Chapter XXIII: Part I: Books in Manuscript

=I.--The Making of Books in the Monasteries.=

Introductory.--Cassiodorus and S. Benedict.--The Earlier Monkish Scribes.--The Ecclesiastical Schools and the Clerics as Scribes.--Terms Used for Scribe Work.--S. Columba, the Apostle to Caledonia.--Nuns as Scribes.--Monkish Chroniclers.--The Work of the Scriptorium.--The Influence of the Scriptorium.--The Literary Monks of England.--The Earlier Monastery Schools.--The Benedictines of the Continent.--The Libraries of the Monasteries and their Arrangements for the Exchange of Books.

=II.--Some Libraries of the Manuscript Period.=
=III.--The Making of Books in the Early Universities.=
=IV.--The Book-Trade in the Manuscript Period.=

Italy.--Books in Spain.--The Manuscript Trade in France.--Manuscript Dealers in Germany.