Chapter XLII: Appendix: Official Programmes of the Socialistic Organisations

SOCIAL DEMOCRATIC FEDERATION

_Programme and Rules as revised previous to the Annual
Conference held at the Labour Institute, Bradford, Easter
1906_

_Object._--The Social-Democratic Federation is a part of the International Social-Democracy. It believes:--

1. That the emancipation of the working class can only be achieved through the socialisation of the means of production, distribution, and exchange, and their subsequent control by the organised community in the interests of the whole people.

2. That, as the proletariat is the last class to achieve freedom, its emancipation will mean the emancipation of the whole of mankind, without distinction of race, nationality, creed, or sex.

3. That this emancipation can only be the work of the working class itself,[1287] organised nationally and internationally into a distinct political party, consciously striving after the realisation of its ideals: and, finally,

4. That, in order to ensure greater material and moral facilities for the working class to organise itself and to carry on the class war, the following reforms must immediately be carried through:--

IMMEDIATE REFORMS

_Political._--Abolition of the Monarchy.

Democratisation of the Governmental machinery, viz. Abolition of the House of Lords, Payment of Members of Legislative and Administrative bodies. Payment of Official Expenses of Elections out of the Public Funds, Adult Suffrage, Proportional Representation, Triennial Parliaments, Second Ballot, Initiative, and Referendum. Foreigners to be granted rights of citizenship after two years' residence in the country, without any fees. Canvassing to be made illegal. All elections to take place on one day, such day to be made a legal holiday and all premises licensed for the sale of intoxicating liquors to be closed.

Legislation by the people in such wise that no legislative proposal shall become law until ratified by the majority of the people.

Legislative and Administrative independence for all parts of the Empire.

_Financial and Fiscal._--Repudiation of the National Debt.

Abolition of all indirect taxation and the institution of a cumulative tax on all incomes and inheritances exceeding _300l._

_Administrative._--Extension of the principle of Local Self-Government.

Systematisation and co-ordination of the local administrative bodies.

Election of all administrators and administrative bodies by Equal Direct Adult Suffrage.

_Educational._--Elementary education to be free, secular, industrial, and compulsory for all classes. The age of obligatory school attendance to be raised to 16.

Unification and systematisation of intermediate and higher education, both general and technical, and all such education to be free.

State Maintenance for all attending State schools.

Abolition of school rates; the cost of education in all State schools to be borne by the National Exchequer.

_Public Monopolies and Services._--Nationalisation of the land and the organisation of labour in agriculture and industry under public ownership and control on co-operative principles.

Nationalisation of the Trusts.

Nationalisation of Railways, Docks, and Canals, and all great means of transit.

Public ownership and control of Gas, Electric Light, and Water supplies, as well as of Tramway, Omnibus, and other locomotive services.

Public ownership and control of the food and coal supply.

The establishment of State and municipal banks and pawnshops and public restaurants.

Public ownership and control of the lifeboat service.

Public ownership and control of hospitals, dispensaries, cemeteries, and crematoria.

Public ownership and control of the drink traffic.

_Labour._--A legislative eight-hour working day, or 48 hours per week, to be the maximum for all trades and industries. Imprisonment to be inflicted on employers for any infringement of the law.

Absolute freedom of combination for all workers, with legal guarantee against any action, private or public, which tends to curtail or infringe it.

No child to be employed in any trade or occupation until 16 years of age, and imprisonment to be inflicted on employers, parents, and guardians who infringe this law.

Public provision of useful work at not less than trade union rates of wages for the unemployed.

Free State Insurance against sickness and accident, and free and adequate State pensions or provision for aged and disabled workers. Public assistance not to entail any forfeiture of political rights.

The legislative enactment of a minimum wage of _30s._ for all workers. Equal pay for both sexes for the performance of equal work.

_Social._--Abolition of the present workhouse system, and reformed administration of the Poor Law on a basis of national co-operation.

Compulsory construction by public bodies of healthy dwellings for the people; such dwellings to be let at rents to cover the cost of construction and maintenance alone, and not to cover the cost of the land.

The administration of justice and legal advice to be free to all; justice to be administered by judges chosen by the people; appeal in criminal cases; compensation for those innocently accused, condemned, and imprisoned; abolition of imprisonment for contempt of court in relation to non-payment of debt in the case of workers earning less than _2l._ per week; abolition of capital punishment.

_Miscellaneous._--The disestablishment and disendowment of all State Churches.

The abolition of standing armies, and the establishment of national citizen forces. The people to decide on peace and war.

The establishment of international courts of arbitration.

The abolition of courts-martial; all offences against discipline to be transferred to the jurisdiction of civil courts.

INDEPENDENT LABOUR PARTY

_Constitution and Rules. 1907-8_

_Object._--An Industrial Commonwealth founded upon the Socialisation of Land and Capital.

_Methods._--The education of the community in the principles of Socialism.

The Industrial and Political Organisation of the Workers.

The Independent Representation of Socialist Principles on all elective bodies.

_Programme._--The true object of industry being the production of the requirements of life, the responsibility should rest with the community collectively, therefore:

The land, being the storehouse of all the necessaries of life, should be declared and treated as public property.

The capital necessary for industrial operations should be owned and used collectively.

Work, and wealth resulting therefrom, should be equitably distributed over the population.

As a means to this end, we demand the enactment of the following measures:

1. A maximum of 48 hours working week, with the retention of all existing holidays, and Labour Day, May 1, secured by law.

2. The provision of work to all capable adult applicants at recognised trade union rates, with a statutory minimum of sixpence per hour.

In order to remuneratively employ the applicants, Parish, District, Borough, and County Councils to be invested with powers to:

(_a_) Organise and undertake such industries as they may
consider desirable.

(_b_) Compulsorily acquire land; purchase, erect, or
manufacture buildings, stock, or other articles for
carrying on such industries.

(_c_) Levy rates on the rental values of the district, and
borrow money on the security of such rates for any of the
above purposes.

