta_ exist from western Coahuila.

The sizes of Nos. 32073-32077 and 31605-31606 (wing, 98.0-101.5 mm., averaging 99.7 mm.), the bright yellow throat, and the vinaceous color of the hindneck characterize clearly the subspecies _diaphora_. The sizes of the testes (9x6 mm.; 8x5 mm.; 10x6 mm.; 8x4 mm.; 11x6 mm.) of Nos. 32073-32077, the size of the largest ovum (6.5 mm.) of No. 32079, and the juvenile (32078) are evidence of breeding of _E. a. diaphora_ in Coahuila.

*_Tachycineta thalassina thalassina_ (Swainson).--_Specimens examined:_ total 3: [Male] 31471, [Male] 31473, and [Female] 31472 from Sierra del Pino (=5 mi. S, 3 mi. W Acebuches), May 15, 1954, measurements: wings, 125, 118, 108 mm.; tails, 56, 54, 46 mm.

The two subspecies of the Violet-green Swallow, _thalassina_ and _lepida_, intergrade in Coahuila. Specimens from different localities in the State represent various stages of intergradation between the two subspecies; generally those from northern Coahuila seem to be closer to _T. t. lepida_, and those from southern Coahuila are closer to _T. t. thalassina_. Nos. 31471-31473 are intergrades between _T. t. thalassina_ and _T. t. lepida_; in size the three resemble _T. t. thalassina_, but in green, rather than purple, backs and scapulars resemble _T. t. lepida_. The rumps of Nos. 31471-31473 show some purple with the green, but are nearer _thalassina_ in this character.

Gonadal sizes (testes 10x7, 10x8 mm., one ovum 6 mm.) indicate that the Violet-green Swallow breeds in the Sierra del Pino.

*_Tachycineta thalassina lepida_ Mearns.--Miller (1955a:167) reported that Violet-green Swallows taken in Boquillas Canyon of the Sierra del Carmen are intermediate between _T. t. lepida_ and _thalassina_; however, he referred his sample to _lepida_ on the basis of short wing.

_Iridoprocne bicolor_ (Vieillot).--Miller, Friedmann, Griscom, and Moore (1957:114) reported the Tree Swallow from Hipolito on February 22.

_Stelgidopteryx ruficollis psammochrous_ Griscom.--Miller, Friedmann, Griscom, and Moore (1957:111) reported this subspecies of the Rough-winged Swallow from Saltillo.

*_Hirundo rustica erythrogaster_ Boddaert.--Burleigh and Lowery (1942:195) stated that the Barn Swallow was the most abundant swallow "about Saltillo." Because these swallows occupied houses about Saltillo and neighboring villages, Burleigh and Lowery (_loc. cit._) concluded that the species nests commonly in the Saltillo area. Findley saw Barn Swallows 2 mi. S and 11 mi. E Nava, 810 feet, on June 15, 1952. Dickerman observed them at San Marcos (=20 mi. S Cuatro Cienegas) on May 4, 1954.

*_Petrochelidon pyrrhonota minima_ van Rossem and Hachisuka.--_Specimens examined:_ total 2: [Male] [Male] 31585-31586 from 14 mi. W San Antonio de las Alazanas, April 9, 1954.

Burleigh and Lowery (1942:196) noted the Cliff Swallow "in small numbers about Saltillo and the nearby villages" where the species "showed evidence of beginning to nest in many of the houses...." They (_loc. cit._) found Cliff Swallows also at the Chorro del Agua and Diamante Valley. According to Dickerman, Nos. 31585-31586 were from a colony, members of which were collecting mud at a stock tank.

*_Petrochelidon fulva pallida_ Nelson.--The Cave Swallow seems to be uncommon in eastern Coahuila. Selander and Baker (1957:345) list Saltillo, Sabinas, and Monclova as the three known localities for this swallow in the State.

*_Progne subis subis_ (Linnaeus).--Miller, Friedmann, Griscom, and Moore (1957:107) reported, presumably on the basis of a published record not found by me, that the Purple Martin breeds in Coahuila.

**_Progne chalybea chalybea_ (Gmelin).--The only record of the Gray-breasted Martin in Coahuila was given by Ridgway (1904:42) when he listed _P. c. chalybea_ from Sabinas.

**_Cyanocitta stelleri macrolopha_ Baird.--_Specimens examined:_ total 2: [Male] 32788 and [Female] 32787 from 13 mi. E San Antonio de las Alazanas, 9950 ft., July 6, 1955.

From the paucity of records in the literature, I judge that Steller's Jay is uncommon in Coahuila. Nos. 32787-32788 seemingly represent the first records of this species in the State, and are referred to the subspecies _macrolopha_ on the basis of relatively long (150, 151 mm.) wing, near the maximum for _stelleri_ from Mexico. The date (July 6) of collection suggests that these birds were resident in southeastern Coahuila.

