Chapter XIV: Part 14

Ä´-t'a`ka´-i Dombe, or _Ä-t'a`ka´-i-gyă_--Nuevo Leon, Tamaulipas, and southeastern Texas; literally, "Timber-Mexican country," from _Ä´-t'a`ka´-i_, _dombe_, and _gyă_ (see _Toñhe´ñ-t'a`ka´-i-do´mbe_).

ä´tä`lä´--a feather headdress, an imitation from the Ute and other western tribes, made of feathers bent or doubled in a peculiar manner; from, _ä_ and _tä`lä´_.

Ä´tä`lä´te--"Feather-headdress," a Kiowa warrior in 1888-89; from _ä´tä`lä´_ and _te_.

a´tän--sour, bitter.

ätä´ndo--"he has a headdress of upright feathers;" said of one of the _Tseñtä´nmo_, q. v.

atäñ´ta--I am dissatisfied.

a´täntai´--salt, from _a´tän_ and _t'aiñ_ (?).

A´täntai´-gyäk`udal-de´e´--"salt place," "where there is salt;" the salt beds on the upper South Canadian, at the New Mexico line.

A´täntai´ p'a--"salt river," from _a´täntai´_ and _p'a_; (1) Salt fork of Arkansas river, Oklahoma; (2) Elm fork of Red river, Greer county, Oklahoma; (3) a southern branch of the South Canadian, above _Dä´ñpeä p'a_ (White-deer creek?), in the Texas panhandle, near where the Ute captured the _taíme_ in 1868, and near the New Mexico line. Near it was a salt deposit, from which the Indians procured salt. The Salt fork of Red river is called by the Kiowa _Dä-mä´tan-ä p'a_, q. v.

ATAWAY-TAITI PAU--see _Ä´do-ee´tä-de p'a_.

_Äte´stisti_ (Comanche)--"Little-horn," a Comanche signer of the treaty of Medicine Lodge, 1867; spelled Ah-te-es-ta on the treaty.

äti--entrails. Cf. _sadal_.

ä´`to--cowbird? The ordinary name for the common cowbird is _tseñ-gu´ato_, "horse bird."

äto´ñ--bones, his (?) bones. Cf. _tem_.

Ä´`to-t'aiñ--"White-cowbird," from _ä´`to_ and _t'aiñ_; a Kiowa war chief, brother of Sun-boy, and killed by Texans in 1878-79. In 1874 Set-t'aiñte had given him his _zebat_ or medicine lance, for which reason he was sometimes known as Zebä-do-k`ia, "Man-who-has-the-arrows" (plural form), from _zebä_, _gyädo´_, and _k`ia_.

Äyä--"Sitting-on-a-tree" (?). A boy saved from the Osage massacre in 1833. The name seems to be abbreviated from Äyä´ñgya, "Sitting-on-a-tree," from _ä_ and _ä´ñgya_, but may possibly be for _Äyä´ñti_, "(He is)-Walking-on-a-tree," or _Äyäñ´yi_, "Dreaming-on-a-tree."

Ä´yä´daldä--"Timber hill," from _ä_ and _yä´daldä_; a hill near the southern Kansas line, on Medicine-lodge creek, hence called _Ä´yä´daldä p'a_.

Ä´yä´daldä p'a--"Timber-hill river" (see preceding); Medicine-lodge creek, which flows southward from Kansas into the Salt fork of the Arkansas. The noted treaty was made here in 1867 (see Winter 1867-68).

azä´, azai´--udder.

Azä´tañhop--"those who went away dissatisfied on account of the udder," from _azä´_, _atäñ´ta_, and _hop_; a traditional seceding band of Kiowa.

äzo´n--pomme blanche (_Psoralea esculenta_); a characteristic plains plant, the root of which is eaten in early summer by probably all the tribes of the plains.

äzo´t--driftwood; a dam formed by driftwood; from _ä_ and _zo´_ (?), the root of the verb "to flow."

Äzo´t p'a--"Driftwood creek, from _äzo´t_ and _p'a_; Two-butte creek, a southern tributary of the Arkansas, below Bent's Fort in Colorado; so called from quantities of driftwood from freshets along its lower course. Near its head, is a "double mountain" (Two buttes?).

_Bab´i`pa´_ (Apache)--an Apache signer of the treaty of 1867, called on the treaty "Mah-vip-pah, Wolf's sleeve."

badai´--(he is) appearing (as from, over a hill); I am appearing, _äba´dai´_; he is appearing or coming in sight, _badai´_ or _badä´_.

ba´dlo´--another name for hill, ridge, or bluff. Cf. _k`op_, _yä´daldä_, _do´ha´_.

Bä´o (-te)--see _Guñsa´dalte_.

bä´otse´yu--cat; from _bä´o_ (onomatope?) and _tse´yu_.

bätso´!--run to it! hurry toward it! implying hurrying to shelter or protection, as _tso´ bätso´! k`op bätso´!_

BA-ZHE-ECH (Apache)--an Apache signer of the treaty of 1867, called on the treaty "_Ba-zhe-ech, Iron Shirt_."

be´dal--mouth; properly, lips; singular, _be´ta_.

Be´dalgu´ăt--see _Do`gu´ăt_.

be´dalpa´--beard; literally, "mouth down or fur," from _be´dal_ and _pa_; the more common word is _senpo_, q. v.

Be´dalpa´go--white people, particularly Americans; literally, "bearded people," from _be´dalpa´_ and _gó_. Other Kiowa names for the whites are: (1) _T'a`ta´-i_, an old word signifying "prominent or flapping ears," from _t´a_ and _ka´-i_, from the fact that the shorter hair of the white men makes their ears appear more prominent; the same name is also applied to a mule. (2) _Hâñpo´go_, "trappers," from _hâ´ñpo´_ and _go_, because some of the first whites known to them were American trappers. (3) _Ganoñ´ko_, "growlers," on account of their coarse voices, as regarded by the Indians. (4) _Gañto´nto_, "cap wearers," from _gañto´n_. (5) _Bo´yoñko_, "blonds;" singular, _Bo´yoñk`i´a_, from _boiñ_ and _ko_ or _k`ia_.

Be´dalpaheñ´ko--see _Te´guă-go_.

Belo--"Pedro," the Kiowa corruption of the name of a Carrizo (Mexican) captive, a Florida prisoner in 1875, and still (1897) living.

_Be´shĭltchă_ (Apache)--the Kiowa Apache name for the Kiowa.

_Bi´ăko_--Viejo (?); a Mexican captive and a Florida prisoner in 1875; still living.

biăn, biănta--large. Cf. _edal_.

bi´ăndäta--it boils, boiling.

bi´ăsot--shower, showery; _bi´ăso´tdă´_, it is drizzling.

bi´ĭmkâ´-i--a parfléche box, pouch, box; wooden box, _ä´-o`kâ´-i_.

bodal--abnormal, or useless (?); cf. _ka´-bodal_ and _T'a-bodal_. A somewhat similar word, _p'o´dălta_, in composition, _p'o´dal_, q. v., signifies decayed or rotten.

Bo´he´--not translatable and probably of foreign origin; a Kiowa man still living, said to have six fingers on each hand. His brother, _Masa´te_, "Six," had six toes on each foot.

boho´n--cap, especially a war cap, ornamented with feathers, and sometimes with buffalo horns. _Bo´ho´nta_ or _k`an-bo´ho´nta_, (a white man's) hat, from _boho´n_ and _k`an_, squeezed or compressed, perhaps referring to the split in the middle or to the brim doubled up.

Boho´n-ko´ñkya--"Black-cap;" a former Kiowa chief, one of the signers of the treaty of 1837, where his name appears as "Bon-congais, the Black Cap." Catlin painted his picture in 1834 (pl. LXXVI herein) under the name of "Bon-son-gee, the New Fire." Imo´tä, a son of ´dalpe´pte, is properly Boho´n-ko´ñkya, named from this chief.

bo´iñ--blond, bright. Cf. _tsoñda_.

Bo´iñ-e´dal--"Big-blond;" a German captive, taken in 1835, still living among the Kiowa (see Summer 1835).

Bo´loi--not translatable, probably corrupted from a foreign (Spanish?) name; a Mexican captive and Florida prisoner in 1875, still living.

BON-CONGAIS--see _Boho´n-ko´ñkya_.

bo´npä--sweathouse; more commonly called _sä´dalgu´ăt_, from _sä´daltep_, _sweat_.

Bo´npä p'a--see _Tépgañ p'a_.

BON-SON-GEE--see _Boho´n-ko´ñkya_.

Bon toñ--"stinking water, or spring," from _gyäbo´nse_, it stinks, and _toñ_ or _toñtep_; a water hole on the Staked plain, probably so called on account of sulphur or alkali impregnation. Probably Sulphur springs, in Martin county, Texas, at the head of the Colorado.

bot--stomach, belly.

Bot-e´dalte--"Big-stomach," from _bot_, _e´dal_, and _te_; a Kiowa woman who died in the winter of 1882-83.

Botk`i´ägo--Arapaho Grosventres; "belly people," from _bot_ and _k`i´ägo_. Cf. _Ä´hyäto_.

Bo´yoñko--see _Be´dalpa´go_,

byu´ñi--circle, circular.

CATAKA--see _Tagu´i_ and Kiowa Apache synonymy.

CAYGUA--Spanish form of _Gâ´igwŭ_ (see Kiowa synonymy).

CEAR-CHI-NEKA--see _Si´ăchĭ´nika_.

CET-MA-NI-TA--see _Setmä´nte_.