3. State pensions for every person over 50 years of age, and adequate provision for all widows, orphans, sick, and disabled workers.

4. Free secular, moral, primary, secondary, and university education, with free maintenance while at school or university.

5. The raising of the age of child labour, with a view to its ultimate extinction.

6. Municipalisation and public control of the drink traffic.

7. Municipalisation and public control of all Hospitals and Infirmaries.

8. Abolition of indirect taxation and the gradual transference of all public burdens on to unearned incomes with a view to their ultimate extinction.

The Independent Labour Party is in favour of adult suffrage, with full political rights and privileges for women, and the immediate extension of the franchise to women on the same terms as granted to men; also triennial Parliaments and second ballot.

THE LABOUR PARTY

has no official programme. A semi-official programme, contained in a statement of its Secretary, Mr. Ramsay Macdonald, M.P., will be found on page 425 of this book.

THE FABIAN SOCIETY

_Basis._--The Fabian Society consists of Socialists.

It therefore aims at the reorganisation of Society by the emancipation of Land and Industrial Capital from individual and class ownership, and the vesting of them in the community for the general benefit. In this way only can the natural and acquired advantages of the country be equitably shared by the whole people.

The Society accordingly works for the extinction of private property in Land and of the consequent individual appropriation, in the form of Rent, of the price paid for permission to use the earth, as well as for the advantages of superior soils and sites.

The Society, further, works for the transfer to the community of the administration of such industrial Capital as can conveniently be managed socially. For, owing to the monopoly of the means of production in the past, industrial inventions and the transformation of surplus income into Capital have mainly enriched the proprietary class, the worker being now dependent on that class for leave to earn a living.

If these measures be carried out, without compensation (though not without such relief to expropriated individuals as may seem fit to the community), Rent and Interest will be added to the reward of labour, the idle class now living on the labour of others will necessarily disappear, and practical equality of opportunity will be maintained by the spontaneous action of economic forces with much less interference with personal liberty than the present system entails.

For the attainment of these ends the Fabian Society looks to the spread of Socialist opinions, and the social and political changes consequent thereon, including the establishment of equal citizenship for men and women. It seeks to achieve these ends by the general dissemination of knowledge as to the relation between the individual and Society in its economic, ethical, and political aspects.

THE SOCIALIST PARTY OF GREAT BRITAIN

_Object._--The establishment of a system of society based upon the common ownership and democratic control of the means and instruments for producing and distributing wealth by and in the interest of the whole community.

DECLARATION OF PRINCIPLES

The Socialist Party of Great Britain holds that society as at present constituted is based upon the ownership of the means of living (_i.e._ land, factories, railways, &c.) by the capitalist or master class, and the consequent enslavement of the working class, by whose labour alone wealth is produced.

That in society, therefore, there is an antagonism of interests, manifesting itself as a class struggle, between those who possess but do not produce, and those who produce but do not possess.

That this antagonism can be abolished only by the emancipation of the working class from the domination of the master class, by the conversion into the common property of society of the means of production and distribution, and their democratic control by the whole people.

That as in the order of social evolution the working class is the last class to achieve its freedom, the emancipation of the working class will involve the emancipation of all mankind, without distinction of race or sex.

That this emancipation must be the work of the working class itself.

That as the machinery of government, including the armed forces of the nation, exists only to conserve the monopoly by the capitalist class of the wealth taken from the workers, the working class must organise consciously and politically for the conquest of the powers of government, national and local, in order that this machinery, including these forces, may be converted from an instrument of oppression into the agent of emancipation, and the overthrow of privilege, aristocratic and plutocratic.

That as all political parties are but the expression of class interests, and as the interest of the working class is diametrically opposed to the interests of all sections of the master class, the party seeking working-class emancipation must be hostile to every other party.

The Socialist Party of Great Britain, therefore, enters the field of political action determined to wage war against all other political parties, whether alleged labour or avowedly capitalist, and calls upon the members of the working class of this country to muster under its banner to the end that a speedy termination may be wrought to the system which deprives them of the fruits of their labour, and that poverty may give place to comfort, privilege to equality, and slavery to freedom.

PLATFORM OF THE SOCIALIST LABOUR PARTY

The Socialist Labour Party is a political organisation seeking to establish political and social freedom for all, and seeing in the conquest by the Socialist Working Class of all the governmental and administrative powers of the nation the means to the attainment of that end.

It affirms its belief that political and social freedom are not two separate and unrelated ideas, but are two sides of the one great principle, each being incomplete without the other.

The course of society politically has been from warring but democratic tribes within each nation to a united government under an absolutely undemocratic monarchy. Within this monarchy again developed revolts against its power, revolts at first seeking to limit its prerogatives only, then demanding the inclusion of certain classes in the governing power, then demanding the right of the subject to criticise and control the power of the monarch, and finally, in the most advanced countries this movement culminated in the total abolition of the monarchical institution, and the transformation of the subject into the citizen.

In industry a corresponding development has taken place. The independent producer, owning his own tools and knowing no master, has given way before the more effective productive powers of huge capital, concentrated in the hands of the great capitalist. The latter, recognising no rights in his workers, ruled as an absolute monarch in his factory. But within the realm of capital developed a revolt against the power of the capitalist. This revolt, taking the form of trade unionism, has pursued in the industrial field the same line of development as the movement for political freedom has pursued in the sphere of national government. It first contented itself with protests against excessive exactions, against all undue stretchings of the power of the capitalist; then its efforts broadened out to demands for restrictions upon the absolute character of such power, _i.e._, by claiming for trade unions the right to make rules for the workers in the workshop; then it sought to still further curb the capitalist's power by shortening the working day, and so limiting the period during which the toiler may be exploited. Finally, it seeks by Boards of Arbitration to establish an equivalent in the industrial world for that compromise in the political world by which, in constitutional countries, the monarch retains his position by granting a parliament to divide with him the duties of governing, and so hides while securing his power. And as in the political history of the race the logical development of progress was found in the abolition of the institution of monarchy, and not in its mere restriction, so in industrial history the culminating point to which all efforts must at last converge lies in the abolition of the capitalist class, and not in the mere restriction of its powers.

