Chapter XXIII: Introduction: , Glossary, and Indexes (23)

THRYVE, _v._ thrive, prosper, R. 1067; T. i. 966; E 172; _ger._ G 1411; _so thr. I_, as I hope to thrive, D 1764; Thryveth, _pr. s._ grows up, B 5. m 4. 19; Throf, _pt. s._ flourished, B 3. m 4. 3.

THRYVINGE, _pres. pt. as adj._ vigorous, B 5. m 4. 15 (Lat. _uigens_).

THUNDER, _s._ L. 1219; see THONDER.

THUNDERINGE, _pres. pt._ thundering, A 2174.

THUNDRINGE, _s._ thundering, thunder, HF. 1040.

THUNWORTHIEST, the unworthiest, 22. 19.

THURFTE, _pt. s. impers._ (with _yow_), you would need, you need, T. iii. 572. See THAR.

THURGH, _prep._ through, 1. 27; through, by, G 325; by means of, A 920, B 1669, 3434; by, B 22, 35, F 11.

THURGH-DARTED, _pp._ transfixed with a dart, T. i. 325.

THURGHFARE, _s._ thoroughfare, A 2847.

THURGH-GIRT, _pp._ pierced through, A 1010. From M.E. _gurden_, to strike.

THURGHOUT, _prep._ throughout, B 3303, F 46; all through, B 256, 464; quite through, C 655.

THURGH-SHOTEN, _pp._ shot through, T. i. 325.

THURROK, _s._ sink, the lowest internal part of a ship's hull, I 363 (see note), 715. A.S. _thurruc_.

THURST, _s._ thirst, B 100, I 343. A.S. _thyrst_.

THURSTE, _v._; Thursteth, _pr. s._ thirsts, T. v. 1406; L. 103 _n_; Thursted him, _pt. s. impers._ he was thirsty, B 3229. A.S. _thyrstan_.

THURTE; see THAR.

THUS, thus, A 705, 872, &c.

THWITEL, _s._ large knife, whittle, A 3933. From _thwit-_, zero-grade of A.S. _thw[=i]tan_; see below.

THWYTE, _pr. pl._ whittle, cut up for, HF. 1938; Thwiten, _pp._ carved, whittled, R. 933. A.S. _thw[=i]tan._

THYN, _poss. pron._ thine, B 101, 104, 3584; Thy, B 73, 74.

THY-SELVEN, thyself, A 1174; Thy-self, 1. 126; 13. 13.

TID, _pp. of_ Tyde.

TIDIFS, _s. pl._ small birds, F 648. Skinner guessed this to mean a _titmouse_, but adduced no authority; cf. Icel. _tittr_, a tit, small bird; and cf. Eng. _titmouse_, _titlark_. Drayton, in his Polyolbion, bk. xiii, mentions a singing-bird which he calls a _tydy_. The _tydy_ cannot be the wren, as Nares supposes, because Drayton names the wren at the same time. See the note.

TIKEL, _adj._ unstable, A 3428. Cf. E. _tickl-ish_.

TIKELNESSE, _s._ lack of steadiness, instability, 13. 3.

TIKLED, _pt. s._ tickled, D 395.

TIL (_before a vowel_), _prep._ to, A 180, 1478, G 306; _as a_ Northern _word_ (_before a consonant_), A 4110; Til and fra, to and fro (Northern), A 4039. Icel. _til_.

TIL, _conj._ until, till, 4. 59; L. 117; A 1760, F 346, G 1171; _til that_, A 1490, F 360.

TILIEN, _ger._ to till, cultivate, B 2780.

TILYERE, _s._ tiller, B 5. p 1. 55.

TILYINGE, _s._ tillage, tilling, B 5. p 1. 50.

TIMBER, _s._ material, T. iii. 530; timber, HF. 1980; A 3666.

TIMBESTERE, _s._ female timbrel-player, tambourine-player, R. 769. See below.

TIMBRES, _s. pl._ timbrels, tambourines, R. 772. O. F. _timbre_; from Lat. _tympanum_.

TIN, _s._ tin, G 828.

TINNED, _pp._ covered with tin, HF. 1482.

TIPET, _s._ tippet, cape, A 233, 3953; HF. 1841.

TIPPED, _pp._ furnished with a horn tip, D 1737, 1740; marked on the tip, B 4093.

TIPTOON, _pl._ tiptoes, B 4497. See TO, _s._

TIRANNYE, _s._ tyranny, 2. 6; 7. 66; L. 375; B 165, 3691, 3698.

TIRAUNT, _s._ tyrant, F 1387; Tiraunts, _pl._ L. 374; I 765. See TYRAUNT.

TISSU, _s._ tissue, R. 1104; Tissew, a band, T. ii. 639.

TIT, _pr. s._ betides, T. i. 333. See TYDE.

TITERING, _s._ hesitation, vacillation, T. ii. 1744. Cf. Icel. _titra_, to quiver; G. _zittern_.

TITLE, _s._ title, B 3512; pretence, T. i. 488.

TITLELEES, _adj._ without a title, usurping, H 223.

TIXTED, _pp._ learned in texts, H 316 _n_.

TO (t[`o][`o]), _s._ toe, A 2726; Toon, _pl._ toes, B 4052, 4370 _n_; HF. 2028; Toos, _pl._ toes, B 4370. A.S. _t[=a]_; pl. _t[=a]n_.

TO (t['o]['o]), _prep._ to, A 2; gone to, A 30; (used after its case), G 1449; for, 1. 184; as to, as for, L. 2096; _to regard_, in respect of, B 4. m 3. 25; _him to_, for him, 3. 771; _to that_, until, 4. 239; To and fro, T. iv. 460, 485; D 1085, H 53.

TO, _adv._ too, L. 260 _a_; 3. 796; A. ii. 25. 20; B 2129, 3712, I 828, 829; besides, A. ii. 45. 16; moreover, beside, T. i. 540; overmuch, G 1423; _to badde_, too evil, very evil, L. 2597; _to dere_, too dearly, C 293; _to late_, too late, T. ii. 398.

TO- (1), _intensive prefix_, lit. in twain, asunder. A.S. _t[=o]-_, G. _zer-_.

TO- (2), _prepositional prefix, as in_ To-forn. A.S. _t[=o]-_, G. _zu-_.

TO-BETE, _v._ beat amain, T. v. 1762; beat severely, G 405 (see the note).

TO-BREKE, _v._ break in pieces; To-breketh, _pr. s._ (it) breaks in pieces, R. 277; breaks asunder, G 907; is violently broken, HF. 779; To-breke, _imp. s._ break in twain, B 3. m 9. 31; To-broken, _pp._ broken in pieces, destroyed, 16. 1; To-broke, _pp._ broken in half, D 277; severely bruised, A 4277. A.S. _t[=o]-brecan_, to break in twain.

TO-BRESTE, _v._ burst in twain, T. ii. 608; To-breste, _pr. s. subj._ may (she) break in twain, T. iv. 1546; may be broken in twain, 1. 16; To-breste, _pr. pl._ break in pieces, A 2611; To-brosten, _pp._ broken in twain, A 2691, 2757. A.S. _t[=o]-berstan_.

TO-CLEVE, _v._ cleave in twain, T. v. 613. A.S. _to-cl[=e]ofan_.

TO-DASSHTE, _pt. s._ dashed violently about, R. 337; To-dasshed, _pp._ much bruised, T. ii. 640.

TODE, _s._ toad, I 636.

TO-DRAWEN, _pr. pl._ allure, B 4. m 3. 30; To-drowen, _pt. pl._ tore in pieces, B 1. p 3. 27; To-drawen, _pp._ distracted, B 1. p 5. 48.

TO-DRIVEN, _pp._ scattered, L. 1280. A.S. _t[=o]-dr[=i]fan_.