CHA-HON-DE-TON--"Cha-hon-de-ton, the Flying Squirrel," the name of a Kiowa signer of the treaty of 1837, as it appears in the document.

_Cho´nshita´_ (Apache)--An Apache signer of the treaty of 1867. The name appears on the treaty as "Cho-se-ta, or Bad Back."

CHO-SE-TA--see _Cho´nshita´_.

COMALTY--see _´daltoñ-e´dal_.

CON-A-HEN-KA--"Con-a-hen-ka, the Horne Frog" (sic), a Kiowa signer of the treaty of 1837, as the name appears in the treaty. The horned frog (toad or lizard) is called _se´hän_, and the correct name may possibly have been _Se´hänk`i´a_, "Horned-toad-man." In the treaty of 1867 T'ene´-ango´pte, "Kicking-bird," appears as "Ton-a-en-ko or Kicking Eagle."

CORBEAU--see _Gaa´-boho´n_.

dä--(1) eye; (2) star.

-dă--kill (in composition).

Da do´ha´--"medicine bluff," from _da´-i_ and _do´ha´_; Mount Rochester, etc., on the upper South Canadian, Texas panhandle.

Da´goi--a Kiowa hero (see story, Summer 1857). The name seems to contain the word _da´-i_, "medicine."

da´gya--song.

_Daha_ (Apache)--a Kiowa Apache chief and delegate in 1872; still living.

Da´hä´te--see _Mamä´nte_.

daho´tal--they kill us. See _eho´tal_.

da´-i--"medicine," sacred, religious, mysterious; _da´-i_, "medicine," in the ordinary English sense, is sometimes distinguished from _da´hä_, medicine, in the Indian sense of sacred or mysterious; _Dak`i´a_, God; _Daki´ada_, Sunday.

Daki´ada--Sunday; "medicine day," from _da´-i_ and _ki´ada_.

Daki´a-sä´n--Saturday; "little medicine day," from _da´-i_, _ki´ada_, and _sän_.

dam--(1) war path, war expedition; (2) first.

Dä´-mä´ta´n(-ta)--"star girls," from _dä_ and _mä´ta´n_; the Pleiades. There is a myth to account for the name. A ceremonial invocation and sacrifice were formerly made to them by mothers on behalf of their sick children, but the last priestess of the ceremony is now dead.

Dä´-mä´ta´n-ä´ p'a--Salt fork of Red river in Greer county, Oklahoma; literally, "Star girls (i. e., Pleiades) tree river," from _Dä´-mäta´n_, _ä_, and _p'a_; so called from a noted tree formerly there, which grew from the sprouting of a twig driven into the ground to support the "medicine" on occasion of a ceremonial sacrifice performed by the mother of Stumbling-bear (see above). The tree was about 30 miles up the creek and was finally cut down by the Comanche.

da´m-koñ´kya--evening; literally, "first darkness," from _dam_ and _koñkya_; also called _deko´mdo´le(-gya)_, from an archaic root referring to slight darkness.

dan--canyon, pass.

dan´--shoulder.

Da´npä´--see _Dohasän_ (_4_).

dä´npa´-iñgya--crown of the head.

Dä´n-pa´-iñgyat'a´-i--"Bald-head," "bald on the crown of the head," from _dä´nto´_, _dä´npa´-iñgya_; Lawrie Tatum, agent for the Kiowa and allied tribes, 1869--1873.

dä´nto´--bald; I am bald, _ä´dä´nto´ită´_.

Da´tekâ´ñ.--"Keeps-his-name-always;" it contains the root of _kâ´ñgya_, name; a Kiowa who assumed the role of prophet in 1881-82, taking the name of Pa´te´pte, "Buffalo-bull-coming-out," from _pa_, _tep_, and _te_.

_Datûmpa´ta_ (Hidatsa?)--given as the Hidatsa name for the Kiowa (see Kiowa synonymy).

_Däve´ko_ (Apache)--a Kiowa Apache chief and medicine man.

-de (in composition)--(1) all, many; (2) a possessive suffix ("of"), sometimes equivalent to "when," "where," or "there," as _Pai´-tälyi´-de tseñko_, Sun-boy's horses; _Pa´-ä´ngya tsä´n-de sai_, "winter when Sitting-bull came," "winter of Sitting-bull's coming."

De´ä´ p'a--"All-kinds-of-trees creek," or "Many-trees (or bushes) creek;" a stream in Kansas somewhere about Fort Dodge.

-de´e´--there is, where is; a suffix in composition.

degañ´ta--I trade (either buying or selling); gañta, trading; _gañ´ta do´_, trading house; _gañ´tak`i´_, trader.

de´hi´ñ--late afternoon, after about three oclock. Cf. _deki´äsa_.

deki´äsa--afternoon, until about three oclock. Cf. _de´hi´ñ_.

deko´mdo´le(-gya)--see _da´mko´ñkya_.

de´ngyä--ice.

De´ngyä-ko´ñ k`op--"Black-ice mountain," from _de´ngyä_, _ko´ñkya_, and _k`op_; a mountain on the southern edge of the Staked plain; so called from the appearance of the ice frozen on the branches of the trees after a rain while a Kiowa war party camped there (see Winter 1834-35).

de´no`te´li--gypsum; the word contains _teli_, "white clay." The Kiowa use it, when burned, to fasten arrowheads.

De´no`te´li p'a--Gypsum creek, Greer county, Oklahoma; "gypsum creek," from _de´no`te´li_ and _p'a_.

do--an intensive in composition, equivalent to "very" or "too," as _do´ye´t_, very large.

do´--tipi, house; plural, _do´ta_.

do´-a´--"tipi game," from _do´_ and _a_. For description see Winter 1881-82.

do´ä´--a circular windbreak or fence of brushwood around a tipi to keep off the force of the wind; from _do´_ and _ä_.

Doä´dal-koñ´kya--"Black-kettle" (plural form); the Kiowa name of the Cheyenne chief "Black-kettle," killed in the battle of the Washita, 1868. See the next.

Doä´dal-koñ´kya-eho´tal-de´e--"where Black-kettle was killed" from _Doä´dal-koñ´kya_, _eho´tal_, and _de_; the place of the "battle of the Washita," in western Oklahoma, November 27, 1868.

do´a´t--condition of ceremonial mourning; in mourning; _do´ătda_, he is in mourning. At such times they gash themselves, cut off their hair and the hair of their horses' tails, neglect their dress and discard their ornaments and paint, isolate themselves and wail night and morning in lonely places. The regular word for "crying" is _a´lyă_.

doä´to, plural doä´dal--pot, kettle; _koä´to_, plural _koä´dal_, plate, pan.

do´bä--face; in composition _do_.

Do´-e´dalte--"Big-face;" a Kiowa warrior killed in 1835-36.

dogâ´i--white faced (as applied to an animal); having the face of a color different from that of the rest of the body; from _do´bä_ and _gâ´idă_. Cf. _Gâ´igwŭ_.

Do-gi´ägyä-gu´ăt--"battle picture tipi," from _do´_, _gi´ägyä_, and _gu´ăt_; the hereditary tipi of Doha´sän's family (see Winter 1872-73 and plate LXXIX).

do`go´t-ä´--oak, oak tree, literally "very hard wood," from _do_, _got_, and _ä_; they now say _ka`do´li-ä_, which conveys the same idea, on account of the death of a woman named Do`go´tä about five years ago. _Do`go´t-e´_, acorn, literally "oak fruit."

Do go´t-ä p'a--Oak creek or Post-oak creek, a small southern tributary of the Washita in County H, Oklahoma; literally, "oak creek," from _do`go´t-ä_ and _p'a_. The name has recently been changed to _Ka`do´li-ä p'a_ (see the preceding).

Do`gu´at--Wichita, with their cognate tribes the Waco and Tawakoni, and presumably also the Kichai; singular _Do`gu´atk`ia_, literally "pictured, or tattooed faces," from _do´bä_ and _gu´ăt_, on account of their practice of tattooing; sometimes also called Be´dalgu´ăt, "tattooed mouths;" singular, _Be´dalgu´ătk`i´a_, their Comanche name; _Do´`kana_ conveys a similar meaning. They call themselves _Kĭtikĭti´sh_, spelled _Kidi-ki-tashe_ in the Greer county testimony.

Do`gu´at k`op--"Wichita mountain," from _Do`gu´ăt_ and _k`op_. The Kiowa call by this name only those at the western end, between Elk creek and the North fork of Red river, on the reservation, in the vicinity of the old Wichita village (see Summer 1834). For the rest of the group they have names only for particular peaks.

do´guătal--a young man.

Do´guătal-e´dal--"Big-young-man," from _do´guătal_ and _e´dal_; a sacrilegious Kiowa warrior in 1861.

Do´guătal-tai´de--"Young-man-chief," from _do´guătal_ and _tai´de_; agent Lieut. Maury Nichols, in charge 1893-94.

do´`gyäho´n--she was frozen; I am freezing, _ädo´`gyäho´n_.

do´ha´--bluff.