The Socialist Labour Party, recognising these two phases of human development, unites them in its programme, and seeks to give them a concrete embodiment by its demand for a Socialist Republic.

It recognises in all past history a preparation for this achievement, and in the industrial tendencies of to-day it hails the workings out of those laws of human progress which bring that object within our reach.

The concentration of capital in the form of trusts at the same time as it simplifies the task we propose that society shall undertake, viz. the dispossession of the capitalist class, and the administration of all land and instruments of industry as social property, of which all shah be co-heirs and owners.

As to-day the organised power of the State theoretically guarantees to every individual his political rights, so in the Socialist Republic the power and productive forces of organised society will stand between every individual and want, guaranteeing that right to life without which all other rights are but mockery.

Short of the complete dispossession of the capitalist class which this implies there is no hope for the workers.

SPEED THE DAY.

THE CHRISTIAN SOCIAL UNION

The Union consists of members of the Church of England who have the following objects at heart:--

1. To claim for the Christian law the ultimate authority to rule social practice.

2. To study in common how to apply the moral truths and principles of Christianity to the social and economic difficulties of the present time.

3. To present Christ in practical life as the living Master and King, the enemy of wrong and selfishness, the power of righteousness and love.

THE CHURCH SOCIALIST LEAGUE

_Principles._--The Church has a mission to the whole of human life, Social and Individual, Material and Spiritual.

2. The Church can best fulfil its social mission by acting together in its corporate capacity.

3. To this end the members of the League accept the principles of Socialism.

_Object._--To secure the corporate action of the Church on these principles.

_Method._--1. To cultivate by the regular use of prayer and sacraments the life of brotherhood.

2. Members undertake to help each other in fulfilling the object of the League by speaking and lecturing and in other ways.

3. Members shall co-operate as far as possible to secure the consideration of social questions at their various Ruridecanal and Diocesan Conferences and the election of Socialists on these and other representative bodies.

4. Members shall work for the disestablishment of the patron and the substitution of the Church in each parish in conjunction with the Church in the diocese in the patron's place.

5. To secure the representation of the wage-earning classes upon all the representative bodies of the Church.

GUILD OF ST. MATTHEW

_Objects._--1. To get rid, by every possible means, of the existing prejudices, especially on the part of "Secularists," against the Church, her sacraments and her doctrines: and to endeavour to "justify God to the people."

2. To promote frequent and reverent worship in the Holy Communion, and a better observance of the teaching of the Church of England as set forth in the Book of Common Prayer.

3. To promote the study of social and political questions in the light of the Incarnation.

FOOTNOTES:

[1287] This paragraph is not to be understood as debarring individual members of the possessing classes from participating in the work of the movement.

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ANALYTICAL INDEX

NOTE.--_The abbreviation "f." following a page number
signifies "and following page"; "ff." "and following pages."_

ABSOLUTISM, Socialism makes for, 460 ff.

ABSTINENCE, Co-operation, and Thrift denounced by Socialists, 131 ff.,
311 ff.

ADMINISTRATION, Imperial, Socialist views regarding, 179 f.
National, Socialist views regarding, 213 f.

ADULT suffrage demanded, 213

ADULTERATION, cause of, 84 f.

AGITATORS, Socialistic, appeal to passions, 10, 446, 470
Socialist wish to govern themselves, 411

AGRICULTURE, Socialist views on, 261 ff., 288 ff.

AIMS and policy of Socialists, 92 ff.

ALCOHOLIC DRINK, expenditure of British workers on, 166, 319, 479

ALLOTMENTS, 262 ff.

ANANIAS, the story of, 385

ANARCHISM and Socialism, similarity of views and aims of, and connection
between them, 81, 90, 118, 328, 381 f., 394 ff.

ANARCHISTS, Chicago, and Socialists, 401 f.

ANGLO-FRENCH agreements, views of Socialists on, 188

ANTWERP DOCK strike, 295

APPROPRIATION without adequate compensation is theft, 102

ARBITRATION, international, Socialists on, 188, 190 f.

ARMED nation, why many Socialists are in favour of, 193 ff.

ARMIES, standing, are to be dissolved, 194 ff.

ARMY reform of Mr. Haldane, condemned by Socialists, 197 ff.
Socialist propaganda to undermine discipline and cause revolt in, 200 ff.
Socialist proposals regarding the, 192 ff.

ASSIGNATS, history of the, 283 f.

ATHEISM, Socialism and, 354 ff.

BANKS and banking, Socialist views on, 258 f., 278 ff.

BARRICADES, Socialist views on, 258 f., 278 ff.

BARTER, international, proposed by Socialists, 279

BENEFICENCE, sense of, relied on by Socialists as principal motive in
men, 458 f.

BETTING, expenditure of working men on, 166

BLACKLEGS, British, in Antwerp and Hamburg, 295 f.

BREMEN, Socialism in, 440

BRITISH EMPIRE--_see_ Empire, British

BROTHERHOOD OF MAN promised and proclaimed by Socialists, 25 f.,
185 ff., 370, 382, 444

BUDGET, national, Socialist proposals regarding, 160 ff.

CADE, JACK, 326 f.

CAPITAL is theft, 81 f., 102, 370
national growth of, owing to savings of capitalists, 64 f.
private, cannot leave the country, 153 f.
is immoral, 80 ff.
is not to be tolerated, 152 ff.
why its constant increase is necessary, 45

CAPITALISTS and landowners are thieves, 38, 102, 370 f.
and workers, division of national income between, 40 ff., 75 ff.
relations between, 30 ff., 75 ff.
are the managers and trustees of the national wealth, 35
employ labour only at a profit, 33
exploit the poor, 31, 75 ff.
greatest, were originally working men, 60
live in idleness, 30, 75 ff.
maintain the workers, not the workers the capitalists, 168
private, are responsible for commercial crises, 67 ff.
are responsible for unemployment, 65 ff., 125 f.
useless and unnecessary, 155, 168
benefit from unemployment, 69 f.
have no rights and no claims to consideration, 154
their disappearance would be a blessing, 155, 168
usefulness of, 64 f., 168, 315

CARNEGIE, ANDREW, on drink, 321 f.

