Chapter XV: Part 15

K`o´dalpä-k`i´ägo--the Dakota; literally, "necklace people," from _k`o´dalpä_ and _k`i´ägo_. Probably a misconception of the tribal sign, made by drawing the hand with a sweeping pass in front of the throat, and commonly interpreted "Beheaders," from a former tribal custom. "Beheaders" in Kiowa, would be _K`o´daltä-k`i´ägo_.

k`o´daltä--beheading (see _ĭmk`o´daltä_).

K`o´daltä k`op--"beheading mountain;" a low mountain on the head of Otter creek, on the reservation, within two miles northwest from Saddle mountain (_Ta´-k`op_) and about 25 miles northwest from Fort Sill. The massacre from which it takes its name occurred on the west side (see Summer 1833).

ko`ga´-i--elk. Elk have been seen in the Wichita mountains within twenty-five years.

Ko`ga´-i p'a--"elk creek." (1) Red-deer creek, a southern tributary of the South Canadian in the Texas panhandle. (2) Former name of Elk creek, now _Donä´i p'a_.

Ko`gu´i--"Elk," an archaic or ceremonial form; one of the six recognized divisions of the Kiowa tribe, the "Elk" band of Clark (see page 228).

k`oli´ätoñ--abbreviated form of _k`o´dali´ätoñ_, q. v.

Ko´mpabi´ănta--"Big tipi flaps," from _kompa´ka_ and _bi´ănta_; an old name sometimes used by the Kiowa for themselves, for which no satisfactory reason is assigned. Another form is _Kompa´go_, "tipi-flap people," from _kompa´ka_ and _go_.

Kompa´go--see _Ko´mpabi´ănta_.

kompa´ka--tipi flaps, at the top where smoke escapes; now _chimney_; plural, _ko´mpa´_.

komse´--worn out, old; as an old worn-out tipi.

Komse´ka-k`i´ñähyup--see _Ä´hyäto_.

Komtä´ga or Komt[:ă]´-gun-da--the tipi medicine and the pole to which it is tied (see _Gunpä´ñdamä_).

Ko´ñabiñ´ate--"Black-tripe," from _koñkya_, _abi´ñ_, and _te_; abbreviated _Koñ´ate_; a Kiowa warrior, hero of a noted adventure (see Summer 1857). Afterward called _Pa´-ta´dal_, q. v.

ko´ñaka´n--one issue period of two weeks; literally, "end, or series, of nights," from _koñkya_ and _aka´n_. Cf. _koñtä´kia_.

Ko´ñate--see _Ko´ñabi´ñate_.

Koñ´-do´ha´--"black bluff," from _koñkya_ and _do´ha´_; a bluff in the vicinity of the head of Cimarron river, in southeastern Colorado or the adjoining part of New Mexico.

Koñ´k`i´ägo--see _I´ătä´go_ and _Gaa´k`iägo_.

koñ (-kya)--black, dark, _one night_ in time measure of journeys; in composition _koñ_. One night, two nights, etc, _pägo koñ_, _yi´a koñ_, etc; _koñ´kya_, black; _ko´ñkyädă´_, it is black; _ko´ñkyäoñ_, he is black (as a negro); _koñguat_, black paint.

Ko´ñkyäo´ñko or Ko´ñkyäo´ñ-t'a`ka´-i--"Negroes;" literally, "black people," or "people with black upon them," from _koñkya_, _oñ_, and _-ko_; singular _Ko´ñkyäo´ñk`i´a_. Cf. _Gu´ădalo´ñte_. Also sometimes called _Ko´ñkyäo´ñ-t'a`ka´-i_, "black white men."

Koñpä´te---"Blackens-himself," or "Makes-himself-black," from _koñkya_, black, _deko´ñpäka´_, I blacken myself; a Kiowa warrior killed by soldiers in 1871.

ko´nsenä´--turned up (?).

koñtä´kia--a week; literally, middle of (issue) nights; also _pä´go Daki´ada_, i. e., "one Sunday." Cf. _ko´ñaka´n_.

Koñtä´lyui--"Black boys," from _koñ´kya_ and _t´älyi´_; one of the six recognized divisions of the Kiowa tribe; also called _Si´ndiyu´i_, "Sindi's children," from _Sindi_ and _i_; the "Black" band of Clark (see page 228).

Koñyä´daldä--"black hill," from _koñkya_ and _yä´daldä_; probably identical with the Blue hills in northern Kansas. Described as between _Pe p'a_ (Smoky-hill river) and _Hâñtso p'a_ (Solomon fork?). (See Summers 1854 and 1860).

Koñyä´daldä p'a--"black-hill river;" a stream in the neighborhood of _Koñyä´daldä_, q. v., Kansas (see 1852).

KON-ZHON-TA-CO--see _Se´t-ta´dal_ (Apache).

kop--pain. I have pain, _nyäko´p_; sickness, _ho´dălda_; I am sick, _äho´dălda_.

k`op--mountain; before vowels it becomes _k`ob_. Cf. _yädaldä_, _ba´dlo´_.

K`op-pe p'a--"mountain-sand river;" North fork of Red river, Oklahoma. It is said to be called Nueces by the Mexicans.

kopa´-iñgya--middle, in the middle; abbreviated _pa´-iñgya_.

kope´dal--flat. Cf. _ka´-igihä´_.

K`o´pgya--"at the mountains," or "toward the mountains," from _k`op_ and _-gyă_; vicinity of Fort Sill, on the reservation.

K`opk`i´ägo--see _I´ătä´go_.

K`o´p-sole´gya--see _Ts´o`kada´hä´gya_.

K`op-tagu´i--the Jicarilla Apache; literally "Mountain Apache;" cf. _Tagu´i_.

K`optai´de-do´-tse´dalte--Signal mountain, west of Fort Sill, on the reservation; literally, "mountain with a house situated upon it," from _k`op_, _tai´-de_, _do´_, and _tse´dalte_. Also called _Pi´ăya-do-tse´dalte_, "house upon the summit," from _pi´ăya_, _do´_, and _tse´dalte_. Both names, as well as the English name, refer to the military lookout or signal station built upon it in 1871 and still remaining.

K`o´p-t'a`ka´-i--New Mexicans, sometimes used for Mexicans generally; literally, "mountain, whites," from _k`op_ and _t'a`ka´-i_. Cf. _Ä-t'a`ka´-i_, _Toñ´he´ñ-t'a`ka´-i_, _Tso´-`t'a`ka´-i_.

K`o´p-t'a`ka´'-i Do´mbe--New Mexico; literally, "Mountain Mexican country."

K`o´p-t'a`ka´-i p'a--Delaware creek, a south tributary of the Washita, on the reservation, about 4 miles below Anadarko; literally, "Mexican creek," because a number of Mexicans with Indian wives now live there. It probably had an older name.

kotä´dal--(or _kotä´l_); wheel; figuratively, a wagon.

kotä´dalhop--freighters; from _kotä´dal_ and _hop_.

Kotä´dalhop-gi´atäda´e--"where they surrounded the freighters," from _kotä´dalhop_ and _gyätä´dă_; the battlefield of September 8, 1874, on the north side of the Washita, near Fort Elliott, in the Texas panhandle.

KOTS-A-TO-AH--"Kots-a-to-ah, The smoked shield," the name of a gigantic Kiowa warrior and runner, as given by Catlin, who painted his picture in 1834. The name or translation can not be identified in Kiowa. It appears to be a Comanche form containing the word _ko´tso_, buffalo. Horace P. Jones, interpreter at Fort Sill, is called by the Comanches _Ko´tso-natu´ă_, "Buffalo-calf."

Kotse´nto--see _Ä´bäho´ko_.

K`u´ato---a Kiowa division, speaking a peculiar dialect, exterminated by the Dakota about 1770 (see pages 157 and 229). The word signifies "pulling out" or "pulling up," as a knife from a pocket, a nail from a board, etc, from _gyäku´atda_.

k`udal--to stay or dwell; to be in a place.

_kŭ´tiharu_ (Pawnee)--a season (of the year).

Kwa´na--see _Gu´a´na_.

Kwu´`da--"coming out," "going out;" an old name for the Kiowa tribe (see Kiowa synonymy).

kyähi´ñ(-aga)--tomorrow, abbreviated _kyähi´ñ_; _kyähi´n ki´äsa´_, shortly before noon.

kyai´`guan--deer; literally, "jumper," from _dekya´i`gu´anmo_, I jump; other names are _t'äp_ and _tañ´gia_, q. v.

kyäka´n--after; literally, "at the end," from _aka´n_, q. v.; applied also to the final part of a song, etc; _Tä´dalkop Kyäka´n K`a´do´_, "sun dance _after_ the smallpox;" nyä´kyäka´n, it is gone, i. e., it can not be helped.

kyä´`to´--old man, plural _kyä´`tadă´_. Since the recent death of a boy named Kyä´`to´ this word is not used, and they say instead _e´dalk`i´a_, plural _e´dalkyai´_; literally, "great man," from _edal_ and _k`ia_. Cf. _gyät'o´_ and _gyädo´_.

Kyä`tse´hä--"Short-old-man," from _kyä´`to´_, _tse´_, and _hä_ (?). (See the following.)

Kyä`tse´hä-de p'a--"Short-old-man's creek;" the extreme head of Cache (Bluff) creek, near Eagle-heart's place, on the reservation; so called from a man named Kyä`tse´hä, who formerly lived there.

kyu´ñi--shield; _kiñ_ in plural and in composition. Cf. _gyuñi_.

_lĕ´tskukĭ_ (Pawnee)--autumn.

_li´ŭt_ (Pawnee)--summer.

-mä--a feminine suffix, from _mä´ñyi´_; as _Semätmä_, "Apache woman," _tseñ´mä_, a mare.

_Mä´-ai´-tai-ĭ´stsĭ-hĭ´n[)ä]´_ (Cheyenne)--see _A´`päta´te_.

MAH-VIP-PAH (Apache)--see _Babi´`pa_.