TO-FORN, _prep_, before, F 268; _god to-forn_, before God, in God's sight, T. i. 1049, ii. 431, 1409, iii. 849.

TO-FORN, _adv._ in front, beforehand, B 5. p 6. 191.

TO-GEDER, _adv._ together, 5. 555; To-gider, L. 649; B 3222; To-gidre, A 824, 2624, I 203; To-gedres, 3. 809; To-gidres, C 702, G 960. A.S. _t[=o]-gaedere_.

TOGHT, _adj._ taut, D 2267. See _toht_ in Stratmann.

TO-GO, _pp._ dispersed, L. 653. See note.

TO-GREVE, _v._ grieve excessively, T. i. 1001.

TO-HANGEN, _v._ hang thoroughly, put to death by hanging, HF. 1782. See note.

TO-HEPE, _adv._ (lit. into a heap), together, T. iii. 1764; L. 2009; A. i. 14. 5; B 4. p 6. 47, 182. See note to L. 2009.

TO-HEWEN, _pr. pl._ hew in twain, A 2609; To-hewen, _pp._ cut through, T. ii. 638; To-hewe, _pp._ hewn in pieces, B 430, 437. A.S. _t[=o]-h[=e]awan_.

TOKE, _2 pt. s._ tookest, 3. 483; Toke, _pt. pl._ took, F 1240; received, F 356. See TAKE.

TOKENES, _pl._ tokens, B 1549.

TOKENINGE, _s._ token, T. iv. 779; Tokening, token, proof, G 1153.

TOKNETH, _pr. s._ marks, points out, B 1. m 6. 12 (Lat. _signat_).

TO-LAUGH, _pr. s._ laughs out, laughs excessively, T. ii. 1108. (Short for _to-laugheth_.)

TOLD, -E; see TELLE.

TOLLEN (1), _v._ take toll, A 562.

TOLLEN (2), _v._ attract, entice, B 2. p 7. 11. See TULLE.

TOMBE (tumb[*e]), _s._ a tomb, B 1871, D 497. See TOUMBE.

TOMBESTERES, _s. pl. fem._ dancing girls, lit. female tumblers, C 477. A.S. _tumbian_, to tumble, dance; _tumbere_, a tumbler, _tembestre_, a dancing girl. See the note.

TOMBLINGE (tumbling[*e]), _pres. pt. as adj._ fleeting, transitory, B 2. m 3. 16 (Lat. _caducis_). See TOUMBLING.

TO-MELTE, _v._ melt utterly, T. iii. 348.

TO-MORWE, _s._ tomorrow, B 5. p 6. 16; A 780; Tomorn, D 1245, 1583.

TONGE (tungg[*e]), _s._ tongue, 3. 930; A 265, 712, B 899, 1852, C 356, 398, E 1184, F 35; Tong (_written for_ Tonge, _before a vowel_), L. 2334; Tonges, _gen._ tongue's, T. i. 395; Tonge, _dat._ L. 1675; speech, language, 16. 21; T. ii. 14, v. 1794; A. pr. 25; F 711; Tonges, _pl._ 4. 6; B 3497. A.S. _tunge_. See TUNGE.

TONGED, _pp._ tongued, 3. 927.

TONGES (tonggez), _s. pl._ tongs, I 555.

TONNE (tunn[*e]), _s._ tun, barrel, cask, 5. 104; L. 195; A 3894, D 170, E 215, I 859; Tonnes, _pl._ tuns, vessels, B 2. p 2. 55. A.S. _tunne_.

TONNE-GREET, _adj._ great as a tun, A 1994.

TOOK, _pt. s. of_ Take.

TOOL, _s._ instrument, weapon, B 4106.

TOON, TOOS, _pl. of_ To, _s_.

TOOTH, _s._ A 3888, D 449; Teeth, _pl._ L. 2006.

TOOTH-AKE, _s._ toothache, R. 1098.

TOP, _s._ top, A 2915, 3869 (see note); A. ii. 42 a. 2 (p. 231); top (of the mast), main-top, L. 639; top, tuft of hair, C 255; top (of the head), A 590; crown (of the head), T. iv. 996; Top and tail, beginning and end, HF. 880; Toppe, _dat._ L. 738.

TO-RACE, _pr. pl. subj._ tear in pieces, E 572. Here _race_ is probably short for _arace_, to tear up; see _Arace_ in the New E. Dict.

TORCHE, _s._ torch, 3. 963; 4. 83; L. 2419; Torch (_so written before a vowel_), 4. 91; Torches, _pl._ 4. 26; L. 2610.

TORD, _s._ piece of dung, B 2120, C 955. A.S. _tord_.

TO-RENDE, _v._ rend in twain; To-renden, _pr. pl._ rend in pieces, wound, B 4. p 6. 224; To-rende, _pr. pl. subj._ tear in pieces, T. ii. 790; To-rente, _pt. s._ distracted, T. iv. 341; rent asunder, B 3215, 3451, C 709; tore in pieces, L. 820; tore violently, L. 2188; To-renten, _pt. pl._ tore in pieces, B 1. p 3. 28; To-rent, _pp._ rent in pieces, R. 329; 5. 432; C 102, E 1012. O. Friesic _t[=o]-renda_.

TORETS, _pl._ small rings on the collar of a dog (see note), A 2152. And see TURET.

TORMENT, _s._ torment, suffering, 5. 65; B 845; Turment, R. 274.

TORMENTE, _pr. s. subj._ torment, 18. 53; Tormenteth, _pr. s._ A 1314. See TURMENTE.

TORMENTINGE, _s._ tormenting, torture, E 1038.

T['O]RMENT['O]UR, _s._ tormentor, 10. 18; executioner, B 818, G 527, 532; Tormentoures, _pl._ G 373; Tormentours, G 376; Tormentours, _s. pl. as adj._ tyrannous, B 1. p 4. 27.

TORMENTRYE, _s._ torture, D 251.

TORMENTYSE, _s._ torment, B 3707.

TORN, _s._ turn, C 815; Turn, 16. 42.

TORN, _pp. of_ Tere, _v._

TORNEN, _v._ turn, T. iii. 179; A. i. 21. 3; Torne, _v._ turn, G 1403; return, A 1488; Tornest, _2 pr. s._ T. i. 196; Torneth, _pr. s._ T. i. 324; Torne, _pr. s. subj._ (_substituted for_ Terve), G 1274; Tornede, _pt. s._ T. iii. 444; Torned, _pp._ turned, B 3. p 2. 34; (_substituted for_ Terved), G 1171. O.F. _torner_. See TURNE; and see TERVE.

TORNEY (turnei), _s._ tourney, T. iv. 1669.

TO-ROMBLEN (t[=o]-rumblen), _v._ rumble, crash, L. 1218.

TORTUOS, _adj._ lit. tortuous, i.e. oblique, applied to the six signs of the zodiac (Capricorn to Gemini), which ascend most rapidly and obliquely, A. ii. 28. 19; Tortuous, B 302.

TO-SCATERED, _pp._ scattered abroad, dispersed, D 1969.

TO-SHAKE, _pp._ shaken to pieces, L. 962; tossed about, L. 1765.

TO-SHIVERED, _pp._ been broken to pieces, been destroyed, 5. 493.

TO-SHREDE, _pr. pl._ cut into shreds, A 2609.

TO-SLITERED, _pp._ slashed with numerous cuts, R. 840. _Sliteren_ is a frequentative form of _sliten_, to slit.

TO-STERTE, _v._ start asunder, burst, T. ii. 980.

TO-STOUPE, _v._ stoop forwards, D 1560.

TO-SWINKE, _pr. pl._ labour greatly, C 519.

TOTAL, _adj._ complete, I 292.

TO-TAR, _pt. s._ tore in pieces, rent, B 3801. See TO-TERE.

TOTELERE, _subst. as adj._ tattling, tale-bearing, L. 353. See note; and see _tutelere_ in Stratmann.