CATECHISM for the mob, 367
the Red, 372 ff.

CHEAPNESS, Socialist views on, 290 ff.

CHICAGO Anarchists and Socialists, 401 f.

CHILDREN, free maintenance of, demanded, 138
free meals for--_see_ Free Maintenance
production of, to be regulated by the State, 347 f.
will belong not to parents but to society, 345 f.
will belong to parents, 348

CHRIST, name of, used for electioneering purposes, 363

CHRISTIAN Socialism, 375 ff.
programmes of, 490 f.

CHRISTIANITY and religion, Socialist attitude towards, 354 ff.

CIVILISATION, Socialist views on, 11 ff.

"CLARION," circulation of, 437

CLASS war doctrine, the, 72 ff.
disproved, 79

CLASSES of society, are there only two? 72 ff.

CLERGY, Socialist views on the, 13

COAL, production of, in 1845, 475

COBDEN, Socialists on, 287

CODE NAPOLEON, 329, 344

COIN--_see_ Money

COMMANDMENTS, the capitalists' ten, 368
the Socialist ten, 371 f.

COMMONS, House of, Socialist views on the, 209 ff.

COMMUNE of Paris, Socialists and the insurrection of the, 407 ff.

COMMUNISM and Socialism, 381 ff.
early Christian, 386
in Sparta, 389
of Fourier, 392 f.
Socialist recommendations of, 21, 381 ff.
why it is impossible, 393

COMMUNIST manifesto quoted, 77 f., 92, 103, 107, 112, 183 f., 332 f., 405

COMMUNITY of women, 331 ff.

COMPENSATION has no place in Socialist ethics, 100 f.
or no compensation in expropriating private property? 95 ff., 149 f.

COMPETITION and co-operation, 82 ff., 312 ff., 444 ff., 470

COMPLAINTS, the, of Socialists, 30 ff.

COMPULSORY labour, necessity of, in Socialist commonwealth, 455 ff.

CONFISCATION, plans of, 95 ff.
probable result of, 168 f., 251 f., 254

CONTRACT, freedom of, useless to workers, 33

CO-OPERATION and competition, 82 ff., 312 ff., 444 ff., 470
cannot benefit British worker, 31
greatly benefits British worker, 315 ff.
is opposed by Socialists, 84, 131 ff., 311 ff.
thrift and abstinence denounced by Socialists, 131 ff., 311 ff.

CO-OPERATIVE societies, record and statistics of the British, 315 ff.

COURTS-MARTIAL, Socialist agitation against, 201 f.

CRIME--_see_ Justice, Theft

CRIMES, sexual, Socialist views on, 340 ff.

CRISES caused by private capitalists, 67 ff.
could they be prevented by Socialists? 70 f., 124 f.

CROWN, the--_see_ also Monarchy
is unfit to administer the Empire, 179

CURRENCY--_see_ Money

DEBT, Local, huge increase and danger of, 246 ff.
Local, will it be repudiated? 248
National, repudiation of, 110, 156 ff.

DEMONETISATION of gold and silver--see Money

DESERTION of family, frequency of, 307

DISARMAMENT, Socialists and, 189 ff.

DISTRIBUTION, alteration of, will abolish misery, 65 ff.
is more important than production, 65 ff.
disproved, 70 f.

DIVISION, general, of existing property disclaimed, 93
is the principal aim of Socialists, 471 f.

DOCTRINES, fundamental, of Socialism, 50 ff.

DOWNING STREET, Socialist views regarding government from, 179 f.

DRINK, expenditure of workers on, 166, 319, 479

DRUNKENNESS, condemned and combated by foreign Socialists, 322 ff.
excused and encouraged by British Socialists, 319 ff.

DUTIES--_see_ Budget

ECONOMIC policy of Great Britain, 474 ff.

EDUCATION, Socialist views and proposals on, 302 ff.

EMIGRATION, 476 f.

EMPIRE, British, federation of, opposed by Socialists, 173 f.
federation of, is necessary, 478
German Socialists' views on the, 181 f.
has been a failure, 179
Socialists and the, 170 ff.

EMPLOYERS and capitalists benefit from unemployment, 69 f.
and workers' interests are opposed, 77
identical, 79
are useless, 168

ENGLAND--_see_ Great Britain

ENTERPRISE, Governmental and municipal, inefficiency and wastefulness
of, 85 ff., 251 ff.
municipal, 240 ff.
is undertaken regardless of cost and profit, 252 ff.

EQUALITY of all races proclaimed by Socialists, 185 ff.

ESPERANTO, why studied by Socialists, 188

ESTATE Duty--_see_ Budget

EXPENDITURE, local, 246

EXPROPRIATION of private property without compensation, 95 ff., 149 f.

FABIAN SOCIETY, details regarding, 94, 418 ff.
programme of, 486 f.

FAMILY, desertion of, very frequent, 307
Karl Marx on, 332
Socialism and the, 330 ff.

FATALISM of Socialists, 327 f., 360 f.

FEDERATION, Imperial, opposed by Socialists, 173 f.
why necessary, 478

FEEDING of school-children--_see_ Free Maintenance

FISCAL policy, Socialist views on, 285 ff.
reform, why it is necessary, 474 ff.

FOOD--_see_ Agriculture and Protection

FORCED labour, necessity of, in Socialist Commonwealth, 455 ff.

FOREIGN policy, Socialist views on, 183 ff.

FOURIER, Communism of, 392 f.

FRANCE, aspect of, before the Revolution, 433

FRANCHISE and suffrage in Great Britain and other countries, 213

FREEDOM of contract useless to workers, 33

FREE love, 330 ff.
maintenance for children, 138, 303 ff.
trade and protection, Karl Marx on, 300
Socialist views on, 285 ff.
why it must be abandoned, 474 ff.