MAIZ--"Myers," Agent W. D. Myers, 1888-89.

mak`o´n--nose; in composition, _ma_.

Mamä´nte--"walking-above," otherwise known as _Dahä´te_, "medicine-man," from _dahä_ and _te_; a Kiowa warrior in 1875, who died a prisoner in Florida. Cf. _Set´män´te_.

mândă´--arm; they sometimes say _tso´dal_, literally "wing;" _mânga´ i_, lower arm; _mâ´nte´m_, "arm bone," elbow.

mâ´ngo´m--index finger, literally "pointing flnger;" _mân_, root of finger, hand, arm.

Mân´gomhe´ñte--"No-index-finger;" the Kiowa name of General R. S. Mackenzie, commanding at Fort Sill in 1874; so called from his having lost his right (?) index finger. The same name was also applied to Thomas Gaboon, a peace commissioner among the Kiowa in 1873. Battey spells the word _Mone-kome-haint_. Mackenzie was sometimes also called _Kĭ´nzi_, a corruption of his proper name, and the same name is now given to a Mexican captive crippled in the same way.

Mânheñ'k`ia--see _Tso´dalhe´ñte_.

mânka--sleeve; from _mândă´_.

Mâ´nka-gu´ădal--"Red-sleeve," the Kiowa name of a Comanche chief killed in Kansas in 1847. His Comanche name is said to have been _Ĭ´kämo´să_.

Mâ´nka-gu´ădal-de p'a--Pawnee fork (see _Ai´koñ p'a_).

Mâ´nka-gu´ădal-de P'a´gya Yä´`pähe gi´adal-de´e´--"where the soldiers live on Red Sleeve's river;" Fort Larned, Kansas (see also _Aikoñ P'a Sole´go_).

Ma´ñkope´dal--"Flat-nose," from _mak`o´n_ and _kopedal_; a Kiowa warrior and Florida prisoner in 1875.

MANRHOET or MANRHOUT--Kiowa? A tribe mentioned by La Salle in 1682 in connection with the Kiowa Apache (see pages 157 and 248).

ma´ñsă´--crow; the old name is _gaa´_. Cf. _mă´să´_.

Mañ´taha´k`ia--"Hook-nose-man, High-nose-man, i. e., Roman-nose," from _mak`o´n_, _taha´_, and _k`ia_. (1) The Kiowa name of William Bent, the noted trader and proprietor of Bent's Fort. (2) Another name for William Madison, _Se´npo-ze´dalbe_, q. v.

mä´ñyi´--woman; in composition as a suffix, _mä_.

Mä´ñyi´-te´n--"Woman-heart;" a noted Kiowa chief about 1865--1875. On the treaty of 1867 his name appears as "_Ma-ye-tin_."

Ma´p´o´dal--"Split-nose," from _mak`o´n_ and _p'o´dal_; the Kiowa name of a cattleman living in 1883 on the Washita above Rainy-mountain creek.

mă´să´--six. Cf. _ma´ñsă´_ (crow) and _pä´go_.

Măsa´te--"Six;" a Kiowa young man in 1881, so called for having six toes on each foot. His brother, _Bo´he´_, q. v., is said to have six fingers on each hand.

Ma´se´p--Caddo; literally, "pierced nose," from _mak`o´n_ and _sep_. SIGN: Index finger pushed across below the nose, to indicate the former custom of boring the nose for pendants.

Masko´ki--Creek (Indians); an adoption of the name used by themselves.

Mäsu´ără--Missouri; described by the Kiowa as friends of the Pawnee, but enemies of most other tribes.

mä´ta´n--girl; plural, _mäta´nta_.

_Mä´wi_ (Comanche)--a Comanche chief in 1857.

<sc>Ma-ye-tin--see _Mä´ñyi´te-´n_.

mayi´agyă´--cramp, cholera. Used alone the word denotes a sudden cramp, not necessarily a regular sickness or disease, but with the addition of the word for _sickness_ it denotes the cholera, as _mayi´agyă´ hodlo´mkya_, "he is sick with cramp," or "he has the cramp sickness," i. e., he has cholera. I am sick, _äho´dalda_; I have cramp, _ä´mayi´agyă_.

MONE-KOME-HAINT--see _Mâ´ngomhe´ñte_.

Mo´tsätse´--"Muchacho" (Spanish, _boy_); a Kiowa boy frozen to death in the winter of 1890-91; also the name of a Kiowa man still living. Both derive their Spanish names from the fact of being of Mexican captive origin.

_Mûtsi´ănă-täni´u_ (Cheyenne)--the Cheyenne name for the Kiowa Apache (see _Tagu´i_ and Kiowa Apache synonymy.

_Nadi´i´sha-de´na_ (Apache)--see _Se´mät_ and Kiowa Apache synonymy.

_Nah-tan_ (Apache)--"Nah-tan, or Brave Man," an Apache signer of the treaty of 1867, as the name appears on the treaty.

_Nakü´`tärä hono_ (Comanche)--Nueces river, Texas (see _Donä´i p'a_).

_Na`la´ni_ (Navaho)--"many aliens or enemies;" the Navaho name for the Kiowa and allied tribes (see synonymy).

_Ni´chihenĕ´na_ (Arapaho)--see Kiowa synonymy.

_Noko´ni_ (Comanche)--a division of the Comanche.

nyägyai´to--I hate him.

o´ba-ikă´---you endure, you remain forever, you are always there. From the song of the Kâ´itse´ñko (see Summer 1871).

odal--to carry, or a thing for carrying, as a box, bag, etc; _odal gyädäbo_, I carry a box or bag; _o´dalpä_, to carry a package (_pä_, to tie) of meat (on the saddle or back). Cf. _kao´dal_ and _gyäko´dal_.

O´homo´ñko--see _O´moho´ñko_.

o´hyo--there, then.

O´moho´ñko or Omo´ñko--Omaha; frequently transposed to _O´homo´ñko_, _O´hom´oñ gu´an_, the "Omaha dance."

on--measure, mile; _beo´n_, measure it.

oñ´gua--see _donä´i_.

Oñ´guă p'a--(1) another name for _Donä´i p'a_ (Elk creek), q. v. (2) (North) Concho river(?), Chihuahua; "pecan river," so called from the abundance of pecan trees on it. A trail led from it across to the Pecos.

onhä´te--bear. Cf. _set_.

O´nhono´ñ p'a--Little Washita river, on the reservation. This is the present Comanche name, which has been adopted by the Kiowa. They formerly called it _Pi´ălai´bo-de p'a_, from _Pi´ărai´bo_, "Big-white-man," the Comanche name of interpreter E. L. Clarke, who used to live upon it and from whom the Comanche called the river (_Pi´ărai´bo hono_).

O´nhono´ñko--The Comanche living about Little Washita river. Cf. _O´nhono´ñ p'a_.

O´nhono´ñ-yä´daldä--Kichai hills, on the reservation; "O´nhono´ñko hill." Cf. _O´nhono´ñko_. Sometimes also called _Gañe´tä_, "there are hills." They have no regular name, but the first is more common.

o´päm-yai´po--"initiation rope," from _äo´pä_ (see _äo´päñ_) and _yai´po_; the sash worn about the neck of a member of the _Kâ´itseñ´ko_ (see Summer 1846).

o´päñ--initiation of the _Kâ´itse´ñko_, from _äo´päñ_ (see the preceding).

_ora´rĕkaru_ (Pawnee)--spring (season).

o´täbo--the word refers to (a nose?) "sticking up horizontally." Cf. _K`o´b-o´täbo_.

pa--(1) buffalo bull; (2) a male suffix, as _tañgi´apa´_, buck deer; (3) fur, down, fuzz; plural or collective, _pa´dal_; downy, _pa´gi_, as _pa´gi-älo´_, "downy plum," i. e., peach.

pa´--stupid, easy-going, quiet-tempered.

p'a--(1) moon or month; (2) river, creek, stream; the distinctive word for "creek" is _ase_, but it is seldom used.

Pa p'a--"Buffalo-bull creek;" (1) Buffalo creek, a southern tributary of the Cimarron, in Oklahoma; (2) a timberless stream, described as a small northern tributary(?) of the Cimarron, and apparently Bear creek or Two-butte creek, in southeastern Colorado.

Pa´-ä´ngya--"Sitting-bull," from _pa_ and _ä´ngya_; the Kiowa rendering of the name of _Hänä´chä-thi´ak_, "Sitting-bull," the Arapaho apostle of the Ghost dance, who inaugurated that ceremony among the Kiowa in the fall of 1890.

Pa´-ä´ti--"Bull-entrails;" a Kiowa warrior and Florida prisoner in 1875.

päbo--(1) An American horse (as distinguished from the smaller Indian or Mexican variety); plural, _päbo´go_; the word literally indicates something unusually tall or long-limbed; Cf. _tseñ_. (2) A soldier's cap brim, a vizor.

Päbo p'a--see _To´ñzo`go´dal p'a_.

Pä´bo-yä´daldä--"American-horse hill;" a hill near the head of _Päbo p'a_, otherwise _To´ñzo`go´dal p'a_, q. v., in northwestern Texas.

Pabo´n--"fur crook," from _pa_ or _pa´gyä_, and _bon_; the crook lance of the _Toñ-ko´ñko_ leaders; so called because wrapped with beaver fur.

Päbo´te--"American-horse;" a Kiowa chief about 1880, so called on account of his uncommon size (see _päbo_).

Pa-con-ta--"Pa-con-ta, My Young Brother;" the name of a Kiowa signer of the treaty of 1837, as it appears on the treaty. "Brother" is _päbi´_.

pä´da-i--twin. Cf. _pä´tsoga_.

Pä´da-i--"Twin;" a Kiowa warrior and Florida prisoner in 1875; still living.

Pa´-do`gâ´-i--see _Doha´sän_ (1).

PA´DOUCA--see _Gyai´ko_.

P'a E´dal--"great river;" (1) Rio Grande; (2) a great river beyond _K`o´b-e´tă´_ (the southern Rocky mountains), probably the Colorado of the west.

