Chapter XXXIII: Appendix: Camb. Univ. MS. Ii. 3. 21, fol. 52 b (7)

++Þanne seide she. þis is q{uo}d she þe olde questiou{n} of þe p{ur}ueaunce of god. {and} marcus tulius whan he deuided[e] þe deuinac{i}ou{n}s. þat is to sein in hys booke þat he wroot of deuinac{i}ou{n}s. he moeued[e] gretly þis questiou{n}. {and} þou þi self hast souȝt it mochel {and} outerly {and} lo{n}g[e]. but ȝit ne haþ it nat ben determined ne yspedd fermely {and} diligently of any of yow. ¶ And þe cause of þis derkenesse {and} [of this] difficulte is for þat þe moeuynge of þe resou{n} of mankynde ne may nat moeue{n} to. þat is to sein applien or ioygnen to þe simplicite of þe deuyne p{re}science. ¶ þe whiche symplicite of þe deuyne p{re}science ȝif þat men [myhten thinken it in any maner{e} / þ{a}t is to seyn / þ{a}t yif men] myȝte þinken {and} co{m}p{re}henden þe þinges as god seeþ hem. þan ne sholde þer dwellen outerly no doute. þe whiche resou{n} {and} cause of difficulte I shal assaie at þe laste to shewen {and} to speden. ¶ whan I haue firste [yspendyd / {and}] ansewered to þo resou{n}s by whiche þ{o}u art ymoeued. ¶ For I axe whi þ{o}u wenest þat þilk[e] resou{n}s of hem þat assoilen þis questiou{n} ne ben nat spedeful ynouȝ ne sufficient þe whiche soluc{i}ou{n} or þe whiche resou{n} for þat it demiþ þat þe p{re}science nis nat cause of necessite to þinges to comen. þan ne weneþ it nat þat fredom of wille be distourbed or ylett by p{re}science. for ne drawest þou nat argumentes from ellys where of þe necessite of þinges to comen. As who seiþ any oþer wey þan þus. but þat þilke þinge[s] þat þe p{re}scie{n}ce woot byforn [ne] mowen nat vnbitide. þat is to seyn þat þei moten bitide. ¶ But þan yif þat p{re}science ne putteþ no necessite to þinges to comen. as þou þi self hast confessed it {and} byknowen a litel herbyforn{e}. ¶ what cause [or what] is it. as who seiþ þere may no cause be. by whiche þat þe endes (exitus) uoluntarie of þinges myȝten be constreyned to certeyne bitydyng. ¶ For by grace of possessiou{n}. so þat þou mowe þe better vndirstonde þis þat folweþ. ¶ I pose (inpossibile) þat þer ne be no p{re}science. þan axe I q{uo}d she in as moche as app{er}teniþ to þat. sholde þan þinges þat comen of frewille ben constreined to bytiden by necessite. {Boici}us. nay q{uo}d I. þan aȝeinward q{uo}d she. I suppose þat þere be p{re}science but þat ne putteþ no necessite to þinges. þan trowe I þat þilk self fredom of wille shal dwelle{n} al hool {and} absolut {and} vnbounden. but þou wolt sein þat al be it so þat p{re}science nis nat cause of þe necessite of bitidynge to þinges to comen. ¶ Algates ȝitte it is a signe þ{a}t þe þinges ben to bytiden by necessite. by þis manere þan al þouȝ þe p{re}science ne hadde neuer yben. ȝit algate or at þe lest[e] wey. it is certeyne þing þat þe e{n}dys {and} þe bitydynges of þinges to come{n} sholde ben necessarie. ¶ For euery sygne sheweþ {and} signifieþ oonly what þe þing is ¶ but it ne makiþ nat þe þing þat it signifieþ. ¶ For whiche it byhoueþ firste to shewen þat no þing ne bitidiþ [þ{a}t it ne bytydith] by necessite. so þat it may apere þ{a}t þe p{re}scie{n}ce is signe of þis necessite ¶ or ellys yif þere nere no necessite. certys þilke p{re}science ne myȝt[e] nat ben signe of þinge þat nis nat. ¶ But certys it is nowe certeyne þat þe preue of þis susteniþ by stedfast resou{n} ne shal nat ben ladd ne p{ro}ued by signes ne by argumentys ytaken fro wiþ oute. but by causes couenable {and} necessarie ¶ But þou mayst sein how may it be þat þe þinges ne bitiden nat þat ben ypurueyed to comen. but certys ryȝt as we trowen þat þo þinges whiche þat þe p{ur}ueau{n}ce woot byforn to comen. ne ben nat to bitiden. but [þ{a}t] ne sholde we nat demen. but raþer al þouȝ [þat] þei schal bitiden. ȝit ne haue þei no necessite of hire kynde to bitiden. {and} þis maist þou lyȝtly ap{er}ceyue{n} by þis þat I shal seyn. but we seen many þinges whan þei ben don byforn oure eyen ryȝt as men seen þe karter worken in þe to{ur}nynge {and} in attempryng or in adressy{n}g of hys kartes or chariottes. ¶ and by þis manere as who seiþ mayst þou vnd{er}sto{n}de of alle manere oþir werkeme{n}. ¶ Is þere þanne any necessite as who seiþ in oure lokynge [þ{a}t] constreineþ or compelliþ any of þilke þinges to ben don so. b. nay q{uo}d I ¶ For in ydel {and} in veyne were alle þe effect of crafte yif þat alle þinges weren moeued by constreynynge. þat is to seyn by constreynynge of oure eyen or of oure syȝt. _P._ þise þi{n}g{us} þan q{uo}d she þat whan men don hem ne han non necessite þat men don hem. eke þo same þinges first or þei be don. þei ben to comen wiþ out necessite. for whi þer ben so{m}me þinges to bytide of whiche þe endys {and} þe bitidynges of hem ben absolut {and} quit of alle necessite. for certys I ne trowe nat þat any man wolde seyn þis. þat þo þinges þat men don now þ{a}t þei ne weren to bitiden. first or þei were ydon ¶ and þilk same þinges al þouȝ þ{a}t men hadde{n} ywyst hem by-forn. ȝitte þei han fre bitidynges. for ryȝt as science of þinges p{re}sent ne bryngeþ in no necessite to þinges [þ{a}t men doon // Ryht so the p{re}science of thinges to comen ne bryngeth in no necessite to thinges] to bytiden but þou mayst seyn þat of þilke same it is ydouted. as wheþer þat of þilke þinges þat ne han non endes {and} bytidynges necessaryes yif þer-of may ben any p{re}science ¶ For certys þei seme to discorde. for þou wenest þat yif þat þinges ben yseyn byforn þat necessite folweþ hem. and yif ({et} putas) necessite faileþ hem þei ne myȝten nat ben wist byforn. {and} þat no þinge ne may ben comp{re}hendid by science but certeyne. {and} yif þo þinges þat ne han no certeyne bytidynges ben ypurueied as certeyn. it sholde ben dirkenesse of oppiniou{n} nat soþefastnesse of science [{and} þ{o}u weenyst þ{a}t it be diu{er}se fro the hoolnesse of science / þ{a}t any man sholde deme a thing to ben oother weys thanne it is it self]. and þe cause of þis errour is. þat of alle þe þinges þat euery wyȝt haþ yknowe. þei wenen þat þo þinges ben y-knowe al oonly by þe strengþe {and} by þe nature of þe þinges þat ben ywyst or yknowe. {and} it is al þe contrarie. for alle þat eu{er}e is yknowe. it is raþer comp{re}hendid {and} yknowe{n} nat after his strengeþ {and} hys nature. but after þe faculte þat is to seyn þe power {and} [the] nature of hem þat knowen. {and} for þat þis shal mowe shewen by a short ensample þe same roundenes of a body .O. oþer weyes þe syȝt of þe eye knoweþ it. {and} oþer weyes þe touchi{n}g. þe lokynge by castynge of his bemes waiteþ {and} seeþ fro afer alle þe body to-gider wiþ oute mouynge of it self. but þe touchinge cliuiþ {and} conioigneþ to þe rounde body (orbi) {and} moueþ abouten þe environynge. {and} comp{re}hendiþ by p{ar}ties þe roundenesse. ¶ and þe man hym self oþer weies wyt byholdiþ hym. {and} oþ{er}weyes ymaginac{i}ou{n} {and} oþer weyes resou{n}. {and} oþer weyes intelligence. ¶ For þe wit co{m}p{re}he{n}diþ fro wiþ outen furþe þe figure of þe body of þe man. þat is establissed in þe matere subiect. But þe ymaginac{i}ou{n} [comp{re}hendith only the figur{e} w{i}t{h} owte the mater{e} / Resou{n} surmou{n}teth ymaginaciou{n}] {and} co{m}p{re}hendeþ by an vniuersel lokynge þe co{mmun}e spece (sp{eci}em) þat is in þe singuler peces. ¶ But þe eye of intelligence is heyȝer for it so{ur}mou{n}teþ þe envirounynge of þe vniu{er}site {and} lookeþ ouer þat by pure subtilite of þouȝt. þilk same symple forme of man þat is p{er}durably in þe deuyne þouȝt. in whiche þis auȝt[e] gretely to ben considered þat þe heyest strengþe to co{m}prehenden þinges enbraceþ {and} conteyneþ þe lower[e] strengþe [but the lower{e} strengthe ne arysith nat in no maner{e} to heyer{e} strengthe]. for wit ne may no þinge co{m}p{re}hende oute of matere. ne þe ymagynac{i}ou{n} ne lokeþ nat þe vniuerseles speces. ne resou{n} ne takeþ nat þe symple forme. so as i{n}telligence takeþ it. but þe intelligence þat lokeþ al abouen whan it haþ co{m}p{re}hendid þe forme it knoweþ {and} demeþ alle þe þinges þat be{n} vndir þat forme. but she knoweþ he{m} vndir þilke manere in þe whiche it comp{re}hendiþ þilke same symple forme þat ne may neuer be knowen to non of þat oþer. þat is to seyn to non of þo þre forseide strengþes of þe soule. for it knoweþ þe vniuersite of resou{n} {and} þe figure of þe ymaginac{i}ou{n}. {and} þe sensible mat{er}ial conseiued. {and} þou wenest þ{a}t it be diuerse fro þe hoolnesse of science. þat any man sholde deme a þing to ben oþ{er}weyes þan it is it self {and} þe cause of þis erro{ur} {et}c’. {vt sup}ra. by wit. ne it ne vseþ nat nor of resou{n} ne of ymaginac{i}ou{n} ne of wit wiþ oute forþe but it byholdeþ alle þinges so as I shal seye. by a strok of þouȝt formely wiþ oute disco{ur}s or collac{i}ou{n} ¶ Certys resou{n} whan it lokeþ any þing vniu{er}sel it ne vseþ nat of ymaginac{i}ou{n} nor of wit {and} algates ȝit [it] co{m}prendiþ þe þinges ymaginable {and} sensible. for resou{n} is she þat diffinisseþ þe vniuersel of hir conseite ryȝt þus. ¶ Man is a resonable t[w]o-footid beest. and how so þat þis knowynge [is] vniuersel. ȝit nys þer no wyȝt þat ne woot wel. þat a ma{n} is [a thing] ymaginable {and} sensible ¶ and þis same co{n}sidereþ wel resou{n}. but þat nis nat by ymaginac{i}ou{n}. nor by witte. but it lokiþ it by [a] resonable concepc{i}ou{n}. ¶ Also ymaginac{i}ou{n} al be it so. þat it takeþ of wit þe bygyny{n}g{us} to seen {and} to formen þe figures. algates al þouȝ þat wit ne ware not p{re}sent. ȝit it envirouniþ {and} co{m}p{re}hendiþ alle þinges sensible. nat by resou{n} sensible of demynge. but by resou{n} ymaginatif. ¶ sest þou nat þan þat alle þe þinges in knowynge vsen more of hir faculte or of hir power. þan þei don of [the] faculte or of power of þinges þat ben yknowen. ne þat nis no wronge. for so as euery iugement is þe dede or þe doynge of hym þat demeþ. It byhoueþ þat euery wyȝt p{er}forme þe werke {and} hys entenc{i}ou{n} nat of forein power[;] but of hys propre power.