Doha´, Doha´te, or Doha´-sän--"Bluff" or "Little-bluff," from _do´ha´_, _sän_, and _te_; the hereditary name of a line of chiefs in the Kiowa tribe for nearly a century. The name has been borne by at least four of the family, viz: (1) The first of whom there is remembrance was originally called _Pa´-do`gâ´-i_ or _Pado'gâ_, "White-faced-buffalo-bull" (from _pa_ and _do-`gâ´-i_), and this name was afterward changed to _Doha´_ or _Doha´te_, "Bluff." He was also a prominent chief. (2) His son was originally called _Ä´anoñ´te_ (a word of doubtful etymology), and afterward took his father's name of _Doha´te_, which was changed to _Doha´sän_, "Little Dohate," or "Little-bluff," for distinction. He became a great chief, ruling over the whole tribe from 1833 until his death in 1866. His portrait was painted in 1834 by Catlin, who calls him _Teh-toot-sah_, and his name appears on the treaty of 1837 as _To-ho-sa_, the "Top of the Mountain." (3) His son, whose widow is Anki´mä, inherited his father's name, Doha´sän, was also a distinguished warrior, and died about three years ago. His scalp-shirt and war-bonnet case are now in the National Museum. (4) The nephew of the great Doha´sän II and cousin of the last mentioned (3) was also called Doha´sän, and always wore a silver cross with the name "Tohasan" engraved upon it. He was the author of the Scott calendar, and died in 1892; shortly before his death he changed his name to _Da´npä´_, "Shoulder-blade," from _da´n_, "shoulder" (?), leaving only Anki´mä's husband (3) to bear the hereditary name, which is now extinct.

Doha´te-he´m-de p'a--see _Ä´pätdo´ p'a_.

Dohe´ñko--the Carrizo, and probably also the Karankawa; "shoeless people," from _do´ti_, _heñ-_, and _ko_. The Tonkawa also called both these tribes and others on the Texas coast the "shoeless" or "barefoot people" (Gatschet). The Kiowa know the name Carrizo from having still among them some captives of that tribe, and state that they wore sandals instead of regular moccasins. Also called _Kâ´nhe´ñko_ and _Yi´atä´teheñko_, from _kân_ and _yi´atä´te_, other synonyms for _do´ti_, moccasin, q. v.

Dohe´ñte--"No-moccasins," or "Barefoot," a keeper of the _taíme_, who succeeded Anso´`te in 1873 and died in the winter of 1875-76; called _Tohaint_ by Battey.

Do´ho´n--Mandan, said to mean "last tipi," from _do´+_; an older form of the same name is _Dowa´koho´n_, and they are also sometimes called _Sa´bă´_, "stingy."

do´`ka´ñi--bark (of a tree); contains _ka´ni_, shell or rind.

Do´`ka´ñi k`op--"bark mountains," the Santa Rosa mountains in northern Coahuila, Mexico.

Do´`ka´ñi-t'a`ka´-i--"Bark (mountain) Mexicans," those in the vicinity of the Santa Rosa mountains, Coahuila (see the preceding).

Do´-ko´nsenä´go--Chiricahua Apache; "People of the turned-up moccasins," from _do´ti_, _ko´nsenä´_, and _go_; the "Hooked or Curved Toe Apache" of Clark (page 33). They are now prisoners of war at Fort Sill on the reservation, and were known to the Kiowa under this name before their removal from Arizona.

dom, dâm--(1) earth; (2) under, in composition.

Doma´ñk`i´ägo--see _Gu´igyä´ko_.

do´mba´--bugle, flute, flageolet. Nearly every tribe of the plains and eastward has its native flute.

do´mbe--country, region, from _dom_ or _dâm_.

Domo´ntoñ--ocean; literally seems "water surrounding the earth," from _dom_ and _toñ_. They have no specific names except by description.

do´n--fat (noun); I am fat, _ädo´n_.

Do´n p'a--South Platte river; "fat river," on account of the former abundance of the buffalo there. According to Clark, the South Platte is known to the tribes as Fat or Greasy or sometimes as Goose river.

do´nä´i--pecan; literally, "fat or oily tree fruit," from _do´n_, _ä_ and _i_ or _e_. Another name is _oñ´guă_.

Do´nä´i p'a--(1) Elk creek of North fork of Red river, on the reservation; it was formerly called _Ko`ga´-i p'a_, "Elk creek." Elk have been seen in the adjoining portion of the Wichita mountains within the last twenty years. (2) Nueces river, Texas, called also _Nakü´`tävä hono_, "Pecan river," by the Comanche. The Kiowa name also signifies "Pecan river." (3) The southernmost tributary of _Señ p'a_ (Salado, Nuevo Leon, Mexico), i. e., probably the Sabinas Hidalgo branch (lower Salado).

doñ´iga--far below, as at the bottom of a well or canyon. Deep is _zoñ_.

Doñ´iga-p'a´da´-de´e or Doñ´iga-p'ak`a´dee--Cataract canyon; Colorado canyon, Arizona; literally, "it has," or "there is" (_da´_) a river (_p'a_) lying (_k`a_) there (_de´e_) far below (_doñ´iga_). The Kiowa have visited both canyons, and tell of killing several Havasupai (Coconino), who seemed unused to enemies, in a raid upon their canyon home on Cataract creek.

do´npä--cat-tail rushes (_Equisetum arvense_), singular, _do´npä´ga_. The name is connected with _do´n_, "fat," from the resemblance in the edible portion; kidney fat is also called _do´npä_. The Indians eat raw the soft white portion at the base of the stalk.

do´ti--moccasin, shoe; this is the oldest word, and has held its own. Other words used instead at various periods on account of deaths, are _yi´atä´te_ and _kân_.

Dowa´koho´n--see _Do´ho´n_.

-e, or -i--fruit, berry, grain, nut, in composition; perhaps same as _i_, child or offspring, q. v.

e´dăl--great, large, big; another word used is _bi´ăn_, _bi´ăntă_. Variants are _et_, _e´do´_ or _e´dă_, and _e´e´t_; _edal_ is generally used for animate objects and for tipi or house; _e´do´_ or _e´dă´_ is used for inanimate objects generally; _et_ is generally used for inanimate objects, but may also be used for man, horse, and dog; _e´e´t_, a plural form, is used for tree, box, and some others. It is large, _et_; they are large, _ebi´ăn_.

eda´se´mk`op--they stole them (horses). Cf. _ä´semtse_.

edo´nmo--they are searching or hunting for something; I search or hunt for, _gyädo´nmo_.

edo´päñ--they were initiated as _Kâ´itseñko_. Cf. _äo´päñ_.

eet--see _edal_.

e´`gu´--a plant (i. e., something planted to grow from seed or cutting; not something growing without human aid); from _e_ and _gu´ă_, to plant; I plant, _gyäte´gu´ă`dă_; plant it! _bäte´gŭ´!_

E´`gua p'a--Chandler creek, on the reservation; literally, "Garden creek," frome _e´`gu´_ and _p'a_, because the Apache had their principal cornfields there.

eho´tal--he was killed; I kill him, gyäho´taldă; he killed him, _äho´tal_; I killed him, _gyäho´tal_ (_gyälho´tl_); they killed us, _daho´tal_; kill him! _äho´!_ _ho´tăl!_

ek`i´ädă--it sprouted, it has sprouted, it is growing; said of the young plant when it appears above ground; _gyäk`i´ädă_, growing, sprouting. Cf. _gyäk`i´ädă_.

E´maä--not translatable; a Kiowa woman, keeper of the _taíme_ since 1894.

E´oñte--a Kiowa man, otherwise known as _Gu´ădal-e´dal_, "Big-red;" the word may have connection with _eoñ´to_, I like him.

eoñ´ti--I like him. Cf. _Gyai´`koao´ñte_.

E´`pea--"We-(they-)are-afraid-of-him," from _gyäpe´to_; a Kiowa warrior, who died a prisoner in Florida after 1875.

ES-A-NANCA--see _Ĭsänä´năka_.

_Ĕ´sikwi´ta_ (Comanche)--"brown dung," so called, it is said, from the color produced by eating piñon nuts in the mountains, or perhaps an allusion to the appearance of the favorite "mescal bread" of the tribe. Mescalero Apache; a Comanche name adopted by the Kiowa to designate the same tribe; sometimes also called _Ätäbĭts_ by the Comanche; under the name of _Essequeta_ or _Essequeta Apache_, the Kiowa Apache have sometimes been confounded with them, and the Kiowa sometimes confound them with the _Ä´tagu´i_ or Lipan.

ESSEQUETA--see _Ĕ´sikwi´ta_.

et--see _edal_.

eta´`ga--they shot it, or them; I shoot, _deta´`bo´_; I shall shoot, _deta´`tito´_; I shot (either with bow or gun), _deta´`ga_; shoot! _beta´`de!_

E´tälyidonmo--"He-(they-)hunts-for-boys," from _tä´lyi´_ and _edo´nmo_; a Florida prisoner in 1875, afterward a student and worker in his tribe.

etku´egan--they brought it dragging (i. e., a head); I drag it, or him, _deku´eba´_; I bring it dragging, _deku´egan_.

eto´dă.--they (poles) were left standing; I leave it standing, _deto´di´`to_.

e´tpata--they ate it (ashes); I eat, _gyä`pa´ta_. Cf. _gyäpa´ta_, it is sprouting.

etpe´--they were afraid, or frightened. Cf. _gyä`pe´to_.

e´zăn, e´zhăn--agent, i. e., Indian agent; corrupted from "agent."

E´zănyă, E´zhănyă --the agency, at Anadarko, Oklahoma, from "agent," "agency;" sometimes referred to as _Ägun´tä p'a´-gyă_, "at Washita river," or _E´zăn-do´i_, "at the agent's house."

FISH-E-MORE--see _T'a`ka´-i-p'o´dal_.

gaa´--an archaic name for crow (now _ma´ñsă´_; cf. _mă´să´_, six), still used in composition in proper names.