TO-TERE, _pr. pl._ rend, tear in pieces, C 474; To-tar, _pt. s._ rent, B 3801; To-tore, _pp._ G 635; To-torn, _pp._ torn in pieces, B 3. m 2. 13; much torn, 5. 110; defaced, T. iv. 358; torn, dishevelled, R. 327. A.S. _t[=o]-teran_.

TOTHER; _the tother_ (_for_ that other), the other, L. 325 a. See OON.

TO-TREDE, _v._; _al to-trede_, trample under foot, I 864.

TOTY, _adj._ dizzy, A 4253. Cf. E. _tott-er_. Spenser has _totty_; F. Q. vii. 7. 39; Shep. Cal. _Feb._ 55.

TOUCHE, _s._ touch, T. v. 443.

TOUCHE, _1 pr. s._ touch on, slightly indicate, 5. 285; Toucheth, _pr. s._ touches, A. ii. 27. 3; concerns, T. ii. 1407; Touched[`e], _pt. s._ touched, A 2561; Touched, _pt. s._ referred to, 7. 114; Touchinge, _part. pres._ touching, concerning, D 2290, F 1130.

TOUCHINGE, _s._ touch, I 207.

TOUGH, _adj._ troublesome, pertinacious, in phr. _make it tough_, to behave in a troublesome, pertinacious, and forward manner, T. v. 101; _made it tough_, was captious, 3. 531; behaved pertinaciously, T. iii. 87.

TOUMBE, _s._ a tomb, F 518; Tombe, B 1871, D 497.

TOUMBLING, _adj._ perishing, B 3. p 9. 124; instable (Lat. _caduca_), B 2. p 4. 110. See TOMBLINGE.

TOUN, _s._ town, A 217, 240, 478; farm, B 4138, I 898, 899; neighbourhood, R. 446; Toune, _dat._ town, T. i. 270; B 1983, 2028 (see notes), D 2294; Tounes, _pl._ L. 714; A 3025. See TOWNE.

TOUR, _s._ tower, 1. 154; 3. 946; L. 1960; A 1030, 1277, B 3599, 3615, F 176; tower, citadel, B 4. p 6. 33; tower (of London) A 3256; mansion (in astrology), 4. 113; Toure, _dat._ (_after_ of), A. ii. 41. 2; Toures, _pl._ 9. 24, 60; T. v. 730; B 2523, 3561, D 870. (In B 2096, the sense is that his crest was a miniature tower, with a lily above it.) F. _tour_.

TOURET, _s._ turret, A 1909.

TOURNE, _v._ turn, T. ii. 688; return, D 988. See TORNEN.

TOURNEYINGE, _s._ fighting in a tourney, a tournament, R. 1206.

TOURNEYMENT, _s._ a tournament, B 1906.

TOURNING, _s._ turning round, R. 761.

TOUTE, _s._ buttocks, backside, A 3812, 3853. Cf. Icel. _t[=u]ta_, a peak, prominence.

TOVERBYDE, _ger._ to overbide, i.e. to survive, D 1260.

TOW, _s._ tow, A 3774 (see note), D 89; Towe, _dat._ L. 2004.

TOW, TOWH, _adj._ tough, T. ii. 1025 _n_. See TOUGH.

TOWARD, _prep._ towards, A 27, C 119, 805; Towardes, C 706, F 1579.

TOWAYLE, _s._ towel, cloth, R. 161; Towaille, B 3935, 3943. F. _touaille_, O. F. _toaille_.

TOWNE; _out of t._, out of the town, away, T. iii. 570, 577, 1091. See TOUN.

TO-WONDE, _pt. s. subj._ (?) might fly in pieces, might become broken, 4. 102; _or pt. s._ (_with substitution of the weak for the strong form, as in_ abreyde), flew in pieces, became broken. The latter is more likely. The form _towond_, flew in pieces, occurs in Sir Ferumbras, 2568 (see Stratmann), and answers to an A.S. *_t[=o]-wand_, pt. t. of *_to-windan_. The simple form _wand_ is properly intransitive, as in 'him thaet h[=e]afod wand fordh on th[=a] flore,' his head flew (or rolled) forward on the floor (Judith, 110); and in 'him wand thaet h[=e]afod of,' his head flew (or rolled) off, Oros.v. 2. Lastly, it is possible that we should read _towond_, the true pt. t. form; we must then also read _hond_ and _lond_; and, in fact, _lond_ is preferable. The explanation 'whirl about' in the Century Dictionary is absurd. The spear would not be said '_almost_ to whirl about' or '_almost_ to revolve'; this involves a bathos. The form _towonde_ in Layamon, 4537, seems to be a similar substitution for _towond_. It can hardly be from _towendan_ (as in Stratmann), because that verb is properly transitive.

TO-YERE, _adv._ this year, T. iii. 241; HF. 84; D 168.

TRACE, _s._ trace, steps, 14. 3; Traas, trace, trail, procession, L. 285; Tras, trail, B 5. m 5. 3.

TRACE, _1 pr. pl._ trace out, follow, go, 5. 54.

TRAD, _pt. s. of_ Trede.

TRAGEDIE, _s._ a tragedy, tragic tale, B 3163, 3648, 3951; B 2. p 2. 51; _pl._ tragedies, B 3161; B 3. p 6. 3. See TREGEDIE.

TRAGEDIEN, _s._ writer of tragedy, B 3. p 6. 2.

TRAILINGE, _pres. pt._ I 419.

TRAISOUN, _s._ treason, B 4307. See TRESOUN.

TRAITORYE, treachery, 7. 156; B 781; Traiterie, HF. 1812.

TRAITOUR, _s._ traitor, L. 1659; HF.267; Traytour, 3. 1120.

TRANSFERRED, _pp._ B 2. p 5. 13.

TRANSFIGURE, _ger._ to transfigure, A 1105.

TRANSFORMETH, _pr. s._ transforms, B 4. p 6. 102; Transformed, _pp._ I 896.

TRANSITORIE, _adj._ transitory, B 3. p 4. 40, p 8. 27; T. iii. 827.

TRANSLACIOUN, _s._ translation, L. 324; Translacions, _pl._ I 1085.

TRANSLATEN, _ger._ to translate, L. 370; Translated into, transferred to, B 2. p 5. 15; Translated, _pp._ L. 329, 425; A. pr. 47; changed, dressed afresh, E 385.

TRANSMUTACIOUN, _s._ change, 10. 1; A 2839; -ouns, _pl._ HF. 1969.

TRANSMUWE, _v._ transform, T. iv. 467; Transmuwed, _pp._ T. iv. 830.

TRANSPORTEN, _v._ extend, B 1. p 4. 155; Transporteth, _pr. s._ transports, B 3. p 9. 15.

TRAPPE, _s._ trap, snare, 17. 24; A 145, F 1341, G 11; trap-door, entrance, T. iii. 741.

TRAPPED, _pp._ furnished with trappings, A 2890.

TRAPPE-DORE, _s._ trap-door, T. iii. 759.

TRAPPURES, _pl._ trappings for horses, A 2499.

TRAS, _s._ trace, trail, B 5. m 5. 3. See TRACE.

TRAUNCE, _s._ trance, T. ii. 1306, iv. 343; A 1572, E 1108, 1750, F 1081; half-conscious state, B 3906; brown study, D 2216.

TRAUNCE, _ger._ to tramp about, T. iii. 690 (see note). '_Trawnce_, v. to tramp. "Thae'rt noan fit to _trawnce_ up an' deawn o' this shap"; E. Waugh, _Factory Folk_, p. 195.' Lancashire Glossary, by Nodal and Milner, p. 269. Cf. Lat. _transire_.

TRAVAILE, _s._ labour; Travayle, hard work, R. 576; labour, T. i. 21; Travaile, labour and sorrow, 3. 602; work, motion, 10. 70; Travaille, labour, pains, T. i. 372; E 1210; Travailes, _pl._ labours, B 4. m 7. 20.