QUONDAM PORTICUS ATTULIT.

[Sidenote: [The 4^the Met{ur}.]]

++ÞE porche þat is to sein a gate of þe toune of athenis þer as philosophres hadde hir congregac{i}ou{n} to dispoyten. {and} þilke porche brouȝt[e] so{m}tyme olde men ful derke in hire sentences. þ{a}t is to sein philosophers þat hyȝten stoiciens. þat wenden þat ymages [{and}] sensibilites þat is to sein sensible ymaginac{i}ou{n}s. or ellys ymaginac{i}ou{n} of sensible þinges were{n} i{n}p{re}ntid in to soules fro bodies wiþ oute forþe. ¶ As who seiþ þat þilke stoiciens wenden þ{a}t þe soule hadde ben naked of it self. as a mirour or a clene p{ar}chemyn. so þat alle fygures mosten [fyrst] comen fro þinges fro wiþ oute in to soules. {and} ben inp{re}ntid in to soules. _Textus._ Ryȝt as we ben wont some tyme by a swift poyntel to ficchen l{ett}res emp{re}ntid in þe smoþenesse or in þe plainesse of þe table of wex. or in p{ar}chemyn þat ne haþ no figure [ne] note in it. _Glosa._ But now arguiþ boece aȝeins þat oppiniou{n} {and} seiþ þus. but yif þe þriuyng soule ne vnplitiþ no þing. þat is to sein ne doþ no þing by hys p{ro}pre moeuynges. but suffriþ {and} lieþ subgit to þe figures {and} to þe notes of bodyes wiþ oute forþe. {and} ȝeldeþ ymages ydel {and} veyne in þe manere of a mirour. whennes þriueþ þan or whennes comeþ þan þilke knowyng in oure soule. þat discerniþ {and} byholdeþ alle þinges. and whennes is þilke strengþe þat byholdeþ þe syngulere þinges. or whennes is þe strengþe þat dyuydeþ þinges yknowe. {and} þilke stre{n}gþe þat gadereþ to-gidre þe þinges deuided. {and} þe strengþe þat cheseþ hys entrechau{n}ged wey for som tyme it heueþ vp þe heued. þat is to sein þat it heueþ vp þe ente{n}c{i}ou{n} to ryȝt heye þinges. {and} som tyme it discendiþ in to ryȝt lowe þinges. {and} whan it retourniþ in to hym self. it rep{re}uiþ {and} destroieþ þe false þinges by þe trewe þinges. ¶ Certys þis strengþe is cause more efficient {and} mochel more myȝty to seen {and} to knowe þinges. þan þilke cause þat suffriþ and resceyueþ þe notes {and} þe figures inp{re}ssed in manere of matere algates þe passiou{n} þat is to seyn þe suffraunce or þe wit i{n} þe quik[e] body goþ byforne excitynge {and} moeuyng þe strengþes of þe þouȝte. ryȝt so as whan þat clerenesse smyteþ þe eyen {and} moeuiþ hem to seen. or ryȝt so as voys or soune hurtliþ to þe eres {and} co{m}moeuiþ hem to herkne. þan is þe stre{n}gþe of þe þouȝt ymoeuid {and} excitid {and} clepeþ furþe þe semblable moeuynges þe speces þat it halt wiþ i{n}ne it self. {and} addiþ þo speces to þe notes {and} to þe þinges wiþ out forþe. {and} medeleþ þe ymages of þinges wiþ out forþe to þe forme[s] yhid wiþ i{n}ne hym self.

Q{UO}D SI IN CORPORIB{US} SENCIEND{IS}.

QUESTIO.

[Sidenote: [The .5.^the p{ro}se.]]

