Chapter XI

THE EUROPEAN CLIMATE IN THE PLEISTOCENE AGE.

Evidence of the Mammalia as to Climate 392

Southern Group of Animals 393-395

Northern Group 395-397

Probable cause of Association of Northern and Southern
Groups 397, 398

The Temperate Group 399

Species common to Cold and Tropical Climates 400

Extinct Species 400

Two Periods of Glaciation in Britain 401-403

Three Climatal Changes on the Continent 403

Europe invaded by Pleistocene Animals before the Glacial
Period 404-406

Mammalia lived in Europe during the second Glacial Period 406

The Glacial Period does not separate one Life-era from another 407

Bone-caves inhabited before and after the Glacial Period 408

Relation of Palæolithic Man to Glacial Period 409

Age of Contents of Caves in Glacial Districts 410

CHAPTER XII.

CONCLUSION.

Classification of Pleistocene Strata by the Mammalia 412-414

Late Pleistocene Division 414

Middle Pleistocene Division 415-417

Early Pleistocene Mammalia 417-420

The Pleiocene Mammalia 420-423

Summary of Characteristic Pleistocene and Pleiocene Species 423, 424

Antiquity of Man in Europe 424-426

Man lived in India in the Pleistocene Age 426-428

Are the Palæolithic Aborigines of India related to those of
Europe? 428

Palæolithic Man in Palestine 429

Conclusion 430

APPENDIX I.

ON THE INSTRUMENTS AND METHODS OF CAVE-HUNTING.

Instruments used in Cave-hunting 435

Search after Bone-caves 437

Three modes of Cave-digging 438

Stalagmitic floors to be broken up 440

The Preservation of Fossil Remains 440