TRAVAILE, _v._ labour; Travaille, _v._ D 1365; Travaileth, _pr. s. reflex._ endeavours, B 3. p 11. 63; Travayleth, _pr. s._ travels, R. 370; Travailen, _2 pr. pl._ toil, B 2. p 7. 47; Travaileden, _pt. pl._ laboured, B 5. p 3. 31; Travailed, _pp._ afflicted, B 4. p 6. 184; Travailinge, _pres. pt._ travailing, A 2083.

TRAVE, _s._ wooden frame for holding unruly horses, A 3282. O. F. _tref_, from Lat. acc. _trabem_, beam.

TRAVERS, _s._ 'traverse,' a curtain, screen, T. iii. 674 (see note); E 1817.

TRAYED, _pt. s._ betrayed, HF. 390; L. 2486. Cf. E. _be-tray_. See TRAYSEN.

TRAYS, _s._ traces, T. i. 222; A 2139. O. F. _trais_, pl. of _trait_, a trace. The E. _traces_ is a _double_ plural; see _trait_ in Littr['e].

TRAYSEN, _ger._ to betray, T. iv. 438. From O.F. _traiss-_, a stem of the verb _trair_ (F. _trahir_); see TRAYED.

TRAYTERESSE, _s. fem._ traitress, 3. 620, 813.

TRAYTOUR, _s._ traitor, R. 1051; A 1130; Traytours, _gen. pl._ of traitors, _hence_ traitorous, C 896.

TREBLE, _adj._ triple, B 4. m 7. 26.

TRECHERYE, _s._ treachery, trickery, 5. 347; 7. 158; B 4520.

TRECHOURES, _pl._ traitors, R. 197. Spenser has _treachour_, F. Q. i. 4. 41; &c. O.F. _tricheor_.

TREDE, _1 pr. pl._ tread, A 3022; Tret, _pr. s._ treads, T. ii. 347; D 2002; Trad, _pt. s._ trode, B 4368; Troden, _pt. pl._ HF. 2153; Troden, _pp._ stepped, C 712.

TREDE-FOUL, _s._ tread-fowl, treader of fowls, B 3135, 4641.

TREDING, _s._ treading, B 3145.

TREE, _s._ tree, T. iii. 543; L. 785, 802; B 3933; wood, R. 948; T. ii. 47; D 101, E 558; the cross, A 3767, B 456; Trees, _pl._ R. 602, 605; 5. 173; A 607; B 4581.

TRAG['E]DIE, _s._ tragedy, sad story, T. v. 1786; see TRAGEDIE.

TREGETOUR, _s._ a juggler who used mechanical contrivances, HF. 1277 (see note); Tregetoures, _pl._ magicians who perform mechanical tricks, F 1141; Tregetours, F 1143; HF. 1260. O.F. _tresgetteres_ (Roquefort).

TREMOUR, _s._ tremor, T. v. 255.

TRENCH, _s._ a hollow walk, alley, F 392. F. _trancher_, to cut.

TRENCHANT, _adj._ cutting, sharp, A 3930.

TRENDEN, _v._ revolve, B 3. m 11. 2. See _trenden_, in Stratmann.

TRENTALS, _pl._ (sets of) thirty masses for the dead, D 1717, 1724.

TRESOR, _s._ treasure, wealth, 4. 256; 7. 32; L. 1652, 2658; B 442, C 779; Tresoor, D 204; Tresore, 3. 854; Tresour, R. 1180; T. iii. 874; B 3401; Tresours, _pl._ R. 184.

TRESORERE, _s._ treasurer, 1. 107; 19. 18.

TRESORIE, _s._ treasury, HF. 524; I 893.

TRESOUN, _s._ treason, treachery, 9. 63; L. 1783; D 723; Treson, A 2001, F 139, 506; Tres['o]n, betrayal, 3. 1122; Traisoun, B 4307; Tresons, _pl._ treasons, C 91.

TRESPACE, _v._ trespass, do wrong, transgress, sin, R. 1036; B 3370; Trespassen, _2 pr. pl._ I 138.

TRESPAS, _s._ trespass, wrong, B 2547, F 1366; fault, transgression, L. 408, 463; 4. 49.

TRESPASSOURS, _s. pl._ offenders, B 2548.

TRESSE, _s._ a (three-fold) plait (of hair), R. 779; HF. 230; A 1049; Tresses, _pl._ braids (of hair), R. 1021, 1107; L. 249; C 37, E 2308.

TRESSE, _ger._ to dress (my) hair, to plait, R. 599; Tressed, _pp._ plaited, R. 569, 779; D 344.

TRESSOUR, _s._ head-dress, R. 568. Probably a 'caul,' or net of gold thread. O.F. _tressoir_, _tressour_, _trecoer_; cf. Low Lat. _tressorium_.

TRET, _pr. s. of_ Trede.

TRET['A]BLE, _adj._ tractable, docile, I 658; yielding, L. 411; inclinable, 3. 923; inclined to talk, 3. 533. Lit. 'treatable.'

TRETE (tr[`e][`e]t[*e]), _v._ treat, T. iv. 58, v. 134; treat of, tell, 5. 34; _ger._ to treat, B 3501; to treat of, write, L. 575; Treten, _ger._ to speak, converse, C 64; Treten, _pr. pl._ treat, narrate, T. i. 742; Trete, _pr. pl._ discourse, treat, B 4453, C 630, F 220; L. 275 _a_, 309 _a_; Treted, _pp._ explained, B 5. p 1. 2.

TRETEE, _s._ treaty, HF. 433; A 1288, B 3865, C 619; treaty, discussion, F 1219; agreement, E 1892.

TRETIS, _s._ treaty, T. iv. 64, 136, 670; B 233; treatise, account, T. ii. 1697; treatise, A. pr. 4; story, B 2147; Tretice, treatise, I 957; Tretys, a treaty, E 331; Tretis, _pl._ treatises, A. ii. 34. 10.

TRETYS, _adj._ well-proportioned, long, A 152; well-fashioned, R. 1016, 1216; graceful, R. 932. O.F. _tretis_, _traitis_; see vol. i. p. 144, l. 1201 of the French text.

TREWE, _adj._ true, 3. 1287; 6. 44; A 531, B 135, D 1243, F 465; honest, L. 464; Trewe, _adj._ faithful, B 2. m 5. 2 (Lat. _fidelibus_); Trew, honest, F 537; _as sb. pl._ the faithful, B 456. A.S. _tr[=e]owe_, _tr[=y]we_.

TREWE, _adv._ correctly, 8. 4.

TREWE, _s._ truce, T. iii. 1779, iv. 58; Truwe, T. iv. 1312, 1314; Trewes, _pl._ the days of truce, T. v. 401. A.S. _tr[=e]ow_.

TREWE LOVE, _s._ true-love, probably a leaf of herb paris (see note), A 3692.

TREWELY, _adv._ truly, certainly, 3. 33, 35, 1048, 1197; L. 317; A 481, 761, E 53, F 910; Trewly, 3. 1111, 1151; Treweliche, E 804.

TREWER, _adj._ truer, 6. 117.

TREWER, _adv._ more truly, 3. 927.

TREWESTE, _adj. superl._ truest, F 1539; Trewest (_before a vowel_), 7. 217.

TREYE, _num._ 'tray,' three, C 653. O. F. _trei_, _treis_; Lat. _tres_.

TRIACLE, _s._ a sovereign remedy, B 479, C 314. O. F. _triacle_, Low Lat. _theriacum_, Gk. [Greek: theriakon], a remedy against the wounds made by wild beasts; from [Greek: ther], a wild beast.

TRIBULACIOUN, _s._ tribulation, T. v. 988; D 156.

