Chapter VI: Preface: vii (5)

Born in Newtown, Pa. He studied in the Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts and in 1838 entered the National Academy in New York. After studying abroad he returned to New York City in 1849 and began a successful career as a portrait painter.

JOHN WILLIAM HILL (1812-1879).

Born in England and died in this country. He did aquatint work and drew upon stone for the lithographers. Later he painted landscapes in water-colors and achieved considerable reputation.

THOMAS HILL (1829- ).

Born in Birmingham, England. He came to the United States in 1840 and settled in Taunton, Mass. Until 1853 he followed the profession of ornamental painting, then studied in the life-class of the Pennsylvania Academy at Philadelphia. He removed to California and painted landscapes.

MINDERHOUT HOBBEMA (1638-1709).

Born at Coeverden, Holland, and resided at Amsterdam. He was a friend of Ruysdael and their styles are similar.

WILLIAM HOGARTH (1697-1764).

Born at London. His father was a schoolmaster, who apprenticed him to an engraver, after which he entered the Academy of St. Martin's Lane.

HANS HOLBEIN (1497-1554).

A Swiss painter and wood engraver, born at Augsburg. He was the son and scholar of John Holbein. He visited England and painted a number of portraits, including Henry VIII., who gave him apartments in the palace. He died at London.

GERARD HONTHORST (1590-1656).

A Dutch painter, born at Utrecht, who studied under Abraham Bloemaert. Going to Rome he studied the works of M. A. Caravaggio and later settled at The Hague.

PETER DE HOOGHE (1632-1681).

A Dutch painter, born at Rotterdam and died at Haerlem. His usual subjects were interiors of Dutch apartments with figures.

JOHN HORREMANS, THE ELDER (1682-1759).

A Flemish painter, born at Antwerp, whose favorite subjects were conversation pieces. Studied under Michiel Vander Voort and Jan van Pee.

JEAN ANTOINE HOUDON (1740-1828).

Sculptor, born at Versailles, France; died at Paris. He studied his art under Michel Ange Slodtz and later under Pigale. In 1785 he accompanied Franklin to the United States and spent two weeks at Mount Vernon to prepare his statue of Washington, now in Richmond, Virginia. He produced many masterpieces which placed him foremost of French sculptors.

JAN VAN HUGTENBURG (1646-1733).

Dutch painter and engraver, born at Haerlem. He studied under Thomas and Jacob Wyck and later became acquainted with Vander Meulen who gave him instruction. Died at Amsterdam.

DANIEL HUNTINGTON (1816-1906).

Born and died in New York City, and was a classmate of Charles L. Elliott at Hamilton College. In 1835 he studied with Samuel F. B. Morse. In 1839 he visited Europe and again in 1844. Returning to New York in 1846 he devoted himself chiefly to painting portraits, and was elected President of the National Academy of Design.

CORNELIUS HUYSMANS (1648-1727).

A Flemish landscape painter, born at Antwerp, who later settled at Mechlin. He was placed in the school of Gaspar de Wit and then studied under Jacques Artois. He is also known as Houseman of Mechlin, where he died.

CHARLES C. INGHAM (1797-1863).

Born in Dublin, Ireland; died in N. Y. City. He studied in the Academy of Dublin and settled in New York in 1817, being one of the founders of the National Academy of Design.

HENRY INMAN (1801-1846).

Born in Utica, N. Y.; died in New York City. Pupil of John Wesley Jarvis, with whom he studied seven years, painting miniatures. Later he acquired a high reputation as a portrait painter.

CHAUNCEY B. IVES (1812- ).

Sculptor, born in Hamden, Conn., the son of a farmer. At the age of sixteen he apprenticed himself to E. R. Northrup, a wood carver, and later studied with Hezekiah Augur. He lived most of the time abroad at Rome, making occasional visits to America. For a short time in 1855 he had a studio in New York and received many orders.

KARL DU JARDIN (1625-1678).

Born at Amsterdam and studied under Nicholas Berghem. He went to Italy where he was received by the Bentevogel Society. His works are mostly confined to landscapes.

JOHN WESLEY JARVIS (1780-1834).

Born in South Shields, England; died in New York City. He came to Philadelphia in 1785 and with but little instruction began to paint portraits in which he became popular. The bust of Thomas Paine, now in the Society collection, was executed by Jarvis.

WILLIAM JEWETT (1792-1873).