P'a E´dal Sän--"little _P'a E´dal_;" Pecos river, New Mexico.

P'a-Edal-T'a`ka´-i--"Rio Grande Mexicans;" the Mexicans along the Rio Grande, from about Laredo upward.

P'a-edal-T'a`ka´-igya--"Great river white-man's place," from _P'a Edal_, _t'a`ka´-i_, and _gyă_; Fort McIntosh, on the lower Rio Grande, Texas; the Kiowa seldom went below or east of this point.

Pa´-ehe´mgo´`te--"Lame-bull;" special agent W. H. Abell, so called on account of his lameness and his rough manner.

pä´go or pä´nyi´--one, solitary, alone. The first ten numerals are: _pä´go_, _yi´a_, _pä´o_, _yi´ä`gyä_, _o´nto_, _mă´să_, _pä´nse´_, _yä´`se_, _ga´`se_, _ga´kiñ_.

Pa´-gu´ak`o--"Yellow-bull;" a Kiowa warrior mentioned in 1864 as having been a delegate to Washington (see page 177).

pä´gun--to give by throwing away, as a sacrifice of scalps, etc.

Pa´-guñhe´nte--"Hornless-bull," from _pa_, _guñ_, _keñ_, and _te_. (1) A Kiowa warrior in 1846. (2) Another, killed by the Ute in 1868.

pa´gya--another form of _pa_, fur, q.v.

Pä´gya--see _Päsä´ngyä_.

pägyä--prairie, especially an extensive one, such as the Staked plain; another form is _pä´yă_.

pähä´dal--forks of a stream; _pähä´dalgyă_, at the forks.

pai--(1) Sun. (2) Abbreviated form of _pai´gya_, _pai´da_.

Pai A`gân´ti--"Summer _Ä`gâ´nti_; a Kiowa moon or month, comprising parts of April and May.

Pai Gañhi´ña P'a--"Summer _Gañhiñ´a P'a_;" a Kiowa moon or month, comprising parts of June and July.

Pai Te´pgañ P'a--"Summer _Te´pgañ P'a_;" a Kiowa moon or month, comprising parts of May and June.

pai´-ba´da--sunrise, from _pai_ and _badai´_; _pai´-ba´te de pe´bä_, "in the direction of the sunrise," i.e., east.

pai´da--see _pai´gya_.

pai´gya--summer; abbreviated _pai_; a plural form, _pai´da_, is also sometimes used.

Pai´-k`op Toñ´tep--"sun-mountain spring;" a noted spring and Indian rendezvous upon a mountain or mesa, about the southern border of the Staked plain. Cf. the following (see Summer 1857).

Pai toñ--"sun spring;" a well spring in the Staked plain, Texas, a journey of about a day and a half southwest from Double mountain, and flowing eastward. So called because the basin is a round hole in the rock. Cf. the preceding.

paiñ--dust, earth, dusty; it is dusty, _gyä-pai´ñyum_.

Pai´ñ-do´ p'a--"earth-house river;" a stream southwest from Double mountain, Texas; so called from an adobe house upon it. Cf. _Tso´paiñ Do´_.

Pa´-iñgya--"In-the-middle," from _kopa´-iñgya_; a Kiowa prophet in 1888.

pai'ñyoñhä´--dusty. Cf. _paiñ_.

Pai´-tälyi´--"Sun-boy." (1) A Kiowa chief who died in 1888; the name is sometimes rendered "Son of the Sun," or "Sun's Son," and may refer to (2) the Sun-boy hero, from whom is derived the _´dalbea´hya_, q. v.

pa´ki--thigh.

Pa´k`iägo--Sarsi; literally, "stupid people," from _pa´_ and _ki´ägo_; other possible etymologies are "thigh people," from _paki_; or from _Päki_ or _Päki´ăni_, the Shoshoni name for the Blackfeet, which in turn may be derived from _Pikŭ´nĭ_, the proper name of the Piegan, one of the Blackfoot divisions. The Sarsi are a small tribe of Athapascan stock, which separated about a hundred years ago from the parent tribe, the Beaver, on Peace river, British America, and moved southward, establishing themselves on the headwaters of the North Saskatchewan, near Battleford, about 53° north, under the protection of the Blackfeet. They are the northernmost tribe known to the Kiowa, who remember them as allied to the Blackfeet and as speaking an Apache dialect. Several prominent Kiowa are of Sarsi descent by former intermarriage. SIGN: Touching the thigh in a sweeping pass with the open right hand.

Paki´-gu´ădalkantă´--Brulé Sioux; "red-burnt thighs," from _paki_, _gu´ădal_, and _tsenka´n_. SIGN: Same as for _Pa´k`iägo_, followed by sign for Sioux (_K o´dalpäk`i´ägo_).

Pa´-ko´ñkya--"Black-bull," a Kiowa warrior in 1873.

_Palä´ni_--see _K at'a_.

Päli--"Valdez" (?), a Mexican captive and Florida prisoner in 1875; still living.

pä´ñgun or pä´ñgyä--a sacrificial offering, or offering "thrown away" upon a hill to the sun; from _päñ_, the root of the verb "to give," and _gun_, the root of the verb "to throw away." I am sacrificing, _gyäpä´amda´_; I have sacrificed, _gyäpä´oñ_ or _gyäpä´gun; gyäda´tsaiâ´mo_, I make or prepare a ceremonial other than sacrifice, as _K'a´do´_ or _Dä´-mä´tan-da´-i_.

Päñ´gyägi´ate--"Sacrifice-man," from _päñgyä_ and _te_; a Kiowa warrior killed in Mexico in 1853-54.

Pao´ngya--autumn; the name refers to the thickening of the fur (_pa_) of the buffalo; also called _Ai´deñ-gyägu´ădal-o´mgyä-i_, time "when the leaves are red," from _ai´deñ_. and _gu´ădal_.

_Päre´iyä_ (Comanche)--see _To´npe´to_.

_Pä´riăse´amăn_ (Comanche)--"Ten-elks;" a Comanche signer of the treaty of 1867, upon which the name appears as "Parry-wah-say-men or Ten Bears."

_Parry-wah-say-men_ (Comanche)--see _Pä´riăse´amăn_.

Päsä´ngyä--The Staked plain, of Texas and New Mexico; literally, "prairie edge," or "prairie bluff," from _pä´gyä_, and _sä´ngya_. The name properly refers only to the bluff edge or escarpment of the Staked plain, which itself is commonly referred to simply as _Pägyä_ or _Päya_. "The prairie."

pa´sot--thunder. According to the belief of the Kiowa and the plains tribes generally, thunder is produced by a large bird resembling the eagle.

Pa´sot-kyä`to´--General W. S. Hancock, present at the treaty of 1867; literally, "Old-man-of-the-thunder," from _pa´sot_ and _kyä`to´_; so called on account of the eagles upon his shoulder straps, emblematic of his rank, which were thought by the Indians to symbolize the thunder bird. The Kiowa say that he was called by the whites _Ga´nu´än_ (General?).

Pä´sûñko or Pä´suñ-T'a`ka´-i--Mexicans about El Paso on the Rio Grande; from the Spanish _Paseños_.

pät, pätdo´--having low spreading branches; from _pät_, an archaic word for low spreading branches, and _-do_ or _-dă´_, a suffix implying having, it has, or there is, from _gyädo´_.

Pa´-ta´dal--"Lean-bull;" (1) see _Koñ´a-biñ´ate_. (2) A Kiowa war chief in 1874-75, still living. He is commonly known to the whites as "Poor-buffalo," and in the last outbreak gained the name of _Ta´-tätheñ´te_, "Never-unsaddled" (from _ta´gyä, tät?_, _heñ_, and _te_), from his practice of keeping his horse saddled at night, to be always ready for surprise.

Pa´te´pte--see _Da´tekâñ_.

Pa´to´--see _T'ene´`taide_.

Pa´-to´n--"Bull-tail;" a Kiowa warrior killed by the Mexicans in 1834-35.

pätsä´t--end, top; as _ä´-pätsä´t_, _k`o´p-pätsä´t_, _â´dal-pätsä´t_, _p'a-pätsä´t_.

pä´tsoga--similar, looking alike. Cf. _pä´da-i_.

Pätso`ga´te--"Looking-alike;" a daughter of Stumbling-bear noted for her beauty. She died in 1882.

Pä´ya--see _pä´gyă_ and _Päsä´ngyä_.

pe--sand.

Pe p'a--"sand river;" Smoky-hill river, Kansas.

Pe p'a edal--"great sand river;" Red river (of Texas and Indian Territory), so called both above and below the North fork.

Pe toñ--"sand spring;" a water hole on the Staked plain, in Texas or New Mexico.

p'e´`gyä--they fell; _p'e´`gya_, it is falling (as rain, snow, or shower of meteors); _t'o´dal p'e´daldä´to_, it is snowing.

peñ--turkey; plural _peñ´ko_; _peñ sän_, quail, i. e., "little turkey."

Peñ p'a--"turkey creek." (1) A small southwestern branch of Elk creek (of North fork), in H county, Oklahoma; (2) a southern tributary of North fork of Red river, in Greer county, Oklahoma, beyond Mount Walsh.

penä--sugar, candy; it is the same in the Comanche language, from which the Kiowa may have adopted it.

Penä p'a--"sugar creek;" sugar creek on Wichita reservation; sometimes also called _Do`gu´at p'a_, "Wichita creek."

_Pe´nätĕ´ka_ (Comanche)--see _Ä´-gyai`ko_.

pep--bush, tree; see also _ä; gyäpe´`boñ_, it is bushy or thickety.

Peyi--"Sand-child," from _pe_ and _i_; a young Kiowa man who committed suicide in 1886-87.

piă--fire. Cf. _piä_.

piä--eating; food, _pi´äñgya_; I eat, _gyä`pa´to_. Cf. _piă_, _gyäpa´ta_, and _gyäpä´to_.

Piä-ki´adă--Christmas; literally, "eating day."

Pi´alai´bo--see _Pi´ărai´bo_.

