Chapter XXV: Part II: The Earlier Printed Books (2)

Lewis, a scribe of Wessobrunn, i, 75

Leyden, the University of, ii, 280 _ff._; as a publishing centre, ii,
286; the Press of University of, ii, 297; the University in its
relations with publishing, ii, 336

Liaupold, Brother, i, 39, 54

_Libraires jurés_, regulations concerning the, i, 207 _ff._; of
Paris, ii, 365

_Librairie_, origin of the term, i, 189

_Librariers Gild_ of Ghent and of Brussels, i, 290

Libraries of the monasteries, the, and their arrangements for the
exchange of books, i, 133 _ff._; of the manuscript period, i, 146
_ff._

_Librarii_, i, 10; of Paris, regulations concerning, i, 260 _ff._; of
Paris in the 15th century, i, 269 _ff._

Ligugé, monastery of, founded, i, 32

Linacre, Sir Thomas, ii, 194

Lincoln, manuscript-dealers of, i, 312

Lioba, Saint, a pupil of S. Boniface, organises schools in North
Germany, i, 51

Lipsius, ii, 281, 284

Listrius, Gerard, ii, 200

_Litera Romana_, i, 67

Literary property, in England, beginnings of, ii, 464 _ff._;
development of the conception of, ii, 477 _ff._; diverse theories
concerning, ii, 507 _ff._; in Italy, enactments concerning, ii, 406

Literature, beginnings of property in, ii, 343 _ff._

Locke, on the death of Daniel Elzevir, ii, 319

Longarard, the unintelligible writings of, i, 45

Longinus, Vincenzo, relations of, with Aldus, i, 435

Lotter, printer of Leipzig, i, 400 _ff._ Melchior, first printer of
Wittenberg, i, 401; ii, 230 _ff._; 430

Louis the Débonnaire, i, 97

---- IX., pays for transcribing an Encyclopædia, i, 230

---- XI., borrows books from the University of Paris, i, 136; lays
claim to the estate of a publisher, i, 270; in 1474, pledges silver
for the loan of a manuscript, i, 299; a collector of books, ii, 4;
recognises the library of the Louvre, ii, 4; intervenes for the
protection of Schöffer, ii, 8; institutes the Parliament of Paris,
ii, 441

---- XII., edict of, in behalf of booksellers, ii, 6; interest of, in
printing, ii, 6; toleration of, for heretical literature, ii, 6

---- XIV., ii, 318; relations of, to literature, ii, 458 _ff._

Louvain, _Index Expurgatorius_ of, ii, 44; the University of, ii,
258; theologians of, ii, 261; the _Indexes_ of, ii, 268 _ff._; the
University of, in its relations to censorship, ii, 373

Lowell, on Socinians, ii, 53

Lübeck, book sales in the churches of, i, 283

Lucca, early printers of, i, 455

Luden, concerning the printing-press of Germany, ii, 427

Lufft, Hans, claims copyright in Luther’s Bible, ii, 235

Lupus, Abbot, orders transcripts prepared in York, i, 229

Luther, complaints of, concerning the piracy editions of his works,
i, 402; ii, 408; heresies of, condemned at the Council of Sens, ii,
22, 26, 45; relations of, with the Kobergers, ii, 159; Froben’s
edition of the writings of, ii, 190 _ff._; as an author, ii, 216
_ff._; the published writings of, ii, 219 _ff._; completes his
version of the New Testament, ii, 225; Catechism of, printed in
Slovenic, ii, 230; compensation paid to, for his literary work, ii,
232; letter of, to Lang, ii, 245; and the war of the peasants, ii,
250; and von Hutten, ii, 251; the _Table-talk_ of, ii, 429; on the
compensation of authors, ii, 431

Lutheran tracts printed in out-of-the-way places, ii, 248

Luxeuil, the monastery of, founded, i, 47

Lydgate, John, ii, 116 _ff._

Lyons, early printers of, ii, 8 _ff._; a publishing centre for light
literature, ii, 9 _ff._; printers of, “appropriate” the productions
of Paris and other cities, ii, 9, 495; publishing activities of,
ii, 93

M

Mabillon, Jean, treatise of, on monastic studies, i, 120; work of, in
behalf of the Benedictines, i, 122, 123; literary journeys of, i,
123; on the prices of books during the Middle Ages, i, 135

Machiavelli, _The Prince_ of, ii, 202

Madan’s _Early Oxford Press_, ii, 134

Magdeburg, as a publishing centre, ii, 229, 248

_Magdeburg Centuries_, ii, 97

Maintenon, Madame de, relations of, to ecclesiastical censorship, ii,
461

Maitland, _The Dark Ages_, cited, i, 31 _ff._; opinion of, concerning
palimpsests, i, 72; describes the arrangements of the _scriptoria_,
i, 75; on the book production of the Middle Ages, i, 77, 78;
calculation of, concerning the speed of the work of the scribes, i,
98; criticises Robinson’s description of the Church in the Middle
Ages, i, 117; points out the inaccuracies of Milner, i, 130; on the
prices of books in the Middle Ages, i, 135; analyses the value of
MSS., i, 137

Maittaire, Bibliography of, ii, 22, 25 _ff._, 40

Makkari, historian of the Mohammedan dynasties, i, 255

Malmesbury, William of, The _Chronicles_ of, i, 56; writes life of
Aldhelm, i, 97; his account of the chapel at Glastonbury, i, 106;
collector of books, i, 307

Malory, Sir Thomas, ii, 118, 126

Manenti of Urbino, copyright secured by, ii, 348

Mansfield, Lord, ii, 473

Mansion, Colart, or Colard, _escripvain_ and printer, i, 289; ii, 102
_ff._

Manuscript, the earliest existing example of monastic scribe-work, i,
34

Manuscripts, trade in, in Bologna, i, 184; formalities connected
with the sale of, in Paris, i, 212; the trade in, carried on by
pedlars, grocers, and mercers, i, 232; production of, continued
after the invention of printing, i, 243; Moorish trade in, i, 254;
illuminated with the arms of noble families, i, 268; copyright in,
ii, 481 _ff._

Manuscript-dealers, the historians of the, i, 180; of Italy, i, 244
_ff._; of Germany, i, 276 _ff._; of Paris, i, 256 _ff._

Manuscript period in England, the i, 302 _ff._

Manuscript-trade, of the Brothers of Common Life, i, 291 _ff._; of
France, i, 255 _ff._; of Germany, i, 287, 291; of the Netherlands,
i, 290 _ff._; of London, in the 14th century, i, 312 _ff._

Manutius, Paul, inherits business of his father, i, 438; settles in
Rome, i, 440; letters of, to his son Aldus, i, 441; journeys to
Milan, i, 444; completes his commentaries on Cicero, i, 444; death
of, i, 445; coöperation of, with Plantin, ii, 264

Map, Walter, _De Nugis Curiatum_ of, i, 304

Margaret, Duchess of Burgundy, ii, 103, 122, 126

Margounios, Maximus, ii, 377

Marguerite de Valois, ii, 46

_Mariegole_, or by-laws of the Venetian Guild, ii, 366 _ff._

Marillac, ii, 40

Marloratus, ii, 70

Marmontier, monastery of, founded, i, 32

Marquard, Abbot, pawns the library of his Abbey, i, 232

Marsam, Jehan de, master of arts and dealer in manuscripts, i, 273

Marsham, cited, i, 55

Martene and Montfaucon, the literary journeys of, i, 131

Martyr, Peter, ii, 53

Mary, Saint, of Robert’s Bridge, inscription in a manuscript from, i,
73

Mary, Queen of Scots, ii, 66

Mascon, Bishop of, ii, 44

Maseyk, the nuns of, i, 53

Massimi, the brothers, introduce printing into Rome, i, 405

Massmann, _Die Goth. Urkunden von Neapel_, etc., cited, i, 43

Mathesius, ii, 228

Maximilian, the Emperor, befriends Reuchlin, ii, 203

---- II., relations of, to book privileges, ii, 422 _ff._

Mayence, connection of, with the origin of printing, i, 358 _ff._;
the sack of, by Adolph of Nassau, i, 362, 372; printers driven
from, i, 372

Medici, the, purchased books from scribes, i, 240

----, Cosimo de’, i, 322; institutes libraries, i, 328; founds the
Platonic Academy, i, 328

----, Lorenzo de’, i, 338

Meerman, reference of, to Koster, i, 354

Melanchthon, Philip, ii, 231, 238 _ff._

Melania, Saint, makes a living as a scribe, i, 33; founds convent at
Tagaste, i, 33; beauty of transcripts of, i, 53

Melchior, Abbot, founds printing-office in Augsburg, i, 87;
manuscript-dealer, i, 249