++But what [yif] þat in bodies to be{n} feelid þat is to sein in þe takynge of knowelechinge of bodyly þinges. and al be it so þat þe qualites of bodies þ{a}t ben obiect fro wiþ oute forþe moeuen {and} entalenten þe instrumentes of þe wittes. and al be it so þat þe passiou{n} of þe body þat is to seyn þe witte [or the] suffrau{n}ce [goth to-forn the strengthe of the workynge corage / the which passiou{n} or suffraunce] clepiþ furþe þe dede of þe þouȝt in hym self. {and} moeueþ {and} exiteþ in þis mene while þe formes þ{a}t resten wiþ in forþe. and yif þat i{n} sensible bodies as I haue seid oure corage nis nat ytauȝt or enp{re}ntid by passiou{n} to knowe þise þinges. but demiþ {and} knoweþ of hys owen strengþe þe passiou{n} or suffrau{n}ce subiect to þe body. Moche more þan þoo þinges þat ben absolut {and} quit fram alle talentȝ or affecc{i}ou{n}s of bodies. as god or hys aungels ne folwen nat in discernynge þinges obiect from wiþ oute forþe. but þei accomplissen {and} speden þe dede of hir þouȝt by þis resou{n}. ¶ þan þere comen many manere knowynges to dyu{er}se {and} differy{n}g substaunces. for þe wit of þe body þe whiche witte is naked {and} despoyled of alle oþer knowynges. þilke witte comeþ to bestes þat ne mowen nat moeuen hem self here ne þere. as oystres {and} muscles {and} oþer swiche shelle fysshe of þe see. þ{a}t cliue{n} {and} ben norissed to roches. but þe ymaginac{i}ou{n} comeþ to remuable bestes þat seme{n} to han talent to fleen or to desiren any þinge. but resou{n} is al only to þe lynage of mankynde ryȝt as i{n}telligence is oonly þe deuyne nature. of whiche it folweþ þat þilke knowyng is more worþe þan [th]is[e] oþer. syn it knoweþ by hys p{ro}pre nature nat only hys subiect. as who seiþ it ne knoweþ nat al oonly þat app{er}teiniþ p{ro}prely to hys knowynge. but it knoweþ þe subgitȝ of alle oþer knowynges. but how shal it þan be yif þat wit {and} ymaginac{i}ou{n} stryuen aȝeins resonynge {and} sein þat of þilke vniuersel þinges. þat resou{n} weneþ to seen þat it nis ryȝt nauȝt. for wit {and} ymaginac{i}ou{n} seyn þat þat. þat is sensible or ymaginable it ne may nat ben vniuersel. þan is eiþer þe iugement of resou{n} [soth]. ne þat þer nis no þinge sensible. or ellys for þat resou{n} woot wel þat many þinges ben subiect to wit {and} to ymaginac{i}ou{n}. þan is þe co{n}sepc{i}ou{n} of resou{n} veyn {and} fals whiche þat lookeþ {and} co{m}p{re}hendiþ. þat þat is sensible {and} synguler as uniuersele. and ȝif þat resou{n} wolde answeren aȝein to þise two þat is to sein to wit {and} to ymaginac{i}ou{n}. {and} sein þat soþely she hir self. þat is to seyn þat resou{n} lokeþ {and} comp{re}hendiþ by resou{n} of vniuersalite. boþe þat þat is sensible {and} þat þat is ymaginable. {and} þat þilke two þat is to seyn wit {and} ymaginac{i}ou{n} ne mowe{n} nat strecchen ne enhaunsen hem self to knowynge of vniuersalite for þat þe knowy{n}g of hem ne may exceden nor so{ur}mou{n}te{n} þe bodyly figure[s] ¶ Certys of þe knowyng of þinges men auȝten raþer ȝeue credence to þe more stedfast {and} to þe more p{er}fit iugement. In þis manere stryuynge þan we þat han strengþe of resonynge {and} of ymaginynge {and} of wit þat is to seyn by resou{n} {and} by ymaginac{i}ou{n} {and} by wit. [{and}] we sholde raþer p{re}ise þe cause of resou{n}. as who seiþ þan þe cause of wit or ymaginac{i}ou{n}. semblable þinge is it þat þe resou{n} of mankynde ne weneþ nat þat þe deuyne intelligence byholdeþ or knoweþ þinges to comen. but ryȝt as þe resou{n} of mankynde knoweþ hem. for þou arguist {and} seist þus. þat yif it ne seme nat to men þat so{m}me þinges han certeyne {and} necessarie bytidynges. þei ne mowen nat ben wist byforn certeynely to bytiden. þa{n} nis [ther] no p{re}science of þilke þinges. {and} yif we trowen þat p{re}science ben in þise þinges. þan is þer no þinge þat it ne bitidiþ by necessite. but certys yif we myȝte{n} han þe iugeme{n}t of þe deuyne þouȝt as we ben p{ar}son{er}s of resou{n}. ryȝt so as we han demed. it byhoueþ þat ymaginac{i}ou{n} {and} wit ben byneþe resou{n}. ryȝt so wolde we deme{n} þat it were ryȝtful þing þat ma{n}s resou{n} auȝt[e] to su{m}mitten it self {and} to ben byneþe þe deuyne þouȝt. for whiche þat yif we mowen. as who seiþ. þat yif þat we mowe{n} I conseil[e] þat we enhanse vs in to þe heyȝt of þilke souereyne i{n}telligence. for þere shal resou{n} wel seen þat þat it ne may nat by-holden in it self. and certys þat is þis in what manere þe p{re}science of god seeþ alle þinges c{er}teins {and} difinissed al þouȝ þei ne han no certein issues or by-tydynges. ne þis is non oppiniou{n} but it is raþer þe simplicite of þe souereyn science þat nis nat enclosed nor yshet wiþi{n}ne no boundes.

QUAM UARIIS FIGURIS.

[Sidenote: [The 5^the Met{ur}.]]

++ÞE bestes passen by þe erþes by ful dyuerse figures for so{m}me of hem han hir bodies strauȝt {and} crepe{n} in þe dust {and} drawen after he{m} a t{ra}is or a forghe contynued. þat is to sein as addres or snakes. and oþer bestes by [the] wandryng lyȝtnesse of hir wenges beten þe wyndes {and} ouer-swymme{n} þe spaces of þe longe eyer by moist flee[y]nge. and oþer bestes gladen hem to diggen her traas or her stappes i{n} þe erþe wiþ hir goynge or wiþ her feet. or to gone eyþe[r] by þe grene feldes or [elles] to walken vnder þe wodes. {and} al be it so þ{a}t þou seest þat þei alle discorden by dyuerse formes. algate hir{e} [faces] enclini[n]g heuieþ hir{e} dulle wittes. Onlyche þe lynage of man heueþ heyest hys heyȝe heued {and} stondeþ lyȝt wiþ hys vpryȝt body {and} byholdeþ þe erþe vndir hym. [and] but-ȝif þou erþely man wexest yuel oute of þi witte. þis figure amonesteþ þe þ{a}t axest þe heuene wiþ þi ryȝt[e] visage. {and} hast areised þi forhede to beren vp on heye þi corage so þat þi þouȝt ne be nat yheuied ne put lowe vndir foot. sen þat þi body is so heye areised.

PR{O}SA VLTI{M}A.

QUONIA{M} IGITUR UTI PAULO ANTE.

[Sidenote: [The 6^te p{ro}se {and} the laste.]]