TRIBUTARY, _adj._ tributary, subject, 3. 765; Tributarie, B 3866.

TRIKLED, _pt. pl._ trickled, B 1864; Trikling, _pres. pt._ D 1864.

TRILLE, _v._ turn, twirl, F 316; _imp. pl._ Trille, F 321. Cf. Swed. _trilla_, to roll, turn round.

TRINITEE, _s._ Trinity, D 1824.

TRIP, _s._ small piece, D 1747 (see note).

TRIPPE, _v._ dance, A 3328; Trippe, _ger._ to trip, to move briskly with the feet, F 312. Cf. Du. _trippen_, to skip, _trippelen_, to trip along.

TRIST, _s._ trust, T. i. 154, iii. 403.

TRISTE, _s._ tryst, station, T. ii. 1534. See _tristre_, in Stratmann.

TRISTE, _v._ trust, L. 333; T. i. 692, iii. 258, 587; B 2300; _ger._ to trust (to), L. 1885; I 473; Triste, _1 pr. s._ B 832; Tristest, _2 pr. s._ trustest, T. i. 720. Cf. Icel. _treysta_. See TRUSTE.

_Tristicia_, sadness, I 725.

TRI['U]MPHE, _s._ triumph, 7. 43; B 400.

TRODEN; see TREDE.

TROGH, _s._ trough, A 3627; Trough, A 4043. A.S. _trog_.

TROMPE (trump[*e]), _s._ trumpet, L. 635; A 674, 2174, B 705, I 160; Trompes, _gen. sing._ trumpet's, 5. 344; Trompes, _pl._ 9. 23. O. F. _trompe_.

TROMPED, _pt. s._ sounded the trumpet, E 1719.

TROMPES, _pl._ trumpeters, 7. 30; A 2671. _Trompe_ occurs in this sense in R. Eden, First Three Books on America, ed. Arber, p. 5, l. 9.

TROMPOURS, _pl._ trumpeters, A 2671 _n_.

TRONCHOUN, _s._ broken shaft of a spear, A 2615. O. F. _tronchon_.

TRONE, _s._ throne, T. iv. 1079, 1086; HF. 1384, 1397; A 2529, F 275; throne (of God), heaven, C 842. O. F. _trone_.

TROPIK, _s._ the turning-point, a name for the solstitial points, A. i. 17. 8, 39.

_Tropos_, _s._ a turning; but interpreted by Chaucer to mean 'agaynward,' i.e. backward, A. i. 17. 8. Gk. [Greek: tropos], a turn.

TROSTE, _ger._ to trust, L. 253 a. See TRUSTE.

TROTTE, _v._; Trotteth, _pr. s._ trots, i.e. goes, is, E 1538; Trotte, _imp. s._ D 838.

TROUBLABLE, _adj._ disturbing, B 4. m 2. 7.

TROUBLE, _adj._ tempestuous, turbid, B 1. m 7. 2; I 816; turbid, dull, H 279; disturbed, I 537; anxious, E 465; vexed, 6. 133.

TROUBLED, _pp. as adj._ 4. 161.

TROUBLY, _adj._ cloudy, obscure, B 4. m 5. 24. (Lat. _nubilus_).

TROUGH, _s._ A 4043; Trogh, A 3627.

TROUTHE, _s._ truth, 2. 74; 11. 10; 13. 7; A 46, G 238, I 349; fidelity, L. 267; troth, promise, 7. 227; A 1610, B 527, 3118, D 1009, 1013, E 2386, F 627, 645, 759, 998, 1320, 1601; Trouthes, _pl._ troth, C 702. A.S. _tr[=e]owdh_.

TROWEN, _v._ believe, HF. 699; T. i. 1020, v. 1635; _ger._ L. 1707; Trowe, _v._ T. ii. 956; G 378; Trowe, _1 pr. s._ trow, believe, imagine, A 155, 524, B 288, 400, 1074, C 689, G 667, H 44; 3. 687; 5. 677; Trow, _1 pr. s._ 3. 269, 544; Trowest, _2 pr. s._ 3. 651; D 1557; Trowestow, dost thou think, B 1. p 3. 16; B 4. p 2. 91; Troweth, _pr. s._ believes, B 2364; Trowe, _2 pr. pl._ G 171; _pr. pl._ B 222; Trowen, _pr. pl._ believe (in), give trust (to), L. 21 _a_; Trowed, _pt. s._ believed, A 3416; _pp._ A 1520; Trowinge, _pres. pt._ trusting, B 2636. A.S. _tr[=e]owian_.

TROYEWARDES, to, towards Troy, T. i. 59.

TRUFLES, _s. pl._ trifles, I 715. O. F. _trufle_.

TRUMPEN, _v._ blow the trumpet, HF. 1243; Trumpe, _v._ HF. 1629.

TRUSSED, _pp._ packed, A 681. O. F. _trousser_.

TRUSTE, _1 pr. pl._ trust, A 501; Truste, _imp. s._ let him trust, B 3914; Trusteth, _imp. pl._ trust, believe, HF. 66; L. 2561; A 2182, B 1048, E 1561, G 229, 889, I 42; be sure, R. 649. See TROSTE, TRISTE.

TRUWE, _s._ truce, T. iv. 1312, 1314. See TREWE.

TRYCE, _v._ pull, drag away, B 3715. Cf. E. _trice up_ (nautical term); Dan. _tridse_, Swed. _trissa_, a pulley, roller. See _trisen_ in Stratmann, and _trice_ (2) in my Etym. Dict.

TRYE, _adj._ choice, excellent, B 2046. From F. _trier_, to choose, select.

TRYNE COMPAS, the threefold world, containing earth, sea, and heaven, G 45. Lat. _trinus_, threefold.

TUBBE, _s._ tub, A 3621; Tubbes, _pl._ A 3626.

TUEL, _s._ pipe, slender chimney, HF. 1649. O. F. _tuel_; Cotgrave has _tuyau_, a pipe. See TUWEL.

TUFT, _s._ tuft, A 555.

TUKKED, _pp._ tucked, A 621.

TULLE, _v._ entice, allure, A 4134. See note; and see TOLLEN.

TUNGE, _s._ tongue, 1. 128, 4. 72; Tunges, _pl._ 4. 206. See TONGE.

TURET, _s._ the eye in which the ring of the astrolabe turned, A. i. 2. 1. Cotgrave has '_Touret_, the little ring by which a Hawkes _lune_, or _leash_, is fastened unto the Jesses.' See the note in Warton (Hist. E. P. ii. 315, ed. 1871), which seems to make the word equivalent to a _swivel_. See also TORETS.

TURMENT, _s._ torment, R. 274. See TORMENT.

TURMENTE, _ger._ to vex, L. 871; _v._ torment, L. 1165. See TORMENTE.

TURNE, _ger._ to turn, A 2454; _v._ turn (in a lathe), A 3928; Turnen, _v._ return, L. 2619; Turne, _3 imp. s._ may he turn, HF. 1, 58; Turne we, let us turn, 7. 204; Turned, _pp._ turned, 3. 599, 609; turned, at an end, 3. 689. See TORNEN.

TURNEYINGE, _s._ tournament, A 2557; Turneying, jousting, mock tournament, R. 1407. See TORNEY.

TURTEL, _s._ turtle-dove, 5. 355, 510, 577; A 3706, E 2080; Turtles, _gen. sing._ E 2139; _pl._ R. 662.

TURVES, _s. pl._ pieces of turf, turf-plots, patches of turf, L. 204; E 2235.

TUSKED, provided with tusks, F 1254.

TUSKES, _pl._ tusks, T. v. 1238, 1454.

TUWEL, _s._ hole, D 2148; Tuel, D 2148 _n_; pipe, slender chimney, HF. 1649. See TUEL.

TWELF, twelve, C 30, D 2257, E 736; Twelve, 3. 420, 463; A 527, F 383. A.S. _twelf_.