Mellin, Réclus, ii, 446

Memmingen, caution of the burgomaster of, concerning dedications, ii,
434

Ménage, ii, 312

Mendicant monks, work of, in copying and distributing books, i, 84;
libraries of, i, 148

Mensing, Doctor, ii, 229

Mentel, Johann, printer of Strasburg, i, 375, 381 _ff._

Mercers’ Company, the, of London, ii, 122

Metal workers, relations of the, to early printers, ii, 164

Metz, Cathedral of, as a resort for booksellers, i, 283

Milan, the manuscript-trade of, i, 228, 241; literature at the
Court of, i, 334; the printing, publishing, and bookselling Guild
of, i, 450 _ff._; various activities of, i, 446 _ff._; the first
printing in, i, 447; Publishing Association of, i, 448 _ff._; the
regulations of Printers’ Guild of, i, 453

_Millar vs. Taylor_, ii, 472, 505

Milner, the historian, criticised by Maitland, i, 130

Milton, John, _Paradise Lost_, possibly suggested by Cædmon’s _Revolt
of Satan_, i, 93; agreement of, for publication of _Paradise Lost_,
ii, 147; the _Defensio Populi Anglicani_ of, ii, 308; on the
liberty of the printing-press, ii, 474 _ff._

Minner, Johann, _scriptor_, i, 288

Minorite Order, literary work of, i, 84

Minutianus, professor and printer, i, 447

Mirandola, Pico della, i, 339

Mocenigo, Andrea, ii, 357

Modena, Statutes of the High School of, concerning the book-trade, i,
189

Mohammedan states, literary activity in, i, 180

Monasteries, Irish and Scotch, founded by S. Columba, i, 45-47

Monastery cells, the severe temperature of, i, 64

---- schools, the earlier, i, 106

Monk, Roger, ii, 117

Monks, of England, literary work of the, i, 90

Monkish chroniclers of England, i, 55-60, 307 _ff._

Monmouth, Geoffrey of, _Chronicles_ of, i, 56, 307

Monopolies conceded by Venice to earlier printers, i, 408

Mons Castellius, monastery of, i, 21

Montalembert, _The Monks of the West_, cited, i, 30 _ff._

Montanus, Arius, ii, 260 _ff._

Monte Cassino, monastery of, founded, i, 10, 182

Montfaucon, cited, i, 42 _ff._; quoted by Robertson, i, 72; the
literary journeys of Martene and, i, 130

Montpellier, the book-dealers of the University of, i, 266 _ff._; the
Press of, ii, 92

Moors, destroy monasteries in Spain, i, 132

More, Sir Thomas, ii, 130, 194, 200; prints books in Basel, i, 395

Morel, Frederic, ii, 25

Moretto, Antonio, ii, 351

Moretus, John, ii, 283

Morhart, Ulrich, ii, 230

Morier, on the prices of MSS. in Persia, i, 136

Morosini, Andrea, historian of Venice, ii, 387

Morrhius (Campensis), ii, 24

_Morte d’Arthur_, ii, 118

Moulins, ordinance of, ii, 450

Mount Athos, the monastery of, i, 146

Mountjoy, Lord, ii, 215

Mühlberg, battle of, ii, 421

Mullinger, summarises the _Apostolic Constitutions_, i, 121

Münster as a publishing centre, ii, 248 _ff._

Muratori, the _Chronicles_ of, i, 57; reference of, to books
presented to churches, i, 137; concerning the monastery collection
of books, i, 138

Murbach, the monastery of, i, 83

Mure, Conrad de, i, 40

Muretus, ii, 67

Murner, Thomas, ii, 183, 431

Murray, the House of, ii, 335

Musurus, Marcus, appointed professor of Greek, i, 416; appointed
censor by the Venetian Senate, i, 422; script of, utilised as a
model for Greek type, ii, 347; censor of Greek books in Venice, ii,
356

Mutianus, the work of, at Erfurt, i, 223

Myrop, C., ii, 305

N

Nantes, the edict of, ii, 451 _ff._

Naples, the University of, i, 182; the Academy of, i, 344

Napoleon and the freedom of the printing-press, ii, 427 _ff._

Navagero, Andrea, appointed censor for the literature of the
Humanities, ii, 356

Néobar, (or Neobarius), Conrad, appointed royal printer in Greek, ii,
33, 42, 448

Neri, S. Philip, ii, 97

Neudorffer, J., ii, 150

Nevelo, works of penance in the _scriptorium_, i, 70

_New Testament_, the paraphrase of, by Erasmus, ii, 207

Niccoli, Niccolo de’, funeral oration upon, i, 240; bequeaths books
to Florence, i, 240

Niceron, ii, 46

Nicholas, l’Anglois, bookseller and tavern-keeper in Paris, in the
fourteenth century, i, 272

---- of Breslau, printer and engraver of Florence, i, 458

---- V., Pope, i, 329 _ff._

Nicholson, John, ii, 142

Niclaes, ii, 266

Nicolai, publisher of Berlin, ii, 417

Niedermünster, the nuns of, famed as scribes, i, 54

Noailles, Cardinal de, ii, 462

Nordlingen Fair, the book-trade of, i, 283; first sale of printed
books in the, i, 287

Normans, ravages of, in the Benedictine monasteries, i, 132; piracies
of the, i, 231

Notker, of St. Gall, writes to the Bishop of Sitten, i, 39, 229

Novantula, monastery of, burned by the Hungarians, i, 132; the
manuscripts of, i, 131

Numeister, printer of Mayence and of Foligno, i, 456

Nuns as scribes, i, 51-55

Nuremberg, the printer-publishers of, i, 397 _ff._; and the writings
of Luther, ii, 236; piracy editions issued in, ii, 236; edict of,
ii, 242; censorship in, ii, 243

O

Obscene literature and the papal censorship, i, 333

Odo, Abbot of Clugni, i, 129

----, Abbot of Tournai, i, 67, 77

Œcolampadius, ii, 23

Offa, King, gives a Bible to the church at Worcester, i, 97

Olbert, Abbot of Gembloux, i, 97; transcribes the Old and the New
Testaments, i, 98

_Old Testament_, Luther’s version of the, ii, 233

Olivier, _librarius_ of Paris, schedule of his book sales, i, 274

Omons, work of, entitled _The Picture of the World_, i, 142

Origen, Saint, literary work of, i, 32; the library of, in Cesarea,
i, 147; requires the service of scribes, i, 228

Orleans, literary interests of the dukes of, i, 268

Orosius, a manuscript of, i, 43, 226

Orphanage, publishing concern of Halle, ii, 425

Össler, Jacob, appointed imperial supervisor of literature, ii, 419

Othlo of Tegernsee, his work as a scribe, i, 64

Othlonus, a scribe of S. Emmeram, i, 78, 79. (Same as Othlo.)

Othmar, Sylvan, publisher for Luther, ii, 229

Oxford, the University of, i, 181; early purchases of books for the
libraries of, i, 306; early printing in, ii, 134 _ff._; first
printers of, ii, 137

Ozanam, _La Civilisation Chrétienne_ cited, i, 36 _ff._

P

Padua, the University of, i, 181, 421, ii, 348; regulations of
the University of, concerning the book-trade, i, 188, 193;
commissioners of the University of, appointed censors of Venetian
publications, ii, 362 _ff._

Paedts, Jean, ii, 294

Palencia, the University of, i, 196

Pallavicini, Cardinal, ii, 388

Palm, publisher, shot by order of Napoleon, ii, 427

Pannartz, Arnold, printer of Subiaco and of Rome, i, 405

Panthoul, Macé, bookseller and paper-maker of Troyes, i, 276

Panzer, ii, 12

Papacy, claim of the, to the supervision of books in Venice, ii, 355
_ff._

Paper, first manufactured from rags, i, 409

Paper-makers, relations of, with the early publishers, i, 237

Paper-making in Italy, i, 409

Paper manufacturers, the earlier work of, in France, i, 266;
protected by University privileges, i, 266

Papyrus, latest use of, i, 43, 44

_Paradise Lost_, agreement for the publication of, ii, 147

Paravisinus, printer of Milan, i, 447

Parchment, the scarcity of, i, 70; used for palimpsests, i, 72;
regulations for the sale of, in Paris, i, 204; costliness of, in
the 14th and 15th centuries, i, 332

Parchment-dealers in Paris, regulations concerning, i, 265

Parentucelli, Tommaso, (Pope Nicholas V.), founds the Vatican
Library, i, 329

Paris, Matthew, _Chronicles_ of, i, 56, 69, 307; writes _Lives of the
Two Offas_ and the _Chronicles_, i, 105