Pi´alai´bo-de p'a--see _O´nhon´oñ p'a_.

_Pi´änä´vonĭt_ (Comanche)--"Big-looking-glass;" a Comanche chief and delegate to Washington in 1892.

_Pi´arai´bo_ (Comanche)--"Big-whiteman," from, _piäp_, big, and _taivo_, a white man; the Comanche name of interpreter E. L. Clarke, corrupted by the Kiowa to _Pi´alai´bo_.

pi'ăta´ñga--see _guñse´to_.

pi´ăya--summit, top.

Pi´ăya-do´-tse´dalte--see _K`o´p-tai´-do´-tse´-dalte_.

_pi´cikŭt_ (Pawnee)--winter.

pi´ho´--peninsula, bend in a river or coast.

Pi´ho´--"peninsula;" a bend in the Washita a short distance below Walnut creek and the Wichita line. A favorite place for the Sun dance. See Summers 1839 and 1885.

Pĭ´semâ´i--see _T'a`ka´-i-p'o´dal_.

po--trap; spider web. Cf. _p'o_.

p'o--beaver. Cf. _po_.

P'o p'a--"beaver river;" (1) North Canadian river and its upper branch, Beaver creek, in Oklahoma; (2) Otter creek, branch of North fork, on the reservation; (3) Beaver creek, east of Fort Sill, on the reservation.

P'o p'a sän--"little beaver creek," Little Beaver creek, east of Fort Sill, on the reservation.

Po´băro--see _Te´guăgo_.

p'odal (plural, _p'o´tă´_)--worm, reptile, insect, snake; used for both creeping and flying insects, including flies, and occasionally for snakes, but not for turtles. For many insects they have no specific name.

P'o´dal-â´dalte--see _Zoñ´tam_.

P'o´dalä´ñte--"Coming-snake," from _p'odal_, _ää_, and _te_; a Kiowa warrior killed in Greer county, Oklahoma, in 1891. Abbreviated _P'olä´ñte_.

P'o´dalk`i´ägo or P'o´dalgyä´ko--see _Gyai`ko_.

p'o´dal(-tă)--spoiled, useless, deformed, split, as _Ma´-p'o´dal_, "split-nose."

po´dodal--a variety of bird.

Po´dodal(-te´)--a Kiowa warrior in 1879-80.

Poho´me--The Kiowa name of John Smith, a noted trader about 1860--1867, and Government interpreter for the Cheyenne, who called him _Po´omûts_, "Gray-blanket," or "Saddle-blanket," whence his Kiowa name.

poho´n-ä--walnut tree; _poho´n-e_, a walnut. A woman with her nose cut off, the former punishment for adultery, is called _poho´nmä_, plural _poho´nma´imo_, from the fancied resemblance of the mutilated nose to a split walnut. A man so disfigured would be called _k`i´ñähyum_.

Poho´n-ä p'a--"walnut creek;" Scout's creek, a tributary of North fork, near Fort Elliott, in the Texas panhandle.

P'oläñ´te--see _P'o´dalä´ñte_.

poläñ´yi--rabbit; plural, _polä´ñyup_; evidently connected with _poli´ăkya_, q. v., a pet name is _tsä´nyi_, plural, _tsä´ñyui_.

Polä´ñyi-kato´n--"Rabbit-shoulder;" a Kiowa calendar keeper, now dead.

Polä´ñyup--"Rabbits;" the lowest order of the Kiowa military organization; sometimes called _Tsä´nyui_, another word for "rabbits."

poli´ăkya--hare lip, split lip; _Zo´n-poli´ăkya_, a vacant place from which a tooth has been lost. Cf. _polä´ñyi_.

Poli´ăkya--"Hare-lip;" alias _Ka´giätse´_, "Thick-blanket," from _kata_ and _etse´_ (?); the chief of the Kiowa at the time of the first alliance with the Comanche.

_Pooh-yah-to-yeh-be_ (Comanche)--see _Pu´iwito´yäbi_.

_Po´omûts_ (Cheyenne)--see _Poho´me_.

Po'-Sĭ´l--See _Tso´`kadahä´gya_.

po´to´ or po´tă´--a prong or branch; _ä´po´to´_, a forked pole, especially of the medicine lodge; a table fork is called _gi´ă-tsoñ´i_, "meat awl."

_Pu´iwito´yäbi_ (Comanche)--"Iron-mountain;" a Comanche signer of the treaty of 1867, where the name appears as "Pooh-yah-to-yeh-be."

Quay-ham-kay--"Quay-ham-kay, The Stone Shell;" the name of a Kiowa warrior painted by Catlin in 1834, as given by the artist. It can not be identified. Cf. _k`o´dali´ätoñ_.

sa'bă--stingy.

Sa´bă--see _Do´ho´n_.

sabiñ´a--quiver; sometimes called _ä´gobi´ĭmkâ´-i_, "feather case." The quiver is made of panther skin, or of Mexican leather, never of deer or antelope skin.

sa´dal--(1) masticated food in the stomach, whence also _intestine_, _belly_ (see also _äti_); (2) having, furnished with, in composition. Cf. _Guñsa´dalte_.

sä´dalgu´ăt--sweat-house, from _sä´daltep_.

sa´dalka´ñi--the manifold or stomach-rind of a buffalo or cow, from _sadal_ and _kañi_.

Sa´dalkañi k`op--"manifold mountain;" the Black hills, South Dakota.

sa´dălso´mte--weasel; literally, "belly rubber, or dragger," from _sadal_ and _somta_.

Sa´dălso´mte-k`i´ägo--see _Semät_.

sä´daltep--sweat (noun).

SAD-DY-YO--see _Sä´riyo_.

sâ´he--blue, green; _sâ´he-ko´ñkya_, dark blue.

sai or saigya--winter, year; plural, _säta_ (see page 366).

SAITKOPETA, PAUL--see _Se´tk`o´pte_.

Säki´bo(-go)--Sauks, from their proper name, _Oñsa´ki_ or _Saki_.

Sä´k`odal Gu´ădal Do´ha´--"Cheyenne red bluff;" the Red hills on the North Canadian above Fort Reno, Oklahoma. Cf. _Gu´ădal Do´ha´_.

sa`kon--buffalo chips; _sa´gya_, dung.

Sa´`kon-yä´daldä or Sä-yä´daldä--"buffalo-chip hill;" a hill or mountain near Salt fork or White-river fork of Brazos river in Texas (see _Ahiñă p'a_).

Sa´`kon-yä´daldä p'a--"buffalo chip-hill river;" Duck creek, a branch of Salt fork or White-river fork of Brazos river, Texas; also called _Ahiñ´a p'a_, "cedar creek."

sä-kop--midwinter, from _sai_ and _kopa´-iñgya_.

Sä´kop p'a--see _Ä`gâ´nti_.

Sä´k`ota--Cheyenne; singular, Sä´k`odal, etymology doubtful. Also called _T'a´-sep_, "pierced-ear," or _Ä-gu´at_, "painted feathers," from the fact that for their arrows they always used wild-turkey feathers, which are transversely striped. Their Comanche name, _Pä´ganä´vo_, denotes "striped arrows," and the tribal sign, made by drawing the right index finger across the left, seems to convey the same idea.

Sä´k`ota-ä´oto´n-de p'a--"creek where the Cheyenne were massacred;" a northern tributary of North fork of Red river, the second below Sweetwater creek, in F county, Oklahoma; so called from a massacre there in 1837, q. v.

sä`lä´ti--hot, from _gyäsä´dal_, it is hot.

sän--little; an archaic form, in composition, is _t'an_, q. v.

sä´ne´--snake; _säne´hiñ_, rattlesnake, literally, "principal snake."

Sä´ne´ p'a--"snake creek;" Deep creek, entering Cache creek, south of Fort Sill, on the reservation.

sä´ngya--an overhanging bluff or escarpment. Cf. _Päsängyä_.

Sänko--see _Gyaí´`ko_.

sa´omhäpä--blood came up from him, i. e., he had a hemorrhage; _om_, a drop of blood; _oñkya_, blood.

SA-PA-GA--see _Se´tpä´go_.

sa´pän--ashes.

sa´podal--a mythic cannibal monster; hence also, from its human expression, an owl, properly _mahi´ñ_.

Sa´podal-â´daltoñ p'a--"owl-head creek," a western branch of _Ä´dan p'a_, q. v.; so called from the figures of two owls cut upon a tree where the trail crosses.

_Sä´riyo_ (Comanche)--"Dog-fat;" a Comanche signer of the treaty of 1867, where his name appears as "Saddy-yo," the Comanche _r_ sometimes approximating _d_.

säta--plural of _sai_, _sai´gya_, q. v.

SA-TA-MORE--see _Se´t-emâ´i_.

SATANA--see _Set-t'a´iñte_.

SATANK--see _Set-ä´ngya_.

SA-TAN-TA--see _Set-t'a´iñte_.

SATEKOPETA, PAUL--see _Set-k`o´pte_.

SA-TIM-GEAR--see _Se't-ĭmki´a_.

sa´top--pipe.

Sa´wăno--Shawano, Shawnee.

SEE-TI-TOH--see _Set-t'ai´ñte_.

se´hän--horned toad.

sek`a´n--dogwood (_Cornus asperifolia_), used by the southern plains tribes for arrows, but not for bows.

Sek`a´n p'a--"dogwood creek;" a small southern tributary of South Canadian river in the panhandle of Texas, a short distance below Adobe Walls; perhaps Chicken creek.

Se´mät--Kiowa Apache; literally, "Thieves" (singular, dual, and plural alike). Cf. _Ä´semtse_. They have been so called for the last twelve years on account of having stolen and killed the cattle and hogs of the Kiowa. Formerly called _Tagu´i_, the generic Kiowa name for the tribes of Apache stock; also _Sa´dălso´mte-k`i´ägo_, "weasel people" (see Kiowa Apache synonymy).

Semät p'a--"Apache creek;" an upper branch of Cache creek, joining with _E´gu´a p'a_ (Chandler creek), on the reservation; so called because the Kiowa Apache reside chiefly upon it.