++ÞEr-fore þan as I haue shewed a litel her byforne þat al þinge þat is ywist nis nat knowen by hys nature p{ro}pre. but by þe nature of he{m} þat comp{re}henden it. ¶ Lat vs loke now in as moche as it is leueful to vs. as who seiþ lat vs loken now as we mowen whiche þ{a}t þe estat is of þe deuyne substaunce so þat we mowen [ek] knowen what his science is. þe comune iugement of alle creatures resonables þan is þis þat god is eterne. lat vs considere þa{n} what is et{er}nite. For certys þat shal shewen vs to-gidre þe deuyne nature {and} þe deuyne science ¶ Eternite þan is p{er}fit possessiou{n} {and} al togidre of lijf interminable {and} þat sheweþ more clerely by þe co{m}parisou{n} or collac{i}ou{n} of temp{or}el þinges. for al þing þat lyueþ in tyme it is p{re}sent {and} p{ro}cediþ fro preteritȝ in to fut{ur}es. þat is to sein. fro tyme passed in to tyme comynge. ne þer nis no þing establissed i{n} tyme þat may enbracen to-gidre al þe space of hys lijf. for certys ȝit ne haþ it nat taken þe tyme of þe morwe. {and} it haþ lost þat of ȝister-day. and certys in þe lijf of þis day ȝe ne lyuen no more but ryȝt as in þis moeueable {and} t{ra}nsitorie moment. þan þilke þinge þat suffriþ temp{or}el condic{i}ou{n}. a[l]þough{e} þat [it] bygan neuer to be. ne þough{e} it neu{er}e cese forto be. as aristotle demde of þe worlde. and al þouȝ þat þe lif of it be strecchid wiþ infinite of tyme. ȝit algates nis it no swiche þing þat men myȝten trowen by ryȝt þat it is eterne. for al þouȝ þat it comp{re}hende {and} embrace þe space of life infinite. ȝit algates ne [em]braceþ it nat þe space of þe lif alto-gidre. for it ne haþ nat þe fut{ur}es þat ne ben nat ȝit. ne it ne haþ no lenger þe p{re}t{er}itȝ þat ben ydon or ypassed. but þilke þing þan þat haþ {and} co{m}prehendiþ to-gidre alle þe plente of þe lif i{n}terminable. to whom þere ne failiþ nat of þe fut{ur}e. {and} to whom þer nis nat of þe p{re}t{er}it escapid nor ypassed. þilk[e] same is ywitnessed or yproued by ryȝt to ben eterne. and it byhoueþ by necessite þat þilke þinge be alwey p{re}sent to hym self {and} co{m}potent. as who seiþ alwey p{re}sent to hym self {and} so myȝty þat al by ryȝt at hys plesaunce. {and} þ{a}t he haue al p{re}sent þe infinit of þe moeuable tyme. wherfore som men trowe{n} wrongefully þat whan þei heren þat it semid[e] to plato þat þis worlde ne had[de] neuer bygynnynge of tyme. ne þat it neu{er}e shal haue faylynge. þei wenen i{n} þis man{er}e þat þis worlde ben maked coet{er}ne wiþ his makere. as who seiþ. þei wenen þat þis worlde {and} god ben maked to-gidre eterne. and it is a wrongful wenynge. for oþer þing is it to ben yladd by lif interminable as plato graunted[e] to þe worlde. {and} oþer þing is it to embracen to-gidre alle þe p{re}sence to þe lif interminable. þe whiche þing it is clere {and} manifest þat it is p{ro}pre to þe deuine þouȝt. ne it ne sholde nat semen to vs þat god is elder þan þinges þat ben ymaked by quantite of tyme. but raþer by þe p{ro}prete of hys symple nature. for þis ilke infinit[e] moeuyng of temp{or}el þinges folwiþ þis p{re}sentarie estat of þe lijf i{n}moeueable. {and} so as it ne may nat contrefeten it ne feyne{n} it ne ben euene lyke to it. for þe inmoeueablete. þat is to seyn þat is i{n} þe eternite of god. ¶ it faileþ {and} falleþ in to moeuynge fro þe simplicite of [the] p{re}sence of god. {and} disencresiþ to þe infinite quantite of fut{ur}e {and} of p{re}terit. {and} so as it ne may nat han togidre al þe plente of þe lif. algates ȝitte for as moche as it ne cesiþ neuere forto ben in som manere it semeþ somde[l] to vs þat it folwiþ {and} resembliþ þilke þing þ{a}t it ne may nat attayne to. ne fulfille. {and} byndeþ it self to som manere p{re}sence of þis litel {and} swifte moment. þe whiche p{re}sence of þis lytele {and} swifte moment. for þat it bereþ a manere ymage or lykenesse of þe ay dwellynge p{re}sence of god. it graunteþ to swiche manere þinges as it bitidiþ to þat it semeþ hem þat þise þinges han ben {and} ben {and} for [þ{a}t] þe p{re}sence of swiche litel moment ne may nat dwelle þer-for [it] rauyssid[e] {and} took þe infinit[e] wey of tyme. þat is to seyn by successiou{n}. {and} by þis man{er}e it is ydon. for þat it sholde continue þe lif in goynge of þe whiche lif it ne myȝt[e] nat embrace þe plente in dwellynge. {and} for þi yif we willen putte worþi name[s] to þinges {and} folwen plato. lat vs seyn þa{n} soþely þat god is et{er}ne. {and} þat þe worlde is p{er}petuel. þan syn þat euery iugeme{n}t knoweþ {and} comp{re}hendiþ by hys owen nature þinges þat ben subiect vnto hym. þere is soþely al-wey to god an et{er}ne {and} p{re}sentarie estat. {and} þe science of hym þat ouer-passeþ alle temp{or}el moe[ue]m{en}t dwelliþ in þe symplicite of hys p{re}sence {and} embraceþ {and} considereþ alle þe infinit spaces of tymes p{re}teritȝ {and} fut{ur}es {and} lokeþ in þis symple knowynge alle þinges of p{re}t{er}it ryȝt as þei weren ydoon p{re}sently ryȝt now ¶ yif þou wolt þan þenke {and} avise{n} þe p{re}science by whiche it knoweþ al[le] þi{n}ges þou ne shalt nat demen it as p{re}science of þinges to comen. but þou shalt deme{n} [it] more ryȝtfully þat it is science of presence or of instaunce þat neuer ne fayleþ. for whiche it nis nat ycleped p{ro}uidence but it sholde raþer be cleped purueaunce þat is establissed ful fer fro ryȝt lowe þinges. {and} byholdeþ from a-fer alle þinges ryȝt as it were fro þe heye heyȝte of þinges. whi axest þou þan or why disputest þou þan þat þilke þinges ben don by necessite whiche þat ben yseyen {and} yknowen by þe deuyne syȝt. syn þat for soþe men ne maken nat þilke þi{n}ges necessarie. whiche þat þe[i] seen be ydoon in hir{e} syȝt. for addiþ þi byholdynge any necessite to þilke þinges þat þou byholdest p{re}sent. ¶ Nay q{uo}d I. _p._ Certys þan yif men myȝte maken any digne comparisou{n} or collac{i}ou{n} of þe p{re}sence diuine. {and} of þe p{re}sence of mankynde. ryȝt so as ȝe seen so{m}me þinges in þis temp{or}el presente. ryȝt so seeþ god alle þinges by hys eterne p{re}sent. ¶ wherfore þis dyuyne p{re}science ne chaungeþ nat þe nature ne þe p{ro}prete of þinges but byholdeþ swyche þinges present to hym ward. as þei shollen bytiden to ȝow ward in tyme to come. ne it ne co{n}foundeþ nat þe Iugementȝ of þinges but by of syȝt of hys þouȝt he knoweþ þe þinges to comen as wel necessarie as nat necessarie. ryȝt so as whan ȝe seen togidre a man walke on þe erþe {and} þe sonne arysen in [the] heuene. al be it so þat ȝe seen {and} byholde{n} þat oon {and} þat oþer to-gidre. ȝit naþeles ȝe demen {and} discerne þat þat oon is uolu{n}tarie {and} þat oþer is necessarie. ¶ Ryȝt so þan [the] deuyne lokynge byholdynge alle þi{n}ges vndir hym ne troubleþ nat þe qualite of þinges þat ben certeynely p{re}sent to hy{m} ward. but as to þe condic{i}ou{n} of tyme for soþe þei ben fut{ur}e. for whiche it folwiþ þat þis nis non oppiniou{n}. but raþer a stedfast knowyng ystrengeþed by soþenes. þat whan þat god knoweþ any þinge to be he ne vnwoot nat þat þilke þinge wanteþ necessite to be. þis is to seyn þat whan þat god knoweþ any þinge to bitide. he woot wel þat it ne haþ no necessite to bitide. {and} yif þ{o}u seist here þat þilke þinge þat god seeþ to bytide it ne may nat vnbytide. as who seiþ it mot bitide. ¶ and þilke þinge þat þat ne may nat vnbytide it mot bitide by necessite. and þat þou streine me to þis name of necessite. certys I wol wel confessen {and} byknowe a þinge of ful sadde trouþe. but vnneþ shal þere any wyȝt [mowe] seen it or comen þer-to. but yif þat he be byholder of þe deuyne þouȝte. ¶ for I wol answer{e} þe þus. þat þilke þinge þat is future whan it is referred to þe deuyne knowy{n}g þan is it necessarie. but certys whan it is vndirstonden in hys owen kynde me{n} sen it [is] vtterly fre {and} absolut from alle necessite. for certys þer ben two maneres of necessites. þat oon necessite is symple as þus. þat it byhoueþ by necessite þat alle men be mortal or dedely. an oþ{er} necessite is condicionel as þus. yif þou wost þat a man walkiþ. it byhoueþ by necessite þat he walke. þilke þinge þan þat any wyȝt haþ yknowe to be. it ne may ben non oþer weyes þan he knoweþ it to be. ¶ but þis condicioun ne draweþ nat wiþ hir þilke necessite symple. For certys þis necessite condicionel. þe p{ro}pre nature of it ne makeþ it nauȝt. but þe adiecc{i}ou{n} of þe condic{i}ou{n} makiþ it. for no necessite ne constreyneþ a man to [gon / þ{a}t] gooþ by his p{ro}pre wille. al be it so þat whan he gooþ þat it is necessarie þat he gooþ. þan mot þilke þinge be by necessite. al þouȝ þat it ne haue no necessite of hys owen nature. ¶ Ryȝt on þis same manere þan. yif þat þe p{ur}ueaunce of god seeþ any þing p{re}sent. but certys þe fut{ur}es þat bytyden by fredom of arbitre god seeþ hem alle to-gidre p{re}sentȝ. þise þinges þan [yif] þei ben referred to þe deuyne syȝt. þan ben þei maked necessarie to þe condic{i}ou{n} of þe deuyne knowynge. but certys yif þilke þinges ben considred by hem self þei ben absolut of necessite. {and} ne forleten nat ne cesen nat of þe liberte of hire owe{n} natur{e}. þan certys wiþ outen doute alle þe þing{us} shollen be doon whiche þat god woot by-forn þat þei ben to comen. but so{m}me of hem comen {and} bitiden of [free] arbitre or of fre wille. þat al be it so þat þei bytiden. ȝit algates ne lese þei nat hire p{ro}pre nature ne beynge. by þe whiche first or þat þei were doon þei hadden power nat to han bitidd. _Boece._ what is þis to seyn þa{n} q{uo}d I. þat þinges ne ben nat necessarie by hire p{ro}pre nature. so as þei comen in alle maneres in þe lykenesse of necessite by þe condic{i}ou{n} of þe deuyne science. {Ph}ilosoph{ie}. þis is þe difference q{uo}d she. þat þo þinges þat I p{ur}posed[e] þe a litel here byforn. þat is to seyn þe sonne arysynge {and} þe man walkynge þat þerwhiles þat þilke þinges ben ydon. þei ne myȝten nat ben vndon. naþeles þat oon of hem or it was ydon it byhoued[e] by necessite þat it was ydon. but nat þat oþ{er}. ryȝt so it is here þat þe þinges þat god haþ p{re}sent. wiþ outen doute þei shulle ben. but so{m}me of hem descendiþ of þe nature of þinges as þe sonne arysynge. {and} so{m}me descendiþ of þe power of þe doers as þe man walkynge. ¶ þan seide I. no wronge þat yif þat þise þinges ben referred to þe deuyne knowynge þan ben þei necessarie. {and} yif þei ben considered by he{m} selfe þan ben þei absolut from þe bonde of necessite. ryȝt so [as] alle þinges þat appiereþ or sheweþ to þe wittes yif þou referre it to resou{n} it is vniuersel. {and} yif þou referre it or look[e] it to it self. þan is it sy{n}guler. but now yif þou seist þus þ{a}t yif it be in my power to chaunge my p{ur}pose. þan shal I voide þe p{ur}ueaunce of god. whan þat p{er}auenture I shal han chau{n}ged þo þinges þat he knoweþ byforn. þan shal I answere þe þus ¶ Certys þou maist wel chaungen þi p{ur}pos but for as mochel as þe p{re}sent soþenesse of þe deuyne p{ur}ueaunce byholdeþ þat þou mayst chau{n}ge{n} þi p{ur}pose. {and} wheþir þou wolt chaunge it or no. {and} whider-ward þat þou tourne it. þ{o}u maist nat eschewen þe deuyne p{re}science ryȝt as þou ne mayst nat fleen þe syȝt of þe p{re}sent eye. al þouȝ þat þou tourne þi self by þi fre wille in to dyu{er}se acc{i}ou{n}. ¶ But þou mayst seyn aȝeyne how shal it þan be. shal nat þe dyuyne science ben chaunged by my disposic{i}ou{n} whan þat I wol o þing now {and} now an oþer. {and} þilke p{re}science ne semeþ it nat to enterchau{n}ge stoundes of knowynges. as who seiþ. ne shal it nat seme to vs þat þe deuyne p{re}science enterchaungeþ hys dyuers stoundes of knowynge. so þat it knowe so{m}me tyme o þing {and} so{m}me tyme þe contrarie. ¶ No for soþe. [q{uod} I] for þe deuyne syȝt renneþ to-forne {and} seeþ alle fut{ur}es {and} clepeþ hem aȝein {and} reto{ur}niþ hem to þe p{re}sence of hys p{ro}pre knowynge. ne he ne entrechaungeþ nat [so] as þou wenest þe stoundes of forknowyng [as] now þis now þat. but he ay dwellynge comiþ byforn {and} enbraceþ at o strook alle þi mutac{i}ou{n}s. and þis p{re}sence to co{m}p{re}henden {and} to sen alle þinges. god ne haþ nat take{n} it of þe bitydynge of þinges forto come. but of hys p{ro}pre symplicite. ¶ and her by is assoiled þilke þing þat þou puttest a litel her byforne. þat is to seyne þat it is vnworþi þinge to seyn þat oure futures ȝeuen cause of þe science of god ¶ For c{er}tys þis strengþe of þe deuyne science whiche þat enbraceþ alle þinge by his p{re}sentarie knowynge establisseþ manere to alle þi{n}g{us} {and} it ne awiþ nat to lattere þinges. {and} syn þat þise þinges ben þus. þat is to seyn syn þat necessite nis nat in þinges by þe deuyne p{re}science. þan is þer fredom of arbitre. þat dwelleþ hool {and} vnwemmed to mortal men. ne þe lawes ne p{ur}pose nat wikkedly meedes {and} peynes to þe willynges of men þat ben vnbounde {and} quit of alle necessite. ¶ And god byholder {and} forwiter of alle þinges dwelliþ aboue {and} þe p{re}sent eternite of hys syȝt renneþ alwey wiþ þe dyuerse qualite of oure dedes dispe{n}syng {and} ordeynynge medes to good[e] men. {and} tourmentȝ to wicked men. ne in ydel ne i{n} veyn ne ben þer nat put in god hope {and} p{ra}yeres. þat ne mowen nat ben vnspedful ne wiþ oute effect whan þei ben ryȝtful ¶ wiþstond þan {and} eschewe þou vices. worshippe {and} loue þou vertus. areise þi corage to ryȝtful hoopes. ȝelde þou humble p{re}iers an heyȝe. grete necessite of prowesse {and} vertue is encharged {and} comaunded to ȝow yif ȝe nil nat dissimulen. ¶ Syn þat ȝe worchen {and} doon. þat is to seyn ȝoure dedes {and} ȝoure workes by-fore þe eyen of þe Iuge þat seeþ {and} demeþ alle þinges. [To whom be goye {and} worshipe bi Infynyt tymes / AMEN.]