----, city of, in 1600, ii, 95; scribes of, i, 41; instructions
of the Council of, concerning the lending of books, by the
monasteries, i, 138; printed books first sold in, ii, 5; relations
of the Elzevirs with, ii, 303 _ff._

----, the University of, i, 51, 181; foundation and constitution of
the, i, 197 _ff._; regulations of, concerning the early book-trade,
i, 201 _ff._; the earlier scribes in, i, 256; students of, 1524,
ii, 28; censures the writings of Erasmus, ii, 210; publishes an
_Index Expurgatorius_, ii, 373; relations of, to censorship of the
Press, ii, 439 _ff._

Parliament of Paris, relations of the, to the censorship of the
Press, ii, 440 _ff._, 470 _ff._; contests of, with the Crown, ii,
441; suppression of, ii, 441; relations of, with the book-trade,
ii, 442

Parrhasius, Janus, institutes the library of S. Giovanni, i, 146

Paruta, contentions of, against the _Clementine Index_, ii, 377 _ff._

Pasqualigo, ii, 370

Passau, the library of, i, 228

Patronage provides compensation for Italian writers, i, 334

Pattison, Mark, ii, 27, 85 _ff._; analysis by, of the literary
influence of Italy, France, Holland, and Germany, i, 346

Paul, Abbot of St. Albans, i, 69

---- III., ii, 29

---- IV., issues an _Index_, ii, 374

Paula, Saint, writes Hebrew and Greek, i, 51; assists S. Jerome in
his writing, i, 51

Paulsen, characterises the instruction in the mediæval universities,
i, 223

Pavia, the University of, i, 183

Peasants, the war of the, ii, 250

_Pecia_, definition of, i, 186

_Peciarii_, functions of, i, 187

Pedlars, regulations limiting the book-trade of, i, 213; as dealers
in books, i, 232

Pellican, Conrad, ii, 232

Penalties for literary piracies in Venice, ii, 352

_Pentateuch_, the, printed in Constantinople, ii, 260

Penzi, Jacomo di, of Lecco, ii, 353

Permit for publication, earliest record of, ii, 439

Perugia, the early manuscript-dealers of, i, 249

Peter of Blois, describes the manuscript collections of Paris, i, 256

---- of Celle, borrows books from S. Bernard, i, 143

---- the Venerable, Abbot of Clugni, i, 130; makes translation of the
Koran, i, 145; correspondence of, i, 144, 145; orders books from
Aquitaine, i, 144

---- of Bacharach, writes a _Schwabenspiegel_, i, 41

---- of Ravenna, ii, 439, 488

Peterborough, the abbey of, burned by the Danes, i, 132

Petrarch, appreciative reference of, to Aretinus, i, 246; the
influence of, in behalf of the study of Greek, i, 323; as a
collector of manuscripts, i, 324; script of, used as model for the
type founders, i, 324

Petri, Adam, of Basel, ii, 223, 225, 228

----, Heinrich, printer-publisher, of Basel, knighted by Charles V.,
i, 395; sends books to Casaubon, ii, 90

Pez, the _Chronicles_ of, cited, i, 39 _ff._

_Phalaris_, the _Letters of_, ii, 351

Philip the Bold, Duke of Burgundy, a collector of books, i, 273;
purchases manuscripts, shirts, hats, and more manuscripts, i, 274,
275

---- the Fair of Burgundy, regulations of, concerning
manuscript-dealers, i, 263; and the Parliament of Paris, ii, 441

---- the Good of Burgundy, ii, 105

---- II., of Spain, gives charter to the Milan printers’ guild, i,
451; ii, 265, 284, 272; refuses to accept the _Tridentine Index_,
ii, 382; and the Papal censorship, ii, 388

---- III. confirms the monopoly of the Milan printers’ guild, i, 454

_Philobiblon_, of de Bury, cited, i, 308 _ff._

Piacenza, the University of, i, 183

Pio, Albert, Prince of Carpi, treatise of, against Erasmus, ii, 445

Piracies, literary, regulations in Basel concerning, ii, 412

Pirckheimer, translator of the _Geography_ of Ptolemy, i, 385 _ff._;
ii, 151, 174, 165, 167

Pius IV., Pope, calls Paul Manutius to Rome, i, 440

---- V., institutes the Congregation of the _Index_, ii, 377;
relations of, with Paul Manutius, i, 442 _ff._

Plantin, the House of, ii, 255 _ff._; publications of, ii, 259 _ff._

----, Christopher, ii, 255 _ff._; the Press of, ii, 76; relations of
with Leyden, ii, 294; the _Bible_ of, ii, 334

---- Museum, the, ii, 283

Plantinerus, purchasing agent for manuscripts, i, 242

Plater, Thomas, ii, 238

Poggio, funeral oration of, upon Niccoli, i, 240; translates the
_Cyropaedia_, i, 329

Poliziano, the writings of, i, 340

Polliot, Etienne, ii, 449

Pontchartrain, Chancellor of France, ii, 460 _ff._

Porson, ii, 37

Prague, the University of, i, 181; regulations for the copyists in
the University of, i, 220; bookdealers in the University of, i, 278

_Praise of Folly_, the first edition of, ii, 194

Pratt, William, mercer and manuscript-dealer, i, 313; friend of
Caxton, ii, 119, 123

Prayer-book, first printed in England, ii, 142

Premonstratensians, the regulations of, for the care of books, i, 148

Press, the freedom of, in Venice, ii, 404

Press-correctors, in the 16th century, ii, 165

Preston, Thomas, the writings of, ii, 386

Prices of Plantin’s publications, ii, 279

Printers, early, in France, ii, 3 _ff._; of Paris, regulations for,
in 1581, ii, 453 _ff._

Printers’ Guild, of Venice, the, and Press legislation, ii, 394 _ff._

Printing, the invention of, i, 348 _ff._; in France, ii, 3 _ff._; in
Germany, begun for the benefit of the middle classes, i, 363; in
Germany, initiated without the aid of princes, universities, or
ecclesiastics, i, 378

Printing undertakings, in Florence, Bologna, Milan, Rome, and Venice,
up to 1500, i, 327

Printing-press, service of the, for the Reformation, ii, 218; in
France, regulations for the control of, ii, 437 _ff._

Printing-presses, in Venice, at the close of the 16th century, ii,
367; reduction in the number of, under the papal censorship, ii, 384

Privileges, in England, ii, 465 _ff._, 468 _ff._; and regulations in
Germany, ii, 407 _ff._; imperial, in Germany, ii, 416 _ff._; in
Holland, ii, 332; and censorship in Italy, ii, 343 _ff._; the terms
of, in Venice, ii, 350 _ff._; summary of, in Venice, ii, 486

_Probi Vita_, cited, i, 9

Procopius, history of the campaign of Belisarius, i, 20

Property in literature, summary of the diverse theories concerning,
ii, 507 _ff._

Protestant tracts, distribution of, in Germany, ii, 249

Proto-typographer, the, of the Netherlands, ii, 272 _ff._

Prussia, book production in, ii, 425; earlier legislation of, in
regard to copyright, ii, 506

Publishers and printers in Paris, the guild of, ii, 453 _ff._

Publishing, by subscription in England, ii, 436; methods in Germany,
the earlier, i, 429 _ff._; in Venice, burdens upon, in the 17th
century, ii, 393

Puteanus, ii, 309

Pütter, concerning privileges in Germany, ii, 415

Pynson, Richard, King’s printer, ii, 133, 138, 467

R

Rabanus, M., treatise by, _De Instituto Clericorum_, i, 116

Rabelais, a student in Montpellier, i, 196

Radegonde, Saint, i, 51

Radewijus, Florentius, i, 89

Rahn, _Die Künste in der Schweiz_, cited, i, 43 _ff._

Raphelengius, ii, 282 _ff._, 294

Rapond, Dyne, banker and book-seller, i, 274 _ff._

Ratdolt, printer-publisher of Augsburg, ii, 396

Rauchler, Johann, first Rector of Tübingen High School, i, 369

Ravenna, Peter of, ii, 345

Reading aloud at meals, i, 69

Reculfus, Bishop of Soissons, the _Constitutions_ of, i, 117

Reformation, the, influence of, upon the literary activities of
Germany, i, 224; literature of, sold under prohibitory regulations,
i, 399; literature of, printed in Leipzig and in Wittenberg,
i, 401; influence of, on the production of literature, ii, 26
_ff._; the influence of, on publishing in Germany, ii, 152; an
intellectual revolution, ii, 217