TWELFMONTH, _s._ twelvemonth, year, A 651, D 909.

TWELFTE, _adj._ twelfth, 4. 139. A.S. _twelfta_.

TWENTY, twenty, A 24, 82, 294; _a tw. devel weye_, in the name of twenty devils, G 782. See DEVIL.

TWEYE, two, A 704, 792, B 3214, 3356, 3547; C 30, 817, 824, &c.; Twey, B 2203; _tw. and tw._, in pairs, A 898. A.S. _twegen_.

TWEYFOLD, _adj._ twofold, double, G 566.

TWEYNE, twain, 2. 76; 4. 95; 7. 285; 20. 6; L. 268, 1963, 2489, 2495; T. iii. 1115; A 1134, F 756, 809, 1062.

TWIGGES, _s. pl._ twigs, HF. 1936, 1941; I 389, 390.

TWIGHTE, _pt. s._ twitched, drew quickly, T. iv. 1185; Twight, _pp._ distraught, (lit. twitched), T. iv. 572; pulled, D 1563. The infin. is _twicchen_.

TWINKELING, _s._ twinkling, opening and shutting (of the eye), 4. 222; Twinkling, momentary blinking, E 37.

TWINKLED, _pt. pl._ twinkled, A 267; _pp._ winked, B 2. p 3. 49.

TWINNE, _v._ sever, part, T. iv. 1197; L. 2032; _tw. from his wit_, lose his mind, 7. 102; depart, B 3195, F 577; _ger._ to separate, B 517; to depart (from), C 430; Twinne, _1 pr. s._ sever, part, T. iv. 758; _1 pr. pl._ separate, A 835; _2 pr. pl._ depart, G 182; _pr. pl._ separate, T. iii. 1711; Twinned, _pp._ separated, T. iv. 476.

TWINNINGE, _s._ separation, T. iv. 1303.

TWISTE, _s._ (1) twist, tendril, T. iii. 1230; (2) twig, small branch, spray, E 2349, F 442.

TWISTE, _v._ wring, torment, F 566; Twiste, _1 pt. s._ tortured, D 494; Twiste, _pt. s._ wrung, E 2005; _pt. pl._ wrung, T. iv. 254; Twiste, _pt. s. subj._ would compel, constrain, T. iii. 1769; Twist, _pp._ twisted, HF. 775.

TWITERETH, _pr. s._ twitters, chirps, B 3. m 2. 21.

TWO, two, A 639; _two so riche_, twice as rich, L. 2291. Cf. TEN.

TWO-FOTED, _adj._ two-footed, B 5. p 4. 138.

TWO-THIRD, two-third; _two-thrid partyes_, two-third parts, two-thirds, A. ii. 41 b. 7.

TWYES, _adv._ twice, A 4348, B 1058, 1738, 2223, 3049, 3337; A. pr. 35; Twye, A. i. 16. 13.

TWYN, _s._ twine, cord; Twynes, _gen. sing._ of cord, A 2030; Twyne, _dat._ L. 2016.

TWYNE, _v._ twine, twist, T. v. 7.

TYD, _sb._ time, hour, A. ii. 3. 10; T. ii. 1739; (_usually_) Tyde, R. 1452; 5. 97; L. 304 _a_; B 4286; season, F 142; Tyde, _dat._ T. i. 954; B 510, 798 (see note); _on a tyde_, on a time, 4. 51; Tydes, _pl._ tides, A 401; times, hours (Lat. _horas_), B 1. m 5. 13. A.S. _t[=i]d_.

TYDEN, _v._ befall, happen, B 337; Tydes, _pr. s._ betides, happens, comes (to), (a Northern form) A 4175; Tydeth, _pr. s._ happens, 4. 402; B 2. p 5. 105; Tit, _pr. s._ betides, T. i. 333; Tid, _pp._ betided, happened, T. i. 907, ii. 224, 464; HF. 255. A.S. _t[=i]dan_.

TYDIF, _s._ small bird, perhaps the titmouse, L. 154. See note; and see TIDIFS.

TYDING, _s._ a piece of news, HF. 2045; B 726, E 901; Tydinge, T. ii. 951; Tydinges, _pl._ tidings, T. ii. 1113; HF. 1888, 1894, 1907; B 129, E 752.

TYGRE, _s._ tiger, A 1677, E 1199, F 419, 543; B 3. p 8. 21; Tygres, _gen. pl._ HF. 1459.

TYLE, _s._ tile, D 2105; Tyles, _pl._ 3. 300; layers of bricks, L. 709.

TYME, _s._ time, A 35, 44, 102; G 1204; _by tyme_, early, betimes, L. 452; _in good tyme_, 3. 370; Tymes, _pl._ times, L. 1; A 534, E 226; hours, 5. 283; moments, R. 380; (_preceded by a number_) Tyme, _gen. pl._ times, T. i. 441, 457, v. 191; A 3996, D 1254, F 370. A.S. _t[=i]ma_; gen. pl. _t[=i]ma_ (preceded by a number).

TYMELY, _adj._ timely, soon, I 1066.

TYNE, _s._ barrel, large cask, 12. 9. O. F. _tine_.

TYRAUNT, _s._ tyrant, 5. 334; A 961, B 3727; ruler, B 3. p 5. 17; Tyraunts, _pl._ 9. 33; F 1368. See TIRAUNT.

TYREN, _v._ tear, rend, B 3. m 12. 30; Tyren, _pr. pl._ pull to pieces, T. i. 787. Probably from F. _tirer_, 'to draw, drag, ... pull, pluck, lug, tug'; Cotgrave.

TYTHERES, _pl._ payers of tithes, D 1312.

TYTHES, _pl._ tithes, A 486, D 1315.

TYTLED, _pp._ dedicated, I 894.

UGLY, _adj._ E 673.

UMBLE, _adj._. humble, B 2. m 1. 7 _n_.

_Umbra extensa_, OR _recta_, the lower part of the 'skale'; _Umbra versa_, the upper part of the same, or the part perpendicular to the 'crossline,' A. i. 12, 6; A. ii. 42. 1. See Fig. 1.

UMBREYDE, _pt. s._ upbraided, reproached, L. 1671. The prefix is the A.S. _ymb-_, about.

UNABLE, _adj._ wanting in ability, 15. 10.

UNAGREABLE, _adj._ miserable, B 1. m 1. 20 (Lat. _ingratas_).

UNAPT, _adj._ indisposed, T. i. 978.

UNASSAYED, _adj._ unexperienced, unproved, B 2. p 4. 69.

UNAVYSED, _pp._ unadvised, unaware, T. i. 378; unpremeditated, I 449.

UNBINDE, _ger._ to unbind, 5. 523.

UNBITYDE, _v._ fail to happen, B 5. p 4. 24, p 6. 116.

UNBODIE, _v._ leave the body, T. v. 1550.

UNBOKELE, _v._ unbuckle, F 555; Unbokeled, _pp._ unbuckled, A 3115; Unbokel, _imp. s._ undo, C 945. I 26.

UNBORE, _pp._ unborn, T. iii. 269.

UNBOUNDEN, _pp._ unbound, unwedded, divorced, E 1226.

UNBOWED, _adj._ unbent, B 4. m 7. 42.

UNBRENT, _pp._ unburnt, B 1658; Unbrende, _pp. pl._ HF. 173.

UNBROYDEN, _pp._ unbraided, T. iv. 817. A.S. _brogden_, pp of _bregdan_.

UNBRYDLED, unbridled, T. iii. 429.

UNBURIED, _pp._ F 1441.

UNBUXUMNESSE, _s._ unsubmissiveness, 24. 27 (vol. iv. p. xxvi).

UNCERTEYN, _adj._ uncertain, E 125.

UNCIRCUMSCRIPT, _pp._ incomprehensible, boundless, T. v. 1865.