Gaa´-boho´n--"Crow-bonnet;" a Kiowa chief, signer of the treaty of 1867, where he is called "Corbeau, or The Crow." He never wore a shirt, but in winter threw a buffalo robe over his naked shoulders.

Gaa´-k`i´ägo--Crow Indians, "Crow people;" it is said they are sometimes called also _Koñ-k`i´ägo_, "black people," but this is probably another name for the Ute or _I´atä´go_, q. v.

Gaa´-k`o´dalte--"Crow-neck," from _gaa´_, _k`o´dal_, and _te_; a Kiowa chief, who died in 1842.

Gaa´piata´ñ--"Feathered-lance" from _gaa´yi_ and _pi´atañ´ga_; an old Kiowa war chief, better known as Heidsick, a corruption of _Hai´tsĭki_, the Comanche rendering of his Kiowa name.

gaa´yi--a feathered lance sheath, made usually of red cloth with pendent eagle feathers and drawn up over the shaft of the lance, leaving the blade exposed.

ga´bodălyi´ or ga´bodli--sheep or goat; possibly from the Spanish _cabra_. The wild sheep is called _teñbe_, and the name is sometimes applied also to the domestic sheep.

Ga´bodly k`op--see _Teñbe k`op_.

ga´dal--buffalo; now sometimes used also for cattle; _pa_, a buffalo bull.

ga´dal-ä´--see _ta´-ä_.

Gadalkoko--see _K`iñ´ähi-pi´äñko_.

Gado´mbitso´ñhi--"old woman, under the ground;" a sacred image formerly belonging to the Kiñep division (see page 239).

Gâ´i--Kiowa, in composition; _Gâ´i-gwŭ_, the Kiowa tribe; _Gâ´imä_, a Kiowa woman; _Gâ´ido´ñ_, the Kiowa language; _ĭmgâ´ido´ñ_, say it in Kiowa.

Gâ´i K`at'a--see _K`at'a_.

Gâ´i k`op--"Kiowa mountains;" that portion of the Rocky mountains at the head of Missouri and Yellowstone rivers; so called because the Kiowa formerly lived there. Farther south they are called _I´ătä k`op_, "Ute mountains," and in Mexico, _K`ob-e´tă_, "great mountains."

Gâ´i-gwŭ´--(1) the Kiowa tribe; (2) one of the recognized six divisions of the Kiowa tribe, and probably the original nucleus of the tribe. In this word the root is _gâ´i_, while _gwŭ_ is the tribal suffix, more usually formed as _go_ or _ko_, q. v. The word seems to be derived from _gâ´idă_, implying having a half or part of different color from the rest; perhaps in this case alluding to some old style of face or body paint or to the former custom of wearing the hair cut short on one side of the head, as already noted. A feather of the war eagle is described as _gâ´idă´_, because one-half of it is white and the other black; a white-face horse is called _do´-gâ´idă´_. Cf. _Pa-do`gâ´-i_, "white-face-buffalo-bull."

ga´kiñ--ten. Cf. _pägo_.

Ga´kiñăte--"Ten," from _ga´kiñ_ and _te_; a Kiowa warrior, brother of Lone-wolf, 1883-84.

Ga´kiñăt'o P'a--"moon of ten cold (days)," from _ga´kiñ_, _gyät'o´_, and _p'a_; the first moon of the Kiowa year, comprising parts of September and October (see page 368).

gañ--goose.

Gañe´tä--see _O´konoñ-yä´dăldä_.

Gañhi´ña P'a--"real, or principal, goose moon," from _gañ_, _hiñ_, and _p'a_; a Kiowa moon or month, including parts of December and January (see the calendar).

Gano´ñko--see _Be´dalpa´go_.

Gañ´sa--Kansas or Kaw Indians; from their own name.

Ga´ñsûñko--see _Ga´ñsa_.

Gañ´ta p'a--Double-mountain fork of Brazos river, Texas; literally, "Trading river," from _degañ´ta_ and _p'a_. The name may have originated from the fact that a trail, by which the Indians passed around or across the Staked plain to New Mexico, ran along the stream.

gañton--a soldier's cap or visor.

Gañton´to---see _Be´dalpa´go_.

Ga´nu´än--see _Pa´sotkyät'o´_.

Ga´ta`ka--see _Tagu´i_ and Kiowa Apache synonymy.

gi--(1) meat, flesh; (2) abbreviation of _giñ´agya_ or _gi´ñde_, q. v.

gi´ădal, gyä`-gi´ădal--to dwell; he dwells.

Gi´ădede´te--"He-faces-the-line" (as of soldiers), from _gi´atiäpa´ntă_, "I face the line;" a Kiowa warrior killed in Mexico in 1843-44.

Gi´agu´ădălta´go--Indians; literally, "people of red flesh," from _gi_, _gu´ădal_, and _go_.

gi´ägyä--battle, coup; I am fighting, _depai´gop_; I strike in battle, _gyä`gi´ägop_.

gi´ăka´-i--"back hide," from _gi´apa´iñgya_ and _ka-i_, a piece of rawhide worn over the shoulders by women to protect the back when carrying wood or other burdens; sometimes called _gi´gyäka´-i_.

Gi´ăka´-ite--"Back-hide," from _gi´ăka´-i_ and _te_; an oil man who was abandoned to die in the winter of 1859-60.

gi´ăni--long, tall, as a tree, tipi pole, etc; for things not usually erect (fence, string, pencil, etc) and for man, the common word is _gyu´ñi_.

gi´apa´-iñgya--back (of the body). Cf. _go´mtä_.

Giatä´ P'ada´ti--see _Ai´koñ p'a_, _2_.

Gi´-edal--"Big-meat;" a Kiowa warrior killed in New Mexico in the winter of 1874-75.

gi´gyäka´-i--see _gi´aka´-i_.

giñ´aga--very early in the morning. Cf. _giñ´ăgya_.

gi´ñăgya--night; abbreviated _gi´ñde_ or _gi_; _pägo gi_, one night. Cf. _giñ´aga_.

_Gĭnä´s_ (Wichita)--see _Tagu´i_ and Kiowa Apache synonymy.

giñăto´gya--after midnight; from _gi´ñăgya_ and _togya_.

gi´ñde--see _gi´ñăgya_.

gi´ñ-kopa´-iñgya--midnight, from _giñ´ăgya_ and _kopa´-iñgya_.

go--(1) and; (2) see _-ko_.

go´be--wild horse.

Go´be--"Wild-horse," a Florida prisoner in 1875.

Go´ho--"Kick," from _gyä´ango´p_; a Mexican captive and Florida prisoner in 1875.

go´m-â´dal-hâ´ñgya--"back hair metal," from _go´mtä_, _âdal_, and _hâ´ñgya_; a strap or strip of red cloth ornamented with silver disks, worn pendent behind from the scalp-lock. Cf. _â´dalhâ´ñgya_.

Gomä´te--see _´daltoñ-e´dal_.

go´mgyä--wind; the wind is blowing, _go´mde´_.

Go´mgyä dan--"wind canyon;" a canyon pass at the extreme head of Double-mountain fork of Brazos river, Texas.

go´mtä--back (of the body); in composition, _gom_. Cf. _gi´apa´-iñgya_.

_Goñk`o´ñ_ (Apache)--an Apache chief and delegate to Washington in 1894, commonly known as Apache John.

gu´a-da´gya--the "travel song," sung by a war party on setting out (see Winter 1862-63). The literal meaning may be "wolf song," i. e., _gu´i-da´gya_. "Just before a war party sets out, its members get together and sing the 'peeling a stick song,' which is a wolf song; also, if a person is hungry and sings a wolf song he is likely to find food. Men going on a hunting trip sing these songs, which bring them good luck."--Grinnell, _Blackfeet_, _2_.

gu´ădal--red; it is practically a synonym for "paint," red being the favorite and most sacred color with all Indian tribes. It is red, it is painted, _gu´ădaldă´_. Cf. _gyä`gu´ătda´_.

Gu´ădal do´ha´--"red bluff;" a bluff on the north side of the South Canadian, about the mouth of Mustang creek, and a few miles above Adobe Walls, in the panhandle of Texas. A principal trail crossed there and a trading post was established there by William Bent in 1843-44. It was here that Carson had his fight with the Kiowa in 1864. Cf. _Sä´k`odal Gu´ădal Do´ha´_.

Gu´ădal k`op--(1) "red mountain;" a small mountain near Eagle-heart's camp, upper Rainy-mountain creek, on the reservation. (2) A mountain in Colorado described as being north of Arkansas river, a short distance above the river of Colorado Springs, and on an extreme northern head branch of the Arkansas. This description would seem to make it Pike's Peak, the most prominent peak of that region, but the statement of direction may be an error for Red mountain, _southward_ from the Arkansas, and southwest of Pueblo.

Gu´ădal p'a--"red river;" (1) the South Canadian; (2) Big Wichita river, Texas.

Gu´ădal-e´dal--see _E´oñte_.

Gu´ădalka´pä--"paint (red) is there;" a rocky bank eastward from Se´t-ĭmki´a's camp on Äda´n p'a, from which the Kiowa procure a red mineral paint.

Guadal-k`udal-dee p'a--"paint-is-there creek;" Clay creek, a southern tributary of the Arkansas, in Colorado; so called on account of the abundance there of clay paint. Also sometimes called _Yädaldä p'a_, "Hill creek," on account of the Two Buttes near its head.