Regino, Abbot of Prüm, i, 57

Reinhart, Johann, an early printer of popular literature, i, 384 _ff._

Renaissance, the, as the forerunner of the printing-press, i, 317
_ff._

Renilde, Abbess, skilled as a scribe, i, 53

Reno, Guillaume de, i, 85

Resbacense, catalogue of the library in monastery of, i, 128

Resch, publisher of Paris, ii, 442

Reuchlin, Johann, relations of with Aldus, i, 426 _ff._; founder
of Greek studies in Germany, i, 429; appointed professor in
Ingolstadt, i, 429; ii, 172, 202, 226, 237

Rhaw, George, publisher for Luther, ii, 231

Rhenanus, Beatus, writes introduction for the works of Erasmus,
i, 435; as corrector for Henry Estienne (the elder), ii, 21; on
Froben, ii, 188; writes to Erasmus, ii, 232; death of, ii, 45

Rhenish-Celtic Society, ii, 414

Richard II., ii, 117

---- de Bury, on the Mendicant Friars, i, 148

---- of Wedinghausen, the preservation of his writing hand, i, 65

Richelieu, institutes the French Academy, ii, 458

Richer, French chronicler, i, 56

_Rifformatori_, the, of Venice, ii, 367; regulations of, in 1767,
concerning the book-trade, ii, 397

Riquier, Saint, books possessed by the monks of, i, 97

Rivers, Earl, ii, 103, 122

Rivington, the House of, ii, 335

---- Charles, ii, 335

Robertson, quotes Montfaucon erroneously, i, 72; inaccurate
statements of, concerning the prices of books in the Middle Ages,
i, 135; misquotes Muratori concerning monastery collection of
books, i, 138

Rochelle, publishing operations in, ii, 452

Rodolphus of Fulda, i, 57

Roger of Wendover, historiographer of St. Albans, i, 104;
_Chronicles_ of, i, 56, 104 _ff._, 307

Rogers, J. E. Thorold, on early bookselling in England, i, 306

Rolewinck, the _Outline History of the World_ by, i, 368

_Romana Littera_, definition of, i, 227

Romance writing in England in the 14th and 15th centuries, i, 303
_ff._

Romans, church of (in Dauphiny), destroyed six times, i, 133

Rome, as a book market in the seventh century, i, 226

Rood, Theodore, printer of Oxford, i, 242; ii, 137

Rooses, Max, ii, 256

Rouen, the manuscript-dealers of, i, 270

Royal privileges in England, ii, 468 _ff._

Royes, Joseph, ii, 140

Rufus, Mutianus, letter of, concerning the interference of war with
literature, i, 431

Rühel and Sulfisch secure a privilege for Luther’s Bible, ii, 235

_Rule_ of S. Benedict, the original MSS. destroyed in the monastery
of Teano, i, 133

Ruppel, Berthold, first printer of Basel, i, 392

Rusch, Adolph, printer-publisher and paper-dealer, i, 384

S

Sabellico, Antonio, ii, 345, 488

Sachs, Hans, ii, 243 _ff._

_Sachsenspiegel_, early editions of the, i, 392

St. Albans, literary work in the monastery of, i, 69; the abbey of,
i, 102; the _scriptorium_ and library of, i, 102; the _Chronicles_
of, i, 104; printing in, ii, 137; _The Book of_, ii, 138

St. Gall, monastery of, i, 40; work of the nuns of, i, 55; curious
inscription in a manuscript of, i, 73; the abbey of, i, 125;
decadence in monastery of, during the 13th century, i, 84

Salamanca, the monastery of, i, 196

Salerno, the school of, i, 182

Sallengre, M. de, ii, 72

Salmasius (Saumaise).

Sanuto, Marino, ii, 357

Saracens, destroy monasteries in Italy, i, 132

Sarpi, Fra Paolo, ii, 372 _ff._; and the interdict, ii, 384;
formulates the scheme of a legitimate _Index_, ii, 389

Saumaise (Salmasius), ii, 315 _ff._

Saxony, censorship in, ii, 244

Saxon literature, early, i, 91

Scævola, ii, 56

Scaliger, ii, 64 _ff._, 304

Scapula, Joannes, plagiarist, ii, 81

Schedd, the _Chronicle_ of, ii, 171

Scheffel’s, _Der treue Ekkehart_, i, 127

Schöffer, Peter, printer, admitted as a citizen in Frankfort, i,
288, 359; employed by Gutenberg, i, 372; taken into partnership
by Fust, i, 373; _Impressor Librorum_, i, 375; appointed agent
for the University of Paris, i, 376; suit of, against Inkus, i,
376; summary of the publishing undertakings of, i, 378 _ff._;
establishes an agency in Paris, ii, 7, 178

Schönsperger, publisher of Augsburg, ii, 225, 229

Schools, the earlier monastery, i, 106

Schoolbooks in manuscript, prices of, i, 284, 286; prices of, in
North Germany, in the 15th century, i, 300

Schott, Johann, imperial privilege secured by, ii, 414

Schürer, printer of Strasburg, ii, 200

Schurmann, opinion of, concerning the imperial control of literature,
ii, 417

Schweinheim, printer of Subiaco and of Rome, i, 405

Scolar, Johannes, ii, 137

Scott’s _Elizabethan Translations from the Italian_, cited, ii, 144

Scotus, Erigena, appointed master of the palace school at Tours, i,
116

Scribes, of African and Eastern monasteries, i, 33; monastic
privileges of, i, 69; licensed for German towns, i, 294 _ff._; of
Germany, carry on their work in the porches of the churches and
cathedrals, i, 295

Scrimger, Henry, ii, 68

_Scripta notaria_, i, 43

_Scriptorium_, the consecration of the, i, 61; form of benediction
for, i, 76

Seanachies, an order of Celtic bards, i, 49

Séguier, Chancellor of France, ii, 457

Selden, the _Mare Clausum_ of, ii, 308

Senate, the Venetian, takes action to protect the printing-press, ii,
391

Seneca, maxim of, i, 195

Senis, Guidomarus de, _librarius_ and poet, i, 273

Sens, Council of, ii, 22

Sensenschmid of Eger, ii, 150

Servetus, ii, 52, 54

Sforza, Francesco, i, 337

Shakespeare’s plays, sources of certain of the plots of, ii, 145

Shakespeare, published works of, ii, 146

Scheurl, writes to Campeggi, ii, 246

_Ship of Fools_, the, first English edition of, ii, 139

Sidney, Sir Philip, ii, 84

Sidonius, Caius Sollius Apollinaris, i, 5, 6, 7

Sigismund, John, ii, 425

Silvius, Æneas, the _Europa_ of, i, 281

----, William, ii, 287, 294 _ff._

Simler, Josias, ii, 376

Simmons, Samuel, ii, 147

Simon, Abbot of St. Albans, i, 103

Sintram, noteworthy as a copyist, i, 126

Sisebut, King, pupil of Isidore, i, 36

Sithiu, the monks of, secure from Charlemagne hunting privileges, i,
124

Sixtus V., and the _Tridentine Index_, ii, 377

Slovenic versions of the writings of the Reformers, ii, 230

Soardi, publisher of Venice, ii, 354

Socinus, Lelius, and Faustus, ii, 52, 53

Solomon, Abbot of St. Gall, the vocabulary of, i, 126

Somerset, Duchess of, ii, 127

Soncino, the first Hebrew Bible printed in, i, 459

Sorbonne, college of the, the foundation of, i, 216; the special
functions of, i, 217; the Doctors of the, ii, 19 _ff._, 47 _ff._;
Theological Faculty of, ii, 29 _ff._; relations of the, with Robert
Estienne, ii, 49 _ff._

Sorg, printer-publisher of Augsburg, i, 396

Southampton, Earl of, ii, 146

Spain, monasteries in, destroyed by the Moors, i, 132; the early
universities of, i, 196; activity of the Moorish scholars in, i,
253 _ff._; manuscript-dealers of, in the fifteenth century, i, 313

Spalatin, librarian of the Elector of Saxony, i, 432

Spalato, Archbishop of, ii, 388

“Spanish Fury,” the, ii, 273

_Speculum Humanæ Salvationis_, i, 352

Spengler, Syndic of Nuremberg, ii, 237

Speyer, John of, and the writings of Luther, ii, 246, 344

Spiegel, Jacob, supervisor of literature, ii, 420

Spottswood, ii, 96

Stab, Johann, secures an imperial privilege, ii, 419

Stadius, John, imperial privilege secured by, ii, 414

_Stadtschreiber_, licensed for the cities of North Germany, i, 283

Star-Chamber, the, relations of, to the supervision of the Press, ii,
470

Stathoen, Herman von, _librarius_ of Paris, i, 270

_Stationarii_, i, 10; first use of the term, i, 184 _ff._; of the
German universities, i, 220; of Paris, regulations concerning, i,
260 _ff._; status of, in Oxford, i, 310 _ff._

_Stationarii peciarum_, functions of, i, 191

Stationers’ Company, organisation of the, in England, i, 219; charter
granted to, i, 219, 311; ii, 365, 465 _ff._; regulations of, ii,
469 _ff._

Stationers’ Hall, the, of London, i, 311

Stavelot, Johann of, work as a scribe, i, 87

Stenzel, Thomas, historian, cited, i, 59

Stephani (or Estiennes), ii, 15 _ff._

Stephanus, Robertus, _see_ Estienne.