EXPLICIT LIBER QUINTUS. {ET} VLTIM{US}.

* * * *
* * * * *

GLOSSARIAL INDEX.

[[Pages 180-184 are the Appendix and _Balades_, each with separate
line numbering.]]

ABAIST = ABYEST, sufferest, endurest, 39/1014
ABAIST, abashed, 107/3047
ABASSEN, to be abashed, dismayed, 146/4213
ABESID (= ABAYSSHED), abashed, 7/92
ABIDE, to await, 7/93.
‘ABIDE after’ = look after, expect, 13/250;
_p.p._ Abiden, waited, 86/2405
Abieþ, suffers, 109/3101
ABLYNGE, enabling, fitting (_aptans_), 26/624, 88/2440
Abood, abode, 63/1716
Aboven, above, 6/52
Abreggynge, curtailing; hence _gain_ obtained by curtailment
(_compendium_), 151/4355
Accoie, to soothe, quiet (_demulcere_), 38/967
Accordaunce, agreement, 143/4134
Accordaunt, agreeing, unanimous, 19/431
Accorde, to agree, 42/1080
Accoumpte, account, 47/1251
Accountyng, calculation, 8/110
Achat, purchase, 15/310
Acheve, to achieve, accomplish, 18/404
Achoken, to choke, 47/1235
Acomplise, Acomplisse, to accomplish, 92/2575, 118/3356
Acordable, agreeing, 62/1694
Acusor, informer, 72/1990
Addre (Nadre), adder, 170/4959
Adoune, down, downward, 7/92
Adounward, downwards, 7/87
Adrad, in fear, afraid, 43/1132
Adresse, to direct, control, 163/4721
Afer, afar, 164/4767
Agast, aghast, frightened, 76/2107
Agaste, to terrify, frighten, 141/4051
Agon, ago, 70/1907
Agreableté, goodwill, 42/1099
Agrisen, to be afraid, dread, 10/178, 31/777
Ajuge, to adjudge, 15/325
Aknowe, acknowledged, 17/367
Aldirmost, most of all, 124/3557
Algates, Algate, yet, nevertheless, 19/439, 68/1849, 81/2242,
162/4696, 4698
Allegge, to alleviate, 124/3529
Alouterly, utterly, entirely, 109/3090
Alþerfairest, fairest of all, 87/2422
Alþerfirst, first of all, 10/180
Alþermoste, most of all, 158/4563
Alþerworste, worst of all, 157/4562
Alyene, to alienate, 27/671
Amenuse, to lessen, diminish, 19/426, 40/1039
Amenusynge, diminution, 46/1192
Ameve, Amoeve, Amove, to move, 6/64, 23/551
Amoneste, to admonish, 171/4971
Amonestyng, admonition, exhortation, 149/4296
Amongus, amongst, 52/1380
Amonicioun, admonition, 13/253
Amynistre, to administer, 135/3891
Ancre, anchor, 41/1050
Angre, grief, misery, 41/1072
Anguisse, Angysse, anguish, 79/2177;
to torment, 80/2198
Anguissous, anxious, sorrowful, 41/1062, 1066
Anoie, to be grieved, be sorry, 41/1058
Anoienge, 22/532
Anoies, hurtful, 47/1238
Anoious, annoying, hurtful, 7/102
An-oone, anon, 42/1086
Anoyously, dangerously, hurtfully, 80/2214
Apaise, to appease, 148/4278
Apasse, to pass away, go, 46/1195
Aperceive, to perceive, 16/344, 134/3845
Apertly, plainly, 17/386, 91/2543
Appaie, to please, satisfy, 47/1235
Appaire, to impair, 25/597
Apparaile, to clothe, adorn, 8/116
Apparaillement, clothing, ornament, 49/1300
Appertiene, to appertain, 73/1996
Applien, bend to, join, 161/4660
Apresse, to oppress, 184/60
Aprochen, to approach, 6/63, 66
Arace, Arase, Arrace, to tear, tear from, separate, 11/196, 27/671,
98/2774, 152/4278
Araise, Areise, Areyse, to raise, 51/1357, 118/3369, 178/5212
Arbitre, will, free will, 156/4500
Ardaunt, ardent, 106/3031
Aresten, to stop, arrest, 32/815
Aretten, to ascribe to, impute to, 40/1016
Arist, arises, 143/4138
Armurers, armours, arms, 51/1342
Armures, armour, 9/131
Arst, first, 95/2675
Arwe, arrow, 148/4262
Arysynge, rising, 22/512
Aryve, to bring to shore, 122/3479
Asayle, to assail, 181/40
Ascape, to escape, 8/129
Asondre, asunder, 64/1740
Aspre, sharp, rough, 32/806, 80/2216
Asprenesse, sharpness, 127/3627
Assaie, to essay, 42/1083
Assemble, to gather together, amass (money), 80/2208
Asseure, to assure, 16/330
Assoilen, to absolve, pay, unloose, dissolve, 149/4303, 154/4459
Astat, estate, state, 30/738
Astoned, astonished, 7/92, 63/1702;
_stupidus_, 122/3471
Astonynge, Astonyenge, astonishment, 9/134, 132/3780
Ataste, to taste, 30/756
Ataynt, Ateint, attained, knowing, experienced, 31/772, 69/1905
Attayne, to reach, 12/227
Atte, at the, 95/2675
Attemperaunce, tempering, temperament, 138/3973, 144/4145
Attempre, to temper, moderate, 8/115, 111/3154;
control, 163/4721;
(_adj._) modest, 29/728, 40/1033
Atteyne, to attain, 118/3358
Atwyne, in two, 98/2769
Avalen, to fall down, 143/4139
Avaunce, to advance, further, 41/1057
Avaunte, to boast, 5/26, 19/426
Auctorité, authority, 7/91
Aventerouse, fortuitous, 28/697, 40/1018
Aventure, event, 21/476
Autour, author, 58/1556
Auȝte, ought, 11/213
Avisen, to consider, 174/5063
Awaite, snare, 80/2214
Awaitour, one who lies in wait, 121/3463
Awiþ = aweþ, oweth (_debet_), 178/5198
Ay, ever, 184/55
Ay-dwellynge, ever-dwelling, 173/5044
Ayenis, against, 97/2749
Axe, to ask, 17/357, 24/579
Aȝeins, Aȝeynes, Aȝeynest, against, 10/183, 11/194, 12/221, 13/255
Aȝeinewarde, on the contrary, on the other hand, 42/1098