Gu´ădaloñ´te--"Painted-red," a Kiowa leader about 1839. The name implies that he had red paint upon his body, face, or hair, from _gu´ădal_, paint, or red; _gu´ădaldă´_, it is red or painted.

Gu´ădaltse´yu--"Red-pet," or "Little-red," from _gu´ădal_ and _-tse´yu_, a noted race-horse stolen by an escaping Pawnee prisoner in 1852-53.

gu´ak`o--yellow.

gu´ăn, gu´ănkya--dance; I dance, _degu´ănmo_. Cf. _guntä_ and _gun_.

Gu´a´na--Quanah Parker; the Kiowa form of his Comanche name _Kwäna_ or _Kwaina_, "fragrant." He is a half-blood, the head chief of the Comanche, being the son of a Comanche chief by a captive white woman, Cynthia Parker (see the following).

Gu´a´na-de-`ta´ho--Adobe Walls, on the north side of the South Canadian, just west of 101°, in the panhandle of Texas. The name signifies "where Quanah led his confederates," i. e., "Quanah's battle ground," alluding to the noted battle there in June, 1874 (see page 203).

Gu´a´na-de p'a--see _Gwa´hale p'a_.

_Gu´añteka´na_ (Apache)--see _Se´t-ta´dal_.

gu´ăt(-gya)--picture, brand, tattoo, writing, etc, from _gyä`gu´ătda´_.

gu´ăto--bird (see _t'e´ne´_).

gu´ăto´hiñ--eagle; literally, "principal bird," from _gu´ăto_ and _-hiñ_.

Gu´ătoi p'a--"small bird creek" (not _Gu´ăto´hiñ p'a_, "eagle creek"), from _gu´ăto_ and _-i_; a stream somewhere southwestward from Double mountain, Texas, near the old California emigrant trail (_Ho´an-t'a`ka´-i_).

Gu´ăto-ko´ñkya--"Black-bird;" a Kiowa signer of the treaty of 1867, where the name appears as "Wa-toh-konk, or Black Eagle."

gu´ătoñ--ribs; singular, _gu´ăte´m_, from _tem_.

Gu´ătoñ-bi´ăn--see _Se´t-t'ai´ñte_.

Gu´ăto-ze´dalbe--"Dangerous-eagle;" a Kiowa chief about 1876, brother of Big-tree. Although the name is really "dangerous bird," the _guăto_ is understood to be here an abbreviated form in composition of _gu´ăto´hiñ_.

gu´i--wolf (generic); the gray wolf is _gui-t'ai´ñmo_, from t'aiñ, "white;" the coyote is sometimes distinguished as _gui ma´ñtoñ-tso´ñi_, "sharp-nose wolf."

Gui p'a--"wolf creek;" Wolf creek, upper branch of North Canadian, Oklahoma.

Gu´i-bada´i--"Appearing-wolf," or "Wolf-coming-in-sight," from _gu´i_ and _badai´_; a Kiowa warrior in 1873.

Gu´i-bo´tte--"Wolf-stomach," from _gu´i_, _bot_, and _te_; a Kiowa warrior in 1875; died while a prisoner in Florida.

Gu´igyä´ p'a--"Pawnee river," from _Gu´igyä´ko_ and _p'a_. A river, probably the Kansas (Kaw) or one of its branches, the Smoky-hill, Saline, Solomon, or Republican, described as between the Arkansas and the Platte, but not tributary to either (see Summer 1834).

Gu´igyä´ko--Pawnee; literally, "wolf people," from _gu´i_ and _k`i´ägo_ or _gyäko_; sometimes called Doma´ñk`i´ägo, "walking people," from, _dom_, ----, and _k`i´ägo_. SIGN: Two fingers erect and forward at right side of head--i. e., "horns" or "ears;" then index finger turned and thrown out to front--i. e., "man" (see Summer 1833, Winter 1849-50).

Gu´i-k`a´te---"Wolf-lying-down," from _gu´i_, _äk`a´_ and _te_; (1) a Kiowa warrior killed by the Cheyenne in 1838; (2) a Kiowa delegate to Washington in 1872; his name has been rendered "Sleeping-wolf."

Gu´i-k`o´dal-te p'a--"Wolf-necklace's river;" a branch of White river, of the Brazos, Texas; so called from a Comanche known to the Kiowa as Wolf-necklace (or Wolf-neck?).

Gu´i-koñ´kya--"Black-wolf;" a Kiowa warrior killed by American traders in 1832-33.

Gu´i-pä´go--"Lone-wolf." (1) A principal Kiowa chief, leader of the hostile element in 1874; sent as prisoner to Florida at the close of the outbreak. (2) His adopted son, namesake, and successor, and present head chief of the tribe.

guñ--horn.

Gunpä´ñdamä--"medicine-tied-to-tipi-pole;" a Kiowa girl captured by the Osage and returned to her friends by the dragoons in 1834. Catlin, who painted her picture, calls her "Wun-pan-to-mee, the white weasel." _Gu´npä´ñda´-i_ is the owner's "medicine," or protecting talisman, usually kept in a bag or pouch tied inside the tipi and just above the junction of the bed curtain to that one of the three principal poles which stands nearly opposite the entrance. The Cheyenne sometimes hang it outside, near the door. The word is compounded from _guntä_, tipi pole, _da´-i_, medicine, and _pä_, the root of the verb _gyäpä´-imo_, I tie. The suffix _-mä_ makes it a feminine name. The medicine, as also the tipi pole to which it is attached, are also called _komtä´ga_ or _komt[:ă]´-gu´n-da_. In this case the medicine may have been inclosed in a bag made of white ermine skin. The three principal tipi poles tied together are called _gunpä_ (_gun_ and _pä_); the Comanche tipi has four principal poles.

Guñisa´dalte--"Horned" or "Having-horns," from _guñ_, _sadal_, and _te_, perhaps from his having some time worn a ceremonial cap with buffalo horns. A Kiowa warrior, still living, who acted as Kiowa interpreter at the treaty of 1867. Sometimes also known as _Bä´o_, "Cat."

guñse´to--lance, spear; an old form used in personal names is _pi´ătañ´ga_, from _pi´a´ta´`ga_, "he stabs with a spear."

guntä--tipi pole; plural, _gun_. Tipi poles are made preferably of cedar, on account of its durability and freedom from liability to warp; they are sometimes made of cottonwood. Twenty is the average estimate to a tipi, besides the two outside poles. Cf. _gu´ăn_, dance.

Gusa´ko--see _Kapä´to_.

Gwa´hale p'a--"Kwahadi creek;" West Cache creek on the reservation. From the fact that Chief Quanah lives upon it, it is sometimes called _Gu´a´na-de p'a_, "Quanah's creek."

Gwa´hale´go--(1) Kwahadi Comanche, the westernmost and most warlike portion of the tribe, formerly ranging principally about the Staked plain, under the immediate leadership of Quanah, present head chief of the whole tribe; the Comanche word is said to signify "antelopes," and the Kiowa name is a corruption from it. (2) Another name for the _T'ok`i´ñähyup_, q. v.

-gyă--a locative suffix equivalent to "at" or "in." Cf. _gyä-_.

gyä- --an assertive prefix with verbs and adjectives. Cf. _-gyă_.

gyä´ango´p--I kick.

gyäbo´nse--it stinks.

gyädâ´mo--I make, I do. Cf. _âm_, _âmo_.

gyädo´--I have it. Cf. _gyät'o´_ and _kyä`to´_.

gyä´`gan--they brought it; I bring it, _gyä´`ga´n_; they brought it, _gyä´`gan_ or _ä´`gan_.

gyä'gu´ătda´--I paint, draw, write, tattoo, make a picture; _gu´ătgya_, picture; _gu´ădaldă´_, it is painted, it is red.

Gyai´-kao´dal--"Comanche cache," from _Gyai´`ko_ and _kao´dal_; the vicinity of a spring in the mountains of northern Coahuila, Mexico, one day's journey south of the Rio Grande and probably one of the "tinajas;" a Comanche rendezvous in their raids into northeastern Mexico.

Gyai´`ko--Comanche; "enemies;" singular, _Gyaik`i_, _Gyai´mä_, from _nyägyai´to_. This name "Enemies," is the common Kiowa name for the Comanche, now their close allies (see page 162 _et passim_). Other Kiowa names for them are (1) _Sänko_, now obsolete, probably signifying "snakes," from _sä´ne_, snake; (2) _P'o´dalk`i´ägo_, or _P'o´dalgyä´ko_, "reptile people," from _p'odal_ and _k`i´ägo_. This last name is probably a substitute for the previous term _Sänko_, on the occasion of the death of some person of somewhat similar name. The early French explorers called them _Pa´douca_, from their common designation among the Dakota, Osage, and cognate tribes. It may possibly be derived from _Pe´nätĕ´ka_, the name of the easternmost division of the Comanche. SIGN: "Wavy motion, as of a snake, made from front to back with the right forefinger. Cf. Shoshoni sign under _So´ndo´ta_.

Gya´i`koañ´te--"He-likes-(or rejoices in)-enemies," or "He-likes-the-Comanche" (the Kiowa name for Comanche signifies "enemy"--see preceding), from _gyai`ko_ and _eoñ´ti_; a Kiowa warrior killed by the _Äläho´_, q. v., in 1854-55.

Gyai´-yä´daldä--"Comanche hill;" a hill at the head of Deer creek, a southern tributary of the South Canadian, in D county, Oklahoma.