FRONTIERS are to be abolished, 184 ff.

GAMBLING spirit in Englishmen, 459

GERMAN and British Socialism compared, 88, 236, 432 f.
Socialists' patriotic and imperial attitude, 181 f., 190 f., 205, 433
views on colonial policy, 181 f, 190 f.
Great Britain, 181 f., 190 f.

GERMANY, composition of electorate in, 440

GLASGOW, vast Socialist plans regarding, 252

GOD--_see_ Religion

GOLD and silver money are to be abolished, 21, 258 f., 278 ff.

GOVERNMENT--_see also_ Administration
complaints about, 11 f., 394 ff., 411 ff.
of Socialist State, 463 ff.

GREAT BRITAIN, aspect of, resembles pre-Revolution France, 433
changed economic position of, 475 ff.
dangerous position of, 484 f.
German Socialists' views on, 181 f., 190 f.

GRIEVANCES of Socialists, 30 ff.

GRONLAND advises Socialists to appeal to the passions, 10

HALDANE, Mr., and Woolwich Arsenal dismissals, 296

HAMBURG DOCK strike, 295

HISTORY, all, is untrue, 91

HOME--_see_ Family

HOME RULE, Socialists and, 180

HOUSE OF COMMONS, Socialist views on the, 209 ff.

HOUSE OF LORDS, Socialist views on the, 211
to be abolished, 109, 110, 216 i.

HUMAN nature and Socialism, 444 ff.

HUNGRY children--_see_ Free Maintenance

IDLING, how it is to be prevented, 457 ff.

IMMORALITY, sexual, Socialist views regarding, 336 ff.

IMPERIAL federation opposed by Socialists, 173 f.

INCOME, national, how divided between capitalists and workers, 40 ff.,
75 ff.
of workers and capitalists compared, 40 ff, 75 ff.

INCOME-TAX--_see_ Budget

INCREASING misery, law of, 56 ff.
disproved, 57 f.

INDEBTEDNES, local, 246 ff.

INDEPENDENT LABOUR PARTY, details regarding, 417 f., 435 f.
programme of, 485 f.

INDIA, Socialist views and aims regarding, 174 ff.

INHERITANCE, right of, 103 ff., 108

INTEMPERANCE--_see_ Drink, Drunkenness, Temperance

INTEREST, profit and rent are theft, 38, 80 ff., 102, 371, 374
Socialist objections to, 38, 80, 258 f., 280 f.

INTERNATIONAL Arbitration, Socialists on, 188, 190 f.
relations, Socialist views on, 183 ff., 469

INTOXICATING drink--_see_ Drink, Drunkenness, Temperance

IRON law of wages, 53 ff., 245, 312 f., 319 f.
disproved, 54 ff., 313 f., 320

JUDGES, English, Socialists on, 325 f.

JUSTICE and Law, Socialist Views regarding, 100 f., 114, 325 ff., 396 f.

KEIR HARDIE resembles John the Baptist, 28

LABOUR CHURCH, the, and its teaching, 369
fewer hours of, promised by Socialists, 117 f.
forced, would be necessary in Socialist commonwealth, 455 ff.
is the only source of wealth, 50 ff.
disproved, 52
organisation of, in Socialist commonwealth, 455 ff.
Party, details regarding, 424 ff.
informal programme of, 425 f.
representation committee, details regarding, 424
remuneration of, in Socialist commonwealth, 450 ff.
sweated, proposals regarding, 461
time theory, 450 f.

LABOURER is entitled to entire product of labour, 38, 61, 451
absurdity of demand, 62 ff., 451 ff.
receives only from one-third to one-fifth of his rightful wage, 30,
43, 48 f.

LABOURERS, rural, 266 f.

LAND--_see_ also Agriculture
and Landlords and Socialists, 145 ff.
belongs to all, 102 f., 145 ff.
individual men have no right to, 102 f., 145 ff.
is to be had rent free from Socialist State, 146
is not to be had rent free from Socialist State, 146 f.
is to be seized without compensation to owners, 95 ff., 149 f., 486
property in, is robbery, 38, 102, 145 ff., 370

LAND settlement policy of Socialists, 262 ff.

LAND Tax--_see_ Budget

LANDOWNERS and capitalists are thieves, 38, 102

LAW and Justice, Socialist views regarding, 100 f., 114, 325 ff., 396 f.
iron, of wages, 53 ff., 245, 312 f., 319 f.
disproved, 54 ff., 313 t, 320
of increasing misery, 56 ff.
disproved, 57 f.

LAZINESS, how it is to be prevented, 457 ff.

LIBERAL PARTY, Socialist dissatisfaction with, 233 ff.
views of and attitude towards the, 226 ff.

LITERATURE, Socialist, increase of sales of, 435 ff.

LOAFERS and tramps, ideal conditions for, to be created by Socialists, 254

LOCAL expenditure, 245 f.
Government, Socialist views and proposals regarding, 166, 240 ff.
indebtedness, 246 ff.

LONDON, fantastic schemes regarding, 249 ff.

LORDS, abolition of the House of, demanded, 109, 110, 216 f.
House of, views of Socialists on the, 211

LOVE, free, 330 ff.

MAGDEBURG, Socialism in, 440

MAINTENANCE, free, for children, demanded, 138, 303 ff.
why demanded, 138, 308

MAN, brotherhood of, promised and proclaimed by Socialists, 25 f.,
185 ff., 370, 382, 444
has no right to himself, 102
is not responsible for his actions, 327 f.

MAN, nature of, and Socialism, 444 ff.

MARRIAGE--_see also_ Family, Women
is akin to prostitution, 335 f.

MARX and Engels, Communists' manifesto quoted, 77 f., 92, 103, 107 f.,
112, 183 f., 332 f., 405

MARX, KARL, appreciation of, 89
on Christianity and religion, 359, 366
on Free Trade and Protection, 300
on women and the family, 332 f.
political programme of, 107 f.
unmerited praise of, 88 f.
was not a scientist, but a demagogue and a revolutionary, 472

MEALS, free, for school children--_see_ Free Maintenance

MEMBERS of Parliament, payment of, advocated, 213, 216

MIDDLE CLASS, importance of strengthening the, 441 ff.
Socialistic attempt to permeate the, 442 f.