Born in East Haddam, Conn., and died at Bayonne, N. J. He began life as a farmer and was apprenticed to a coach-maker at New London, Conn., for whom he prepared paints and assisted in coloring carriages. At New London he met Samuel L. Waldo whose assistant he became and later collaborated with him in painting portraits.

DAVID JOHNSON (1827-1908).

Born in New York City and received a few lessons from Jasper F. Cropsey. His paintings represent mostly American scenery. He was a member of the National Academy of Design. He died at Walden, N. Y.

EASTMAN JOHNSON (1824-1906).

Born in Lowell, Me., and died in New York City. He first settled in Augusta, Me., and executed portraits in black and white and in pastel. In 1845 he removed to Washington, D. C., and in 1849 visited Europe, returning to the United States in 1856. In 1858 he settled in New York. He was an excellent portrait painter.

JACOB JORDAENS (1593-1678).

Born and died at Antwerp. He studied under Adam van Oort, whose daughter he married. He was associated with Rubens, whose style he imitated.

JEAN JOUVENET (1644-1717).

French painter, born at Rouen, the son of Laurent Jouvenet, who taught him the first principles of the art. Later he studied with Nicholas Poussin. Died at Paris.

WILLIAM KALF (1630-1693).

Dutch painter, born and died at Amsterdam. He studied under Hendrick Pot, an historical painter, and after leaving that master he acquired a reputation painting still life.

JOHN F. KENSETT (1818-1872.)

Born in Cheshire, Conn.; died in New York City. Studied under his father as an engraver and went into the employ of the American Bank Note Company at New York. He went to Europe to study Art in 1845 with other artists. Returning in 1847, he established himself in New York.

ALBERT KLOMP.

A Dutch painter whose pictures are dated from 1602 to 1632 and have much merit.

JAN KOBELL (1779-1814).

The son of Hendrick Kobell, born at Delfshaven. He was placed under the instruction of W. R. vander Wal, and adopted Paul Potter for his model.

BAREND C. KOEK-KOEK (1803-1862).

Born at Middleburg, Zeeland, and died at Cleves. He was a student of the Amsterdam Academy under Schelfhout and Van Oos. In 1841 he founded an Academy of Design at Cleves.

CHRISTIAN KÖHLER (1809-1861).

Born at Werben, studied at Berlin Academy, and was professor at the Düsseldorf Academy 1855-58. He painted historical subjects and died at Montpellier.

EDWARD J. KUNTZE (1826-1870).

Sculptor, born in Pomerania, Prussia; died in New York City. He studied in Stockholm, Sweden, and lived for some years in London, England. In 1852 he came to America and achieved a reputation.

SIEGMUND LACHENWITZ (1820-1868).

Born at Neuss and died at Düsseldorf. Was a student at the Düsseldorf Academy 1840-1867, studying animal life.

GERARD DE LAIRESSE (1641-1711).

Flemish painter, born at Liége and died at Amsterdam. He was the son of Renier Lairesse, who taught him the elements of design, later studying under Bertholet Flemael.

JAMES R. LAMBDIN (1807-1889).

Born in Pittsburg, Pa.; studied under Thomas Sully, and established himself as a portrait painter. He was professor of fine arts in the University of Pennsylvania and an officer of the Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts.

LOUIS LANG (1814-1893).

Born in Waldsee, Württemberg, Germany. He studied at Stuttgart and Paris, and came to the United States in 1838 and resided in Philadelphia and New York, making frequent trips to Europe. Died at New York.

NICHOLAS DE LARGILLIÈRE (1656-1746).

Born at Paris, and studied under Francis Gobeau, a painter of landscapes and still life. He became a successful portrait painter.

ROBERT E. LAUNITZ (1806-1870).

Sculptor, born in Riga, Russia; died in New York City. He studied under Thorwaldsen and in 1828 came to New York. He was the instructor of Thomas Crawford and has been called the father of monumental art in America.

PHILLIPPE LAURI (1623-1694).

Son of Baldassare Lauri; born at Rome, and studied first under his brother, Francesco Lauri, and at the latter's death entered the school of Angelo Caroselli, his brother-in-law.

SIR THOMAS LAWRENCE (1769-1830).

An English portrait painter, born at Bristol, England, and studied under Mr. Hoare and in the Royal Academy. He was encouraged and advised by Reynolds. After the death of Benjamin West he was chosen president of the Royal Academy.

OLIVER I. LAY (1845- ).