Se´mätmä--"Apache-woman;" a Kiowa woman in the Osage massacre of 1833. Her proper name was probably _Tagu´imä_, as the Apache were then called _Tagu´i_.

sen--nostril.

señ--prickly.

Señ p'a--"cactus river;" Salado river, Nuevo Leon, Mexico. The name refers to the tall upright cactus (_Cereus giganteus_), not to the prickly pear (_Opuntia_). The Kiowa say there are salt beds on its lower course.

señ-ä--willow.

Señ´-ä p'a--(1) "willow creek;" a northern tributary of the Washita, about four miles below Sugar creek, Wichita reservation. (2) Sabinas river, a tributary of Salado river, Nuevo Leon, Mexico. (3) A northern tributary of Beaver creek, a short distance above the junction of the Palo Duro, Oklahoma.

señ´-älo´--the prickly pear (_Opuntia tortispina?_), literally "prickly plum," from _señ_ and _älo´_. Eaten raw by the Indians.

Se´ñ-älo´k`op--"prickly-pear mountain," a low rocky hill near Stumbling-bear's camp on the road to Fort Sill; so called from the abundance of prickly pears upon it.

Se´ñ-älo´ p'a--"prickly-pear creek;" a creek near Bent's fort in Colorado, perhaps Caddo or Rate creek (see Summer 1856).

se´ñi--cactus, especially the peyote (_Lophophora_), eaten with religious ceremonial; literally, "prickly fruit," from _señ_ and _i_; in composition, _señ_.

se´npa´ga--mustache; cf. _se´npo_.

se´npo--mustache, beard; plural _se´npa´ga_, from _sen_, nostril, and _paga_, down, fur, fuzz; _pa´`da_, a single hair of fur or fuzz, pubis, beard, etc; _a´da´_, a single hair of head, eyelash, of horse, cow, etc. Cf. _Be´dalpa´go_.

se´np'odal-e´ (or _se´np'ole´_)--a water bulb, apparently the water lily, growing in Swan lake and other ponds on the Wichita reservation; eaten by the Indians.

Se´np'odal-e´ p'a--"water-lilycreek" (?). Pond creek, a northern tributary of the Washita, on the Wichita reservation.

Se´np'odal-e´ setso´--"water-lily pond" (?). Swan lake, on the Wichita reservation.

Se´npo-gu´ădal--"Red-beard;" J. M. Haworth, Kiowa agent, 1873--1878; Battey writes it _Simpoquodle_.

Se´npo-ze´dălbe--"Terrible-beard." (1) William Madison or Matthewson, a former trader among the Kiowa. About the year 1865 he had a trading house at the Santa Fé crossing of Cow creek in Kansas, from which he moved when the Kiowa were put upon the reservation in 1869, and established a house on the west side of Cache creek, 2-1/2 miles below Fort Sill, on the reservation, where he remained until about 1876. His place on Cache creek was about on the site formerly occupied by _Tome´te_, q. v. It is said he was sometimes known as _Ma´ñtaka´k`ia_, q. v. (2) Timothy Peet, trading clerk at Anadarko; the name was transferred to him from Madison.

SEN-SON-DA-CAT--"Sen-son-da-cat", the White Bird; a Kiowa signer of the treaty of 1837, as the name appears on the treaty. It can not be identified; "White-bird" would be _T'ene´-t'ai´ñte_.

sep--(1) rain; _sepdo_, it is raining. (2) The root of the verb "to pierce" or "to sew."

Se´pyä´daldä--"rainy mountain," from _sep_ and _yä´daldä_; Rainy mountain, on the reservation, about 30 miles west of Anadarko.

Se´pyä´daldä p'a--"rainy-mountain creek;" the western branch, of Rainy-mountain creek, a southern tributary of Washita river near Rainy mountain. The eastern branch is called _Tsodo´m p'a_, q. v., and the main stream below the junction is called _Tsen p'a_.

Se´se--arrowhead; when made of stone, it is sometimes distinguished as _k`a´-ikon sese_.

Se´se p'a--"arrowhead river;" Arkansas river, the most prominent river in Kiowa narrative. According to Clark it is known as Flint (i. e., flint arrowhead) river among the plains tribes generally.

Se´se p'a hoan--"Arkansas river road;" the Santa Fé trail.

set--bear; an archaic word used now only in composition, especially in proper names. The ordinary word is _onhä´te_.

se´tä--the small intestine of the buffalo or cow.

Setä--"Cow-intestines;" a school boy frozen to death in the winter of 1890-91, probably the "Sailor" of Scott's report on the subject.

Se t-ä´gyai´--"Bear-on-tree," from _set_ and _ä_; a Kiowa warrior killed by the Pawnee in 1851.

Se´t-ä´ngya--"Sitting-bear." (1) A noted Kiowa war chief, commonly known as Satank, killed at Fort Sill in 1871. (2) A son of the above, killed in Texas about a year before.

Se´t-daya´-ite--"Many-bears," from _set_, _da_, _a-i_, and _te_. (1) A Kiowa warrior, known to the whites as Heap-of-Bears, killed by the Ute in 1868. (2) A keeper of the _taíme_, 1876--1883.

Se´t-emâ´-i--"Bear-lying-down" (habitually); cf. _k`a_ (2). A Kiowa signer of the treaty of 1867, where his name appears as Sa-ta-more.

Set-ĭmki´a--"Pushing-bear," from _set_ and _deki´a_; a noted Kiowa war chief, still living, one of the signers of the treaty of 1867, where his name appears as "Sa-tim-gear, or Stumbling Bear." His name is commonly abbreviated to _Ĭmki´a_, while to the whites he is known as Stumbling-bear, a mistranslation of his proper name, which indicates a bear that overthrows or pushes over everything in his way.

Se´t-k`o´dalte--see _Ä´taha´-ik`i_.

Se´t-k`o´pte (Paul)--"Mountain-bear;" a Kiowa warrior and Florida prisoner in 1875; as a boy he was called "Buffalo-horns." At the close of his imprisonment he was adopted into a white family under the name of Paul Saitkopeta Carruthers. He returned to his tribe in 1882 and is still living.

Se´t-mä´nte--"Bear-above" (Sky-bear). The Kiowa name of a Kiowa Apache signer of the treaty of 1837, in which it appears as "Cet-ma-ni-ta, the Walking Bear." A Kiowa warrior and Florida prisoner in 1875. Cf. _Mamä´nte_.

Se´t-pä´go--"Lone-bear;" a Kiowa signer of the treaty of 1867, in which the name appears as "Sit-par-ga, or Sa-pa-ga, One Bear."

Set-pa´te--"He-bear;" a Kiowa warrior about 1854 (see Winter 1854-55).

setse´yu--hog; literally, "domestic bear," from _set_ and _tseyu_.

Setse´yu p'a--"hog creek;" Hog creek, a southern tributary of the Washita, about eight miles above Anadarko, on the reservation. So called on account of the former presence there of wild hogs which had escaped from the Caddo north of the river.

setso´--lake, pond.

Setso´--"lake;" Swan lake, Wichita reservation. Being the only lake in the region, it is simply called "the lake."

Setso´ edal--"big lake;" a large lake in Coahuila or Chihuahua, Mexico, described as having an island upon which was a Mexican fort.

Se´t ta´dal--"Lean-bear." (1) A Kiowa (?) warrior in 1864-65. (2) A Kiowa Apache chief and signer of the treaty of 1867, being then the head chief of the tribe. His proper Apache name was _Gu´ăñteka´na_, of which Se´t-ta´dal is the Kiowa rendering. It appears on the treaty as "Kon-zhon-ta-co, Poor Bear." He was the father of White-man, present head chief of the Apache.

Se´t-t'a´iñte--"White-bear;" a noted Kiowa chief and signer of the treaty of 1867, who committed suicide in prison in 1878. He was commonly known as Satanta; other forms are Satana and See-ti-toh. In boyhood he was called _Gu´atoñ-biăn_, "Big-ribs," and since the death, in 1894, of his son, who inherited the father's name, this last name only is used in referring to him.

Set-t'ai´ñte-T'a`ka´-imai´mo-e´`paga´ni-de p'a--"river where Set-t'ai´ñte brought the white women;" Satanta creek, alias North or Kiowa creek, a northern tributary of Cimarron river in Comanche county, Kansas; so called because Set-t'ai´ñte brought there some white women and children captured in Texas about thirty years ago. Doha´sän died at its junction with the Cimarron.

Se´t-t'an--"Little-bear;" a Kiowa warrior and author of the principal calendar here published.

_Shĭ´shinu´wut-tsĭ´täni´u_ (Cheyenne)--the Comanche (see Kiowa synonymy).

_Si´ăchĭ´nika_ (Comanche)--"Standing-head-feather;" a Comanche signer of the treaty of 1867, where the name appears as "Cear-chi-neka."

SIMPOQUODLE--see _Se´npo-gu´ădal_.

Sindi--a mythic trickster and wonder-worker of the Kiowa.

Si´ndiyu´i--see _Koñtä´lyui_.

SIT-PAR-GA--see _Se´tpä´go_.

so´le--see _Yä´`pahe´_.

So´le p'a--"soldier creek;" Cache creek, near Fort Sill, on the reservation. Sometimes called _Tso´`kada´hä So´le p'a_, "Medicine-bluff Soldier creek."

somta--rubbing; _gyäso´nmo_, I whet; _deso´nmo_, I rub myself; _dega´mo_, I anoint.

son--grass.

So´ndo´ta--Shoshoni; literally, "grass houses," from _son_ and _do´_, said to refer to a former custom of weaving tipis or wikiups of rushes; also called _So´soni_. TRIBAL SIGN: Index finger thrust forward with a serpentine movement, followed by sign for "man;" commonly interpreted "Snake people," but perhaps originally designed to indicate the manner of weaving the rushes. Cf. _Gyai´`ko_.

So´npata--see _A´se´gya_.

Son-t'aiñ p'a--"white grass creek;" a branch of White river of Brazos river, Texas.