MIDDLEMAN, promised suppression of, by Socialists is illusory, 241 f.

MILITARY LAW, Socialist agitation against, 201 f.

MILLIONAIRES are criminals, 81

MINES and minerals to be taken over without compensation, 149

MIR, the, 388

MIRABEAU on paper money, 283 f.

MISERY, law of, increasing, 56 ff.
disproved, 57 f.

MONARCHY, abolition of, 109, 110, 207 f.
Socialism and the, 207 f.

MONEY, abolition of gold and silver proposed, 21, 258, 278 ff.
consequences of, 279 f.
banks and banking, Socialist views on, 258 f., 278 ff.

MORALITY, sexual. Socialist views regarding, 336 ff.

MUNICIPAL and national enterprise, inefficiency and wastefulness of,
85 ff., 251 ff.
enterprise, 240 ff.
enterprises are undertaken regardless of cost and profit, 252 ff.
Socialism, 240 ff.

NATIONAL budget, Socialist views regarding, 160 ff.
debt, repudiation of, 110, 156 ff.
enterprise, inefficiency and wastefulness of, 85 ff., 251 ff.
income, how divided between capitalists and workers, 40 ff., 75 ff.

NATIONALISATION of land--_see_ Land

NATURE, human, and Socialism, 444 ff.

OFFENCES, sexual, Socialist views on, 340 ff.

OLD-AGE pensions, Socialist plans regarding, 19, 122 f.

OPINION, public, under Socialism, 466 f.

ORGANISATION of work proposed by Socialists, 17, 70 f., 124 I, 455 ff,
fallacies regarding, 70 f., 85 ff., 124 f., 241 f.

ORGANISATIONS, Socialist, and their policy, 415 ff.

OVER-PRODUCTION, complaints as to, 66 f.
are not justified, 70 f.
can it be prevented by Socialists? 70 f., 124 f.
is not the cause of crises and unemployment, but ill-balanced
production, 70 f.

OVERWORK, complaints of, 16

PAPER money, unlimited issues of, proposed, 258 f., 278 ff.
consequences of, 279 f.

PARIS Commune, Socialists and the insurrection of the, 407 ff.

PARLIAMENT, Socialism and, 209 ff.
Socialist spirit in, 437 f.
unofficial Socialists in, 438

PARLIAMENTARY Government to be abolished, 218 ff.

PARTIES, Socialist attitude towards the, 225 ff.
the Socialist and their policy, 415 ff.

PASSIONS, Socialists appeal to the, 10, 446, 470

PATRIOTISM, Socialism is destructive of, 114, 186 f., 202 ff.

PAUPERISM and distress, growth of, under Socialist regime, 242 f.

PAYMENT of Members of Parliament advocated, 213, 216

PEACE conference, 189 ff.

PEASANT proprietors are everywhere hostile to Socialism, 263
Socialists object to, 262 ff.

PEASANTRY, importance of re-creating the, 443

PENSIONS to workers, 19, 122

POLICY, agricultural, of Socialists--_see_ Agriculture
and aims of Socialists, 92 ff.
fiscal, of Socialists--_see_ Free Trade and Protection
foreign, of Socialists--_see_ Foreign Policy

POPLAR, 243

POSTAGE, Socialist proposals regarding, 166 f.

POST OFFICE, British, praised by Socialists, 21
condemned by Socialists, 411, 413
fallacies regarding business aptitude of, 85 ff.
servants, Socialist proposals regarding, 166 f.

POVERTY and drink and gambling, 166, 319, 479 f.
extravagant Socialist estimates of, 165, 242, 302 f.
complaints about, 16, 33, 165
of the poor is caused by wealth of the rich, 30, 34 ff., 161
disproved, 35, 159

PRESS, the, under Socialism, 466 f.

PRIVATE trader to be abolished, 242 ff.

PRODUCTION, ill-balanced, causes crises and unemployment, 70 f.
is carried on for the profit of a class, 36
is less important than distribution, 65 ff.
is more important than distribution, 71

PROFIT, what it is and why it is necessary, 39, 45
interest and rent are theft, 38, 80 ff., 102, 371, 374
the working at a, objected to, 33, 38 ff., 252 ff.
sharing in Socialist commonwealth, 459

PROGRAMME, political, of Karl Marx, 107 f.

PROGRAMMES of Socialism, 92, 107 ff., 481 ff.

PROPERTY--_see also_ Capital, Land, Mines
instinct of, is as old as humanity, 444

"PROPERTY is theft," 81 f., 102, 370 f.

PROPERTY, private, general division of, disclaimed, 93
is the real object of Socialism, 471 ff.
private, is immoral, 80 ff.
is to be acquired without compensation, 95 ff., 149 f., 486
ought to be abolished, 82, 92
Socialist plans regarding, 95 ff., 149 f.
right to, denned by Socialists, 80, 96 ff., 102, 145

PROSTITUTION, 339 ff.
is akin to marriage, 335 f.

PROTECTION, why it must be adopted, 474 ff.
and Free Trade, Karl Marx on, 300
Socialist views on, 285 ff.

PROUDHON quoted, 81, 90

PROVIDENCE--_see_ Thrift

PUBLIC opinion under Socialism, 466 f.

RAILWAY rates, preferential to foreigners denounced, 269 ff.

RAILWAYS and shipping, Socialist views on, 269 ff.
nationalisation of, demanded, 271 f.
seems too speculative an undertaking, 277
should be run free of charge to all, 272 ff.
wastefulness and inefficiency of, 269 ff.

RATES, alarming increase of, 245 f.
increase of, means increase of rent, 243, 245

RED CATECHISM, the, 372 ff.