UNCLE, _s._ T. ii. 87, 98, 122.

UNCLOSE, _v._ open, L. 65, 111; Unclosed, _pp._ L. 117.

UNCLOTHEDE, _pt. s._ stripped, B 4. m 7. 7.

UNCOMMITTED, _pp._ not entrusted to one, 5. 518.

UNCONNINGE, _adj._ ignorant, B 5. m 3. 25; Unconning, unskilful, 6. 75; Uncunninge, foolish, B 1. p 1. 43; Unkonning, unskilful, A 2393; Unkonninge, stupid, T. v. 1139. See UNCUNNINGE.

UNCONNINGE, _s._ ignorance, B 3066, I 1082; want of skill, 22, 69.

UNCONSTREYNED, _pp._ unconstrained, C 61.

UNCONVENABLE, _adj._ unsuitable, I 431. See UNCOVENABLE.

UNCOUPLE, _v._ to let loose, B 3692. See note.

UNCOUPLING, _s._ 3. 377.

UNCOUTH, _adj._ curious, A 2497; strange, HF. 1279 (where the text has _uncouthe_, but read _uncouth_); Unkouth, strange, T. ii. 151; Uncouth, foreign, B 2. p 2. 35; Uncouthe, _pl._ F 284. A.S. _unc[=u]dh_.

UNCOUTHLY, _adv._ uncommonly, strikingly, R. 584.

UNCOVENABLE, _adj._ unseemly, I 631; unfit, B 4. p 6. 208. See UNCONVENABLE.

UNCOVERED, _pp._ I 631.

UNCUNNINGE, _adj._ ignorant, foolish, B 1. p 1. 43; Unkunninge, ignorant, R. 686. See UNCONNINGE.

UNCURTEISLY, _adv._ rudely, E 2363.

UNDEFOULED, undefiled, B 2. p 4. 17.

UNDEPARTABLE, _adj._ inseparable, B 4. p 3. 39.

UNDER, _prep._ under, A 195, 393; beneath, T. i. 923; amongst, with, B 3. p 3. 36 (Lat. _sub_).

UNDERGROWE, _pp._ of short stature. A 156.

UNDERLINGES, _s. pl._ underlings, I 764.

UNDERMELES, _pl._ undern-times, _perhaps_ afternoons, D 875. See the note. 'Undermele, _Post-meridies'_; Prompt. Parv.

UNDERN, _s._ B 4412, E 260, 981. A particular time in the morning is here implied, either about 9 a.m., or somewhat later. As 9 a.m. is frequently called _prime_, perhaps we may take _undern_ to mean about the middle of the forenoon (from 9 a.m. to 12), i.e. about half past 10. But see the note to E 260, where it is pointed out that the time of _undern_ varied. It is allied to _under_, and means 'intervening period.' The original sense was probably mid-forenoon, i.e. at 9 a.m. (half-way between 6 and 12), or mid-afternoon, i.e. 3 p.m. (half-way between noon and 6 p.m.). Then, as _prime_ shifted from 6 to 9 a.m., _undern_ shifted from 9 to 10 or half-past ten. Not long ago, labourers spoke of their _levenses_ or _fourses_, or their repasts at 11 a.m. and 4 p.m. Cf. Gothic _undaurnimats_, lit. 'undern-meat,' used to translate Gk. [Greek: ariston], Luke, xiv. 12.

UNDERNETHE, _prep._ beneath, A 2077.

UNDERNOM, _pt. s._ perceived, G 243; Undernome, _pp._ reproved, I 401. A.S. _underniman_, to perceive, pt. t. _undernam_; cf. G. _unternehmen._ From A.S. _niman_, to take.

UNDERPUT, _pp._ subjected, B 1. p 6. 67.

UNDERPYGHTE, _pt. s._ stuffed, filled underneath, B 789. _Pyghte_ is 'pitched,' pt. t. of M.E. _picchen_, to pitch, place, set.

UNDERSPORE, _v._ thrust (the staff) under, push beneath, A 3465. The object was to lift the door off the hinges, partly by prising it up with a lever. I take the verb _sporen_ to mean 'to spur,' hence to push or thrust, as when a rider uses his spurs. Cf. A.S. _sporu_, heel, _spurnan_, to kick, spurn; also O. H. G. _widar-spor[=o]n_, to kick against; Lithuan. _spir-ti_, to strike against anything; Icel. _spora_, to spurn against.

UNDERSTONDE, _v._ understand, A 746, E 20, F 150; Understondeth, _pr. pl._ C 646; Understode, _pt. s. subj._ should understand, T. i. 1035; Understonde, _pp._ understood, T. v. 1186; B 520, 4070, D 379, F 437; Understondeth, _imp. pl._ know, G 1165.

UNDERSTONDING, _s._ understanding, 3. 565.

UNDERTAKE, _v._ affirm, E 803; _ger._ to conduct an enterprise, A 405; Undertake, _1 pr. s._ affirm, A 288; B 4401; warrant, R. 461, 997; dare say, B 3516; Undertaketh, _pr. s._ undertakes, T. ii. 807.

UNDESERVED, _pp._ (though) undeserved, T. iii. 1021.

UNDEVOCIOUN, _s._ lack of devotion, I 723.

UNDIDE, _pt. s. of_ Undo.

UNDIGNE, _adj._ unworthy, E 359, I 791.

UNDISCOMFITED, _pp._ unperturbed, B 1. m 4. 3.

UNDISCREET, _adj._ indiscreet, B 4624; undiscerning, E 996.

UNDO, _ger._ to unfold, reveal, 3. 899; _v._ unfasten, T. iii. 741; Undon, come undone, T. iii. 1735; Undoth, _pr. s._ unfolds, explains, R. 9; unfastens, opens, A 3727; Un-dide, _pt. s._ unfastened, R. 1280; T. iv. 352; Undo, _pp._ disclosed, R. 1663.

UNDOUTOUS, _adj._ undoubting, B 5. p 1. 20.

UNESCHEWABLY, _adv._ inevitably, infallibly, B 5. p 5. 86.

UNESCHUABLE, _adj._ inevitable, B 5. p 1. 66.

UNESPYED, _pp._ undetected, T. iv. 1457.

UNETHE, _adv._ scarcely; _wel unethe_, scarcely at all, L. 33 _a_; HF. 2041; Unethes, with difficulty, HF. 900. A.S. _un-_, not; _[=e]adh_, easy. See UNNETHE.

UNETHES, _adv._ with difficulty, T. ii. 566. See UNNETHES.

UNFAMOUS, _adj._ lost to fame, forgotten by fame, HF. 1146.

UNFELINGLY, _adv._ without feeling, T. ii. 19.

UNFESTLICH, _adj._ unfestive, jaded, F 366. (Here the O. F. _feste_ (F. _f[^e]te_) is found between an A.S. prefix _un-_ and an A.S. suffix _-lic_.)

UNFETTRE, _v._ unfetter, release, T. ii. 1216.

UNFEYNED, _adj._ unfeigned, true, 4. 291; 7. 289; G 434.

UNFOLDE, _ger._ to unfold, T. ii. 1702; Unfoldeth, _pr. s._ evolves, discloses, B 4. m 5. 5 (Lat. _explicet_); Unfolden, _pp._ expanded, B 4. p 6. 85, 92.

UNFORGED, _adj._ not (yet) forged, 9. 49.

UNGENTEL, _adj._ ignoble, plebeian, B 2. p 4. 59.

UNGILTIF, _adj._ guiltless, T. iii. 1018.

UN-GROBBED, _adj._ not digged round, 9. 14.

UNHAP, _s._ ill luck, T. i. 552; Unhappe, _dat._ misfortune, HF. 89; 16. 29; Unhappes, _pl._ mishaps, T. ii. 456.

UNHAPPILY, _adv._ unluckily, T. v. 937.

