Chapter III: Part 3

The letter _h_ standing by the figures signifies _half-hunt_, that is, the motion of the _half-hunt_ in that change; and likewise _q_ the _quarter-hunt_. Here are the first _sixscore_ changes of a _seven hundred and twenty_; wherein ’tis observable, that all the changes at _h_ and _q_ being set down by themselves in the same successive order as they were made, that is, the 1 to be excluded, and the changes on the other five figures to be set down directly under one another, and the _extream_ change at last, it will thereby appear, that the five figures have made twenty changes of a _sixscore_, according to the method of the example on five bells, _page 63._ with this only difference, these are made on 23456, and those were made on 12345; but the five figures of each have both alike course, the _2d_ and _3d_ going the same course in this, as the _treble_ and _2d_ did in that. Now whereas the _sixscore_ changes here prickt down are a sixth part of the _seven hundred_ and _twenty_, so likewise are the _twenty changes_, here made by 23456, a sixth part of the _sixscore_: and then consequently, the _seven hundred_ and _twenty_ changes being all prickt, the _sixscore_ changes on 23456 would plainly appear therein, in the same manner as twenty of them appear in this _sixscore_. Therefore more need not be said of the method of the 720, since the method of the _sixscore_ changes on five bells being well understood, will be a sure and certain guide to the Learner: only this one thing farther; in ringing of this peal with any _hunts_, the second _extream_ change being made between the two bells which made the first _extream_, will always bring the bells round at the end of the _twelvescore_. But after _twelvescore_ are made, they cannot in course be brought round until the end of the 720.

│_123456_│ │ │ │ │ │
│ 213456 │ │ 435612 │ │ 214536 │ │ 456312
│ 231456 │ │ 435162 │ │ 241536 │ │ 456132
│ 234156 │ │ 431562 │ │ 245136 │ │ 451632
│ 234516 │ │ 413562 │ │ 245316 │ │ 415632
│ 234561 │ │ 143562 │ │ 245361 │ │ 145632
_h_│ 324561 │_h_│ 143526 │_h_│ 425361 │_h_│ 145623
│ 324516 │ │ 413526 │ │ 425316 │ │ 415623
│ 324156 │ │ 431526 │ │ 425136 │ │ 451623
│ 321456 │ │ 435126 │ │ 421536 │ │ 456123
│ 312456 │ │ 435216 │ │ 412536 │ │ 456213
│ 132456 │ │ 435261 │ │ 142536 │ │ 456231
_h_│ 134256 │_h_│ 432561 │_h_│ 145236 │_h_│ 452631
│ 314256 │ │ 432516 │ │ 415236 │ │ 452613
│ 341256 │ │ 432156 │ │ 451236 │ │ 452163
│ 342156 │ │ 431256 │ │ 452136 │ │ 451263
│ 342516 │ │ 413256 │ │ 452316 │ │ 415263
│ 342561 │ │ 143256 │ │ 452361 │ │ 145263
_h_│ 345261 │_h_│ 142356 │_h_│ 453261 │_h_│ 142563
│ 345216 │ │ 412356 │ │ 453216 │ │ 412563
│ 345126 │ │ 421356 │ │ 453126 │ │ 421563
│ 341526 │ │ 423156 │ │ 451326 │ │ 425163
│ 314526 │ │ 423516 │ │ 415326 │ │ 425613
│ 134526 │ │ 423561 │ │ 145326 │ │ 425631
_h_│ 134562 │_h_│ 243561 │_h_│ 145362 │_h_│ 245631
│ 314562 │ │ 243516 │ │ 415362 │ │ 245613
│ 341562 │ │ 243156 │ │ 451362 │ │ 245163
│ 345162 │ │ 241356 │ │ 453162 │ │ 241563
│ 345612 │ │ 214356 │ │ 453612 │ │ 214563
│ 345621 │ │ 124356 │ │ 453621 │ │ 124563
_q_│ 435621 │_q_│ 124536 │_q_│ 456321 │ │ Extre.
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ 125463

The 720 changes may be rung one thousand nine hundred and twenty several ways, which is thus demonstrable. There are six times five figures to be produced out of six, and not twice five the same: as 12345. 12346. 12356. 12456. 13456. 23456. and with each five the _sixscore_ changes may be prickt one hundred and sixty ways, as before I have shewed on five bells. Now to each five add the sixth figure which is wanting, as to 12345 add 6, to 12346 add 5, to 12456 add 3, to 13456 add 2, and to 23456 add 1. And the sixth figure which is added, being hunted through all the several _sixscores_ which the other five figures make; for instance, the 6 through the 160 several _sixscores_ which 12345 make, and the 5 also through the 160 several _sixscores_, which 12346 make, and the like of the rest; will produce as many _seven hundred_ and _twenties_ as there are _sixscores_, that is, six times one hundred and sixty, which amounts to nine hundred and sixty. Then the note that hunts through the other five, may hunt two ways through each _sixscore_, that is, up and down, which will double the former number, and make nineteen hundred and twenty in the whole.

]

AN INTRODUCTION
to the Knowledge of
_CROSSE PEALS_.