So´soni--see _So´ndo´ta_.

Soto--Auguste Chouteau, the first trader regularly established in the Kiowa country, about 1835.

t'a--(1) Ear; singular, _t'a_; dual, _t'ati_; plural, _t'agă_. (2) Antelope; plural, _t'a´sedăl_. _T'äp_, the generic word for deer, antelope, etc, is sometimes used specifically for antelope. Cf. _kyai´`guan_ and _tañ´gia_.

tä--eye; dual, _täti_; plural, _tägă_.

t'[)ä]--first light (?) Cf. _ki´ătä_.

ta´-ä--the elm (_Ulmus americana_); literally, "saddle wood," from _ta´gyä_ and _ä_, because used by the Indians to make saddle trees; also called _ga´dal-ä_, "buffalo wood," because the buffalo liked to stand under its shade.

_Tä´binä´năkă_, (Comanche)--"Hears- (or understands-) the-sun;" a noted Comanche chief, who died in 1892. By the Kiowa he was called _Pai´-ta´ya_, an exact rendering of his Comanche name.

T'a´-bo´dal--"Spoiled-ear;" the Kiowa call by this name an earless Navaho killed by them in the winter of 1867-68. _Bodal_ seems to refer to "cut off," distinct from _p'odalta_. Cf. _ka´bodal_.

ta´dal--lean (adjective).

tä´dăldă--hole.

Ta´dalk`i´a--"Lean-man;" agent P. B. Hunt, 1878--1885.

tä´dalkop--smallpox; literally, "hole sickness," from _tä´dăldă_ and _kop_.

Tä´dalkop p'a--"smallpox creek;" Mule creek, a tributary of Medicine-lodge creek, Oklahoma; so called because the Kiowa held there the first sun dance after the smallpox epidemic of 1861-62.

_Tâ´guga´la_ (Jemez pueblo)--see _Tagu´i_.

Tagu´i--Apache, etc; the generic Kiowa name for all tribes of Athapascan or Apache stock. In consequence of the death of a person of that name, it was superseded for a time by _K`a-pä´top_, "Knife-whetters," but the original name is now restored. The etymology is uncertain, but the word is evidently connected with _Tâ´guga´la_ and _Ta´gukere´sh_, and perhaps with _Tashĭn, Ga´ta`ka_ and _Tha´`ka-hinĕ´na_. Cf. _T'a`ka´-i_. The Kiowa include under this generic term the _Ä´-tagu´i_ (Lipan), _K`op-tagu´i_ (Jicarilla), _Ĕ´sikwita_ (Mescalero), _Do´-ko´nsenä´go_ (Chiricahua), _Ze´bä-gi´ăni_ (----), and _Se´mät_ (Kiowa Apache). TRIBAL SIGN: Right index finger rubbed briskly up and down along left index finger, as though whetting a knife. For other specific and generic names applied to the Apache, see Kiowa Apache synonymy.

_Ta´gukere´sh_ (Pecos pueblo)--see _Tagu´i_.

T'a´gu´ñ-yä´daldä.--"antelope antlers hill," from _t'a, guñ_, and _yä´daldä_; Antelope hills, on south side of South Canadian river, near the western Oklahoma line, in E county.

T'a´guño´tal p'a--"moon when the antelope antlers drop off," from _t'a, guñ, otal_, and _p'a_; a Kiowa moon or month, including portions of August and September.

T'a´guñ´otal P'a Sän--"Little _T'a´guño´tal P'a_;" a Kiowa moon or month, including portions of July and August.

ta´gya--saddle; in composition _ta_, as _ta´-ä_, "saddle wood," _Ta´ k`o´p_, "Saddle mountain."

Tägyä´ko--Northern Arapaho (Wyoming), "Wild-sage people," "Sagebrush people," from _tä´gyĭ_ and _ko_ or _k`iägo_. Cf. _Ä´hyäto_ and _Bo´tk`i´ägo_.

tä´gyĭ--wild sage, sagebrush (_Artemisia ludoviciana_).

taha´--erect, high, curved.

_Ta´ha_ (Apache)--an Apache chief and delegate to Washington in 1870, still living.

ta´ho--refers to "leading confederates." Cf. _Gu´a´na-de-`ta´ho_.

-tai´de--chief, in composition, as _T'ene´-tai´de_, "Bird-chief;" it comes from a root signifying above, top, on top of; _gyätai´de_, he is above, i. e., he is chief.

tai´me--the great Sun-dance medicine of the Kiowa (see page 240). The etymology is doubtful, but the same word signifies also "mosquito" and "silent." _Ĭmtai´me_, you are silent; _tai´me`gŭ´_, talkative, sociable.

tai´me-bi´ĭmkâ´i--"tai´me box;" the peculiarly shaped and decorated rawhide box in which the _tai´me_ image is preserved.

Tai´mete´--"Taime-man;" a priest and keeper of the _tai´me_ from 1883 until his death in 1894.

t'aiñ--white.

T'aiñ do´ha´--"White bluff." (1) A bluff on upper South Canadian river, near the New Mexico line. (2) (Same?); a bluff at or beyond the head of _Pa p'a_ (_2_), about southeastern Colorado (see Winter 1840-41).

T'aiñ p'a--"White river." (1) An extreme upper northern tributary of South Canadian river, one day's journey below the salt beds (at the New Mexico line), and about halfway to _Gu´adal do´ha´_; perhaps Major Long's creek, Texas panhandle (see Winter 1847-48). (2) Brazos river, Texas, main stream; also White river, alias Catfish creek, near its head.

T'ai´ñte--"White;" special agent E. E. White, 1887-88.

T'aiñ-yädaldä--"white hill;" a hill or hills near the head of White river of the Brazos, Texas. _ Tä´ka Ho´norĭt_ (Comanche)--see _Ä´sese p'a_.

Tä´-ka´gyä p'a--"eye-triumph creek;" a small branch of Apache creek, on the reservation, near where now is Muchacho's house (see Winter 1879-80).

taka´-i--(1) buckskin; (2) a saddle blanket, of buffalo hide. Cf. _T'a`ka´-i_.

Ta`ka´-i--see _Be´dalpa´go_. Cf. _taka´-i_.

Taka´-i-p'o´dal--"Spoiled-saddle-blanket;" a Kiowa signer of the treaty of 1867, where the name appears as "Fish-e-more, or Stinking saddle;" commonly abbreviated to _Taka´-ite_. The name "Fish-e-more," as given in the treaty, is pronounced _Pĭ´semâ´i_ by the Kiowa, who say that it is a foreign word, old, and with no meaning in Kiowa.

T'a`ka´-i-tai´de--"White-man-chief;" the Kiowa name of Tsa´yadi´tlti or White-man, present head chief of the Apache.

Taka´-ite--see _Taka´-i-p'o´dal_.

TA-KA-TA-COUCHE--"Ta-ka-ta-couche, the Black Bird," a Kiowa signer of the treaty of 1837, as the name appears in the treaty. The correct form may be _T'ene´-koñ´kya_, q. v.

t'a´-ko´ñ--"black-ear;" a variety of horse, light in color, but with black ears, prized by the Kiowa as the best for racing. Sometimes particularly specified as _t'a´-ko´ñ tseñ_, "black-eared horse" (see Summers 1861 and 1867).

T´a´-ko´ñ--"Black-ear;" a noted race horse stolen by the Navaho in 1867 (see the preceding).

Ta´-k`op´--"saddle mountain," from, _ta´gyä_ and _k`op_; Saddle mountain, near the head of Walnut creek, on the reservation.

tä`lä´--folded, bent double, shortened (applied only to feathers).

tä´lyi´--boy; plural, _tälyu´p_, or in some proper names _tälyu´i_.

Tälyi´-da´-i--see _´dalbea´hya_.

Ta´mĭsi--Thomas C. Battey, first teacher among the Kiowa, in 1873; now living in Mosk, Ohio.

t'an--small, little; an archaic word used now only in proper names. The common word is _sän_, q. v.

tän--(1) an edible turnip-like root; (2) a kind of headdress of upright feathers, a crest of feathers; _ätä´ndo_, he has a headdress of upright feathers.

TA-NE-CONGAIS--see _T'ene´-ko´ñkya_.

tañ´gia--deer, a ceremonial word, used only by old people; _tañgi´apa´_, a buck deer; _tañgi´atsä´_, a doe. The common word is _kya´`guan_, literally "jumper," or _t'äp_, q. v.

Tañgi´apa´--"Buck-deer;" a Kiowa warrior killed by the Mexicans in 1850-51.

Tä´n-gu´ădal--"Red-feather-head-dress," (or red _tän_ root?); a noted Kiowa warrior killed in Texas in 1868-69. Cf. _Tä´n-ko´ñkya_.

t'añi--smooth; _t'añ´edă´_, it is smooth.

Tä´n-ko´ñkya--"Black-feathered-headdress;" a noted Kiowa war chief who died in 1865-66. Cf. _Tä´n-gu´ădal_.

t'ä´ñpe-ä´--the skunkberry bush (_Rhus trilobata_); plural _t'äñpe´ko_; _t'ä´ñpe-i´_, skunkberry. The seeds or berries are eaten raw, or beaten up with sugar, and considered a dainty, although very bitter.

T'ä´ñpeä´ p'a--"skunkberry creek;" a southern tributary of the South Canadian, about opposite Lathrop, in the panhandle of Texas. White-deer creek (?).

T'äñpe´ko--"Skunkberry people," alias _Tse´ñ-´â´dalka´-i_, "Crazy Horses;" the "War-club" band of Clark. One of the six Kiowa military orders (see page 229).

T'a´ñ-yä´daldä--"smooth hill," from _t'añi_ and _yädaldä_; a hill or mountain near Fort Clark, southern Texas.

T'a´ñ-yä´daldä p'a--"smooth-hill river;" Las Moras creek (?) of the Rio Grande; described as at Fort Clark (see the preceding).