Born in New York City, and was a pupil of Thomas Hicks. He studied at the Cooper Institute and the National Academy.

JACOB H. LAZARUS (1823-1891).

Born and died at New York. He was a pupil of Henry Inman and had a successful career as a portrait painter in this city.

SIR PETER LELY (1618-1680).

A German portrait painter, born at Soest, in Westphalia. He studied in the school of Peter Grebber, of Haerlem, for two years. His style of painting resembled that of Van Dyck, whom he imitated. He died at London.

NICHOLAS BERNARD LEPICIÉ (1735-1784).

A French painter, the son of Bernard Lepicié; born and died at Paris; studied under Carl Vanloo.

LUCAS VAN LEYDEN (1494-1533).

So called from the place of his birth; was the son of Hugo Jacobs, who instructed him in the rudiments of art and later placed him with Cornelius Engelbrechtsen. He became a friend of Dürer.

HENRY LEYS (1815-1869).

Born and died at Antwerp. Studied at the Antwerp Academy and under de Brackeleer.

JOHN LINGELBACH (1625-1687).

Born at Frankfort, Germany, and died at Amsterdam. He went to Amsterdam when very young, and later visited Paris and Rome to study.

SEBASTIAN LLANOS Y VALDES (1602-1668).

A Spanish painter who flourished at Seville and studied under Francisco d'Herrera the Elder. He became president of the Academy of Seville.

ARTEMISIA LOMI (1590-1642).

Called Gentileschi. An Italian paintress, born in Rome; went to England and later resided at Naples, where she married Pietro Antonio Schiattesi. She was the daughter and pupil of Orazio Lomi who adopted the name Gentileschi from his maternal uncle.

LORENZO IL MONACO (1370-1425).

An Italian painter who died at Florence. He was a follower of Angiolo Gaddi.

ANTHONY DE LORME.

A Dutch painter of whom little is known. He flourished at Rotterdam about 1640-1666. His pictures represent interiors of churches and other edifices.

CLAUDE LORRAINE (1600-1682).

Born in Chamagne, Lorraine, and learned the first rudiments of art from his brother, who was an engraver on wood. He entered the Academy of Godfrey Waal at Naples and later studied under Agostino Tassi, a landscape painter at Rome.

BERNARDINO LUINI (1475-1530).

Born at Luino in the Milanese on the Lago Maggiore, and from his style is considered to have been a follower of Leonardo da Vinci, but first studied under Stefano Scotto.

NICHOLAS MAAS (1632-1693).

A Dutch painter, born at Dort. He entered the school of Rembrandt and became an excellent colorist. After painting historical subjects for a while, he devoted himself to portrait painting.

JOHN DE MABUSE.

A Flemish painter, born at Maubeuge about 1472 and died in 1533. It is not known under whom he studied. He went to Italy in 1508. His family name was Gossart.

MACRINO D'ALBA.

A native of Alladio, and a citizen of Alba, whose name was Fava. It is not known with whom he studied or when he was born or died. His works are dated 1496 to 1508.

ANDREA MANTEGNA (1431-1506).

He was born at Vicenza and became the pupil and adopted son of Squarcione. He married the daughter of Jacopo Bellini. He was also an early engraver and did much for that art.

OTHO MARCELLIS (1613-1673).

A Dutch painter, born and died at Amsterdam. It is not known under whom he studied. He painted curious plants, insects, serpents and other reptiles, and acquired great celebrity in this singular branch of the art.

EDWARD D. MARCHANT (1806-1887).

Born in Edgarton, Mass.; died in Asbury Park, N. J. In 1843 he went West, and in 1845 settled in Philadelphia and painted many portraits.

JACOB MARREL (1614-1685).

Born at Utrecht; died at Frankfort. Was a pupil of Georg Flegel and painted flowers and fruit.

QUINTIN MATSYS (1450-1530).

A Flemish painter, born and died at Antwerp. He was a blacksmith until his twentieth year, and it is not known under whom he studied art. His style was unlike any other master.

LUDOVICO MAZZOLINO (1481-1530).

Born at Ferrara, and a student of Lorenzo Costa. There is a great confusion of names as applied to this artist. He may be placed after Garofalo, among the masters of his native town.

FRANCESCO MAZZUOLI (1504-1540).

Called "Il Parmiggiano"; was born at Parma. He received instructions from his uncles, who taught him what they knew in the art. He was also distinguished as an engraver.