These Peals are term’d _cross_ in respect of their intricate methods; wherein several notes moving at one and the same time, do thwart or _cross_ each other in their course and motion, some moving up, others at the same time down, gives this Denomination to the Peals. The end of pricking them is to make the compleat number of changes by a method differing from that of other Peals. For although five can be varied but 120 ways, and six but 720 _&c._ yet the methods by which they are varied, are differing, according to the several fancies of the Artist. And as order and method are the only _basis_ on which this Art is founded; so the skilful Artists, the better to effect the aforesaid end, have thought fit in most peals to appoint one note to be as it were a Helm or Rudder, by which the course of the peal is steered; which note is term’d a _Hunt_, and hath one constant uniform motion throughout the peal, differing from that of the other notes. The manner of its motion is continually through the other notes, that is, from leading to strike behind, and from thence again to lead, which motion, first up and then down, is term’d one compleat Course. Some peals upon five bells, as _old Doubles_, _&c._ consist of single Courses; there being ten changes in every single Course, and twelve of those Courses in the peal. Other peals upon five bells, as _London Paradox_, _&c._ consist of double Courses; there being twenty changes in every double Course, and six of those Courses in the peal. Upon six bells there are also single and double Courses, _viz._ twelve changes in every single Course, as in _Grandsire Bob_ _&c._ and twenty four changes in every double Course, as in _Colledg Bob_, _&c._ the change wherein the _Hunt_ leaves leading being the first change of every Course. Now the methods of these peals being well considered, they will be found more easie than at the first view they may seem to be; for the first Course of any Cross Peal being judiciously viewed, the general method of the whole peal will thereby appear: for all the Courses in a Cross peal do agree in these three respects. First, in the motion of the _Hunt_; secondly, in the motion of the rest of the notes; thirdly, in the making of the changes, which will plainly appear in the following peals, (some few changes in each peal only excepted, as hereafter I shall shew in my Directions to the several peals:) for proof of which I will give an instance in the peal of new Doubles upon five bells, these being the three first Courses of the peal. Wherein ’tis observable, that the last change of the first Course which is 13524, I have set down again at the top of the second Course; and likewise the last change of the second Course which is 15432, I have also put at the top of the third course; which I have done for the plainer Demonstration of what I here intend. So that the ten lowermost changes are the ten changes of each Course.

First │ 2d │ 3d
Course│Course│Course
│ │
12345 │13524 │15432
──────┼──────┼──────
21354 │31542 │51423
23145 │35124 │54132
32415 │53214 │45312
23451 │35241 │54321
32541 │53421 │45231
23514 │35412 │54213
32154 │53142 │45123
31245 │51324 │41532
13254 │15342 │14523
13524 │15432 │14253

First therefore, as to the motion of the _hunt_, the 1 which is the _hunt_ moves directly up behind, where it lieth twice, and then down again to lead, where it lieth also twice; as appears in each of these three Courses, and the like also throughout the peal.

Secondly, as the _2d_, _3d_, _4th_, and _5th_ bells move through the first Course, so the bells that lie in the _2d_, _3d_, _4th_, and _5th_ places in the last change of every course, moves in the same manner also through the next following course. For instance; first, for the bell in the _2d_ place: in the first course the _2d_ bell moves down to lead, where it lieth twice, and then dodges untill the _treble_ comes down to it. So likewise in the second course, the _3d_ bell lying in the _2d_ place moves down to lead, where it lies twice, and then dodges until _treble_ comes down to it; and also in the third course, the _5th_ bell lying in the _2d_ place, moves down to lead where it lieth twice, and dodgeth until the _treble_ moves down to it. Secondly, for the bell in the _3d_ place. In the first course the _3d_ bell moves down to lead, and there dodgeth untill the _treble_ comes down to it: so likewise in the second course the _5th_ bell lying in the _3d_ place moves down to lead, and there dodgeth untill the _treble_ comes down to it: and also in the _3d_ course the _4th_ bell lying in the _3d_ place moves down to lead, and there dodgeth until the _treble_ comes down to it. Thirdly, for the bell in the fourth place: In the first course, the fourth bell moves up behind, then down into the _3d_ place where it lieth twice, then up again behind; so likewise in the second course, the _2d_ bell lying in the _4th_ place moves up behind, then down into the _3d_ place where it lieth twice, then up again behind; and also in the third course the _3d_ bell lying in the _4th_ place, moves therefore up behind, then down into the _3d_ place where it lieth twice, then up again behind. And such uniform motion also hath the bell in the _5th_ place through every course.

Thirdly, that the changes in all the courses of the peal are made alike, will here also plainly appear in the three courses. For the first change of every course is made on the two first and two last bells; the second change of every course is made on the four last; the third is made on the four first; the fourth on the two first and two last; the fifth on the four first; the sixth on the two first and two last; the seventh on the four first; the eighth on the four last; the ninth on the two first and two last; and the tenth single.

And thus in every Cross-peal the Courses do all agree, first in the motion of the Hunt, secondly in the motion of the rest of the notes, and thirdly in the making of the changes, as before I have showed. So that these three things being well observed, will be very helpful both in pricking and ringing them; the first and third being most proper to direct the pricking of them, and the first and second the ringing of them. Therefore if the Practitioner do but observe how the changes are made in the first course of a peal, wherein he must have particular regard to the motion of the Hunt, (with a little further help from the following directions to each peal, as to the making of _Extreams_ and Bob-changes) he may easily prick down all the following Courses of the same peals and therefore in the following peals I have onely prickt down two or three of the first courses for an example, and then have abridged the rest of the peal by setting down only the changes that are made at the leadings of the Hunt. But note, there are some few _Cambridg_-peals upon five bells, wherein all the courses of each peal do not agree in the aforesaid three respects: For although as to the motion of the _whole-hunt_ they do, yet in the motion of the rest of the notes, and consequently in the making of the changes they do not.