Bacine, basin, 133/3806
Batailen, to war on, do battle against, 18/412
Been, bees, 80/2200
Ber, did bear, 6/61
Bere, Bear, 143/4124
Beren on hond, to accuse falsely, 20/449
Bet, better, 63/1703
Bibled, covered over with blood, 48/1860
Bisien, to trouble, 8/112
Bitake. _See_ Bytake.
Bitidd, happened, 176/5143
Bitwixen. _See_ Bytwixen.
Blaundissinge, flattering, 30/749
Blaundyshing, flattery, blandishment, 34/866
Bleched, bleached, 181/45
Blemisse, to blemish, abuse (_lacero_), 20/472
Blyssed, blessed, 181/43
Blyþenesse, joyfulness, 37/957
Boch, botch, blain, sore, 72/1977
Bode, to foretell, 143/4130
Bole, bull, 148/4274
Boot, did bite, 53/1400
Bordure, border, hem, 6/50
Bosten, to boast, 79/2171
Botme, bottom, 12/234
Bounté, Bownté, goodness, kindness, 19/444, 46/1202, 183/39
Brenne (_pret._ Brende), to burn, 19/437, 106/3031
Brid, bird, 68/1867
Bristlede, bristly, 148/4281
Brode, broadly, plainly, 49/1298
Brutel, brittle, fragile, 45/1174
Brutelnesse, brittleness, frailty, 184/63
Burþe, birth, 78/2165
Busshel (corn), 15/312
Bydolven (_p.p._), buried, 151/4348
Byen (for _abyen_), suffer, 125/3578
Byforen, BYFORN, BYFORNE, before, 20/454
Bygunne, didst begin, 37/941
Bygyle, to beguile, 25/615
Byhate, to hate, 75/2051
Byheste, promise, 149/4303
Byhete, to promise, 61/1651, 69/1903
Byhynde, Byhynden, behind, 108/3062, 110/3137
Byhyȝt, promised, 70/1925, 85/2374, 157/4558
Byknowen, Byknowe, to acknowledge, 146/4211, 175/5107;
_p.p._ Byknowen, 90/2514
Byleve, believe, 28/695
Byname, an additional name, 84/2333
Byneþen, beneath, 49/1295
Bynomen (_p.p._), taken from, 124/3527
Bynyme, to deprive of, take away, 43/1117, 70/1930
Byreft, bereft, 33/837
Byseche, to beseech, 86/2408
Bysmoked, besmoked, 5/49
Byspotte, to defile, 73/2009
Bystowe, to bestow, 24/585
Bysynesse, toil, 184/75
Bytake, to entrust, 32/808
Bytide (_pret._ BYTIDDE, _p.p._ BYTID), to befall, happen,
20/474, 151/4360, 155/4467
Bytwene, between, 6/54
Bytwixen, betwixt, 132/3785
Bytynge, biting, sharp, 63/1721
Bywepe, to weep for, 26/644
Byweyle, to bewail, 26/643

Caitif, Caytif, wretched, 21/489, 116/3289
Careyne, carcase, corpse, 116/3307
Cariages, taxes (_vectigalia_), 15/303
Celebrable, commendable, noted, 84/2320, 147/4257
Certein, certain, 170/4952
Cese, to cease, 36/904, 130/3716
Cesse, to cease, 133/3821
Chalenge, to claim, 52/1380
Chastie, Chastysen, to chastise, 125/3579, 145/4170
Chayere, chair, seat, 21/503
Cheminey, furnace (_caminus_), 12/236
Cheryce, to cherish, 181/52
Chesen, to choose, 76/2096
Cheyn, chain, 8/122
Chiere, CHERE, CHOERE, face, countenance, 8/123, 12/232, 108/3080
Chirkynge, groaning (_stridens_), 25/618
Clarré, a kind of wine, 50/1329
Cleer, serene, 45/1168
Clepe, to call, 4/17, 11/188, 17/369
Clifte, fissure, cleft, 130/3721
Cliven, CLIVE, to stick, cling, adhere to, 41/1050, 101/2858, 159/4600
Cloumben = CLOMBEN, climbed, ascended, 57/1533
Coempcioun, coemption, 15/309
Coeterne, coeternal, 172/5019
Colasioun, collation, 125/3569
Collacioun, comparison, 165/4805
Combred, troubled, 94/2642
Commoeve, to move, 107/3043
Commoevyng, moving (_excitans_), 12/233
Communalité, commonwealth, 14/271, 142/4108
Comparisoune, to compare, 58/1567
Complyssen, to accomplish, 124/3534
Compotent, having the mastery (_compos_), 172/5012
Compoune, to compose, form, 87/2419, 93/2598
Comprende, comprehend, 165/4807
Comunableté, commonwealth, 13/268
Comune, common, 9/140, 15/310
Confederacie, conspiracy, 53/1399
Confus, confused, 132/3788
Conjecte, to conjecture, 27/649, 114/3230
Conjoignen, to join, 92/2573
Conjuracioun, conspiracy, 18/394, 53/1399
Consequente, consequence, 84/2323
Constreyne, to constrain, contract, 5/38
Consuler (CONSEILER), consul, 51/1364, 1366
Consumpt (_consumptus_), consumed, 60/1632
Contek, contest, strife, 130/3745
Contene, Contienen, to contain, comprehend, 24/573, 116/3302
Contrarien, to be opposed to, adverse to, 154/4440
Contrarious, adverse, opposite, 21/488, 53/1420
Contrefeten, to counterfeit, 173/5031
Convenably, fitly, conveniently, 142/4089
Convict, convicted, 19/440
Cop, top, summit, 44/1159
Corage, mind, spirit, 118/3367, 119/3398
Corige, to correct, 125/3581
Corompe, Corrumpe, to become corrupt, 98/2766, 96/2697
Corone, Coroune, a crown, 119/3385, 91/2555
Corsed, cursed, 181/27
Corsednesse, cursedness, 90/2526
Corumpynge, corruption, 103/2927
Cosyne, cousin, 106/3020
Couche, to lay, set, 35/890
Coupable, guilty, 10/172
Couth, known, 25/592
Coveite, to covet, 51/1365
Covenable, fit, convenient, 97/2731
Covertour, Coverture, covering, 118/3361, 159/4622
Covetise, Coveytyse, covetousness, 20/451, 181/32
Covine, deceit, collusion, 21/493
Coyn, money, 180/20
Creat, created, 99/2796
Crike, creek, 82/2260
Croppe, top, 69/1877
Curacioun, cure (_curatio_), 26/632
Curage, 30/753. _See_ Corage.
Cure, care, 64/1753