JOHN VANDER MEER (1656-1705).

Born and died at Haerlem; the son of John vander Meer, under whom he first studied and afterwards with Berghem.

JAN MEMLING (1430-1494).

Flemish painter, born at Mümling, who studied under Roger Van der Weyden. He settled in Bruges.

SIMONE MEMMI (1283-1344).

A Sienese painter and one of the earliest who distinguished themselves after the revival of the art. He was a pupil of Duccio.

GEORGES MICHEL (1763-1843).

French painter, born and died at Paris, whose work was chiefly landscapes. Pupil of Leduc.

JOHN MIEL (1599-1664).

Born near Antwerp, and studied under Gerard Seghers. Went to Rome and entered the school of Andrea Sacchi, who employed him to assist in his works. He died at Turin.

PIERRE MIGNARD (1610-1695.)

Born at Troyes, and resided at Rome twenty-two years, where he acquired the name "the Roman." He studied under Jean Boucher and in the school of Simon Vouet at Paris, where he died.

CLARK MILLS (1815-1883).

Sculptor, born in Onondaga Co., N. Y.; died in Washington, D. C. In 1835 he discovered a new method of taking a cast from a living face, which enabled him to make busts very cheaply. Later he began cutting busts in marble with much success and executed the statue of "Freedom" now standing above the dome of the Capitol at Washington, D. C.

JOHN MOLENAER (1610-1668).

Born and died at Haerlem, he painted country scenes in the style of Steen and Brouwer. Was the best of the Molenaers.

NICHOLAS MOLENAER (1629-1676).

Born at Amsterdam, and painted landscapes in the manner of Ostade.

PETER MOLYN (1632-1701),

the Younger, called Il Tempesta by the Italians, was born at Haerlem, and studied under his father, and then imitated the style of Francis Snyders. His sea subjects and storms at sea gave him the name Il Tempesta.

LUIS MORALES (1509-1586).

A Spanish painter, born at Badajos in Estremadura. His works are said to resemble in many respects those of Leonardo da Vinci.

GEORGE MORLAND (1763-1804).

Born and died at London. He was the son of Henry Robert Morland, a portrait painter in crayons, and engraver. He exhibited many pictures at the Royal Academy.

SAMUEL F. B. MORSE (1791-1872).

Born at Charlestown, Mass.; died in New York City. He graduated at Yale in 1810 and then studied under Washington Allston, with whom he went to London, where he was admitted to the Royal Academy, also studying under Benjamin West. In 1823 he settled in New York and opened a studio, painting portraits. He was a founder of the National Academy.

FREDERICK MOUCHERON (1633-1686).

Flemish painter, born at Embden and died at Amsterdam. He studied under John Asselyn, a landscape painter. He designed everything after nature.

ISAAC MOUCHERON (1670-1744).

Born and died at Amsterdam. He was the son of the preceding and received his instruction from his father. He followed the style of Gaspar Poussin, painting chiefly landscapes, decorating the saloons and halls of the nobility and wealthy persons.

WILLIAM S. MOUNT (1807-1868).

Born and died in Setauket, L. I. At the age of seventeen he came to New York and became associated with his elder brother, Henry S. Mount, as a sign painter. In 1826 he entered the National Academy of Design, and in 1829 established himself as a portrait painter. Later he devoted himself to genre painting.

BARTOLOMÉ ESTÉBAN MURILLO (1617-1682).

Spanish painter, born and died at Seville. Was placed in the academy of his uncle, Don Juan del Castillo, and later studied under Velasquez at Madrid.

MICHAEL VAN MUSSCHER (1645-1705).

A Dutch painter, born at Rotterdam and died at Amsterdam. First studied under Martin Zaagmoolen, and afterwards under Abraham vander Tempel, Gabriel Metzu, and Adrian van Ostade.

JAN VAN NECK (1636-1714).

Born at Naarden, and studied under Jacob de Backer. He settled at Amsterdam. He painted portraits and historical subjects.

PETER NEEFS (1577-1657).

Born at Antwerp. Studied under Henry Steenwyck and painted interiors similar to those of his master.

ARNOLD VANDER NEER (1604-1677).

Born at Gorinchem and removed to Amsterdam. His instructor is not known. He painted landscapes and excelled in moonlight views.

VICTOR NEHLIG (1830- ).