It being very difficult to begin the following peals with cross _hunts_, that is, to make the _2d_, _3d_, _4th_ _&c._ whole-hunts, I will therefore set down a general rule for making the first changes at the beginning of each Peal, wherein consists the great difficulty. In any Cross-peal the _whole-hunt_ may move either up or down at the beginning; and the motion of the _whole-hunt_ in the first course of each of the following peals will direct the first motion of any cross _hunt_, and consequently of making the first changes in that peal. For Example, admit the _4th_ were made the _whole-hunt_ in the peal called _Old doubles and singles_ upon five bells, and to _hunt_ up at first: now to know how to make the first changes, observe how the change is made wherein the treble (which is there the _whole-hunt_) moves up out of the _4th_ place, and in the same manner must the change be made wherein the _4th_ bell also moves up out of that place: therefore as the change wherein the treble moves up out of the _4th_ place is a _single_ behind; so likewise must the change wherein the _4th_ bell moves up out of that place, be also a _single_ behind thus, 12354: and then as the next change wherein the treble lieth still behind is double of the four first bells; so likewise the next change wherein the _4th_ bell lieth still behind, must also be made on the four first, thus, 21534, _&c._ Or admit the _4th_ were to hunt down at the beginning, then observe how the change is made wherein the treble hunts down out of the _4th_ place, and so in like manner must the change be made wherein the _4th_ hunts also down out of that place: therefore as the change wherein the treble hunts down out of the _4th_ place, is double of the four first bells; so likewise must the change wherein the _4th_ bell hunts down out of that place, be also double of the four first thus, 21435; then as the _treble_ makes a _single_ when it moves down out of the _3d_ place, so likewise must the _4th_ next make a single change in moving down out of the _3d_ place thus 24135, _&c._ which observations will guide the making of the first changes in any cross peal with any Hunts; but observe whensoever the first change of any peal happens to be single, it must be made at the back-stroke to prevent cutting compass; and the like when a double change happens first in a peal of Triples and Doubles. And moreover by the way observe, that all the following peals are so prickt, that in ringing them at half-pulls, if the first change of each peal is made at the fore-stroke, the single changes in each peal will always be made at the back-stroke; and also the double changes in Triples and Doubles, excepting some few Single in two or three peals. But when it happens that the first change of a peal is made at the back-stroke, then consequently the bells at the end of the peal will come round at a fore-stroke change.

In such peals on five bells where _singles_ are made in the _3d_ and _4th_ places at the leadings of the _whole-hunt_, the _extreams_ may there be made three ways in each peal; _viz._ every time the _half-hunt_ lieth next to the _whole-hunt_; secondly, every time it lieth behind; thirdly, every time the _half-hunt_ lieth next the _whole-hunt_, and also behind: in this last way there are six _extreams_ in each peal, but in other ways only three in each; the _extreams_ being always made when the _whole-hunt_ leads, and betwixt the two farthest _extream_ bells from the _half-hunt_.

In such peals upon five bells wherein there are three _extreams_, and made in the _3d_ and _4th_ places at the leadings of the _whole-hunt_; the rest of the _singles_ at the leadings of the _whole-hunt_ may be made two ways in each peal, _viz._ either in the _2d_ and _3d_, or the _4th_ and _5th_ places; if they are made in the _2d_ and _3d_, then the _extreams_ must be made when the _half-hunt_ lyeth behind; but if the _singles_ are made behind, then the _extreams_ must be made when the _half-hunt_ lieth next the _whole-hunt_, the _extreams_ being always made between the two next _extream_ bells to the _half-hunt_.

In all the following peals the figures standing by themselves at the title of the peal, are the _hunts_ in the peal there prickt: for instance, in the first _cross-peal_ upon five bells call’d _Old doubles and singles_, the two figures standing thus _1 and 2_, are the _hunts_ in that peal; 1 is the _whole-hunt_, 2 the _half-hunt_, and the like of the rest.

All peals of _doubles_ upon five bells, which go sixty changes compleat without any _single_, by making of two _extreams_ they will go 120. And also all peals of _doubles_ upon six bells, and _triples_ and _doubles_ upon six, which go 360 changes without any _single_ or _extreme_, by making of two _extreams_ they will go 720. The _extreams_ in all these compleat peals proceeding from one and the same cause, are therefore to be made after one manner, according to this general and infallible rule: Wheresoever any two of the _extream_ bells are in course to make a change, those two bells by lying still will effectually make the _extream_. So that the making of the _extream_ in _doubles_ upon five bells, necessitates the making of a _single change_ at the same time, by reason that the two _extream_ bells which should contribute to the making of the _double_ change, do lie still; so that the _single_ change is accidental, and very improperly called the _extream_. When the _extreams_ in _triples_ and _doubles_ upon six bells are made at _double_ changes, then there happens two _singles_ in the peal; but when they are made at _triple_ changes, then those two changes will become _double_, and consequently the 720 will then go compleat without any _single_. Upon five bells the first _extream_ must be made within sixty changes from the beginning, and the second _extream_ just sixty changes from the first. Upon six bells the first _extream_ must be made within 360 changes from the beginning, and the second _extream_ just 360 changes from the first. The easiest way in practice, is to make the _extremes_ at the leadings of the _whole-hunt_; wherein it may be observed as a general rule, That in all peals upon six bells, where the _half-hunt_ dodgeth behind at the _bobs_, there the first _extream_ may be made either the first, second, or third time: the _half_ and _quarter-hunts_ dodg together behind, and then the second _extream_ must be made the third time those two bells dodg again together behind, after the first _extream_ is made. And also in all such peals upon six bells, where the _doubles_ at the leadings of the _whole-hunt_ are made on the four middle bells, there the first _extream_ may be made either the first, second, or third time the _half_ and _quarter-hunts_ do make a change in the _2d_ and _3d_ places, and then the _2d_ _extream_ must be made the third time those two bells come there again to make a change after the first _extream_ is made. The _singles_ at all these _extreams_ must be made by the _half_ and _quarter-hunt_. The first _extream_ in any peal may also be made at any place, where two of the _extream_ bells are in course to made a change according to the preceding general rule; and then the making of the second _extream_ may be guided by observations taken from the changes at the leadings of the _whole-hunt_: for at the leadings of the _whole-hunt_ the _half_ and _quarter-hunts_ always come together to make a change in one place, just at 120 changes distance from one another throughout each peal. Now as the second _extream_ must be made just 360 changes from the first, so the making of it may thus be guided: Look how many changes, or else how many leadings of the _whole-hunt_ the first _extream_ is made after the _half_ and _quarter-hunts_ have made a change together, so many changes or leadings of the _whole-hunt_ must the second _extream_ be made, after the third following time that those two bells do made a change in the same place again. And likewise in all peals, where there are single and double _bobs_, the same observations will also hold good, in making the _extreams_ either after the single or double _bobs_ as before; there being likewise 120 changes distance between the single _bobs_ and also between the double _bobs_: so that if the first _extream_ is made at a single _bob_, the second must then be made at the third following single _bob_, and the like also at double _bobs_. And such kind of observations, according to the nature of the peal, will guide the making of the second _extream_ in any peal, either upon five or six bells. Wherein ’tis observable, that the second _extream_ must always be made by the same two bells, and in the same place where the first was made, which two bells will in course lie apt for that purpose; and the rest of the bells will also in course lie in the same places at the second _extream_ where they lay at the first. After the making of the first _extream_, the method of the peal goeth on as if no _extream_ had been made; and also after the making of the second _extream_ if any remaineth, it also goes on, until in course the bells come round.