T'a´ñ-yä´daldä- yä´`pähe´gya--"smooth hill soldier place;" Fort Clark, southern Texas (see the preceding).

t'äp--deer, antelope, etc, especially antelope. Cf. also _t'a_, _kyai´`guan_, _tañgi´a_, _ko`ga´-i_.

_Tă´săwi_ (Comanche)--A Comanche signer of the treaty of 1867, where the name appears as "To-sa-in, To-she-wi, or Silver Brooch."

T'a´-sep--see _Sä´k`ota_.

_Ta´shĭn_ (Comanche)--see _Tagu´i_ and Kiowa Apache synonymy.

Ta´-täthe´ñte--see _Pa´-ta´dal_.

t'a´-tse´ñ--wild horse; literally, "antelope horse."

_Tä´yăkwo´ip_ (Comanche)--"Sore-backed horse;" a Comanche signer of the treaty of 1867, where the name appears as "Tir-ha-yah-guahip, or Horse's Back."

t'a´-zo´tă´--an antelope corral or driveway (see page 309). Cf. _zo´tă´_.

T'a´-zo´tă´ p'a--"antelope corral creek;" Bear creek, between Cimarron and Arkansas rivers, near the western line of Kansas.

-te, -ti--a personal suffix, usually masculine, in proper names.

T'e´bodal(-te)--"One-who-carries-a-pack-of-meat-from-the-buffalo's-lower-leg;" the full form would be T'e´bodal-pä´te (cf. _Tso`k`o´dalte_), from _t'epga_, _odal_, and _te_; the oldest man of the Kiowa tribe, now about eighty years of age.

te´dal--white clay; used by the Indians for paint; another form is _te´li_.

Te´dal toñ--"white-clay spring;" a water hole on the Staked plain, so called from the white clay found there. There are two wells on the Staked plain, known as Tierra Blanca or Ojo Blanco, one in Texas, the other in New Mexico.

Te´guă(-go)--Pueblo; the name is a derivative from Tegua or Tewa and includes all the Pueblo Indians; the Comanche form is _Tewa_. They were formerly also called _Be´dalpahe´ñko_, "Beardless people" (cf. _Be´dalpa´go_) and are sometimes designated as _Po´băro_, a Comanche corruption of "Pueblo." SIGN: Hair grasped behind with the right hand, to indicate the Pueblo style of bunching it.

Tehä´neko, Tehä´no--Texans, singular _Tehä´nek`i_, from the Spanish _Tejano_. The Kiowa and associated tribes always regarded the Texans as a distinct people from the _T'o-t'a`ka´-i_, or Americans, of Kansas and the north.

TEH-TOOT-SAH--see _Doha´sän_.

te´li--see _te´dal_.

tem--bone; plural _toñ_.

ten--heart.

Te´n-ät'a´nte--"Little-heart," from _ten_, _t'an_, and _te_; a Kiowa warrior killed by the Pawnee in 1851.

te´ñbe--see _ä´dalto´yi_.

Te´ñbe k`op, or Te´ñbei´a k`op--"Wild-sheep mountain," i. e., "Te´ñbeyu´i mountain," because the Te´ñbeyu´i, q. v., used to dance there at a spring near the river; a mountain on the east side of North fork, just below Elk creek, on the reservation; sometimes incorrectly called _Gabo´dăli k`op_, "Sheep (or goat) mountain."

Te´ñbeyu´i--see _Ä´dalto´yui_.

t'ene´--bird; on account of a death a few years ago the word _gu´ăto_ is now used instead.

T'ene´-ango´pte--"Kicking-bird," usually abbreviated to _Ango´pte_, from _t'ene´_, _gyä´ango´p_, and _te_: (1) A Kiowa warrior about 1843. (2) A noted chief who died in 1875; upon the treaty of 1867 his name appears as Ton-a-en-ko, "Kicking Eagle."

T'ene´-badai´--"Bird-appearing;" a Kiowa warrior noted for his good looks, killed by the Caddo in 1860.

T'ene´-ko´ñkya--"Black-bird;" a Kiowa signer of the treaty of 1837, where the name appears as "Ta-ne-congais, the Sea Gull."

T'ene´pi´abi--"Hummingbird;" a Kiowa warrior and Florida prisoner in 1875, still living. The ordinary word for hummingbird is _mansa-t'ene´_, "thumbbird."

T'ene´-tai´de--"Bird-chief," from _t'ene´_ and _-taide_; a Kiowa warrior, still living; also called _Pa´to´_, a word of unknown meaning.

T'ene´-ze´pte--"Bird-bow" (?) from _t'ene´_, _zepko_, and _te_; a Kiowa warrior shot by Sun-boy in 1872. The name might possibly mean "Bird-teat."

Te´n-pi´äk`ia--"Heart-eater," from _ten_, _piä_, and _k`ia_; a noted Kiowa warrior and medicine-man, rival of Anso´`te and father of Se´t-t'a´n, and accidentally killed in 1853. He took his name from the fact that his "medicine" was to eat a small piece of an enemy's heart every time he killed one. The same thing was done by several other Kiowa warriors under certain circumstances, the only approach to cannibalism in the tribe. A man now living is called _Te´npi´äte_, "Heart-eater," from _ten_, _piä_, and _te_.

tep--the root of a verb signifying "to come out," "to migrate." Cf. _toñtep_, _Te´pdă´_, _Tepgañ p'a_.

Te´pdă´--Kiowa; see Kiowa synonymy.

t'epga--meat from the calf of the leg of the buffalo, etc; in composition, _t'ep_.

Te´pgañ P'a--"Goose-migrating moon," from _gañ_, _tep_, and _p'a_; a Kiowa moon or month, including parts of November and December; also called _Bonpä P'a_, "Sweat-house moon."

Tepk`i´ägo--Kiowa; see Kiowa synonymy.

TEP-PE-NAVON--see _Tĭ´pinävo´n_.

_Tha`ka´-hinĕ´na_ (Arapaho), or Tha`ka´-itä´n--the Kiowa-Apache; see Kiowa Apache synonymy.

TIL-LA-KA--see _Tĭ´l-`lakai´_.

_Tĭ´l-`lakai´_ (Apache)--"White-horn;" an Apache signer of the treaty of 1867, upon which his name appears as "Til-la-ka, White Horn."

_Tĭ´p ho´novĭt_ (Comanche)--see _Tso p'a_ (2).

_Ti´pinävo´n_ (Comanche)--a Comanche signer of the treaty of 1867, upon which the name appears as "Tep-pe-navon, Painted Lips."

TIR-HA-YAH-GUAHIP--see _Tä´yăkwoip_.

t'o--cold, in composition, from _gyät'o´_.

to´de--taken back, or returned, after receiving (as result of a quarrel or remorse).

to´gya--after, past; _gi´ña-to´gya_, after midnight.

t'o´gyä--coat, shirt.

TOHAINT--see _Dohe´ñte_.

TOHASAN--see _Doha´sän_.

TO-HO-SA--see _Doha´sän_.

to´i--a curve.

t'o´idă´--uncommon, accidental, abnormal; as a pinto horse, a six-fingered hand, etc.

t'o´igu´ăt--pinto, variegated in color, especially a horse, from _t'o´idă´_ and _guătgya_.

T'o´-k`i´ñähyup--"Cold Men," i. e., men of the cold or northern country, from _gyät'o´_ and _k`i´ñähi_; one of two former local divisions of the Kiowa, including those who ranged chiefly on Arkansas river and the Kansas frontier. Cf. _Gwa´hale´go_ and _T'o´-t'a`ka´-i_.

Tome´te--the Kiowa name of an early trader who located a trading post about 1837 a short distance south of Fort Sill, on the spot afterward occupied by William Madison (_Se´npo-ze´dalbe_, q. v.). The Kiowa form is a derivative from his proper name (Thomas?).

ton--tail.

toñ--water; also leg in composition, from _to´ñti_.

TON-A-EN-KO--see _T'ene´-ango´pte_.

To´n-ak`a´--"Water-turtle," literally "notched tail;" a noted Kiowa medicine-man in 1884-85. Cf. _k`a´nkiñ_.

To´ñ-bi´ăndä´ta--"boiling water;" Colorado Springs, Colorado.

To´ñ-dahä´--"medicine, i. e., mysterious, water;" a natural rock well, large and deep, near the head of Scout creek, in the Texas panhandle. It is so called probably from a tradition of some water spirit or monster dwelling there. Cf. _To´ñ-dahyä´_.

To´ñ-dahyä´--"medicine water, mysterious water;" a lake somewhere in the mountains of the far north, near which the Kiowa Apache locate one of their most noted wonder stories. The name seems to be an archaic form for _To´ñ-dahä´_, q. v.

toñgu´ayo--sitting with legs crossed and extended; I sit _so, ätoñgu´ayo-ä´ngya_, from _toñti_, _gu´ayo_, legs crossed and extended, and _ä´ngya_.

Toñhe´ñ p'a--"waterless, i. e., dry, creek;" Sand creek, Colorado, a northern tributary of Arkansas river, and the scene of the Chivington massacre.

Toñhe´ñ-t'a`ka´-i, or Toñhe´ñ-t'a`ka´a'-i-do´mbe--waterless Mexican (country); the people and region of Chihuahua and upper Coahuila, Mexico.

Toñhyo´pdă´--the "Pipe-bearer," or officer who marched at the head of the young warriors on an expedition; he did not necessarily carry a pipe. Etymology doubtful.

To´ñko´ñ--"black water;" a pond on the edge of the Staked plain, about three days' journey westward from Double mountain, in Texas; perhaps Agua Negra, just inside the Texas line, about 34°.

To´ñko´ñ p'a--"black-water creek;" a southern tributary of the Washita, about five miles below the Custer battle-field (_Doä´dal-ko´ñkya-eho´taldee_), in F county, Oklahoma.

Toñko´ñko--"Black legs," from _toñti_, _ko´ñkya_, and _ko_; singular, _Toñko´ñ-gyäk`i´a_. (1) The Blackfoot Indians. (2) One of the six Kiowa military orders, the Raven, Raven Soldiers, or Black Leggings of Clark (see page 229).