**_Aphelocoma coerulescens cyanotis_ Ridgway.--The Scrub Jay is common in southeastern Coahuila. Burleigh and Lowery (1942:196) noted this species in small numbers at the summit of Diamante Pass, daily on the lower slopes of the mountains, and a few birds "on the outskirts of Saltillo, where they were probably nesting...." Sutton and Burleigh (1939a:35) also noted several flocks at Diamante Pass. Miller, Friedmann, Griscom, and Moore (1957:123) reported _A. c. cyanotis_ from El Diamante. Ridgway (1904:335) listed this subspecies of the Scrub Jay (then called _Aphelocoma cyanotis_) from Carneros, Sierra Encarnacion, and Sierra Guadalupe.

*_Aphelocoma ultramarina couchii_ (Baird).--_Specimens examined:_ total 14: [Female] 31051 from Sierra de la Encantada (=38 mi. S, 23 mi. E Boquillas), 4400 ft., March 15, 1952; [Male] [Male] 29425-29426 and [Female] [Female] 29427-29428 from Club Sierra del Carmen (=2 mi. N, 6 mi. W Piedra Blanca), 4950 ft., April 8, 1950; sex ? 31052 (skeleton only) from 4 mi. W Hacienda La Mariposa, 2300 ft., March 25, 1952; [Female] [Female] 31635-31636 from Canyon de Parazos in the Sierra de la Parazos Azula (=9 mi. E Hermanas), 2100 ft., December 7, 1953; [Female] 32082 from 4 mi. N, 21 mi. W Cuatro Cienegas, 6200 ft., July 3, 1952; [Female] 31053 (skeleton only) from 26 mi. W Santa Teresa, 7050 ft., April 5, 1952; [Male] 32081 from 7 mi. S, 4 mi. E Bella Union, 7200 ft., June 25, 1952; [Female] 33173 (skeleton only) from 13 mi. E San Antonio de las Alazanas, 9950 ft., July 6, 1955; [Male] 31607 from 13 mi. E, 3 mi. S San Antonio de las Alazanas, 8900 ft., January 11, 1954; and [Male] 31654 from Sierra Guadalupe (=10 mi. S, 5 mi. W General Cepeda), 7000 ft., April 13, 1953.

The Mexican Jay is common in Coahuila. This species occupies various habitats in the State and has been collected at stations ranging from 2100 to 9950 feet.

Miller (1955a:167) stated that the Mexican Jay was the most abundant species of bird in the Sierra del Carmen. Burleigh and Lowery (1942:196) remarked that specimens of _A. u. couchii_ were obtained "in the area surrounding the summit of Diamante Pass." At no time did Burleigh and Lowery (_loc. cit._) see this species below 6500 feet. The Mexican Jay is restricted to the higher altitudes in southern Coahuila but is more widespread in northern Coahuila. Dickerman saw Mexican Jays in the Sierra del Pino on May 12, 1954; 16 mi. E and 18 mi. N Ocampo on May 7, 1954; in the Sierra de la Madera on December 13, 1953; and 20 mi. S Ocampo on April 4, 1954.

Ridgway (1904:340) remarked that _Aphelocoma sieberii potosina_ Nelson [=_A. u. couchii_ (Baird)] has been recorded in southern Coahuila, at Carneros. Miller, Friedmann, Griscom, and Moore (1957:124) recorded _A. u. couchii_ from Carneros, Nuevo Leon. I suspect (Ridgway, 1904:340 and Goldman, 1951: map opposite p. 34) that the locality given by Miller, Friedmann, Griscom, and Moore (_op. cit._) should be Carneros, Coahuila, rather than Carneros, Nuevo Leon.

Specimens (31051, 29425-29428, 31635-31636, 32081-32082, 31607, and 31654) of the Mexican Jay increase in size from northern Coahuila to southern Coahuila. The average length of the wings of Nos. 29425-29426 from Club Sierra del Carmen is 152 mm. whereas the average length of the wings of No. 32081 from 7 mi. S and 4 mi. E Bella Union, of No. 31607 from 13 mi. E and 3 mi. S San Antonio de las Alazanas, and of No. 31654 from Sierra Guadalupe is 164 mm.

Miller (1955a:169) indicated that the Mexican Jay breeds in the Sierra del Carmen. Burleigh and Lowery (1942:196) remarked that the species breeds at Diamante Pass. The sizes of the testes (12, 11 mm.) of Nos. 29425-29426, the size of the ovum (8 mm.) of No. 29428, and the short tail (126 mm.) of the immature female from 4 mi. N and 21 mi. W Cuatro Cienegas are also evidence of breeding by this species in the State.

*_Corvus corax sinuatus_ Wagler.--The Common Raven seems to occur in low density in Coahuila. Miller (1955a:168) saw ravens in the pine-oak and cliff areas of the Sierra del Carmen, and took a breeding female at the head of Corte Madera Canyon, 7500 feet. Burleigh and Lowery (1942:196) found this species to be a bird of the higher slopes of the mountains although not uncommon in the broad open valley south of Diamante Pass. Sutton and Burleigh (1939a:35) took a male at Santa Rosa.

*_Corvus cryptoleucus_ Couch.--_Specimens examined:_ total 4: [Male] 32080 from 2 mi. W Jimenez, 850 ft., June 20, 1952; [Female] 35404 (skeleton only) from 4 mi. N San Isidro (=16 mi. N Ocampo), May 10, 1954; and [Male] [Male] 31474-31475 from R. de Almendarez (=53 mi. NW Ocampo), May 11, 1954.