In all compleat peals of _doubles_ upon six bells there may also moveable _extreams_ be made, which are made according to this rule; wheresoever any two of the _extream_ bells are together, and in course to lie still, those two bells by making a change will thereby make the _extream_, which is as effectual as the fixed _extream_, the reason and ground of both being one and the same. There are also two of these _extreams_ in the peal, and the second always made 360 changes from the first, and the making of it guided by such kind of observations as before. When moveable _extreams_ are made, then there will be two triple changes in the 720; but when fixed _extreams_ are made, then two _singles_.

The art of _cross-pricking_ may receive a being from this consideration. As every compleat peal of plain changes upon one number comprehends the compleat peals on all lesser numbers; so likewise every compleat _cross-peal_ must of necessity do the like, although their cross course permits it not to be done so regularly and demonstrably as the former. From whence may be inferr’d, that every note in a _cross-peal_ must of necessity lie as many times in one place, as the rest of the notes are capable of making changes; and also that two or more of the notes must jointly lie in the same places as many times, as the remaining number are also capable of making changes: this being a certain touchstone to prove all _cross-peals_ after they are prickt, and must be held as a principle on which to ground such methods of pricking, that the course of all the notes may demonstrably tend to produce those effects. And from hence it is, that the whole _hunt_ immediately derives the manner of its uniform motion through the courses of each peal. And the changes in every course are as so many guides to conduct the rest of the notes in such sort, that they may be prepared to lie at the last change of the course in apt places for each succeeding course to receive them, and to perform the like. Now as the changes in all the courses of a peal are made alike, except as before; so in the composing of _cross-peals_, by pricking of one course may soon be discovered, whether or no a compleat Peal will from thence arise.

* * * * *

_Cross Peals._

_The Twenty four, Doubles and Singles on four Bells._

This peal consists equally of _double_ and _single_ changes; one change is _double_, the next _single_, and so throughout. 1 is here the _hunt_, and 2.3.4 _extream_ bells. Every _double_ change is made on the two first and two last bells, and every _single_ on the two middle bells, except when the 1 leads, and then behind which is call’d _extream_. All the bells have a direct Hunting course up and down until 1 leads, and then the bell in the second place lyeth still, whilst the two hind-bells make a dodg; which being made, all the bells proceed again in their Hunting course. The three changes of (_a.b.c_) are the three _extream_ changes.

_1234_
2143
2413
4231
4321
3412
3142
1324
_a_ 1342
3124
3214
2341
2431
4213
4123
1432
_b_ 1423
4132
4312
3421
3241
2314
2134
1243
_c_ 1234

There are three ways to make the _extream_ changes. First, every time the _hunt_ leads, as in the peal here prickt; secondly, every time it lies behind; thirdly, every time it leads and lies behind: in this last way there are six _extream_ changes in the peal, but in the other two ways, only three _extreams_; the _extream_ changes must always be made betwixt the two farthest bells from the _hunt_. Any bell may _hunt_ at pleasure, and it may move either up or down at the beginning of the peal. If the _1st_ or _3d_ do _hunt_ down, or the _2d_ or _4th_ up at the beginning, the first change must be _single_, and made of the back-stroke (if ’tis rung at half-pulls) to prevent cutting compass; but if either of those bells do _hunt_ the contrary way, then the first change must be double.

_Old Doubles and Singles. 1 and 2._

One change is _double_, the next _single_, and so by turns. The treble hath a direct hunting course, as in plain changes. Every _double_ change is on the four first bells, and the treble is one of the two bells that makes every _single_ change, except when it leads, and then the _single_ is in the _3d_ and _4th_ places; but when 2 lies next the treble, then the _single_ is behind, which is call’d _extream_. Every time the treble leaves leading, the two first bells continue slow dodging, until the treble comes down and displaceth them. And when the treble moves down out of the _5th_ place, the bell that comes into it lies still there, untill the treble comes thither again, except when the _extream_ change is made behind. Every bell lies twice together in the _3d_ and _4th_ places, except when the treble leads, and also when it hinders them in hunting.

_12345_ │ 51432 │ —————
21435 │ 15342 │ 12543
24135 │ 15432 │_Extre._
42315 │ ————— │ 12534
42351 │ 13254 │ —————
24531 │ 13524 │ 13425
24513 │ ————— │ 13245
42153 │ 12435 │ —————
41253 │_Extre._│ 14532
14523 │ 12453 │ 14352
14253 │ ————— │ —————
41523 │ 15324 │ 15243
45123 │ 15234 │ 15423
54213 │ ————— │ —————
54231 │ 13452 │ 12354
45321 │ 13542 │_Extre._
45312 │ 14235 │ 12345
54132 │ 14325 │

This old peal may be rung by a new course, which differs from the former only in the _single_ changes that are made every time the _whole-hunt_ leads, _viz._ every _single_ may be made either in the _2d_ and _3d_, or _4th_ and _5th_ places. If they are made in the _2d_ and _3d_, then the _extreams_ must be made when the _half-hunt_ lies behind; but if they are made in the _4th_ and _5th_ places, then the _extreams_ must be made when the _half-hunt_ lies next the _whole-hunt_, the _extreams_ being always made in the _3d_ and _4th_ places.