Stereotyping, date of invention of, ii, 329

Strasburg, library of the Cathedral of, i, 301; an early publishing
centre, i, 381; and the writings of Luther, ii, 246

Strozzi, Palla degli, i, 327 _ff._

_Studia publica or generalia_, i, 181

Subiaco, the monastery of, i, 12; the place of the first printing in
Italy, i, 404

Subscription method of publishing in England, ii, 435 _ff._

Suger, Abbot, historian, i, 58

Sully, ii, 96

Sylvester II., ii, 480

Symonds, J. A., _The Renaissance in Italy_, of, i, 319 _ff._

T

Tacitus, important manuscript of, secured in Corvey, i, 301

Tegernsee, the monks of, i, 39; the monastery of, a place of book
production, i, 86

Terms used in scribe work, i, 42 _ff._

Terracina, monopoly granted to, ii, 347

_Testament_, the _New_, edition by Erasmus, ii, 205 _ff._; Lutheran
version of, ii, 223 _ff._

Text-books in manuscript, prices of, i, 286

Thafar, Al-baghdádé, chief among Moorish scribes, i, 254

Thausing, M., concerning the work of Dürer, ii, 409

Theodadad, King of the Goths, i, 20

Theodoric, King of the Goths and the Romans, i, 9, 18; his Arian
faith, i, 18; his toleration of the Athanasians due to Cassiodorus,
i, 18

Theodosius II., as a scribe, i, 42

Theology, importance of the study of, in the University of Paris, i,
261

Theses, the ninety-five, ii, 222

Thirty Years’ War, the, ii, 290 _ff._; influence of, on literary
production, ii, 498

Thomaïtes, the Patriarch’s library in, i, 146

Thomson’s _Seasons_, ii, 472

Thurot, citation from, concerning methods of instruction in the
Middle Ages, i, 216

Tilly, ii, 248

Tiphernas, ii, 23

Tiraboschi, i, 183

Tischendorf, Testament MSS. discovered by, i, 146

Tissard, Francis, furthers the study of Greek in Paris, ii, 10

Tonson, Jacob, ii, 148

Torquemada, _see_ Turrecremata

----, Tomas, Inquisitor-General, i, 404

Torresano, father-in-law of Aldus, buys printing plant from Jenson,
i, 411; unites his printing concern with that of Aldus, i, 420;
takes over the business of Aldus, i, 438

Toulouse, Press of, ii, 92

Tousé, Guillaume, publisher of Paris, sends out travellers, i, 218

Towton, battle of, ii, 116

Traversari, Ambrosio, makes reference to the book-shops of Florence,
i, 235

Trevers, printer of London, ii, 468

_Tridentine Index_, the, ii, 375 _ff._

Trithemius (Johann Trittenheim), Abbot of Sponheim, i, 21, 22;
cited, i, 71; rebukes his monks, i, 73 _ff._; writes _De Laude
Scriptorum_, i, 88, 359, 366

Truber, Primus, ii, 229

Trutwetter, ii, 238

Tübingen, as a publishing centre, ii, 229 _ff._

Turrecremata, Juan, Cardinal, introduces printing into Italy, i, 404;
invites to Rome Hahn, printer, of Ingolstadt, i, 406

Tyndale, William, ii, 140

Type, fonts of, used by the earlier Italian printers, i, 412; style
of, used by the Kobergers, ii, 164

U

Ulfilas, ii, 306

Ulm, the magistracy of, protects the contracts of Schöffer, i, 377;
the early printers of, i, 397

Ulpian Library, in Rome, i, 8, 9

Ulrich III., Abbot of Michelsberg, i, 85

Ungnad, the Freiherr of, ii, 230

University, definition of the term, i, 181; the term defined by
Malden, i, 199

---- of Paris, controls the book-trade of the city, i, 214;
regulations of, concerning book-dealers, i, 263 _ff._; publishes an
_Index Expurgatorius_, ii, 373

Universities, early, influence of the, upon the education of the
monasteries, i, 85; the making of books in the, i, 178 _ff._; the
historians of the, i, 180; of Europe, character of the membership
of the earlier, i, 221; of France, members of, exempted from taxes,
etc., i, 199; of Germany, the earlier text-books of, i, 220; of
Spain, i, 196

Unkel, Bartholomäus, prints in Low German, the _Sachsenspiegel_, i,
388

Urbanus orders books from Aldus, i, 425

Urbino, the ducal library of, i, 366

V

Valdarfer, prints the first edition of the _Decameron_ in Florence,
i, 325; printer of Milan, i, 447

Valla, Laurentius (or Lorenzo), exposes the fraudulent character
of the _Donation_ of Constantine, i, 83, 331; ii, 227; writings
of, printed in Paris, ii, 10, 203; compensation paid to, i, 329;
literary controversies of, i, 332 _ff._

Valladolid, the _Index_ of, ii, 270

Vandals, besiege Hippo, i, 4

Van Dyck, Anthony, ii, 307

----, Christophe, ii, 307

Van Praet, ii, 108

Vascosanus, ii, 25

Vatablus, ii, 36, 45

Vavasseur, ii, 72

Venice, relations of, to the manuscript-trade, i, 234, 242;
development of the manuscript-trade of, i, 242, 243; the academy
of, i, 345; takes the lead in the printing undertakings of Italy,
i, 407 _ff._; the Senate of, prohibits the exportation of rags,
i, 409; facilities of, as a centre of trade, and for publishing
undertakings, i, 409 _ff._; the wars of, i, 420; Protectionist
policy of, ii, 347; earliest legislation in, concerning literature,
ii, 359 _ff._; relations of, with Germany, ii, 376; requirements
for the matriculation of booksellers of, ii, 396

Venetian book-trade, last contests of, with Rome, ii, 401 _ff._

Vérard, Anthony, printer in Paris, ii, 8

Vercelli, the University of, i, 183; early regulations in University
of, concerning the book-trade, i, 188

Vere, the Lady of, ii, 197

Vergetius, ii, 42

_Verlags- und Drück-Privilegien_, ii, 426

Verona, the manuscript-trade of, i, 228; the manuscript-dealers of,
i, 246

Vespasiano, author, dealer in manuscripts, book collector and
librarian, i, 235, 247 _ff._, 341 _ff._, 365

Victorius, Petrus, ii, 67 _ff._

Vidouvé, ii, 23

Vienna, regulations for the copyists in the University of, i, 220;
book-trade in the University of, i, 279; the Cathedral of S.
Stephen in, a centre of the book-trade, i, 283

Viliaric, a Gothic scribe, i, 43; an _antiquarius_, i, 245

Virgil, an Italian conjurer, i, 143

Visconti, Filippo Maria, i, 335

----, Galeazzo, i, 183

Visigoths, code of laws of, i, 225

Vitalis, Ordericus, _Chronicles_ of, i, 56, 60, 307

Vitensis, Victor, cited, i, 3

Vitet, concerning the Press in France in the sixteenth century, ii,
450

Vivaria, or Viviers, monastery of, founded, i, 10

_Voyage Littéraire de Deux Religieux Benedictins_, i, 131

Vüc, Joorquin de, bookseller to Duke Philip of Burgundy, i, 289

Vycey, Thomas, earliest _stationarius_ recorded in London, i, 312

W

Waldorfer, _see_ Valdarfer

Wandrille, Saint, _Chronicles_ of the monastery of, i, 227

Warham, Archbishop of Canterbury, ii, 215

Warton, describes the library of the Abbey of Gembloux, i, 97

Wattenbach, _Das Schriftwesen_, etc., cited, i, 38 _ff._

Wearmouth, library collected for the monastery of, i, 95

Weissenburger, Johann, publisher for Luther, ii, 221

Wendover, Roger of, _see_ under Roger.