Dalf (_pret._ of _delven_), dug, delved, 51/1349
Damoisel, damsel, 30/762
Dampnacioun, condemnation, 16/352
Daunten, Dawnte, to subdue, daunt, 77/2115, 147/4258
Debonairly, mildly, 122/3490
Deboneire, gentle (_mitis_), 22/519;
good, 88/2450
Deceivable, deceptive, 77/2124
Dede, did, 181/28
Dedid, made dead, 127/3623
Deef, deaf, 4/18
Deere, dear, 37/941
Deeþ, death, 4/15
Defaute, fault, defect, 18/402
Defende, to forbid, 34/859
Deffeted, enfeebled, weakened, 30/735
Defoule, to defile, 21/491, 68/1873
Degrees, steps, 6/54
Delices, delight, delights (_deliciæ_), 38/968, 41/1062, 66/1787
Delitable, delectable, 30/756
Delitably, delightfully, 108/3078
Delve, should dig, 151/4352
Delver, a digger, 151/4359
Delyé, thin, fine, 5/43. Fr. _délié_.
Dempne, to condemn, 183/49
Denoye, to deny, 88/2464
Departe, to separate, 29/719
Depelyche, deeply, 160/4647
Depeynte, to depict, 111/3146
Depper, deeper, 27/649
Derke, Derken, to darken, 7/90, 20/448
Derworþe, Derworþi, precious, 31/787, 41/1046
Desarmen, disarm, 13/241
Desceivaunce, deception, 81/2240
Desceive, Desseive, to deceive, 9/141, 38/967
Descryven, to describe, 99/2813
Desmaie, to dismay, 35/896
Desordene, inordinate, 36/912
Despoylynge, spoil, prey, 147/4259
Destempraunce, severity, 97/2749
Destinal, fatal, 135/3884
Destourbe, disturb, 143/4123
Destrat, distracted, 80/2216
Destreine, to constrain, bind, 54/1441
Diffinisse, to define, 88/2459, 165/4808
Digne, worthy, just, 43/1124, 149/4297
Digneliche, worthily, 53/1427
Dirke, dark, 83/2306
Dirke, Dirken, to make dark, darken, 5/48, 49
Dirkenesse, darkness, 23/535
Disceyvable, deceptive, 4/23
Discordable, discordant, 143/4133
Discorde, to disagree, 94/2632, 102/2898
Discordyng, disagreeing, discordant, 68/1849
Discours, judgment, reason, 165/4804
Discressioun, discretion, 93/2594
Discussed, dispersed, scattered, 9/149
Disdaignen, to disdain (_indignari_), 146/4213
Disencrese, to decrease, 173/5035
Disordinaunce, disorder, 150/4324
Dispenden, to spend, expend, 45/1181
Dispone, to dispose, 135/3864
Disputisoun, disputation, 149/4314
Disseveraunce, separation, 96/2701
Dissimulen, to dissemble, 178/5215
Distempre, intemperate, 121/3466
Distingwed, distinguished, 47/1223
Dité, ditty, 134/3850
Divinour, diviner, 157/4541
Domesman, judge, 55/1467
Doom, judgment, 152/4395
Doumbe, dumb, 9/138
Doutous, Dowtos, doubtful, 5/37
Dowblenesse, duplicity, 182/63
Drede, dread, 21/497
Dredeful, timid, 121/3468
Dredles, fearless, 106/3028
Dreint, Dreynt, drowned, drenched, 4/22, 7/99, 148/4271
Dresse, to direct, order, 137/3954, 142/4104
Drouppe, to drop, 20/455
Drow, drew, 15/300
Duelly, duly, 22/530
Dulle, to become dull, 7/100
Dure, Duren, to last, 98/2755
Duske, to make dusk or dim, 5/48
Dyverses (_pl._), divers, 8/120
Dyvynynge, divination, 157/4541

Echid, increased, 77/2134
Echynnys, sea-urchins, 82/2266
Egalité, equality, evenness (of mind), 42/1099
Egaly, equally, evenly, 43/1108, 157/4536
Egge, edge, 180/19
Egre, sharp, 25/610
Egren, to urge, excite, 141/4060
Eir, air, 45/1169
Ek, Eke, also, 40/1040, 181/36
Elde, old age, 5/48
Eldefadir, grandfather, 40/1042
Elder, older, 89/2493
Embelise, to embellish, 47/1223
Emperie, government, 51/1363
Emperisse, empress, 109/3098
Empoysenyng, poisoning, 11/206 (_venenum_)
Emprente, to imprint, 166/4839
Emprenten, obtain (translates the Latin, _impetrent_), 159/4596.
Perhaps a mistake for _empetren_.
Emptid, exhausted, 5/34
Enbaissynge, a debasing, 109/3107
Enbrase, embrace, 142/4092
Enchaufen, to make hot, _chafe_, 73/2020
Encharge, to impose, 178/5214
Enchaunteresse, enchantress, 123/3504
Endamagen, to damage, 15/316
Endirken, to obscure, 120/3418
Enditen, to indite, 4/4
Enfourme, to inform, instruct, 11/212, 13/263
Enhaunse, Enhawnse, to raise, exalt (_enhance_), 33/825
Enlace, to bind, entangle, entertwine, perplex, 13/245,
80/2207, 149/4298
Enoynte, to anoint, 36/923
Enpeyren, to impair, 120/3418, 139/4015
Ensample, example, 9/151
Entalenten, to excite, 168/4876
Entecche, defile, pollute, 120/3431
Entendyng, intent, looking stedfastly on, 8/126
Entente, to intend, 150/4345
Ententes, endeavours, labours, 7/79
Ententif, attentive, intent, 12/223, 29/731
Ententifly, attentively, 103/2931
Enterchaunge, to interchange, 65/1785, 131/3753
Entercomunynge, commerce, communication, 57/1528
Entermedle, to intermix, 54/1436
Entré (_adytum_), 30/751
Entrechaunge, to interchange, 39/1003
Entrelaced, intermingled, entangled, 105/2981
Entremete, intermeddle, 104/2964
Enveneme, to poison, infect, 120/3437
Enviroune, to surround, 34/848, 88/2437
Environynge, circumference, 164/4769
Erþeliche, Erþelyche, earthly, 52/1378, 69/1888
Erye, to plough, ear, 71/1964
Eschapen, to escape, 41/1054
Eschaufe, to become hot, to burn, 22/524
Eschewen, to avoid, escape, 177/5172
Eschuynge, eschewing, 99/2802
Establisse, to establish, 15/311
Eterne, eternal;
fro eterne = from eternity, 153/4422
Eternité, eternity, 171/4986
Evenliche, evenly, 25/599
Everyche, every, 11/190;
each, 181/48
Evesterre, evening star, 22/510
Excussyoun, execution, 184/65
Exercen, to exercise, practise, 52/1389
Exercitacioun, exercise, 140/4034
Exilynge, banishment, 11/205
Exite, to excite, 168/4881
Eyen, eyes, 183/36
Eyer, air, 170/4962

Fader, father, 18/414
Familarité, familiarity, 30/740
Familers, familiars, 18/407
Fantesye, fancy, inclination, 181/51
Fasoun, fashion, 62/1693
Feffe, (?) 38/966
Fel, felle, fierce, 44/1160
Felawschipe, to accompany, 111/3141
Felefold, manifold, 30/738
Felliche, fiercely, 39/997
Felnesse, fierceness, 25/618
Felonous, wicked, depraved, 18/405
Felonye, crime, 124/3542
Fer, far, 23/554
Ferm, firm, 78/2148
Fermely, firmly, 157/4550
Ferne, fern, 64/1741
Ferne, distant, 60/1621
Ferþe, fourth, 56/1509
Festivaly, gaily, 59/1581
Festne, to fasten, fix, 10/166
Fette, fetched, 180/22
Fey, faith, truth, 112/3178
Ficchen, to fix, fasten, 45/1164, 88/2446
Fieblesse, feebleness, 81/2240, 112/3176
Fille, abundance, 48/1269
Flaumbe, flame, 98/2761
Fleme, to banish, 29/723
Fles, fleece, 180/18
Flete, Fleten, to float, flow, pass away, abound, 8/118,
28/690, 146/4223, 152/4376
Fletynge, flowing, 71/1961
Fley, flee, 149/4289
Fleyen, to flee, 125/3584
Flies, fleece, 50/1330
Flitte, to remove, 68/1853
Flittyng, changing, fickle, 78/2150
Flityng, flitting, 12/220
Flotere, to float, 99/2817
Floterynge, floating, 87/2420
Flouren, to flourish, 131/3763
Fodre, fodder, 148/4267
Foleyen, Folyen, to act foolishly, 67/1821, 1826
Folyly, foolishly, 12/220
Fooldest, foldest, 105/2984
Forbrek, broke, interrupted, 108/3082
Fordoon, to undo, destroy, 62/1693
Fordryven, driven about, 12/215
Foreyne, foreign, 34/851
Forghe, furrow, 170/4959
Forheved, forehead, 16/346
Forknowyng, foreknowledge, 178/5187
Forleften, left (_pret._ of _forleve_, _linquo_), 9/150
Forlete, to cease, 96/2697;
leave, forsake, 22/525
Forleten (_p.p._), neglected, forsaken, 5/47
Forliven, degenerate from (_degenero_), 78/2163
Forlorn, lost, 34/858, 121/3452
Forme, an error for _ferme_, to make firm, 23/547
Forpampred, overpampered, 180/5
Fors, force;
‘no fors,’ no matter, 182/13
Forsweryng, perjury, 23/536
Forþenke, to be sorry, grieved, 41/1058
Forþere, to further, promote, 41/1057
Forþest, farthest, 136/3918
Forþi, therefore, 28/689
Fortroden, trodden upon, trampled, 109/3100
Fortunel, fortuitous, 152/4379
Fortunouse, Fortuouse, fortuitous, 26/639, 38/983, 132/3779
Forwes, furrows, 180/12
Forwiter, foreknower, 178/5204
Foryetyn, forgotten, 101/2872
Foundement, foundation, 98/2754
Fowel, bird, 107/3053
Fram, from, 70/1931
Freele, frail, 61/1658
Frete, to eat, devour, 147/4252
Frounce, flounce, 9/147
Fructe, fruit, 180/3
Frutefiyng, fructifying, fruitful, 6/72
Fulfilling, satisfying, 79/2178
Fycche, fix, 108/3073. _See_ Ficchen.
Fyn, end, 69/1892