London _Paradox. 1 and 2._

One change is _double_, the next _single_, and so by turns. The motion of the treble is after this manner; in hunting up, first, it makes a dodg in the _2d_ and _3d_ places, then it lies twice in the _4th_ place, and four times behind; in which manner also it hunts down again, and then leads four times. The rest of the bells have a like course and motion with that of the treble, untill the treble leads. Now ’tis observable, that every _single_ change is made in the _2d_ and _3d_ places until the treble leads, and then in the _3d_ and _4th_ places; but when 2 lies next the treble, then an _extream_ behind. The changes at the leadings of the_whole-hunt_ have an absolute dependency upon the course of the _twenty four_ changes, _doubles_ and _singles_ upon four bells; and the _extreams_ to be made as many ways as in that peal, which are here guided by the motion of the _half-hunt_.

_12345_ │_Extre._
21435 │ 12453
24135 │ —————
21453 │ 14235
24153 │ 14325
42513 │ 13452
45213 │ 13542
42531 │ —————
45231 │ 15324
54321 │ 15234
53421 │ 12543
54312 │_Extre._
53412 │ 12534
35142 │ —————
31542 │ 15243
35124 │ 15423
31524 │ 14532
13254 │ 14352
13524 │ —————
15342 │ 13425
15432 │ 13245
————— │ 12354
14523 │_Extre._
14253 │ 12345
12435 │

_Phœnix 5 and 4._

One change is _double_, the next _single_, and so by turns. Every bell leads twice, and lies behind four times. Every _single_ is made in the _2d_ and _3d_ places, until the _5th_ comes behind, and then in the _3d_ and _4th_ places; but when the _4th_ leads, (the _5th_ being behind) the _single_ is in the _2d_ and _3d_ places.

_12345_│ 54123
21354 │ 51423
23154 │ 15432
32514 │ 14532
35214 │ 41352
53241 │ 43152
52341 │ 34125
25431 │ 34215
24531 │ 43125
42513 │ 41325
45213 │

London _pleasure. 1 and 2._

This peal in the former printing of it was prickt another way, but I have here transposed that Course, which in my opinion renders it more easie and practical.

_12345_│ 23154 │ 35142 │ 15432
21345 │ 21354 │ 35412 │ —————
23145 │ 12354 │ 35421 │ 14532
32145 │ 13254 │ 53421 │ 14523
31245 │ 13524 │ 53412 │ 14253
31425 │ 13542 │ 53142 │ 12453
34125 │ 31542 │ 51342 │ —————
34215 │ 31524 │ 15342 │ 12435
34251 │ 31254 │ 15324 │ 14235
32451 │ 32154 │ 15234 │ 14325
32415 │ 32514 │ 12534 │ 14352
23415 │ 32541 │ ————— │ —————
23451 │ 35241 │ 12543 │ 13452
23541 │ 35214 │ 15243 │ 13425
23514 │ 35124 │ 15423 │ 13245
│ │ │ 12345

_Mr._ Tendring’_s_ _Peal, call’d_ Grand Paradox. _1 and 5._

One change is _double_, the next _single_, and so by turns. The motion of the _whole-hunt_ is after this manner: first, it moves up into the _2d_ and _3d_ places, lying twice in each; then it moves up and makes a dodg behind, and then lieth still one change in the _5th_ place; then it makes another dodg behind, and so moves down into the _3d_ and _2d_ places lying twice in each as before, and then leads four times. Every other bell hath a like course and motion with that of the treble until the leadings of the treble, and then observe, that every time the treble goeth to lead and leaves leading, the _double_ change is made on the two first and two last bells, except when it goeth to lead if the _half-hunt_ lies next it, and then not. Every bell leads four times, and every _single_ is made behind. The change wherein each bell leaves leading, is always made on the four first bells, except as before.

_12345_│ 45321 │ 21534 │ 43152 │ 13524 │ 14523
21354 │ 45312 │ 25143 │ 43125 │ 13542 │ —————
21345 │ 54132 │ 25134 │ 41352 │ ————— │ 13254
23154 │ 54123 │ 52314 │ 41325 │ 12453 │ 13245
23145 │ 51432 │ 52341 │ 14352 │ 12435 │ 12354
32415 │ 51423 │ 53214 │ 14325 │ 14253 │ 12345
32451 │ 15243 │ 53241 │ 13452 │ 14235 │ —————
34215 │ 15234 │ 35421 │ 13425 │ ————— │
34251 │ 12543 │ 35412 │ ————— │ 15432 │
43521 │ 12534 │ 34521 │ 15324 │ 15423 │
43512 │ 21543 │ 34512 │ 15342 │ 14532 │

What you please, _Doubles and Singles._

Every bell leads four times, and lies behind twice, except when the _extream_ is made behind; and twice in the second place, except when the _extream_ is made before: and note, when the treble is before the fourth stroke, the _single_ is in the _2d_ and _3d_, the next time the _single_ is behind; but at other times the _single_ is in the _3d_ and _4th_ places. When any bell leaves leading the _double_ change is on the two first and two last, and the _extreams_ are made by turns, first behind, then before, and so on to the end, for there are six _extreams_.