REFERENDUM demanded by Socialists, 217 ff.
opposed by Socialists, 220

REFORM, fiscal, why it is necessary, 474 ff.
social, the true, 480

RELIGION and Christianity, Socialist attitude towards, 354 ff.
Socialism is a, 26, 364 ff.
Socialist views on present, 13, 354 ff.
the, of Socialism, 364 ff.

RENT, interest and profit are theft, 38, 80 ff., 102, 371, 374

REVOLUTION, French, parallels furnished to Socialist proposals by the,
168 f., 283 f, 352 f., 365 f.
aspect of France before the, 433
Socialists and, 404 ff.

REVOLUTIONARY aims and plans of Socialists, 77 ff., 112 ff., 183 ff.,
200 ff., 394 ff., 403, 404 ff., 410, 470 ff.

REVOLUTIONS always cause depravity of morals, 450

RICH, the, are the managers and trustees of the national wealth, 35
are thieves, 80, 102, 370 f.
cause poverty of the poor, 30, 34 ff., 161
disproved, 35, 159

RICHES of the rich are the cause of poverty, 30, 34 ff., 161
disproved, 35, 159

RIGHT to work, sinister aim of Socialists in proclaiming, 128 f.
disregarded by Socialists, 461

RIGHTS of individual defined, 102

ROBBERY encouraged by Socialists, 82, 114

ROCHDALE Pioneers, history of the, 315 f.

RURAL labourers, 266 f.

SAVING--_see_ Thrift

SAVINGS, contemplated confiscation of, 157 ff.

SAVINGS banks deposits, 46

SELFISHNESS and Socialism, 444 ff.

SEXUAL crimes. Socialist views on, 340 ff.
offences and crimes, 340 ff.

SMALL holdings, 262 ff.

SOCIAL-Democratic Federation, details regarding, 415 ff.
programme of, 481 ff.

SOCIALISM and Anarchism, similarity of views and aims of, and connection
between, 81, 90, 118, 328, 381 f., 394 ff.
and Christianity and religion, 354 ff.
and Communism, 381 ff.
and education, 302 ff.
and Free Trade and Protection, 285 ff.
and law and justice, 325 ff.
and the monarchy, 207 f.
and Parliament, 209 ff.
and revolution, 395 ff., 404 ff.
appeals to passions, 10, 446, 470
British and German compared, 88, 206
Christian, 375 ff.
definitions of, I ff., 390, 469
flourishes on dissatisfaction and misery, 131
fundamental doctrines of, 50 ff.
growth and danger of, 431 ff.
is a religion, 2, 26 ff., 364 ff.
is a science, 1, 2, 3, 87
is based, not on science, but on deception, 91
is destructive of patriotism, 114, 186 f., 202 ff.
is it possible? 444 ff.
is merely a plan of spoliation and of general division, 471 f.
is not a science, 87, 89 f., 470 ff.
means absolutism, 460 ff.
municipal, 240 ff.
disregards cost and profit, 252 ff.
presupposes perfect men, 444 ff.
principal demand of, 92
programme of, 92 ff.
progress of, how it may be checked, 440 ff.
promises to alter human nature, 448 f.
to abolish war, 186 f., 189
to make all races equal, 185 ff.
why it is impossible, 390 f., 444 ff.

SOCIALIST and Anarchist doctrines compared, 81, 90 f.
Labour Party, details regarding, 428
programme of, 488 ff.
literature, increase of sales of, 435 ff.
organisations, the, and their policy, 415 ff.
Party of Great Britain, details regarding, 428
programme of, 487 f.
spirit in Parliament, 437 f.
State, how will it be governed? 463 ff.
of the future, 5 f., 17 ff., 444 ff.
-enterprise, will it be more efficient than private enterprise? 85 ff.
Sunday schools, 369 ff.

SOCIALISTS, aims and policy of, 92 ff.
and Chicago Anarchists, 401 f.
and land and landlords, 145 ff.
and revolution, 395 ff., 404 ff.
and rural labourers, 266 f.
and terrorist outrages, 402 f.
and the Empire, 170 ff.
and the two Parties, 225 ff.
and the working masses, 115 ff.
and Trade Unionists, official connection between, 141 ff., 434 f.
relations between, 131 ff., 424 ff., 434 f.
are antagonistic to providence, thrift, and temperance, 312 ff.
are hostile to the Empire, 170 ff.
to their own country, 114, 186 f.
assert that all history is garbled, 91
assert that man has no right to himself, 102
condemn imperial administration, 179 f.
national administration, 213 f., 394 ff., 411 ff.
State Socialism, 411 ff.
consist of two classes, revolutionaries and visionaries, 183
demand free maintenance for children, 138
Government purchase of all British railways and shipping, 271 ff.
denounce co-operation, thrift, and abstinence, 131 ff.
desire the destruction of the State, 381 f., 394 ff., 411 ff.
different aims, proposals, and views of, 6 f.
disregard right to work, 461
encourage theft, 82
excuse and encourage drunkenness, 319 ff.,
grievances of the, 30 ff.
numbers of, in various countries, 432
on Free Trade and Protection, 285 ff.
oppose co-operation, 84, 312
promise brotherhood of man, 25 f., 185 ff., 370, 382, 444
equal wages for all, 22
gratis amusements, 22
baths, 250
clothing, 21
concerts, 250
food, 21
fuel, 21
libraries, 250
lodging, 21
travel and transport on railways and tramways, 22, 250, 272 S.
on ships, 275 f.
wash-houses, 250
working men's clubs, 250
to transform the world into a paradise, 19 ff.
propose issuing paper money in unlimited quantities, 258 f., 278 ff.
revolutionary aims and plans of, 77 ff., 112 ff., 183 ff., 200 ff.,
394 ff., 403, 404 ff., 410
try to destroy discipline in the army and so cause it to revolt, 200 ff.
unofficial in Parliament, 438
wish for an international language, 188
to abolish parliamentary government, 218 ff.,
the army, 192 ff.
the existing languages, 310
the monarchy, 109, 110, 207 f.
to capture or abolish Parliament, 209 ff.
to conquer Parliament, 238 f.
to dissolve the army, 192 ff.
German, on Peace Conferences, disarmament, and international
arbitration, 190 f.
patriotic and imperial attitude of, 181 f., 190 f., 205, 433
views of, on colonial policy, 181 f., 190 f.
regarding Great Britain, 181 f., 190 f.