To´ñpeto--"Afraid-of-water," from _toñ_ and _gyä`pe´to_; the Kiowa rendering of the name of the Comanche chief _Päre´iyä_, who made the final peace between the two tribes.

toñp'o´dal--lame, from _to´ñti_ and _p'o´daltă_; I am lame, _äto´ñp'o´daltă_.

Toñp'o´dal-kyä`to´--"Lame-old-man;" a Kiowa war chief in 1832.

To´ñsâhe´ p'a--"blue (or green) water river;" Colorado river of Texas. It is called "blue water" or "blue river" by the Comanche also.

To´ñteb-e´dal p'a--"big-spring creek;" probably Giraud creek of Red fork of Colorado river, Texas; described as southward from Double mountain, near the emigrant road. There is a town named Big Spring on Giraud creek.

to´ñtep--a spring, from _toñ_ and _tep_; commonly abbreviated to _toñ_ in geographic names.

To´ñtep p'a--"spring creek;" Fontaine qui Bouille creek, Colorado,

to´ñti--leg; in composition, _toñ_.

Toñtsĭ´mgyä p'a--"crooked-water creek," from _toñ_ and _tsĭ´mgyä_; Crooked creek, in the Cherokee strip, Oklahoma.

to´ñzo´--current (of a stream); _toñzo´lya_, the water is flowing.

To´ñzo`go´dal p'a--"strong current (i. e., swift water) river," from _to´ñzo´_, _got_, plural _go´dal_, and _p'a_; apparently a head branch of Pease river, Texas, and described as midway between Red river and the Staked plain, where they are one day's journey apart. Also called _Päbo p'a_, "American-horse river," from a fight there in which the Kiowa took from the Texans a number of American horses, the largest they had ever seen (see Winter 1841-42).

Tooc-a-nie Kiowa--(for Tawa´koni, a subtribe of the Wichita.) During the outbreak of 1874-75 "a band of Tooc-a-nie Kiowa (part Wichita and part Kiowa) who had been for several years with the Wichita and Waco, went to the Kiowa of the Kiowa agency" (Agent T. S. Free, page 289, Indian Report, 1875).

to´pde--before (in time).

TO-SA-IN or TO-SHE-WI--see _Tă´săwi_.

T'o´-t'a`ka´-i, T'o´-t'a`ka´-i-dombe--Americans and the United States, as distinguished from Mexicans and Texans and their country; literally, "cold white-man country," i. e., "northern white-man country," and hence "cold, i. e., northern, white men," from _gyät'o´_, _t'a`ka´-i_, and _dombe_. Cf. _T'o-k`i´ñähyup_ and _Tehä´neko_.

-tsä--a feminine suffix, as _kyai´`guan_, deer, _kyai´`guantsä´_, doe. Cf. _-mä_ under _mä´nyi´_.

tsä´--comrade, partner.

tsä´dal--goose; also _gañ_.

Tsä´dal-t'a´iñ--"White-goose," i. e., Swan; a hostile Kiowa chief in 1874.

Tsâli--"Charley," the Kiowa name of the trader Charles W. Whitacre (or Whittaker). He is mentioned as present at the treaty of 1867, and later had a trading house on the north bank of the Washita, opposite Anadarko, just above the present Wichita school. He accidentally shot himself in 1882.

Tsâli Esän--"Little Charley" (plural form); Charles Rath, of the trading firm of Rath, Wright & Reynolds, formerly at Fort Sill.

tsän--he came, they came; sometimes used for return; cf. _ää´_.

tsä´nkia--a (horse) race.

Tsä´nkia-ki´adă--see _Tso´lai´_.

tsä´ñyi--see _polä´ñyi_.

Tsä´ñyui--see _Polä´ñyup_.

Tsä´pi´ä p'a--"prairie-dog-eating river," from _tsäto_, _piä_, and _p'a_; a large western tributary of Rainy-mountain creek, on the reservation. So called because about twenty-five years ago, while the Kiowa were camped there, a rain drowned out a large number of prairie dogs and the Indians killed and ate them.

tsä´to--prairie-dog; in composition, sometimes _tsä_; singular and plural alike.

Tsä´to-yä´daldä--"Prairie-dog mountain;" a prominent mountain or bluff 20 miles west of Vernon, Texas, between Pease river and Red river.

Tsä´to-yä´daldä pe p'a--"prairie-dog mountain sand river;" Pease river, an upper branch of Red river, in Texas (see the preceding).

_Tsa´yadi´tlti_ (Apache)--see _T'a`ka´-i-tai´de_.

tse´--short; I am short, _äko´ntse´_; he is short, _o´ite kontse´_. Cf. _etse´_, thick.

tse´dal(-te)--situated, situated upon.

tsen--mud, clay. Cf. _tseñ_.

Tsen p'a--"mud creek." (1) The lower part of Sugar creek, alias East fork of Rainy-mountain creek, on the reservation. Cf. _Tsodo´m p'a and Se´pyä´daldä p'a_. Another authority says it is lower Rainy-mountain creek, below the junction of the two main forks. (2) Little Wichita river (at Henrietta), Texas.

tseñ--horse, plural _tseñko_; old names are _tai´de_ and _gu´ăpedal_. A wild horse is called _t'a´-tse´ñ_, "antelope horse" (see also _päbo_). Cf. _tsen_.

Tse´ñ-â´dalka´-i--see _T'äñpe´ko_.

tseñhi--dog, plural _tse´ñhyup_; in consequence of a death, the word _tse´guan_, properly "travois," was substituted about five years ago.

tsenka´n--a burn; I burn it, _ätse´na´nmo_.

tseñko--horses, plural of _tseñ_, q. v.

Tse´ñ-ko´ñkya--"Black-horse," a noted Kiowa warrior killed by the Sauk in 1854.

Tse´ñ-t'ai´ñte--"White-horse;" a noted Kiowa raider, who died in 1892.

Tseñtän p'a--see _Ä´do-ee´tä-de p'a_.

Tseñtä´nmo--"Horse-headdress people" (?) from _tseñ_ and _tän_; singular, _Tse´ñtänk`i´a_. One of the six Kiowa military orders, the Feather Head band of Clark (see page 229, _ante_).

-tse´yu--a suffix denoting a pet or domesticated animal, or the young of an animal; also _tseyi_, plural _tse´yu´i_; _t'ene´-tse´yu_, chicken; _setse´yu_ (_set-tseyu_), hog; _Gu´ădal-tseyu_, "Red Pet," or "Little Red."

tsĭ´mgyä--crooked.

tso--rock, stone.

Tso p'a--"rock river." (1) The Purgatoire or Las Animas river, a south tributary of the Arkansas, in Colorado. (2) San Saba river, Texas; called also _Tĭp ho´novĭt_, "rock river," by the Comanche.

Tso´ai´--"tree rock," i.e., monument, from _tso_ and _ä_. (1) The Mato-tipi or Bear-lodge of the Dakota, also known as the Devil's Tower, near Sundance, Wyoming; the Kiowa have a myth concerning it. (2) A monument-like rock, somewhere on the Salt fork of Arkansas river.

tso´dal--wing, and figuratively, arm (applied only to the upper arm).

Tso´dalhe´ñte--"No-arm," from _tso´dal_, _heñ_, and _te_; William Allison, who built and kept a trading post on the Arkansas, just below the junction of Upper Walnut creek, for fifteen years or more, about 1850 to 1865. Fort Zarah was a short distance above, on the north bank of Walnut creek. He was so called from having had his left arm shot off in a quarrel. Sometimes also called _Mânhe´ñk`ia_, conveying the same meaning, from _mândă_, _heñ_, and _k`ia_.

Tsodalhe´ñ-de p'a--"No-arm's river;" Upper Walnut creek, a northern tributary of Arkansas river in Kansas (see _Tsodalhe´ñte_),

Tsodalhe´ñ-de P'a´gya-Yä´`pähe´-k`u´dal-de´e--"place where (_de´e_) soldiers (_yä´`pähe´_) stay (_k`u´dal_) at (_-gya_) No-arm's river" (_Tsodalhe´ñ-de p'a_); Fort Zarah, Kansas, formerly on the left (north) bank of Upper Walnut creek, 2 miles above its junction with the Arkansas. Just below it was Allison's trading post.

tso´dal-tem--"wing bone," from _tso´dal_ and _tem_; a whistle made from the wing bone of an eagle, and used in the Sun dance and the peyote ceremony.

Tso-do´i-gyätä´dă´-de´e--"rock house (i. e., cave) in which they were surrounded," from _tso_, _do´_, _gyätä´dă_, and _de´e_; the Hueco Tanks, in western Texas, just south of the New Mexico line (see Summer 1857).

tsodo´m--a stone mortar, from _tso_ and _dom_.

Tsodo´m p'a--"stone-mortar creek;" Sugar creek, the eastern fork of Rainy-mountain creek. Cf. _Tsen p'a_ and _Se´pyä´daldä p'a_.

Tso´-gyäze´mä--"moving stones;" a lake or water hole on the Staked plain, in Texas, so called because, according to the Indians, the stones there shift about. They do not add _toñ_ or _setso´_. Perhaps Laguna Sabinas.

tso´`ka--rock bluff precipice, from _tso_. Cf. _Tso´`kaka´n_, _Tso´`kada´hä´_, also _do´ha´_.

Tso´`kada´hä´ (or _Tso´`kada´hä´go_)--"medicine bluff," from tso´`ka and da´hä; Medicine bluff, a noted precipice on the south side of Medicine-bluff creek, about 3 miles west of Fort Sill, on the reservation. It is figured in Marcy's report.

Tso´`kada´hä p'a--"medicine-bluff creek;" Medicine-bluff creek, or Bluff creek, joining Cache creek near Fort Sill.

Tso´`kada´hä´gya (-Yä´`pähe´-k`u´dal-de´e--Fort Sill, on the reservation. The full name signifies "where the soldiers stay at Medicine bluff," but as the place is so well known it is commonly abbreviated to _Tso´`kada´hä´gya,_ "At Medicine bluff."