Gyai´-yä´daldä p'a--Deer creek, in D county, Oklahoma; literally, "Comanche-hill river" (see preceding).

gyäk`a´ta--I bite, I bite off a piece; _gyäzo´ñte_, I hold it with my teeth.

gyäk`i´ädă--they (it) sprouted. Cf. _ek`i´ädă_.

gyä´ko--see _k`i´ägo_.

gyäko´dal--they left them behind (implying rolled or wrapped up, said usually only of things to be rolled or packed up); _gyäko´da_, I leave it wrapped or rolled up; _do´ gyäko´dal_, they left their tipis rolled up or packed away (the verb shows they were not left standing); _bä`ko´_, leave it there, put it there. Cf. _kao´dal_ and _odal_.

gyäku´atda--I take it out (as from a box, pocket, or fastening). Cf. _K`u´ato_.

_gyä`pa´bă_--I bring him; he brought him, _pa`ga´ni_; he brought them, _e´`pa`ga´ni_.

gyäpä´-imo--I tie. Cf. _ä´opäñ_.

gyäpä´-iñgya--dawn.

gyäpa´ta--it is sprouting. Cf. _gyäk`i´ädă_ and _giä`pa´to_.

gyä`pa´to--I eat. Cf. _piä_ and _gyäpa´ta_.

gyäpä´to--I sharpen; _k`a-pä´ti_, whetstone; _K`a´-pä´top_, "knife-whetters," i. e., Apache.

gyä`pe´to--I am afraid, I am frightened; _pe´to´_, he is afraid; _gyäpe´to_, they are afraid; _e´`pea_, they are afraid of him; _etpe´_, they were afraid.

gyätä´da--they were surrounded; we are surrounding him, _egi´ătä´da_. Cf. _gyätä´`da_.

gyätä´`da--I cut; root, in composition, _tä_, as _ä´-tä´_, sawmill; _so´n-tä´_, mowing machine.

gyät'o´--(it is) cold; I am cold, _äka´hem_. Cf. _gyädo´_ and _kyä´`to´_.

gyäze´mä--they (inanimate) move about; _to´yă_, it moves about; _äto´yă_, I move about.

gyu´ñhä´te--very (?) tall or long; an intensive form of _gyu´ñi_, q. v.

gyu´ñi--long. Cf. _gi´ăni_, _gyu´ñhä´te_, and _kyu´ñi_.

haa´-ipai´-degi--O sun! But you, O sun! _pai_, sun. Cf. _hado´mga´gi_ (see the song of the Kâitse´ñko, Summer 1871).

habä´--sloping, one-sided.

hado´mga´gi--O earth! But you, O earth! _dom_, earth. Cf. _haa´-ipai´degi_ (see the song of the Kâitseñ´ko, Summer 1871).

_Hai´tsĭki_ (Comanche)--see _Gaa´piatañ_.

_Hänä´chä-thi´ak_ (Arapaho)--see _Pa´ä´ngya_.

Hâñ´do´ti--"Iron-moccasin," from _háñgya_ and _doti_; the Kiowa name of an Apache signer of the treaty of 1837; called in the treaty "Hen-ton-te, the iron shoe."

hâ´ñgya--metal, particularly iron; in composition _hañ_; iron or steel, _hâ´ñgya_; tin, _hañ-t'aiñ_, "white metal;" lead, _hañ´-ze´bat_, "arrow, i. e., bullet metal;" copper and brass, _hâñ-gu´ak`o_, "yellow metal;" gold, _â´dalhâ´ñgu´adal_, "red money," or "red hair metal" (see _â´dalhâ´ñgya_); silver, _â´dalhâ´ñ-t'ai´ñ_, "white money;" German silver, _hâñ-kope´dal_, "flat metal," because bought in sheets).

hâñ´-kope´dal--German silver; literally, "flat metal." Cf. _hâ´ñgya_.

hâñpaiñ--gunpowder, literally "iron dust," from _hâ´ñgya_ and _paiñ_.

Hâñ´paiñ p'a--"powder river;" Powder river in Montana and Wyoming.

hâ´ñ-po--trap; literally, "iron trap," from _hâñgya_, iron or steel; and _po_, a trap of any kind, including also a spider's web.

Hâñpo´ko--see _Be´dalpa´go_.

hâñ´-t'aiñ´--tin; literally, "white metal;" sometimes improperly used for _â´dalhâñ-t'ai´ñ_, silver.

Hâñ´t'aiñ-k`a´--"Tin-knife," from _hânt'aiñ_ and _k`a_; the Kiowa name of a Comanche warrior killed in 1860; sometimes improperly rendered "Silver-knife."

Hâ´ñtäk`i´a--"Spectacle-man," literally "Metal-eye-man," from _hâñgya_, _tä_, and _k`ia_; Captain H. L. Scott, Seventh Cavalry, formerly commander of the Kiowa troop.

hâ´ñ-t'o´gyä--cuirass; literally, "metal shirt;" sometimes also called _k`a´t'o´gyä_, "knife shirt."

Hâñt'o´gyäk`i´a--see _A´`päta´te_.

hâñtso--cannon ball; literally, "iron rock."

Hâñtso p'a--"cannon-ball river;" a river in Kansas; so called on account of an abundance of iron nodules in its vicinity; a branch of Kansas river, probably the Solomon; perhaps the Republican river.

Hâ´ñzepho´`da--"Kills-with-a-gun," from _hâ´nze´pko_ and _gyäho´taldă_. (Cf. _eho´tal_); a Kiowa warrior who died in 1863-64.

hâ´ñze´pko--gun; literally, "iron bow," from _hâ´ñgya_ and _zepko_.

HEIDSICK--see _Gaa´piatañ_.

hem--he died; I am dead (?), _ähe´m_; he is dead, _hem_; he will die, _hi´ñată´_ (a different word).

heñ- --without, less, in composition. Cf. _Tso´dal-he´ñte_, _Toñheñ-t'a`ka´-i-dombe_; _he´ñgyäto´_, there is none; _heñ´yäto´_, I have none.

Heno´ñko--Hidatsa, Minitarí, or Grosventres of the Missouri; singular, _Heno´ñk`ia_, _Heno´ñmä_. The word, of which the root is _Heno´ñ_, has no meaning in the Kiowa language and may be derived from _Herantsa_, another form of Hidatsa. The name Minitarí is of Siouan origin, and signifies "water crossers," or "water people."

HEN-TON-TE--see Hâñdo´ti.

HE-PAN-NI-GAIS--"He-pan-ni-gais, the Night," the name of a Kiowa signer of the treaty of 1837, as it appears on the treaty. The form seems to contain the word _pän_, cloud or sky.

hi´ădăl--a creek-like depression, or shallow valley, but without water.

Hi´ădăl-gyu´ñhä´te p'a--Devil or San Pedro river, Texas, joining the Rio Grande below the Pecos; literally, "long valley river." Described as flowing with a noisy current and having very large fish. A war trail into Mexico crossed near there.

-hiñ--principal, real, a suffix; as _ä´hiñ_, cottonwood, literally "principal tree;" _gu´ato´hiñ_, eagle, literally "principal bird."

hi´tugŭ´!--wait!--abbreviated _hitŭ´!_

ho--the root of the verb _äho´ä_, "I travel;" _ho´an_, a road; _ho´gyă_, moving, to or from a destination; hop, emigrants; _tsä´hop_, immigrants.

ho´an--road, trail. Cf. _ho_ and _hop_.

Ho´an-t'a`ka´-i--"white man's road;" the main emigrant road, formerly running through southwestern Texas to California.

hodal or ho´dălda--sickness; I am sick, _äho´dalda_.

hop--emigrants; people moving off with their household goods, etc; _tsähop_, immigrants; people moving in this direction with their household goods. Cf. _ho_; _kotä´dalhop_.

Ho´tgyäsĭ´m p'a--Saline river (?), Kansas.

HOW--the universal Indian "yes," or expression of assent, as commonly written by English authors. The Kiowa "yes" is _ho_ or _hâ_.

HO-WE-AR--see _Howi´a_.

_Howi´a_ (Comanche)--a Comanche signer of the treaty of 1867, whose name appears on the treaty as "Ho-we-ar, or Gap in the woods."

i--child, offspring, in composition; it also conveys the idea of "small," as _gu´ato´i_, small bird; plural _-yu´i_, as _Si´ndiyu´i_, _Ä´dalto´yu´i_. Cf. _e_.

Iâm guan--"Adoption dance," from _i_, _âm_, and _guan_; an intertribal dance with a ceremonial adoption of children (see "Winter 1889-90).

I´ăpa--"Baby," from _i´ăpa´gya_; a Kiowa warrior in 1876-77.

i´ăpa´gya--baby.

I´ătä k`op--"Ute mountain;" the Rocky mountains of Colorado and New Mexico, so called because occupied by the Ute. Cf. _I´ătä´go_. The Kiowa call the mountains about the heads of the Yellowstone and Missouri rivers _Gâi k`op_, "Kiowa mountains," and the Sierra Madre of Mexico _K`ob-e´tă_, "Great mountain."

I´ătä´go--Ute; from _Yuta_, one form of the name used by the Ute to designate themselves; in the Kiowa word _go_ is the tribal suffix. They are also sometimes called K`opk`i´ägo, "mountain people," from _k`op_ and _k`i´ägo_; and are probably identical with the _Ko´ñk`i´ägo_, "black people," said by one informant to be the Crow. The ordinary name and sign for the Ute among most of the plains tribes denotes "black people;" the Kiowa usually designate them by the sign for "mountain people," made by combining the signs for "climbing" and "man."