SOCIETY, Socialist views on, 10 ff.

SPARTA, Communism in, 389

SPENCER, Herbert, 447 f.

SPOLIATION, plans of, 95 if., 149 f.
probable result of, 168 f., 251 f., 254

STAMP duties, proposals regarding, 166 f.

STATE enterprise usually inefficient, 85 ff., 251 ff.
Socialism, Socialist attitude towards, 411 ff.
Socialist, of the future, 5 f., 17 ff., 444 ff.
how will it be governed? 463 ff.
Socialists are hostile to the, and desire its destruction, 381 f.,
394 ff., 411 ff.

STOCKS, Municipal, are no longer first-class investments, 258

STUTTGART, International Socialist Congress at, 90, 177

SUFFRAGE, adult, demanded, 213
and franchise in Great Britain and other countries, 213
reform demanded, 213 f.

SUNDAY, will it be abolished? 365
schools, Socialist, 369 ff.

SURPLUS-VALUE doctrine, 58 ff., 244 f.
disproved, 59 f.

SWEATED labour proposals of Socialists, 461

TARIFF reform, Socialist views on, 285 ff.

TAXATION, indirect, condemned by Socialists, 165 f.
leading Socialist principle of, 255
local--_see_ Rates
national--_see_ Budget

TAXING private property out of existence, plans for, 99 f., 149, 153,
160 ff., 244 f., 255

TEMPERANCE condemned by British Socialists, 319 ff.
praised and encouraged by foreign Socialists, 322 ff.
providence, and thrift are antagonistic to Socialism, 131 ff., 312 ff.
Socialistic views on, 131 ff., 311 ff.

TEN COMMANDMENTS, the capitalists', 368
the Socialist, 371 f.

TERRORIST outrages. Socialist views on, 402 f.

THEFT encouraged by Socialists, 82, 114

THRIFT denounced by Socialists, 131 ff., 155, 311 ff.
is immoral, 314 f.
is theft, 155
providence, and temperance are antagonistic to Socialism, 131 ff.,
312 ff.
Socialist views on, 131 ff., 311 ff.

TRADE Unionists and Socialists, official connection between, 141 ff.,
434 f.
relations between, 131 ff., 424 ff., 434 f.
Unions and unemployed problem, 127 ff.
have become Socialistic, 141 ff., 434 f., 471
secretaries are to administer the Empire, 179

TRADER, private, to be abolished, 242 ff.

TRAMPS and loafers, ideal conditions for, to be created by Socialists, 254

UNDERFEEDING--_see_ Free Maintenance

UNEMPLOYED, the, 37, 474 ff.
and agriculture, 266

UNEMPLOYMENT benefits employers, 69 f.
could it be prevented by Socialists? 124 f.
is due to private capital, 65 ff., 125 f.
disproved, 126 f.
real causes of, 70 f., 124 ff., 474 ff.
sinister aims of Socialists regarding, 128 f.
Socialist plans regarding, 123 ff.
views on, 67 ff., 123 ff.

USURY--_see_ Interest

VOTES for women, 222 ff.

WAGES, amount and purchasing-power of, depends on production, 120 f.
are to be abolished, 6, 21
are not to be abolished, 22, 278, 386 f., 450 ff.
are to be equal for all, 22, 278, 386 f., 450 ff.
are not to be equal for all, 390, 450 ff.
different views of Socialists regarding, 6, 450 ff.
factors determining amount of, 54 ff., 313 f.
great increase of, in Socialist State promised by Socialists, 118 ff.
doubted by German Socialists, 120
iron law of, 53 ff., 245, 312 f., 319 f.
disproved, 54 ff., 313 f., 320
rise in, 57 f.

WAR will be abolished by Socialists, 186 f., 189

WEALTH creates poverty, 30, 34 ff., 161
disproved, 35, 159
is a crime, 80 ff.
labour is the only source of, 50 ff.
disproved, 52
love of, will disappear, 23, 448
various sources of, 52
why unequally distributed, 473

WEST HAM, 243, 363

WOMAN, the family, and the home. Socialism and, 330 ff.
will be given the vote, 222 ff., 349
will be made equal to man, 349 f.
will be made free, 349
will have to work for a living, 349 f.
will her privileges be abolished? 350 f.
will receive wages for childbearing, 345

WOMEN, community of, 331
Karl Marx on, 332 f.

WOMEN'S Freedom League, 429
Social and Political Union, 429
split in, 429
suffrage. Socialist views on, 222 ff.

WOOLWICH Arsenal dismissals, 296.

WORK, fewer hours of, promised by Socialists, 117 f.
is a curse, 115
organisation of, in Socialist Commonwealth, 455 ff.
remuneration of, in Socialist Commonwealth, 450 ff.
Socialist views regarding, 115 ff.

WORKERS and capitalists, division of national income between, 40 ff.,
75 ft.
relations between, 30 ff.
are entitled to entire produce of their labour, 38, 61 ff., 451
absurdity of demand, 62 ff., 451 ff.
are most prosperous where capitalists are richest, 35, 159
are swindled out of their earnings, 34
become capitalists every day, 60
British, are slaves, 15, 18, 31 f.
how to improve conditions of, 474 ff.
cannot acquire capital, 31 ff.
expenditure of, on betting, 166, 479 f.
on drink, 106, 319, 479 f.
miserable state of, 13 ff.
possess absolutely nothing, 33
poverty of, 16, 33, 165
receive only from one-third to one-fifth of their rightful wages,
30, 43, 48 f.
value of property owned by, 46

WORKING masses and Socialists, 115 ff.

PRINTED BY SPOTTISWOODE AND C. LTD., NEW-STREET SQUARE LONDON

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