_12345_ │ 34521 │ 21435 │ 45231 │ 14352 │ 14235
21354 │ 34251 │ 21345 │ 54213 │ 14532 │ 14325
21534 │ 43215 │ 23154 │ 54123 │ 15423 │ 13452
25143 │ 43125 │ 23514 │ 51432 │_extre._│_extre._
25413 │ 41352 │ 32541 │ 51342 │ 15432 │ 13425
52431 │ 41532 │ 32451 │ 15324 │ ————— │ —————
52341 │ 14523 │ 34215 │ 15234 │ 13254 │ 12534
53214 │ 14253 │ 34125 │ 12543 │ 13524 │ 12354
53124 │ 12435 │ 43152 │_extre._│ 15342 │ 13245
35142 │_extre._│ 43512 │ 15243 │_extre._│_extre._
35412 │ 12453 │ 45321 │ ————— │ 13542 │ 12345
│ │ │ │ ————— │

_Old Doubles.
1 and 2._

The changes are all _double_, except one _single_ every time the treble leads. The treble hath a perfect hunting course as in plain changes, and every other bell hath a like hunting course with that of the treble until the treble leads, and then a _single_ is made in the _3d_ and _4th_ places; but when the 2 lies next the treble, the _single_ is behind which is call’d _extream_.

_12345_ │ 13254 │ 51432 │ 12453 │ 15234 │ 14532
21435 │ 13524 │ 15342 │ ————— │ ————— │ 14352
24153 │ 31254 │ 15432 │ 14235 │ 12543 │ —————
42513 │ 32145 │ ————— │ 14325 │_extre._│ 13425
45231 │ 23415 │ 14523 │ ————— │ 12534 │ 13245
54321 │ 24351 │ 14253 │ 13452 │ ————— │ —————
53412 │ 42531 │ ————— │ 13542 │ 15243 │ 12354
35142 │ 45213 │ 12435 │ ————— │ 15423 │_extre._
31524 │ 54123 │_extre._│ 15324 │ ————— │ 12345

_New Doubles.
1 and 2._

The changes are all _double_, except one _single_ at every leading of the treble. The treble hath a perfect hunting course as in plain changes; and when it moves up from leading, the two first bells dodg untill it comes down again and displaceth them. Every bell that comes into the _3d_ place lies there twice, and then moves up behind; but the bell which lies there when the treble leaves leading, moves down. Every bell lies twice behind, except at the changes wherein the treble goeth to lead and leaves leading. Every time the treble leads, a _single_ change is then made in the _3d_ and _4th_ places; but when the 2 lies next the treble, an _extream_ behind.

_12345_ │ 13254 │ 51324 │ 12453 │ ————— │ 14352
21354 │ 13524 │ 15342 │ ————— │ 12543 │ —————
23145 │ 31542 │ 15432 │ 14235 │_extre._│ 13425
32415 │ 35124 │ ————— │ 14325 │ 12534 │ 13245
23451 │ 53214 │ 14523 │ ————— │ ————— │ —————
32541 │ 35241 │ 14253 │ 13452 │ 15243 │ 12354
23514 │ 53421 │ ————— │ 13542 │ 15423 │_extre._
32154 │ 35412 │ 12435 │ ————— │ ————— │ 12345
31245 │ 53142 │_extre._│ 15324 │ 14532 │
│ │ │ 15234 │ │

_Reding Doubles. 1 and 2._

The treble hath a direct hunting course as in plain changes, and when it moves up from leading the two first bells dodg until it comes down again and displaceth them; and whilst they dodg before, every bell that comes down into the _3d_ place lies there twice, and then moves up again behind. But after the dodging all the bells go a direct hunting course up and down, until the dodging again hindreth them as before. Every bell lies twice behind, except when the treble leaves leading if the _2d_ lies next it, and then the _double_ is made on the two first and two last bells; by which means the two hind-bells then make a dodg, which happens in course once in twenty changes, that is, every second time the treble leaves leading. By this method it will go sixty changes, and then an _extream_ must be made. The _extreams_ in this peal may be made according to the preceding general rule set down in the _Introduction_. Here the first _extream_ is made at the end of sixty changes, the bells lying 1 3 2; and when they come to lie so again, the second _extream_ must be made; the _extream_ is made behind, two of the _extream_ bells lying there, and the _single_ is made in the _2d_ and _3d_ place at both the _extreams_.

_12345_ │ 12534 │ 12354
21354 │ 21543 │ —————
23145 │ 25134 │ 13524
32415 │ 52314 │ 15342
23451 │ 25341 │ —————
32541 │ 52431 │ 14253
23514 │ 25413 │ 12435
32154 │ 52143 │ —————
31245 │ 51234 │ 14325
13425 │ 15324 │ 13452
14352 │ 13542 │ —————
41532 │ ————— │ 15234
45123 │ 14235 │ 12543
54213 │ 12453 │ —————
45231 │ ————— │ 15423
54321 │ 14523 │ 14532
45312 │ 15432 │ —————
54132 │ ————— │ 13245
51423 │ 13254 │_extre._
15243 │_extre._│ 12345

_Grandsire. 1 and 5._

The treble hath a direct hunting course as in plain changes, and every other bell hath also a like hunting course with that of the treble except when the _bobs_ hinder. The _bobs_ are double changes, and made on the two first and two last bells according to this rule, _viz._ every time the _treble_ goes to lead and leaves leading, a _bob_-change is then made, except the _5th_ lying next it makes a change there with it, and then not. Now ’tis observable, that once in twenty changes, that is, at every second leading of the treble, the _5th_ lies next it, and consequently there is but one _bob_-change then to be made, but at other times two; so that at one leading of the treble there is but one _bob_-change made, at the next leading there are two, and so successively by turns, which for distinction may be call’d _single_ and _double bobs_, The two bells that dodg behind at a _bob_ continue there dodging until the treble comes up and displaceth them, and at every _bob-change_ the bell in the _3d_ place lieth still, and then moves down to lead. By this method it will go sixty changes; and to carry on the course _extreams_ must be made, there being two in the peal. The manner of making an _extream_ I have at large shewed in the _Introduction_, and the _extreams_ may here be made in any place according to the general rule there set down. The easiest way in practice is to make them at the leadings of the treble; at any single _bob_ it maybe made behind, two of the _extream_ bells lying there, and to lie still whilst the bells in the _2d_ and _3d_ places do make the _single_ change: at any double _bob_ it may be made in the _2d_ and _3d_ places, so that the _single_ must there be made behind. If the first _extream_ is made at the single _bob_, the second must be made at the third following single _bob_; or if the first is made at a double _bob_, the second must be made at the third double _bob_ following, as in this peal here prickt, where the first _extream_ is made at a double _bob_, and the second also made at the third following double _bob_.