Wenzel, King of Bohemia, buys books in Paris, i, 218, 261

Westminster, Caxton’s printing-office at, ii, 113

White, Andrew, ii, 147

Wilfred, Saint, institutes the Benedictine monasteries, organises
monastic schools, initiates instruction in music, i, 94

Willems, Alphonse, ii, 286

Willer, bookseller of Augsburg, prints the first classified catalogue
known to the German book-trade, i, 397

William, Abbot of Hirschau, i, 70, 71; defends the cause of the Pope
against the Emperor, i, 82

Wimpfeling, Jacob, on the intellectual supremacy of the Germans, ii,
162, 168

Windelin, secures a monopoly of printing in Venice, i, 408

Windesheim, the nuns of, producers of books, i, 90

Wipo, the _Tetralogus_ of, i, 225

Witigis, defeated by Belisarius, i, 20

Wittenberg as a publishing centre, ii, 233, 248

Wittikind, of Corvey, i, 58

Wittwer, Wilhelm, the catalogue of, i, 87

Wohlrabe, prints in Leipzig piracy editions of Lutheran literature,
i, 402

Wolf, publisher of Basel, ii, 225

Wolff von Prunow, _Bibliopola_ of Heidelberg, i, 289

Women as book-dealers in Paris, i, 211

Women medical students in Salerno, i, 182

Worde, Wynken de, ii, 125, 133 _ff._, 468 _ff._

Worms, the Diet of, ii, 266; Edict of, ii, 241

Wright, Thomas, on the early English romances, i, 305

Wulfstan, Bishop of York, sermons of, i, 101

X

Xylography, i, 350

Y

York Cathedral, the library of, i, 108

York-Powell, and Vigfusson, _Corpus Poeticum Boreale_, of, i, 92

Z

Zainer, printer of Augsburg, i, 396

Zane, Archbishop of Spalato, ii, 354

Zarotus, printer of Milan, i, 447

Zasius, Ulrich, i, 173, 174; ii, 432

Zell, Matthäus, ii, 246

----, Ulrich, the first printer of Cologne, i, 292, 359, 387; ii,
109, 110, 136

Zeno, _libraire_ of Paris in the fourteenth century, schedule of his
books, i, 271

Ziegelbauer, _Observationes Literariæ S. Benedicti_ of, i, 122;
statistics of, concerning the monastery libraries, i, 135

Zink, Burkard, scribe of Augsburg, i, 41

Zosimus, Pope, the canons of, i, 116

Zurich, early printers of, i, 396

Zwingli, publishing arrangements of, i, 396; friend of Zasius, ii,
174; letters of, to Rhenanus, ii, 185 _ff._, 253

FOOTNOTES:

[1] _Italy and Her Invaders_, ii., 246.

[2] Victor Vitensis, cited by Hodgkin, ii., 247.

[3] _Italy_, ii., 297, 298.

[4] For this form of the name I am following the authority of Hodgkin.

[5] _Italy_, ii., 319.

[6] Cited by Hodgkin, iv., 119, 120.

[7] _Vita Probi_, ii., cited by Hodgkin.

[8] _The Letters of Cassiodorus._ Translated, with an Introduction, by Thomas Hodgkin, London, 1884, p. 57.

[9] _Letters of Cassiodorus_, p. 59.

[10] Cassiodorus, _Letters_, 8.

[11] Cassiodorus, _Letters_, 14.

[12] _Variæ_, ii., 17.

[13] _Hic post aliquot conversionis suæ annos abbas electus est, et monasterio multo tempore utiliter præfuit._--Quoted by Migne, _Patrologia_, lxix., 498.

(He was elected abbot here several years after his conversion, and for a long time he ruled the monastery wisely.)

[14] _Letters of Cassiodorus_, 54.

[15] _Italy_, iv., 391.

[16] Franz, _Cassiodorus_, p. 42.

[17] _De Institutione Div. Litt._ xxx. _Letters_, 57.

[18] In chapter xv., after cautioning his copyists against rash corrections of apparent faults in the Sacred MSS., he says: _Ubicunque paragrammata in disertis hominibus_ [Hodgkin interprets this term as referring to classical authors] _reperta fuerunt, intrepidus vitiosa recorrigat_. (Wherever mistakes in syntax are found in classical authors, he fearlessly corrects them.) The larger part of chapter xxviii. is devoted to an argument against _respuere sæcularium literarum studia_ (rejecting the study of secular literature).

[19] From the version by Clark.

[20] Clark, 15.

[21] Montalembert, ii., 45.

[22] Hodgkin, _Italy_, iv., 497, 498.

[23] _The Dark Ages_, London, 1845, Preface.

[24] _Gesch. des Gallo-Frankischen Unterrichts und Bildungs-wesens von den ältesten Zeiten bis auf Karl den Grossen_, Mainz, 1892, p. 37.

[25] Montalembert, _The Monks of the West_, i., 225.

[26] _Epistle_, 225. Cited by Montalembert.

[27] Denk, 127.

[28] Liv. v. _Primum Regum_, ch. xxx., Sec. 30. Montalembert, i., p. 144.

[29] Ozanam, _La Civilisation Chrétienne chez les Francs_, c. 9.

[30] Koepke, _Otton. Studien_, ii., p. 387.

[31] Ep. 130.

[32] Wattenbach, _Das Schriftwesen im Mittelalter_, p. 396.

[33] Dümmler, _Anselm der Peripatetiker_, 32.

[34] Grimm, J., _Kleine Schriften_, v., 190.

[35] _Pez, Thes._, vi., 2.

[36] _Das Schriftwesen_, p. 399.

[37] _Barstch, im anz. d. Germ. Mus._, v. 293.

[38] Paris, 1852, page 54.

[39] Géraud, _Paris sous Philippe-le-Bel_, 1837, p. 506.

[40] Lalanne, _Curiosités Bibl._, p. 318.

[41] _Die Chroniken der Deutschen Stadte_, v., 129.

[42] Barack, _Handschriften zu Donaueschingen_, p. 564.

[43] Wattenbach, 351.

[44] Wattenbach, 351.

[45] Rahn, Gesch. _der Bildenden Künste in der Schweiz_, i., 34.

[46] Massmann, _Die Goth. Urkunden von Neapel und Arezzo_, Wien, 1838, 402.

[47] Wattenbach, 90.

[48] Wattenbach, 357.

[49] _De Remediis Utriusque Fortunæ_, lib. i., dial. 43.

[50] Ep. vi., _Ad Flor._, i., 19.

[51] _Festilogium of Angus the Culdee._ Quoted by O’Curry.

[52] Montalembert, iii., 122.

[53] Montalembert, iii., 127.

[54] Montalembert, iii., 193.

[55] Adamnani, _Vita S. Columbæ_, edit. J. T. Forster, Introduction.

[56] Montalembert, vi., 167.

[57] Montalembert, vi., 169.

[58] _Fortunat. Oper._, lib. viii., c. i.

[59] _Théâtre de Hroswitha_, Paris, 1857.

[60] _Hist. Litt. de France_, ix., 130.

[61] Engelhart, _Herrad von Landsberg und ihr Werk_, Stuttgart, 1818.

[62] Görres, _Histor. Polit. Blätter_, xviii., 482.

[63] Père Cahier, c. i., 215.

[64] Mabillon, _Traité_, etc., 39.

[65] Montalembert, iv., 174.

[66] _Vita Cæsarii_, i., 33, 375.

[67] _Vita Harlindis et Reinilæ_ (written between 850 and 880), p. 5.

[68] Montalembert, iv., 375.

[69] Rockinger, ii., 7.

[70] Leuter, _Hist. Wessofont._, i., 166.

[71] Rockinger, ii., 13.

[72] _De Laude Scriptorum_, ii., 697. Paris, 1708.

[73] _Recherches sur la Bretagne_, 579.

[74] Marsham, Προπύλαιον, in _Monast. Anglican._, i.

[75] _De Excidio Britannorum_, London, 1586.

[76] Mont., iv., 204.

[77] Mabillon, _Annal. Bened._, book lxxii., ch. xlvi.

[78] _Gesch. der Frank. Kaiser_, ii., 15, 16.

[79] Mont., vi., 213.

[80] Mont., vi., 215.

[81] Vitalis, book iii., chap. xv.

[82] D’Achéry, in _Not. Oper. Guibert Novig._

[83] Ziegelbauer, ii., 520.

[84] Mont., vi., 185.

[85] Mont., vi., 186.

[86] Giesebrecht, _De Litter. Studiis apud Italos_, 52.

[87] _Epist._, i., 55.

[88] _Petri Dam. Opusc._, c. ix., p. 635.

[89] Mont., vi., 188.

[90] Martene, _De Antiq. Monach. Ritibus_, book iv., c. xviii., p. 289.

[91] Mont., vi., 191.

[92] Mont., vi., 194.

[93] Mabillon, _Analect._, book iv., p. 448.

[94] Ordericus Vitalis, cited by Mabillon, A. S. ix., 137.