Born in Paris, and was a pupil of Leon Cogniet and Abel de Pujol. He came to the United States in 1856 and settled in New York. Many of his works are illustrative of American History. He returned to Europe in 1872.

CONSTANTINE NETSCHER (1670-1722).

Dutch portrait painter, born at The Hague, who studied under his father, Gaspar Netscher, whose style he followed.

CASPAR NETSCHER (1639-1684).

Born at Heidelberg, Germany, and died at The Hague. He studied under Koster and in the school of Terburg. He settled in Holland and acquired fame as a portrait painter.

GILBERT STUART NEWTON (1797-1835).

Born in Halifax, N. S.; died in Chelsea, England. He received some instruction from his uncle, Gilbert Stuart. When a youth he went to Europe and entered the Royal Academy in London. There he lodged with Washington Irving. In 1831 he sailed for the United States, married in Boston and returned to England in October, 1832, and died three years later.

JACOB VAN OCHTERVELDT.

A Dutch painter, of whom little is known except by his works, in which he imitated the style of Gerard Terburg. He flourished about 1670.

BALTHASAR PAUL OMMEGANCK (1755-1826).

Born and died at Antwerp. He studied with H. Antonissen and became an eminent landscape and animal painter.

JACOB VAN OOST (1600-1671).

A Flemish painter, born at Bruges and died there. He imitated Annibale Caracci after he went to Rome to further his studies.

BERNARD VAN ORLEY (1490-1542).

Born at Brussels and at an early age went to Rome and studied under Raphael and later assisted him. He returned to Brussels with a distinguished reputation.

SAMUEL S. OSGOOD (1808-1885).

Born in Boston, Mass.; married Frances S. Locke (who wrote under the nom de plume of "Fanny Forrester"). He studied art in Europe and settled in New York City, making a specialty of portrait painting.

ADRIAN VAN OSTADE (1610-1685).

Dutch painter, born at Haerlem and studied under Francis Hals. He was an ardent friend of Adrian Brower, a fellow student. His subjects are always from low life.

ISAAC VAN OSTADE (1621-1649).

Brother of Adrian, under whom he studied and whose style he imitated, but later adopted a style of his own in painting out-door scenes.

JEAN BAPTISTE OUDRY (1686-1755).

French painter and engraver, born at Paris, and studied under Nicholas Largillière. He acquired distinction in painting hunting pieces, cavalcades, etc. He died at Beauvais.

WILLIAM PAGE (1811-1885).

Born in Albany, N. Y.; died in Tottenville, S. I. He studied under James Herring and Samuel F. B. Morse; also entered the Academy of Design. He spent eleven years in Europe, from 1849 to 1860, and returning to New York, was president of the Academy of Design. He painted mostly portraits.

JACOPO PALMA (1480-1528).

Called Il Vecchio, to distinguish him from his great nephew, called Il Giovine. He was a native of Serinalta in the Bergamese Territory.

ERASTUS DOW PALMER (1817-1904).

Sculptor, born in Pompey, Onondaga Co., N. Y. Was first a carpenter by trade, then executed cameo portraits, and finally undertook sculpture proper. All his knowledge was acquired in America, and it was not until he had become famous that he visited Europe.

GIOVANNI PAOLO PANNINI (1691-1764).

Born at Piacenza. He studied under Pietro Lucatelli at Rome, but followed the style of Salvator Rosa, and became a master of the art of perspective and architecture.

JOHN PARADISE (1783-1834).

Born in New Jersey; died in New York City. He was a pupil of Denis A. Volozan at Philadelphia, and in 1810 removed to New York. He is principally known by his portraits of Methodist divines.

JEAN BAPTISTE PATER (1695-1736).

French painter, born at Valenciennes, and became the pupil of Anthony Watteau, whose style and subjects he imitated.

CHARLES WILSON PEALE (1741-1827).

Born in Chestertown, Md.; died in Philadelphia, Pa. He changed his profession from saddle-making to portrait painting. He received some instructions from John Singleton Copley and in 1770 went to London, where he met Benjamin West, under whom he studied. In 1776 he established himself in Philadelphia, painting portraits. He became a Captain in the Revolutionary War, a member of the Legislature, and founded, in 1802, "Peale's Museum." He took up in turn the making of coaches, harness, clocks and watches, besides working as a silversmith; he was a naturalist, dentist and author, but was most famous as a portrait painter, having painted fourteen portraits of Washington from life.

REMBRANDT PEALE (1778-1860).