_12345_ │ 52143 │ 52431
21354 │ 51234 │ 25341
23145 │ 15324 │ 23514
32415 │ 13542 │ 32154
34251 │ 31524 │ 31245
43521 │ 35142 │ 13254
45312 │ 53412 │_extre._
54132 │ 54321 │ 13245
51423 │ 45231 │ —————
15243 │ 42513 │ 15342
12534 │ 24153 │ 13524
21543 │ 21435 │ —————
25134 │ 12453 │ 14253
52314 │ 14235 │ 12435
53241 │ 41253 │ —————
35421 │ 42135 │ 15234
34512 │ 24315 │ 12543
43152 │ 23451 │ —————
41325 │ 32541 │ 13452
14352 │ 35214 │ 14325
13425 │ 53124 │ —————
31452 │ 51342 │ 15423
34125 │ 15432 │ 14532
43215 │ 14523 │ —————
42351 │ 41532 │ 12354
24531 │ 45123 │_extre._
25413 │ 54213 │ 12345

This peal will go with any _hunts_, and to begin it on the four hind bells; but then in ringing it at half-pulls, the first change being made at back-stroke to prevent cutting compass, the bells at the end of the peal will come round at a fore-stroke change. Therefore the better way is to begin it on the four first bells, which may also be done with any _hunts_, excepting 1.3, 1.5. and 2.3, 2.4, 2.5, wherein the first change of each may be a _bob_. And observe, that in any way of beginning it, the bells must all proceed in such a perfect hunting course as the first change directs them, until the first _bob_ comes to be made.

_Old Triples and Doubles._

One change is _triple_, the next _double_, and so by turns, except one _single_ at the end of every sixty changes. Every _triple_ change is made on the two first, the two middle, and two last bells; and every _double_ is made on the four middle bells, except when the _hunt_ leads and then on the four hind bells. Treble is here the _hunt_, and hath a direct hunting course up and down as in plain changes: the rest of the bells have also a direct hunting course up and down except when the treble leads, and then each bell that was hunting up (except that in the _2d_ place) makes a dodge with the next bell below it, and then proceeds forward again in its course up; and each bell which at the same time was hunting down, makes a dodg with the next bell above it, and so proceedeth forward in its course down; which method will carry on the peal five _courses_ of the _hunt_, that is sixty changes as they are here prickt.

In the 120 there is also a _half-hunt_; and when the _whole-hunt_ leads and the _half-hunt_ lies next it, a single change must then be made, either in the _3d_ and _4th_, or _5th_ and _6th_ places; but observing when the _half-hunt_ comes again to lie next the _whole-hunt_, another single change must be made in the same place where the first was made. These single changes are called _extreams_, there being two in every _sixscore_, and the last of them always falls out in course to be made just 60 changes from the first, that is, at the fifth leading of the whole _hunt_ after the first _extream_.

_123456_│ 135264 │ 156342 │ 164523 │ 142635
214365 │ 312546 │ 513624 │ 615432 │ 416253
241635 │ 321456 │ 531264 │ 651342 │ 461523
426153 │ 234165 │ 352146 │ 563124 │ 645132
462513 │ 243615 │ 325416 │ 536214 │ 654312
645231 │ 426351 │ 234561 │ 352641 │ 563421
654321 │ 462531 │ 243651 │ 325461 │ 536241
563412 │ 645213 │ 426315 │ 234516 │ 352614
536142 │ 654123 │ 462135 │ 243156 │ 325164
351624 │ 561432 │ 641253 │ 421365 │ 231546
315264 │ 516342 │ 614523 │ 412635 │ 213456
132546 │ 153624 │ 165432 │ 146253 │ 124365

In the 240 there is also a _half-hunt_; and when the _whole-hunt_ leads, and the _half-hunt_ lies next it, a single change being then made in the _4th_ and _5th_ places, will bring the bells round at _twelvescore_, there being four _singles_ in the peal, one of which falls in the course at the end of every sixty changes.

In the 720 there is a whole, half, and quarter _hunt_, and every time the _whole-hunt_ leads and the _half-hunt_ lies next it, a single change must then be made in the _4th_ and _5th_ places as in the _twelvescore_; but when the _quarter-hunt_ lies next the _half-hunt_, that is, when the three _hunts_ come together before, (which always happen at the end of every _twelvescore_) then the _single_ must be made behind, which is call’d _extream_, there being three of them in the peal.

The _sevenscore and four_ triples and doubles are the same with the former except at the leadings of the treble, and then a _single_ is always made in the _3d_ and _4th_ places; but when the 2 lies next the treble, an _extream_ is made in the _4th_ and _5th_ places. This peal is grounded on the _twenty four_ doubles and singles, the four middle bells making them at the leadings of the treble.

_Grandsire Bob. 1, 2 and 4._

The general method of this peal is the same with that next before, but with this difference; whereas in that peal _singles_ were made at the end of every sixty changes to carry on the course, in this there are _double_ changes made in their stead, which are called _Bob_-changes, and made when the treble leads in the _2d_ and _3d_ and the _5th_ and _6th_ places, whereas at other times the _double_ is there made on the four hind bells.