[95] _Cæsar. Heisterb._, xii., 47. W. Schmidt. _Im Anz. des Germ. Mus. Iq._, 328-366.

[96] _Ulphilæ Fragm._, 380.

[97] _Zur Handschriftenkunde_, 138-140.

[98] _Alcuin and the Rise of the Christian Schools_, 73.

[99] _Gesta Abb. Fontanell._, iii., 16. _Mon. Germ._, xi., 292.

[100] _Mon. Germ._, ii., 95.

[101] Laurisheim, in Hesse-Darmstadt.

[102] Reifferscheid, lvi., 451.

[103] Maitland, 371.

[104] Winter, _Die Cisterc._, ii., 145.

[105] Cited by Maitland, 341.

[106] Delisle, _Recherches sur l’Ancienne Bibliothèque de Corbie_, xxiv., 288.

[107] Maitland, 40.

[108] _Canis. Ant. Lect._ ii., 230, cited by Maitland.

[109] Martene, _Voy. Lit._, 67.

[110] Wanley, _Cat. Lib. Sept._, p. 152.

[111] Martene, _Voy. Lit._, 56.

[112] Mait., 405.

[113] Pez, _Thes. Anecd. Noviss. Diss. Isagog._ in tom. i., 20.

[114] _Voy. Lit._, 99.

[115] _Nouv. Traité de Diplom._, iii., 190, cited by Mait., 407.

[116] _Ap. Nomast. Cisterc._, cap. lxxxvii., 272.

[117] _Herimanni Narratio Rest. Abb. S. Martini Torn._, 79; _Ap. Dach. Spicileg._, ii., 913.

[118] Mait., 414.

[119] Mait., 416.

[120] Mabillon, _Anal._, iv., 448.

[121] A Missal, containing, in addition to its usual contents, the Epistles and Gospels.

[122] Pez, _Thes. Anec. Noviss. Diss. Isagog._ in tom. i., p. 20.

[123] Mont. vi., p. 445.

[124] Trithemius, 235, 268.

[125] Trithemius, 266.

[126] Neugart, _Cod. Dipl. Alem._, ii., 334-338.

[127] _Oper. Inedita_, ed. Brewer, ii., p. 13.

[128] Pez, _Thes., Diss._, i., p. 4.

[129] _Mon. Germ. SS._, xiii., 557.

[130] Delprat, p. 324.

[131] Johann Busch, _Chron. Wind._, ii., 35, 409.

[132] _Libn. SS. Brunswick_, ii., 855.

[133] Turner’s _History of the Anglo-Saxons_, iv., c. 3.

[134] Montalembert, iv., 464.

[135] _Ang. Sac._, ii., 21.

[136] _Ibid._, i., 470.

[137] _Chron. Centul. ap. Dach. Sp._, ii., 311.

[138] Liv. lviii., chap. lii., p. 424.

[139] Mab., _A. S._, vii., 36.

[140] Maitland, 202.

[141] Sweet, H. King Alfred’s version of Gregory’s _Pastoral Care_. Early English Text Society. Lond., 1871-1872.

[142] Maitland, 29.

[143] _Collect._, iii., 7, 17.

[144] Descriptive catalogue of materials relating to the _History of Great Britain and Ireland_, vol. iii., preface.

[145] Wilkins, _Monast._, ii., 708.

[146] Dugd., _Monast._, iii., 309.

[147] _Ap. Gale. ser._, xiv., 311.

[148] See p. 95.

[149] _Alcuin_, 31.

[150] Cited by West, 34.

[151] _Alcuin_, 42.

[152] Version of West, 102.

[153] _Ep._ 101, Migne; 112., Jaffé, cited by West.

[154] Wattenbach, p. 362.

[155] West, 72.

[156] Wattenbach, 366.

[157] _Alcuin_, 92.

[158] _Alcuin_, 122, 123.

[159] Mullinger, 197.

[160] Lib. i., cap. xiii., _Ap. Bib. Pat._, tom. x., 572, cited by Maitland.

[161] _Alcuin_, 134.

[162] _Const._, ix., 418.

[163] _Alcuin_, 164.

[164] Ziegelbauer, i., 326.

[165] _Rise and Institution of Universities_, 26.

[166] _Schools of Charles the Great_, 8.

[167] Cited by West, _Alcuin_, II.

[168] Aug. Vindeloc, 4 vols., 1784.

[169] Cassiod., _Inst._, ch. xxiii.

[170] Mabillon, _Traité_, 43, 44.

[171] _Epist. ad Rustic._

[172] _Epist. ad Occam._ Quoted by Mabillon, 80.

[173] _History of Poetry_, dissert. ii.

[174] Montalembert, 147.

[175] Digby, _Mores Catholica_, x., 242.

[176] Ekk. in _Cassib._, c. i., p. 20.

[177] Ekkehart, _Lib. Benedict._, 345.

[178] _Ibid._, 247.

[179] Ekkehart, in _Cassib._, c. x.

[180] Arx, i., 260.

[181] Mabillon, _Réflexions sur la Réponse de M. l’Abbé de la Trappe_, i., 199.

[182] Giesebrecht. Quoted by Montalembert, vi., 150.

[183] Denk, 260.

[184] Denk, 270.

[185] D’Achéry, _Spicill._, ii., 77 (_Vita S. Eligii_).

[186] Mab., _Traité_, vii., 187.

[187] _Prov. Bib. Pat._, x., 1179.

[188] Maitland, 364.

[189] Ingulph, _Ap. Gale. ser._, v. 23.

[190] Maitland, 229.

[191] _Voy. Lit._, 252, cited by Maitland.

[192] _Voy. Lit._, ii., 13.

[193] Maitland, 200 (cited also by Wattenbach, see p. 112).

[194] Loup Ferrar, _Epist._, 62.

[195] Mont., vii., 178.

[196] _Petr. Diac. Chron. Cassin L._, iii., chap. xxxv.

[197] Mabillon, _Annal._, book 70, chap. vi.

[198] Maitland, 67.

[199] _Travels in Persia_, ii., 582.

[200] Gabr. Naudé, _Addit. à l’Histoire de Lowys XI._, par Comines, edit. de Fresnoy, iv., 281.

[201] Maitland, 68.

[202] Maitland, 70.

[203] Muratori, iii., 836.

[204] Montalembert, vi., 184.

[205] Murat., _Antiq._, iv., 789. (Quoted by Robertson as vol. ix. The work contains but six volumes.)

[206] 55, note.

[207] Maitland, 177.

[208] Fosbroke, 172.

[209] Maitland, 441.

[210] Lib. i., ep. xxiv., Bib. Clun., 653.

[211] Lib. iv., ch. xvii., Bib. Clun., 843.

[212] Watt., 482.

[213] _Iter Ital._, iv., 3.

[214] Valéry, _Correspondance de Mabillon et de Montfaucon_, i., 185.

[215] J. W. Clark, _Libraries in Mediæval Periods_, 12.

[216] Clark, 13.

[217] Quoted by Clark, 21.

[218] Clark, 27.

[219] Clark, 42.

[220] Maitland, 286.

[221] Blume, _Iter Ital._, i., 41.

[222] Bede, v., 20.

[223] Alcuin, _De Epp. Eborac_, v., 532. (See p. 108.)

[224] _Recherches sur l’Ancienne Bibliothèque de Corbie_, par Léopold Delisle. _Mém. de l’Institut_, xxiv., 266-342.

[225] _Gesch. der Stifts-Bibliothek_, Weidmann, 1841 (p. 486, Watt.).

[226] Wattenbach, 486.

[227] _Mon. Boic._, vii., 40, cited by Wattenbach.

[228] _Chron. Teg._ in Pez, _Thes._, iii., 3, 516.

[229] “Die Kongregation der Schöttenkloster,” _Archäol. Zeitschrift_ von Otte. und Quast., i., 55.

[230] Reifferscheid, quoted by Wattenbach, p. 489.

[231] Cod. 93, Schrift. v. Merlet, s. 263.

[232] Schulte, in d. _Wiener_, lxviii., 37 (Wattenbach, p. 490).

[233] _Arundel Catal._, p. 22.

[234] Guérard, _Cartulaire de St. Père-de-Ch._, ii., 395.

[235] Merlet, _Catal. des Livres de l’Abbaye de St. P.-de-Ch. au XIe Siècle_.

[236] Merryweather, p. 134. Dugdale, _Monast. Anglican_, ii., 24.

[237] Bentham, _Church of Ely_, p. 52, and Stevenson’s supplement to the same, p. 167.

[238] _Mecklenburger Urkundenbuch_, i., 501.