Son of Charles Wilson Peale; was born in Bucks Co., Pa., and died in Philadelphia. After receiving instructions from his father he went to England and studied under Benjamin West. He made several trips to Europe and painted many portraits in various cities in the United States. At the age of seventeen he painted Washington's portrait.

PIETRO PERUGINO (1446-1524).

Born at Citta della Pieve, near Perugia, and died at the latter place. It is believed that he studied under Andrea Verocchio at Florence. The family name of Perugino was Vannucci.

BONAVENTURA PETERS (1614-1652).

Flemish painter, born at Antwerp, who became one of the most eminent marine painters of his time. It is not known by whom he was instructed.

GIOVANNI BATTISTA PIAZZETTA (1682-1754).

A Venetian painter, who was first instructed by his father and later became a pupil of Antonio Molinari. He died at Venice.

ROBERT EDGE PINE (1742-1790).

Son of John Pine, an English designer and engraver, who instructed him. He was born in London and came to Philadelphia in 1784 to paint the portraits of distinguished persons.

SEBASTIANO DEL PIOMBO (1485-1547).

Born at Venice; his real name was Sebastiano Luciano. He first studied with Giovanni Bellini and then with Giorgione, becoming the most distinguished disciple of his school.

EGBERT VANDER POEL (1621-1664).

A Dutch painter, native of Delft, and died at Rotterdam. His favorite subjects were conflagrations, fire-works and interiors by candle-light.

CORNELIUS POELEMBURG (1586-1667).

Born at Utrecht, he studied under Abraham Bloemaert and then went to Italy. His style was a combination of the Flemish and Italian schools.

FRANCIS PORBUS (1570-1622),

"the younger," was born at Antwerp and studied with his father. He acquired distinction as a portrait painter in Paris, where he died.

PETER PORBUS (1513-1584).

A Dutch painter and architect, born at Gouda. He settled at Bruges, where he died. He acquired distinction in history and portraits.

PAUL POTTER (1625-1654).

Son of Peter Potter, born at Enkhuysen, and was the pupil of his father. His subjects were landscapes with different animals, in which he excelled. He established himself at The Hague.

GASPAR POUSSIN (1613-1675).

Born at Rome, the son of a Frenchman, and was adopted by Nicholas Poussin as his son, and taught him to paint. He became an eminent landscape painter and died at Rome.

NICHOLAS POUSSIN (1594-1665).

Born at Andely, in Normandy, and was descended from a noble family. He received his first instructions in art from Quinton Varin and then went to Paris and later to Rome, where he died.

WILLIAM H. POWELL (1823-1879).

Born and died in New York City. He was a pupil of Henry Inman and later studied in Paris and Florence. He painted historical subjects and portraits.

ROBERT M. PRATT (1811-1880).

Born in Binghamton, N. Y.; died in New York City. He studied under Samuel F. B. Morse and Charles C. Ingham, and became a figure and flower painter. He also painted portraits.

PIERRE PAUL PRUD'HON (1758-1823).

French painter, born at Clugny, and studied in the Academy of Dijon and later went to Rome, returning to France in 1789.

ADAM PYNAKER (1621-1673).

Dutch landscape painter, born at the village of Pynaker. He visited Rome while very young and on returning to Holland gained distinction.

AUGUSTUS QUERFURT (1696-1761).

A German painter, born at Wolfenbüttel, who after receiving instructions from his father went to Augsburg and studied under Rugendas. He died at Vienna.

JOHN RAMAGE.

An Irishman who painted miniatures in Boston, Mass. In 1777 he was established in William Street, New York, where he painted the military heroes while the city was in the British occupation.

JEAN RAOUX (1677-1734).

A French historical and portrait painter, born at Montpellier. He studied in the School of Bon Boulogne, at Paris.

RAPHAEL SANZIO DI URBINO (1483-1520).

Styled the Prince of Painters, and acknowledged to have possessed a greater combination of the higher excellencies of art than has fallen to the lot of any individual. He was placed in the School of Perugino after having learned the elements of design from his father, Giovanni Sanzio, a painter of little celebrity. He visited Florence and Rome, and died at the latter place at the age of thirty-seven years.

JOHN VAN RAVESTEYN (1572-1657).

Dutch portrait painter, born at The Hague. He was a pupil of Michael Mierevelt, and his works have great merit.

PAUL REMBRANDT (1606-1669).