I´ătäk`i´a--"Ute-man," from _I´ătä_ and _k`ia_; a Ute captive among the Kiowa, who died in 1892.

_Ĭ´kämo´să_ (Comanche)--see _Mâ´nka-gu´adal_.

Ĭ´masä´nmot--"Grinner," from _ĭmto´nomo_, "he grins;" the Kiowa name for agent George D. Day, 1891-93.

ĭmda´do´a´--they played the medicine _do´a´_ game; from _da´-i_ and _do´a´_. Cf. _do´a´_.

ĭmdo´hä´pa´--they attacked the camp; from _ĭmhä´pa´_ and _do_, _dota_; I attack him, _gihä´pa´_ (this form is used only in ridicule, as the word implies a general encounter); I attack them, _dehä´pa´_; they (a few) attacked him or it, _ehä´pa´_; they (a large number) attacked him or it, _ĭmhä´pa´_; _sole´go´mhä´pa´_, the soldiers attacked them.

ĭmka´gyä´gya--they are coming in triumph, i. e., they are returning with scalps; from _ka´gyä_.

Ĭmki´a--see _Se´t-ĭmki´a_.

ĭmk`o´daltä´--they cut off their heads; I am cutting off his head, _gyäk`o´daltä´dă´_; I have cut off his head, _gyäk`o´daltä_; from _k`odal_ and _tä_, the root of the verb "to cut"; _k`o´daltä´_, beheading; _o´tä´_, throat cutting, from _tä_, and _osi_, throat (not neck); I am cutting his throat (but not cutting off his head), _gyäo´k`a-temă_; I have cut his throat, _gyäo´k`ate´m_.

ĭmto´nomo--he grins; said also of a dog showing his teeth.

i´ñhogo--now. Cf. _i´ñhoti_.

i´ñhoti--this. Cf. _i´ñhogo_.

_I´sähä´bĭt_ (Comanche)--"Wolf-lying-down;" a noted Comanche warrior, commonly known to the whites as Asahäbĭt. His Kiowa name is _Gu´ik`a´te_, q. v.

_Ĭ'sänä´năkă_ (Comanche)--"Hears- or Understands-the-wolf;" a Comanche signer of the treaty of 1867, upon which his name appears as "Es-a-nanaca, or Wolf's name." Cf. _Tä´bi-nä´năkă_.

_Ĭ´sätai_ (Comanche)--a Comanche medicine-man, instigator of the outbreak of 1874; still living. Commonly known to the whites as Asatai´.

iyu´gu´--maggot.

iyu´gu´-e--rice; literally, "maggot grains;" on account of a fancied resemblance.

Iyu´gu´a p'a--"maggot creek;" Traitor and Sweetwater creeks, in the panhandle of Texas, flowing into the North fork of Red river. Battey spells it Yoū´-guoo-ō-poh´, which he renders "rice creek" from a misconception of the word. The name originated from the circumstance of a hunting party having been compelled to throw away there a quantity of flyblown meat. Cf. _Kato´de´ä p'a_.

Iyu´gu´a P'a Sole´go--Fort Elliott, between the two forks of the Sweetwater, Traitor creek and Battery creek, in the panhandle of Texas. The Kiowa name literally means "Maggot creek soldiers" (i. e., Soldier place). It is sometimes known as _Kato´de´ä P'a Sole´go_, from its vicinity to Battery creek, _Kato´de´ä p'a_, q. v.

ka--robe of skin, buffalo robe; kata, blanket.

k`a--(1) knife; _gyäk`a´go_, I cut; _gyäk`a´tä´do_, I cut with a knife. (2) lying down; I am lying down, _äk`a´_; he is lying down, _k`ă_; lie down! _bemă´!_

Ka´äsä´nte--"Little-robe," from _ka_, _sän_, and _te_; a Kiowa warrior, still living.

ka´bodal--left-handed. Cf. bodal and t´a-bodal.

Ka´bo´dalte--"Left-hand;" the Kiowa name of the trader John Adkins, who, about 1863, was with William Allison in the trading house at the mouth of upper Walnut creek on the Arkansas, in Kansas. Cf. _Tso´dalhe´ñte_.

K`adal p'a--Ree or Grand river, South Dakota; literally, "Biter, i. e., Ree, river." It is so called by most of the plains tribes from the fact that the Arikara formerly lived upon it. Cf. _K`at'a_.

K`a´do´--medicine lodge, sun-dance lodge; the sun dance; perhaps "wall house or tipi," i. e., one built with sides or walls, as distinguished from the ordinary tipi, from _k`a´ga_ and _do_. The _k`a´do´_ or sun dance was the great annual religious ceremony of the tribe (see page 242).

k`a´do´-do´--"_k`a´do´_ tipi," "sun-dance tipi;" the tipi in which the sun-dance priests made their preparations for each, day's performance. It was erected behind the _k'ado_ or medicine lodge (see plate LXX).

K`a´do´-gyä´`to´--"Old-man-of-the-sundance;" a Kiowa chief in 1841 (see Winter 1841-42).

K`a´do´ p'a--"sun-dance creek," "medicine lodge creek;" Kiowa Medicine-lodge creek, a southern tributary of the North Canadian at the one-hundredth meridian, Oklahoma. It was a favorite place for the ceremony on account of the abundance of suitable timber there. Not to be confounded with Kiowa creek just above it, or with Medicine-lodge creek in southern Kansas.

ka`do´liä--see _do go´tä_.

Ka`do´liä p'a--Oak creek or Post-oak creek, a small southern tributary of the Washita, just above Rainy-mountain creek, on the north line of the reservation; formerly called _Do`go´tä´ p'a_, both names signifying "oak creek," until changed on account of the death of a woman named _Do`go´tä´_, about six years ago.

_kadu_ (Hidatsa)--a season, as measured by natural occurrences.

k`a´ga--wall, side, bank of earth.

Ka´giätse´--see _Poli´ăkyă_.

ka`gu´ăt--bud, literally "red shell or rind," from _kañi_ or _ka-i_ and _guăt_ or _gu´ădal_.

Ka`gu´ăt P'a--"bud moon;" a Kiowa moon or month comprising parts of February and March.

Ka`gu´ăt P'a Sän--"little bud moon;" a Kiowa moon or month comprising parts of Janaary and February.

ka´gyä--a triumph or rejoicing over a slain enemy. Cf. _ĭmka´gyä´gya_.

KA-HIM-HI--"Ka-him-hi, the Prairie Dog," a Kiowa signer of the treaty of 1837, as his name appears on the treaty. The word for prairie-dog is _ts[)ä]_; for dog, _tse´ñhi_.

ka´-i--hide (noun) of buffalo, deer, etc, but not of panther, whose skin is generally used for quivers; _ka´-i_, skin of animals; _ka´gya_, human skin; _ka´ñi_, shell or rind.

ka´-igihä´--compressed, flat; it is compressed. Cf. _ko´pedal_.

k`a´-iko´n--(1) flint; (2) the central cap of a cartridge.

K`a´-ikon p'a--"flint creek," so called on account of the abundant flint rock there; a northern, tributary of the South Canadian, about 10 miles above Adobe Walls, either Big Clear or Mustang creek, in the panhandle of Texas.

ka´-ikonho´dal--dragonfly.

Ka´-ikonho´dal--"Dragonfly;" a Kiowa boy frozen to death in the winter of 1890-91.

ka´-itañ--see _k`i´oñ_.

Ka´'-itâñ k`op--"Love-making mountain," a mountain in the angle formed by Elm fork and North fork of Red river, Greer county, Oklahoma; it takes its name from the neighboring spring of _K`ioñ toñ_ or _Ka´-itâñ toñ_, q. v.

Ka´-itâñ toñ--see _K`ioñ toñ_.

Kâ´itse´ñk`ia--a member of the _Kâ´itseñ´ko_, q. v.

Kâ´itse´ñko--the principal one of the six Kiowa military orders; the name seems to mean "Kiowa horses," from _Gâ-i_ or _Kâ-i_ and _tseñ_. Identical with the "horse" and "big horse," military orders of the Kiowa and Kiowa Apache, respectively, as given by Clark (see page 229 herein).

kân--see _doti_.

k`an--(1) Hard; cf. _got_. (2) Gripping, squeezing. (3) A small red seed berry, growing on thorny bushes in rocky places, from Texas to the Arkansas and northward. It has flowers and is ripe in autumn and is eaten raw or mashed with pemmican. Perhaps the wild rose, which is thus eaten by the northern plains tribes. The name has now been transferred to the tomato. Cf. _k`a´nk`o´dal_.

kâ´ñgya--name (noun), in composition _kâñ_; what is his (its) name, _hä´tso`kâ´ñ_. Cf. _Da´tekâñ_.

Kânhe´ñko--see _Do´heñ´ko_.

kañi--shell, rind, skin (of fruit), etc; _do`ka´ñi_, bark. Cf. _ka´-i_.

k`a´nki´ñ--land tortoise or box turtle; literally, "hard shields," from _k`an_ and _kiñ_, plural of _kyuñi_. The Indians eat them after roasting by throwing alive into the fire. Cf. _to´nak`a´_.

K`a´nkiñ ton--"turtle spring;" a water hole on the Staked plain, in western Texas.

k`a´n-k`o´dal--"neck, i. e. necklace, _k`an_;" the _Sophora erythrina_ or coral bean, called by the Mexicans _frijolillo_ or _chilicote_; a hard red berry about the size of a small marble, used for necklaces by the southern plains tribes. The berries, contained in a pod, grow upon a small thorny tree found in Texas and the Sierra Madre of northern Mexico. They possess powerful poisonous or intoxicating properties. Cf. _k`an_.