The Practitioner may observe these rules in the ringing of it, _viz._ whatsoever bells he followeth when he hunteth up, he must follow the same bells again, and in the same order, the next time he hunts down, as in these changes here prickt; where the treble in hunting up first follows 2, then 4, and then 6; and when it comes behind, first it follows 2 again, then in its hunting down it follows 4 and 6 in the same order as when it hunted up; which is also observed in the ringing of any other bell, but with this difference betwixt the _whole-hunt_ and the rest of the bells, _viz._ Every time the _whole-hunt_ leaves the _treble’s_ place and hunts up, it followeth different bells from what it did in its former hunting up, as may be seen in this example: where in its first hunting up it first follows 2, then 4, then 6; whereas in the next hunting up it first follows 3, then 2, then 4. But the first time any other bell leads after a _bob_, whatsoever bells it then follows in its hunting up, it follows the same bells likewise and in the same order every time it hunts up, and consequently every time it hunts down unto the next _bob_; as in this example, where 2 in its first hunting up, first follows 4, then 6, then 5, and likewise when it next hunts up it follows 465 as before, _&c._ But when the _whole-hunt_ is the second bell which he follows in hunting up, he must follow it again when he next lies behind.

_123456_
214365
241635
426153
462513
645231
654321
563412
536142
351624
315264
132546
135264
312546
321456
234165
243615
426351
462531
645213

’Tis observable, that at every leading of the treble the two hind bells dodg; and whensoever the _half-hunt_ dodgeth there, a _bob_ must then be made, except the _quarter-hunt_ dodgeth there with it, and then not; which is an infallible rule, by which he that rings the _half-hunt_ may always give notice of the _bobs_ as well when the peal is inverted, as in the ordinary way of ringing it. The _bobs_ fall out in course single and double, the one single, the next double; and so by turns; there being three single _bobs_ and three double _bobs_ in the _eighteenscore_, and consequently six of each in the 720.

The aforesaid method being observed, will carry on the course of the peal to the end of _eighteenscore_, which is just half the 720, and then it terminates, as appears in the _eighteenscore_ here prickt: but by making an _extream_ that number may be doubled; for then _eighteenscore_ changes more will go in course according to the former method; and another _extream_ being likewise made at the end of the last _eighteenscore_ will compleat the 720. The manner of making an _extream_ I have shewed at large in the _Introduction_, _page 90._ where I have also set down a general rule for making them, to which I refer.

The first _extream_ may be made either the first, second, or third time that the half and quarter _hunts_ dodg behind; or else at the first, second, or third single _bob_; at either of which places the _single_ must be made behind.

132546 │ 165432 │ 132465 │ 421536 │ 142563
_123456_│ _bob._ │ 134256 │ 412356 │ ——————
214365 │ 156423 │ 312465 │ 143265 │ 124653
241635 │ 514632 │ 321645 │ 142356 │ 126435
426153 │ 453126 │ 236154 │ _bob._ │ ——————
462513 │ 435216 │ 263514 │ —————— │ 162345
645231 │ 342561 │ 625341 │ 124536 │ 163254
654321 │ 324651 │ 652431 │ 125463 │ ——————
563412 │ 236415 │ 564213 │ —————— │ 136524
536142 │ 263145 │ 546123 │ 152643 │ 135642
351624 │ 621354 │ 451632 │ 156234 │ ——————
315264 │ 612534 │ 415362 │ —————— │ 153462
135264 │ 165243 │ 461235 │ 165324 │ _bob._
312546 │ 162534 │ 143526 │ 163542 │ 135426
321456 │ 615243 │ _bob._ │ —————— │ ——————
234165 │ 651423 │ 134562 │ 136452 │ 153246
243615 │ 564132 │ 315426 │ 163425 │ 152364
426351 │ 546312 │ 351246 │ —————— │ ——————
462531 │ 453621 │ 532164 │ 136245 │ 125634
645213 │ 435261 │ 523614 │ 132654 │ 126543
654123 │ 546321 │ 256341 │ —————— │ ——————
561432 │ 342516 │ 265431 │ 123564 │ 162453
516342 │ 324156 │ 624513 │ 125346 │ 164235
153624 │ 231465 │ 642153 │ —————— │ ——————
156342 │ 213645 │ 416325 │ 152436 │ 146325
513624 │ 126354 │ 143652 │ 154263 │ _bob._
531264 │ 123645 │ _bob._ │ —————— │ 164352
352146 │ 216354 │ 134625 │ 145623 │ ——————
541362 │ 261534 │ 316452 │ _bob._ │ 146532
325416 │ 625143 │ 361542 │ 154632 │ _bob._
234561 │ 652413 │ 635124 │ —————— │ 164523
243651 │ 564231 │ 653214 │ 145362 │ ——————
426315 │ 453612 │ 562341 │ _bob._ │ 146253
462135 │ 435162 │ 526431 │ 154326 │ 142635
641253 │ 341526 │ 254613 │ —————— │ ——————
614523 │ 314256 │ 245163 │ 145236 │ 124365

Here are _eighteenscore_ changes wanting one, which one if it were made double as the former, would bring the bells round, therefore an _extream_ must be made as in this change 123465, the two hind bells making the _extream_, and the bells in the _3d_ and _4th_ places making the _single_. Now in regard that this _extream_ is made the second time the _whole-hunt_ leads after a double _bob_, therefore the second _extream_ must be made the second time the _whole-hunt_ leads after the third double _bob_ following.

This peal may be rung with any _hunts_, and to begin the changes _triple_ and _double_ as in this here prickt.

]

_Fifty three _LONDON_-Peals
upon Five, Six, Seven, and Eight
Bells, composed by_ F.S.

_Crambo._

The changes are all _single_; it hath a perfect course, and may be prickt many ways.