Gabbe, ‘gabbe I?’ am I deceived? 49/1308
Galentyne, a dish in ancient cookery made of sopped bread
and spices (_Halliwell_), 180/16
Galles, galls, 181/47
Gapen, to desire, be greedy for, 15/324, 36/910
Gapinge, desire, 36/910
Gastnesse, terror, fear, 75/2079
Geaunt, giant, 104/2966
Gentilesse, nobility, 78/2154
Geometrien, geometrician, 91/2552
Gerdoned, rewarded, 120/3410
Gerdoun, reward, 13/265
Gerner, garner, 15/305
Gesse, Gessen, to deem, suppose, estimate, 17/378, 19/416, 65/1782
Gessinge, opinion, 21/475
Gest, guest, 38/979
Gideresse, a female guide, 108/3084
Gise, guise, mode, 71/1943
Giser, gizzard, 107/3054
Glotonus, greedy, 26/620
Gnodded, pounded, 180/11
Gobet, a bit (of gold), 51/1349
Godhed, divinity, 122/3492
Goost, spirit, ghost, 40/1036
Governaile, government (_gubernaculum_), 27/651
Governaunce, control, 32/813
Goye, joy, 179/5218
Grayþe, to devise, prepare, 19/438
Grobbe up, to grub up, 181/29
Grond, did grind, 180/15
Gynne, snare, trap, 82/2256
Gynner, beginner, 150/4330
Gyse, guise, mode, 134/3860

Habitacle, habitation, 57/1525
Habunde, to abound, 41/1073
Halden, to hold, 41/1053
Hale, to draw, drag, 61/1665
Halt, holds, 56/1504
Hardnesse, hardship, 132/3783
Hardyly, boldly, 34/857
Hastise, to hasten, 131/3746
Haunten, to frequent, 10/168;
to practise, exercise, 52/1389
Heeres, hairs, 4/12
Heet, heat, 28/699
Hef, raised, heaved, 5/41
Hele, health, 93/2623
Henten, to seize, 15/326
Hepen, to heap up, increase, 153/4418
Herburghden, harboured, lodged, 53/1409
Herie, to praise, 109/3112
Hert, hart, 106/3027
Herted, hearted, 55/1466
Heve, to raise, heave, 171/4968
Heved, head, 4/13
Hevenelyche, heavenly, 8/105
Hevie, to make heavy, 171/4967
Hey, high, 22/523
Heyere, higher, 143/4117
Heyȝe, high, 171/4969
Hielde, pour, 35/899
Hiȝte, to adorn, 8/116
Hoke, hook, 16/347
Holily, wholly, entirely, 90/2503
Homelyche, homely, 105/3001
Hond, hand, 20/449
Honter, a hunter, 12/228
Hool, whole, 46/1191
Hoolnesse, wholeness, 164/4754
Hoope, to hope, 17/384
Hore, hoary, 4/13
Humblesse, humility, 80/2213
Hungry tyme, time of famine, 15/314
Hurtlen, to rush against, to oppose, 30/748, 167/4866
Hyene, hyæna, 185/35
Hyȝt, is called, 9/154, 25/619
Hyȝten, are called, 77/2126

Ibouȝt, bought, 157/4540
Ibowed, bent, turned, 137/3949
Icharged, loaded, 71/1962
Igete, gotten, 36/908
Ilorn, lost, 62/1677
Imperial, august (_imperiosus_), 7/91
Implie, to fold, enclose, 152/4379
Infortune, misfortune, 79/2197
Inmoeveable, immovable, 173/5030
Inmoeveableté, immobility, 173/5032
Inorschid, nourished, nurtured, 8/128
I-nowh, enough, 180/11
Inperfit, imperfect, 83/2291
Inplitable (_inexplicabilis_), 15/315
Inprente, to imprint, 166/4832
Inpressed, impressed, 167/4861
Inrest, innermost, 136/3913
Instaunce (_instantia_), presence, 174/5067
Intil, into, 110/3139
Inwiþ, within, 32/801
Issest, issuest, 105/2983
Iwist, known, 156/4513

Jangland, chattering, 68/1867
Jape-worthi, ridiculous, 157/4540
Jolyté, pleasure, 79/2189
Jowes, jaws, 15/323
Joygnen, to join, 54/1455
Joynture, juncture, joining, 46/1207
Juge, a judge, 19/431;
to judge, 53/1427
Jugement, judgment, 114/3253

Karf (_pret._ of Kerven), cut, 50/1337
Kembd, KEMBED, combed, 23/537
Kerve, to cut, 64/1740
Kevere, cover, obscure, 34/861
Keye, helm (_clavus_), 103/2926
Knowelechinge, knowledge, 168/4874
Knyȝt, soldier, 111/3142
Konnyng, knowledge, 16/351
Korue (_p.p._), cut, rent, 6/58
Kuytten, to cut, 147/4246
Kyd, known, 181/46
Kyndeliche, Kyndely, naturally, 101/2850, 114/3228
Kythen, to make known, show, 184/63

Lache, slow, lazy, 122/3471
Lad (_p.p._), led, 35/879
Laddre, ladder, 6/55
Lambyssh, lamb-like, 181/50
Languisse, to languish, 30/734, 130/3740
Lappe, flap, 9/146
Largesse, liberality, 45/1183
Lasse, less, 22/508
Leche, Leecher, physician, 13/250, 114/3254, 139/3990
Leef, dear, 37/941
Leesen, Leese, to lose, 22/509, 43/1133
Lene, to give, 139/3993
Lenger, longer, 52/1370
Lesynge, loss, 141/4066
Lesynge, leasing, lie, 156/4525
Leten, to leave, 10/176;
to esteem, 61/1666
Leve, permission, leave, 128/3658
Leveful, allowable, lawful, 10/176
Ligge, to lie, 60/1632, 147/4251
Liifly, lively, lifelike, 5/33
Likerous, lecherous, 72/1989
Litargie, lethargy, 9/140
Litestere, a dyer, 180/17
Lokyng, sight, 10/167
Loos, praise
Looþ, loath, 40/1036
Lorel, a wretch, 21/495
Lorn, lost, 34/859
Lous, loose, free, 136/3926
Lykynge, pleasure, 31/771
Lymes, limbs, 71/1946
Lynage, lineage, 41/1070
Lythnesse, lightness, 98/2761
Lyȝte goodes, temporal goods, 4/21
Lyȝtly, easily, 12/220
Lyȝtne, to enlighten, 128/3655
Lyȝtnesse, light, brightness, 8/106

Maat, weary, dejected, 40/1037
Magistrat, magistracy, 72/1985
Maistresse, mistress, 10/169
Malice, _nefas_, wickedness, 20/466
Malyfice, _maleficium_, 20/468
Manace, menace, 12/232
Manase, to menace, 118/3365
Manassynge, threatening, 44/1158
Mareis, Mareys, marsh, 56/1513, 97/2735
Margarits, pearls, 94/2650
Marye, pith, marrow, 97/2744
Maugré, in spite of, 70/1928
Mede, meed, reward, 91/2555
Medle, to mix, _Medelyng_, mixing, mixture, 20/449, 122/3482, 126/3594
Meenelyche, moderate, 28/706
Meistresse, mistress, 17/363
Melle, mill, 180/6
Mene, the mean or middle path, 146/4228
Meremaydenes, mermaids, 7/83
Merken, to mark, 16/346
Mervaille, Merveile, marvel, 18/403, 132/3787
Merveilen, to marvel, 46/1205
Mervelyng, wondering, 10/161
Mest, most, 42/1081
Mesuren, to measure, 65/1782
Meyné, servants, domestics, 47/1243
Mirie, pleasant, sweet, 4/16
Mirinesse, pleasure, 66/1793
Misericorde, mercy, pity, 107/3057
Mistourne, to misturn, mislead, 69/1894
Mochel, great, 62/1674, 109/3110
Moeveable, mobile, fickle, 133/3817
Moeven, to move, 8/112, 150/4329
Moewyng, moving, motion, 130/3742
Mokere, to hoard up, 45/1182
Mokere, miser, 45/1182. A mistake for _mokerere_.
Molesté, trouble, grief, 85/2346
Monstre, prodigy, 18/403
More, greater, 129/3697
Morwe, morning, 22/513
Mosten (_pl._), must, 166/4836
Mot, must, 40/1038
Mowen, be able, 25/608
Mowynge, ability, power, 124/3548
Myche, much, 21/475
Mychel, much, 46/1215
Myntynge, purposing, endeavouring, 7/101
Myrie, pleasant, 45/1165
Myrily, pleasantly, 59/1582
Myrþes, pleasures, 132/3782
Mys, badly, wrongly, 131/3772
Mysese, grievance, trouble, 15/299
Mysknowynge, ignorant, 61/1659
Mysweys, wrong paths, 149/4309