One of the most eminent painters and engravers of the Dutch School, born at a small village on the banks of the Rhine, between Leyderdorp and Leyden. He entered the School of Jacob van Zwaanenberg at Amsterdam and later studied with Peter Lastmann and Jacob Pinas.

GUIDO RENI (1575-1642).

Born at Bologna, the son of Samuel Reni, who placed him in the School of Denis Calvart and later in the Academy of Caracci. He was also a pupil of Lodovico. He visited Rome and Naples and died at Bologna.

SIR JOSHUA REYNOLDS (1723-1792).

Born at Plymouth, England, and studied under Hudson. After visiting various cities in Italy he settled at London and was appointed President of the Royal Academy in 1768 and shortly after was knighted by the king. He is called the founder of the British School of Painting.

JOSÉ RIBERA (1588-1656).

Called Il Spagnoletto. A Spanish painter, born at Xatia, in Valencia. He entered the School of Francisco Ribalta and later studied under Caravaggio at Naples.

ANDREW RICHARDSON.

An English painter of landscapes who exhibited a number of paintings, and of whom Dunlap says: "I am ignorant of his history."

HYACINTHE RIGAUD (1659-1743).

A French portrait painter, born at Perpignan; he settled at Lyons and in 1681 visited Paris to study historical painting, but accepting the advice of Charles Le Brun, he confined himself to portrait painting.

HUBERT ROBERT (1733-1808).

Born at Paris, where he acquired the rudiments of art. He visited Rome and studied in the French Academy under the direction of Carlo Natoire. His work was principally architectural and perspective views.

JACOPO ROBUSTI (TINTORETTO) (1512-1594).

Called Il Tintoretto, because he was the son of a dyer. He was born at Venice and a pupil of Titian, who became jealous of his success and banished him from his studio. His works are numerous and exhibit an extraordinary combination of beauties and defects. He died at Venice, aged eighty-two years.

HENRY MARTIN ROKES (1621-1682).

A Dutch painter, born at Rotterdam, who acquired a knowledge of art from William Buytenweg, and later studied under the younger Teniers, whose style he followed.

GIO FRANCESCO ROMANELLI (1610-1662).

Italian painter, born and died at Viterbo. He studied in the school of Pietro da Cortona, under the patronage of Cardinal Barberini. He visited Paris, where he was honored by Louis XIV.

GIULIO ROMANO (1492-1546).

Born at Rome, and was a pupil of Raphael and his most distinguished disciple. He was particularly successful in battle-pieces and also gained great distinction as an architect.

THEODORE ROMBOUTS (1597-1637).

A Flemish painter, born at Antwerp, who studied under Abraham Janssens. He visited Rome and Florence, then settled at Antwerp, where he died.

JOHN HENRY ROOS (1631-1685).

A Dutch painter, born at Otterberg. He was apprenticed to Julian du Jardyn, a painter of little note, and later studied under Adrian de Bie, an able designer of landscapes and animals.

SALVATORE ROSA (1615-1673).

Born at Renilla, near Naples, he first studied under Francesco Fracanzani, his brother-in-law, and later in the Academy of Giuseppe Ribera. He died at Rome.

JOHN ROTTENHAMER (1564-1623).

A German painter, born at Munich. He received his first instruction from an obscure artist named Donnaver. At Venice he studied the works of Tintoretto. After years of study in Italy he returned and settled at Augsburg, where he died.

PETER PAUL RUBENS (1577-1640).

Born at Siegen of a distinguished family, he was placed under the instruction of Tobias Verhaecht, and later entered the schools of Adam van Oort and Otho van Veen. He was one of the most original painters that ever lived, and his subjects are unlimited. He died at Antwerp.

JACOB RUYSDAEL (1630-1682).

Dutch landscape painter, born at Haerlem. He was the son and pupil of Izack van Ruysdael and became a great landscape painter.

SOLOMON RUYSDAEL (1616-1670).

Brother of the preceding, born at Haerlem. He was a pupil of Van de Velde and Jan van Goyen. His subjects were river views and landscapes.

DAVID RYCKAERT (1612-1661).

Born at Antwerp and instructed by his father, David Ryckaert. He devoted himself to interiors with peasants, fairs, etc. He died at Antwerp.

CORNELIUS SAFTLEVEN (1607-1682).

A Dutch painter, born at Gorinchem. It is not known under whom he studied, but he settled at Antwerp, where he acquired considerable reputation.