[239] Mone, _Zeitschr. f. Gesch. d. Oberrh._, viii., 308.

[240] Watt., p. 495.

[241] Pez, _Thes._, iii., 3, 541.

[242] Merzdorf, _Bibliothek Unterh._, N. S., 1850, p. 7.

[243] Blume, _Iter Ital._, ii., 78.

[244] _Histoire Lit. de la France_, xxiii., 710-714.

[245] A. Franklin, 224.

[246] Franklin, i., 340.

[247] Franklin, i., 257.

[248] J. Mone, _Im Anz. d. deutsch. Vorzeit_, vi., 255.

[249] _Codex Carolinus_, Jaffé. _Bibl._, iv., 101.

[250] Watt., p. 501.

[251] _Adem. Caban._, iii., 54.

[252] Watt., p. 502.

[253] Barrois, iv., 2.

[254] _Bibliothèque d. l’École de Chartres_, série v., iii., 45.

[255] Le Roux d. Lincy, in the _Bibl. de Lec. des Ch._, série iii., i., 151.

[256] Wilkens, _Gesch. d. Heidelb. Büchersammlungen_.

[257] Martin, Erzherzogin Mechthild, in _Der Zeitschrift für Gesch. Freiburgs_., 1871.

[258] The great work of Rashdall on the Universities of the Middle Ages was, unfortunately for me, published too late in 1895, to be available for use in the preparation of this chapter. It seemed proper, however, to include its title in my bibliography.

[259] Laurie, 69.

[260] Laurie, 101.

[261] Compayré, 112.

[262] Tiraboschi, Girolamo, _Litteratura Italiana_, tom. v., lib. i., p. 4.

[263] Tiraboschi, v., ii., 39.

[264] Savigny, i., 590.

[265] Kirchhoff, 23.

[266] Denifle, _op. cit._, iii., 295.

[267] Compayré, 231.

[268] Compayré, 250.

[269] Compayré, 61.

[270] Crévier, _Hist. de l’Université de Paris_, vii., 92.

[271] Compayré, 19.

[272] _Ibid._, 23.

[273] _Ibid._, 24.

[274] Malden, 15.

[275] Fournier, i., 8, cited by Compayré.

[276] Chevillier, Preface.

[277] Delalain, xi.

[278] _Recueil des Priviléges de Paris_, 1-9.

[279] _Cartulaire de l’Univ. de Paris_, i., 59.

[280] _Recueil des Priviléges_, v., 88.

[281] _Recueil des Priviléges._

[282] Pierre de Blois, cited by Vallet de Viriville, 96.

[283] Delalain, xi.

[284] Guérard, _Cartulaire de l’Église de Notre Dame de Paris_, iii., 73. 1270.

[285] Chassant, _Dict. des Abréviations Latines et Françaises Usitées dans les Manuscrits_, Paris, 1864.

[286] Chevillier, _op. cit._, 347.

[287] _Recueil des Priviléges_, 1674, 89, 95.

[288] _Actes Concernants le Pouvoir_, etc., _de l’Université de Paris_.

[289] The _livre Parisis_. De Wailly, cited by Delalain, xxix.

[290] Denifle, iii., 29.

[291] The _livre Parisis_ was the equivalent of twenty sols or twenty-five francs. The _sol_ equalled twelve deniers or one franc, or twenty cents. The _denier_ was of the value of one and three-fifths cents. In considering these “equivalents,” due allowance must of course be made for the very much larger purchasing power possessed by money in the fourteenth century than in the nineteenth. De Wailly, cited by Delalain, xxix., xl.

[292] Denifle, iii., 280.

[293] This regulation was identical with that of Bologna.

[294] Delalain, p. xxxvi.

[295] Delalain, p. xxxvi.

[296] Du Breuil, _op. cit._, 608.

[297] Kirchhoff, 68. Delalain (xl.) specifies a limit of 10 _sols_, 10.13 francs. This is, I think, an error.

[298] _Lettres Obtenues par des Imprimeurs et Libraires_, etc., 1649. _Recueil_, i., 3.

[299] Thurot, p. 65, cited by Compayré, 188.

[300] _Opus Major_, cited by Compayré, 188.

[301] Delisle, _Cartulaire de Normandie, Mém. des Antiquaires de Normandie_, 1852, ii., 6, 326.

[302] _Oper. Inedita._ Ed. Brewer, p. 13, Watt., 470.

[303] Broderie, _Bibl. de l’École de Chartres_, v., 3. 49. Watt., p. 472.

[304] The “Stationers or Text-Writers who wrote and sold all sorts of books then in use” secured their privileges as a Guild in 1403 from the Lord Mayor and Board of Aldermen of London.

The Company had, however, no control over printed books until it received its charter from Mary and Philip, in 1557. Curwen, 18.

[305] Kirchhoff, 115.

[306] Kirchhoff, 187.

[307] Paulsen, 41.

[308] _Griech. u. Lat. Messen._, p. 155.

[309] (V., 4, 22.)

[310] p. 449.

[311] Wipo, _Tetralogus_, v., 197 _ff._

[312] Wattenbach, 450.

[313] _Mab. Acta. Ss._, ii., 445, Ed. Ven.

[314] _Vita Benedicti Abb._, c. 4, 6, 9, cited by Wattenbach, p. 450.

[315] _Chron. Fontanell._, c. 7; _Mon. Germ._, ii., 274.

[316] _De Pontiff Eborac._, v. 1453; _Alcuini Opera_, ii., 256; _Bibl._, vi., 125.

[317] p. 451.

[318] _Georg. Cedrenus._, i., 444, Ed. Bonn.

[319] Wattenbach, 452.

[320] Grimm, _Kleine Schriften_, v., 191.

[321] _Vita S. Ludovici_, Gaufrido de Belloloco, Bouq. xx., 15.

[322] Wattenbach, 457.

[323] Westwood, _Miniatures and Ornaments_, xxii., 6.

[324] Gesta. Abb. Gemblacensium, _Mon. Germ. Ss._, viii., 540.

[325] Wattenbach, 459.

[326] Wittwer, in Steichele’s _Arch. f. Gesch. der Bisth._, Augsburg, iii., 164.

[327] Wattenbach, p. 465.

[328] Mone, in der _Zeitsch. f. Gesch. der Oberrh._, i., 309, 310.

[329] _Philobiblon_, c. 8.

[330] _Iter Ital._, iv., 179.

[331] _Epp. Leon. Aret._, Ed. Mehus., iv., 8.

[332] _Ambrogii Epistolæ_, Ed. Mehus., p. 517.

[333] The Faculty of theology in Bologna was not established until 1352, but the statement is sufficiently correct for the period here referred to.

[334] Blume, _Iter_, vol. ii., p. 71.

[335] Poggii Florentini, _Opera_, Argentinæ, 1513, vol. ii., 102.

[336] Schier, _De Regia Bibliothecæ Budensis_, Viennæ, 1799, vol. viii., 21.

[337] Denis, tom. i., 849.

[338] Mittarelli, p. 258.

[339] Tiraboschi, ii., 40.

[340] Mittarelli, 383.

[341] Mittarelli, 933.

[342] Mucciolo, J. M., _Catalogus Codd. Mss. Malatest Cæsan._ Biblioth. Fratr. Min. Convent, i., 95. Cæsanæ, 1780.

[343] Petit-Radel, _Recherches sur les Bibliothèques Anciennes_, etc., Paris, 1819, p. 155.

[344] Kirchhoff, p. 40.

[345] p. 41.

[346] Bandini, _Codd. Lat._, ii., 727.

[347] Pasini, _Rivantella et Berta_, pars ii., 77.

[348] Endlicher, _Catalogus Codd. MSS. Biblioth. Palat. Vendo Bonensis_, tom. i., 89.

[349] Martene et Durand, tom. iii., 536.

[350] Coxe, _Coll. Lincoln_, tom. i., pp. 31 and 32.

[351] Kirchhoff, _Weitere Beiträge_, vii., 8.

[352] Filelfo, _Epistolæ_, x., 25.

[353] Bandini, _Codd. Lat._, tom. ii., 145.

[354] Bandini, _Codd. Lat._, tom. ii., 251.

[355] Kirchhoff, p. 55.

[356] _History of the Mohammedan Dynasties in Spain._ By Ahmed Ibu Mohammed Al-Makkari, translated by Pascual de Gayangos. 2 vols., quarto. London, 1843.

[357] Géraud, H., _Paris sous Philippe-le-Bel_, Paris, 1837, iv., 608.

[358] Petit-Radel, 106.

[359] Kirchhoff, 62.

[360] _Catalogue Général des Manuscrits des Bibliothèques Publiques_, etc., Paris, 1849, tom. i., 172.