K`a´nk`o´dal p'a--"coral-bean river;" a river somewhere southwest of Double mountain, Texas, in the vicinity of the old California emigrant road. So called on account of the _k`a´n-k`o´dal_ (q. v.) bushes growing upon it.

_Ka´ntsi_ (Caddo)--liars, deceivers; the Caddo name for the Kiowa Apache (see _Tagu´i_ and Kiowa Apache synonymy).

K`añ´zole´go--a people, apparently a subtribe of the Apache, formerly known to the Kiowa and sometimes visiting them. The meaning of the word is doubtful.

ka´odal--a cache or deposit; _gyäkao´dalk`u´ătă´_, "I am about to leave them there." Cf. _odal_ and _gyäko´dal_.

K apä´te--"Knife-whetter, whetstone;" from _k`a_, _gyäpä´to_, and _te_; a Kiowa chief who died about 1890. Cf. _K`a-pä´ti´_ and _Ka´-pätop_.

k`a-pä´ti--whetstone; from _k`a_ and _gyäpä´to_.

K`apä´to--Osage; literally, "shaved heads," in allusion to a custom, common to them and some neighboring tribes, of shaving all the hair from the head except a crest or tuft at the top. Catlin states that this custom was followed only by the Osage, Kaw, Sauk and Fox, Iowa, and Pawnee. I cut, _gyätä´`da_; I shall cut your hair, _ĭmk`apä´dăltă_. Cf. _K`a´-pä´top_. The Osage are also sometimes called _Ä´daltä´do_, "cut-hair people," from _âdal_ and _gyätä´`dä_; also _Gusa´ko_ and now more commonly _Wasa´si_, from their own name of _Washa´she_ or Osage. T'ebodal says that they were formerly called _Ähyäto_ (q. v.) by the Kiowa, the name now given to the southern Arapaho, and that the name was changed on account of a death. SIGN: Brushing or clipping motion with the hand at the side of the head, as though cutting off the hair.

K`apä´top--see _Tagu´i_. Cf. _K apä´to_.

kata--blanket.

_K`at'a_--(1) Ree, Arikara; literally, "biters," from _gyäk`a´ta_. (2) One of the six divisions of the Kiowa tribe, the Cut-off band of Clark, sometimes distinguished as _Gâ´i-K`at´a_ or "Kiowa K`at´a;" singular, _K`a´dalk`i´a_, _K a´dalmä_. SIGN: Motion of biting off or twisting off something held in the mouth, originally referring to the gnawing of corn from a cob, the Arikara being noted for the cultivation of corn.

KATES-HO-KO-TUCK--see _Kĭ´tskûkatû´k_.

kati--leggin. The Kiowa man's leggin is separate from the moccasin. The woman's leggin and moccasin form one piece.

Ka´to´de´ä p'a--Battery creek, the upper branch of Sweetwater creek, near Fort Elliott, in the panhandle of Texas. The name signifies "creek where the buffalo robe was returned," from _ka_, _tode_, and _p'a_. Cf. _Iyu´gu´a p'a_.

Ka´to´de´ä P'a Sole´go--see _Iyu´gu´a P'a Sole´go_.

k`a-t'o´gyä--see _hâñ-t'o´gyä_.

K'a-t'o´gyä--see _A`päta´te_.

k`ato´i--cut round across the forehead, from _gyäk`a´go_ and _toi_.

kato´n--shoulder.

-k`i, -k`ia--man; suffix from _k'i´ñähi´_.

kiă--day, an abreviated form for _ki´adă_.

k`i´äbo--the "button" used in the _do´a´_ game (see Winter 1881-82).

ki´adă--day, i. e., from sunrise to sunset; also _ki´agyă_.

ki´ädä´--morning; literally, "full day."

ki´äde´dal--yesterday.

-k`i´ägo--people, a tribal suffix, sometimes shortened to _gyäko_; from _k'i´ñähi_, plural _k`i´ñähyup_.

ki´agyă--see _ki´adă_.

ki´äsa´--noon.

ki´at'ä´--dawn.

KIDI-KI-TASHE--see _Do`gu´at_.

kigi´a--after (in time); _kigi´a Daki´adă_, next week; literally, "after Sunday."

kiñ--shield, in composition. It is really the plural form, as is usually the case in propername compounds. Cf. _kyu´ñi_.

k`iñ´ähi--man; plural _k`iñähyup_. Cf. _k`i´ägo_.

K`i´ñähi´ate--"Man;" a Kiowa warrior killed by Mexicans in 1836-37.

K`i´ñähi-pi´äko--Tonkawa; literally, "man-eaters," from _k`i´ñähi_, _piä_ or _pi´ängya_, and _ko_; sometimes called _Ga´dalko´ko_, "buffalo spies," from _ga´dal_, _äko´ä_ and _ko_. The Tonkawa, originally from the lower Colorado, in Texas, noted and hated among other tribes for their cannibal practices, lived for a time at Anadarko, in the vicinity of the present Catholic mission and on Tonkawa creek, where they were surprised and nearly half their number massacred by a combination of neighboring tribes, October 25, 1862. SIGN: "Cannibal," made by combining the signs for _man_ and _eating_.

Ki´ñasâ´hek`ia--see _Zonk`i´a_.

Ki´ñep--"Big shields," from _kiñ_, plural of _kyuñi_, and _ep_ a plural personal form of _et_ or _edal_; one of the six recognized divisions of the Kiowa tribe, the "shield" band of Clark (see page 228).

Kĭ´nzi--see _Mâ´ngomhe´ñte_.

k`i´oñ--love-making, courting; also _ka´-itâñ_; the first form seems to contain the root _k`i_, man.

K`i´oñ toñ--"Love-making spring," also sometimes called _Ka´-itâñ toñ_; a spring in a bend on the south side of the North fork of Red river, near Mount Walsh, in Greer county, Oklahoma; so called because in the old times when the Kiowa and Cheyenne used to camp on the opposite side of the stream, the women, as they crossed over to the spring for water, were followed by the young men bent on courting.

KIOWA--for _Gâ´igwŭ_ (see Kiowa synonymy).

_Kĭsi´năhĭs_ (Kichai)--see _Tagu´i_.

_Kĭ´tikĭti´sh_ (Wichita)--see _Do`gu´at_.

_Kĭ´tskûkatû´k_ (Wichita)--the Wichita village, formerly on the north bank of the North fork of Red river, about half way between Elm fork and Elm creek, on the reservation. The Wichita say the Kichai occupied it jointly with themselves. The name is rendered by a chief of the Wichita "villages on the side of a mountain," in his testimony in the Greer county dispute, where it is spelled _Kates-ho-ko-tuck_ (misprint _h_ for _k_; see Summer 1834).

-ko, -go, -gua, -gwŭ--a tribal suffix.

K`ob´-ä´p'a--"Mountain-timber creek;" San Francisco creek, a small tributary of the North Canadian, between Palo Duro and Beaver creeks, Oklahoma, so called because the principal timber upon it is of varieties usually growing only in the mountains.

K`o´b-aka´n--"last mountain," from _k`op_ and _aka´n_; Mount Walsh, in Greer county, Oklahoma. Cf. _Tso´`kaka´n_.

K`o´b-e´tă´--"great mountains," from _k`op_ and _edal_. (1) Mount Scott, northwest of Fort Sill, on the reservation. (2) The Sierra Madre of southern New Mexico and of Chihuahua and Sonora in Mexico. War parties of the Kiowa and allied tribes formerly made these mountains their headquarters for raiding upon the adjoining portions of Mexico.

K`ob-et'aiñ´mo--"white mountain," from _k`op_ and _taiñ_ (_-mo_ makes it singular); a mountain westward from the head of Pecos river, New Mexico.

K`o´b-o´täbo--Mount Sheridan, northwest of Fort Sill, on the reservation. The name, suggested by the form of the mountain, denotes a mountain resembling a nose sticking out horizontally, from _k`op_ and _o´täbo_.

k`odal--neck; the throat or tracheal portion is _o´si_, in composition _o_.

K`o´dal-aka´-i--(abbreviated, _K`o´`laka´-i)_: "Wrinkled-neck," a clerk of William Bent, who established trading posts on the South Canadian, in the panhandle of Texas, in 1844--1846.

K`o´dal-gu´ădal--"Red-neck;" Agent Captain J. Lee Hall, 1885--1887.

k`o´dali´ätoñ (or k`oli´äton)--a variety of musselshell used for gorgets or neck pendants, especially by the Osage; from _k`o´dal_. The Kiowa have no generic name for shell. A flint arrowhead worn as a neck pendant by Kiowa medicine-men is called _Bo´-se´se_, "_Bo_ arrow," from _Bo_, a mythic dwarf, very strong.

K`o´dali´ätoñ p'a--(abbreviated, _K`oli´ätoñ p'a_); (North) Platte river; literally, "necklace-shell river," or "gorget-shell river;" sometimes called _K`o´dalpä p'a_, "necklace river," and by misconception arising from its proximity to the Dakota _K`o´dalpäk`i´a p'a_, "Sioux river." According to Clark, the Indians generally call it shell, or shell-on-neck, river. The South Platte is called _Don p'a_, "Fat river."

k`o´dalpä--necklace, gorget, breastplate; from _k`odal_ and _pä_, the root of _gyäpä´imo_.

K`o´dalpä p'a or K`o´dalpäk`i´a p'a--see _K`o´dali´ätoñ p'a_.