UNHARDY, _adj._ not bold, cowardly, A 4210.

UNHELE, _s._ misfortune, sickness, C 116. A.S. _unh[=ae]lo_.

UNHOLSOM, _adj._ ailing, weak, T. iv. 330.

UNHORSED, _pp._ A 2625.

UNITEE, _s._ unity, T. iii. 29; B 2868, E 1334.

UNIVERSALITEE, _s._ universality, B 5. P 5. 42.

UNIVERSE; _in universe_, universally, T. iii. 36.

UNIVERSEL, _s._ universality, totality, B 5. p 4. 137.

UNIVERSELS, _adj. pl._ universal, B 5. p 4. 122.

UNIVERSITEE, _s._ the universal, B 5. p 4. 115; universality, B 5. p 4. 130.

UNIOIGNEN (unjoinen), _v._ disjoin, B 3. p 12. 28; Unioinen, _pr. pl._ B 5. m 1. 5; Unioined, _pp._ B 5. m 3. 1.

UNIOYFUL (unjoiful), _adj._ joyless, B 2. p 5. 59.

UNKINDE, _adj._ unnatural, 5. 358, 457; B 88; cruel, 5. 434; ungrateful, 1. 166.

UNKINDELY, _adv._ unkindly, T. i. 617; HF. 295; unnaturally, C 485, I 154, 577.

UNKINDENESSE, _s._ unkindness, 7. 292; B 1057; unnatural conduct, unkindness, L. 153.

UNKIST, _adj._ unkissed, T. i. 809.

UNKNITTEN, _v._ unknit, B 5. p 3. 22.

UNKNOWABLE, _adj._ not to be known, B 2. m. 7. 18.

UNKNOWEN, _adj._ unknown, 9. 6; Unknowe, T. i. 616; L. 2034; A. pr. 13; A 126, 1406, F 246.

UNKONNING, _adj._ unskilful, A 2393; Unkonninge, _pl._ stupid, T. v. 1139. See UNCONNINGE, UNKUNNINGE.

UNKORVEN, _adj._ uncut, unpruned, 9. 14.

UNKOUTH, _adj._ strange, T. ii. 151. See UNCOUTH.

UNKUNNINGE, _adj._ ignorant, R. 686. See UNCUNNINGE.

UNLACED, _pp._ disentangled, B 3. p 12. 118.

UNLEVEFUL, _adj._ not to be permitted, not permissible, B 5. p 3. 19; I 593, 777.

UNLOVEN, _ger._ to cease to love, T. v. 1698.

UNLUST, _s._ disinclination, I 680. A.S. _unlust_.

UNLYK, _adj._ dissimilar, B 4. p 6. 138; unlike, E. 156.

UNLYKLINESSE, _s._ unlikeliness, difficulty in pleasing, T. i. 16.

UNLYKLY, _adj._ unpleasing, E 2180; unlikely, 6. 95.

UNMANHOD, _s._ an unmanly act, T. i. 824.

UNMEKE, _adj._ proud, B 4. m 7. 27; ungentle, R. 590.

UNMERIE, _adj._ sad, HF. 74.

UNMESURABLE, _adj._ immoderate, I 813.

UNMETE, _adj._ unfit, 6. 75; discordant, R. 752; ill-looking, R. 990.

UNMIGHTY, _adj._ impotent, B 1. m 4. 12; unable, T. ii. 858.

UNMOEVABLE, _adj._ immovable, B 4. p 6. 72; B 5. p 6. 49.

UNMOEVABLETEE, _s._ immobility, B 4. p 6. 89.

UNNESTE, _imp. s._ leave thy nest, T. iv. 305.

UNNETHE, _adv._ scarcely, hardly, with difficulty, R. 352, 833; B 1. p 6. 24; B 5. p 6. 120; 3. 712; 4. 128; 5. 201, 264, 314; 7. 135. 190; A 3121, B 1050, 1816, 3611, D 198, E 384, 403, F 1347, G 563, I 92, 490; L. 959, 2427, 2437; Unneth (a bad form), 3. 270. A common form; but better spelt _unethe_; see UNETHE.

UNNETHES, _adv._ scarcely, T. i. 301; B 1675, D 2168, E 318, 893, F 736, G 1390; L. 233, 1399. Better spelt _unethes_; see UNETHES.

UNORDRED, _adj._ unordained, _or_ not belonging to a religious order, I 961.

UNPARFIT, _adj._ imperfect, B 3. p 9. 16.

UNPARIGAL, _adj._ unequal (Lat. _inparem_), B 3. p 1. 8.

UN-PINNE, _v._ un-pin, unfasten, T. iii. 698.

UNPITOUS, _adj._ unkind, B 1. m 1. 20 (Lat. _impia_).

UNPLEYTEN, _v._ unplait, explain, unfold, B 2. p 8. 7; Unpleyteth, _pr. s._ explains, makes out, B 5. m 4. 15.

UNPREYED, _adj._ unasked, T. iv. 513.

UNPUNISSHED, _adj._ with impunity (Lat. _impune_), B 3. p 4. 35.

UNPURVEYED, _adj._ unprovided, uncared for, B 2. p 1. 15.

UNRACED, _adj._ unbroken, untorn, B 4. p 1. 35.

UNREMEVED, _pp._ unremoved, without (its) being moved, A. ii. 46. 23.

UNR['E]PROV['A]BLE, _adj._ without reproach, L. 691.

UNRESONABLE, _adj._ unreasonable, F 872.

UNRESTE, _s._ unrest, restlessness, B 4. p 6. 123; T. v. 1567; D 1104, E 719; misery, L. 1339.

UNRESTY, _adj._ restless, T. v. 1335.

UNREVERENTLY, _adv._ irreverently, I 582.

UNRIGHT, _s._ wrong, T. iv. 550; harm, injury, T. ii. 453; D 1093.

UNRIGHT, _adv._ wrongly, T. v. 661.

UNRIGHTFUL, _adj._ unrighteous, unjust, B 4. m 4. 9; wicked, L. 1771.

UNRIGHTFULLY, _adv._ unjustly, B 1. m 5. 28.

UNSAD, _adj._ unsettled, E 995. See SAD.

UNSAVORY, _adj._ displeasing, I 510.

UNSCIENCE, _s._ unreal knowledge, no knowledge, B 5. p 3. 72.

UNSELINESSE, _s._ unhappiness, B 4. p. 4. 26, 40, 81; Unselinesses, _pl._ B 4. p 4. 23.

UNSELY, _adj._ unhappy, B 2. p 4. 6; B 4. p 4. 15, 37, 65; G 468; unsuccessful, A 4210; unfortunate, T. i. 35. A.S. _uns[=ae]lig_.

UNSET, _adj._ unappointed, A 1524.

UNSHETHE, _1 pr. s._ unsheathe, cause to depart, remove, T. iv. 776.

UNSHETTE, _pt. s._ unlocked, E 2047.

UNSHETTE, _adj. pl._ not shut, HF. 1953.

UNSHEWED, _pp._ unconfessed, I 999.

UNSITTINGE, _adj._ unfit, T. ii. 307. See SITTINGE.

UNSKILFUL, _adj._ undiscerning, foolish, T. i. 790.

UNSKILFULLY, _adv._ unreasonably, B 1. p 4. 144; unjustly, ill, B 3. p 6. 2.

UNSLEKKED, _adj._ unslacked, G 806. To _slack_ is to deprive lime of cohesion by combining it with water. A.S. _slacian_, to slacken, relax.

UNSOFTE, _adj._ harsh, E 1824; hard, HF. 36.

UNSOGHT, _adj._ not sought after, 2. 104; Unsought, T. i. 809.

UNSOLEMPNE, _adj._ uncelebrated, B 1. p 3. 42.

UNSOWE, _adj._ not sown, 9. 10.

UNSOWEN, _pr. pl._ unsew, I 622.

UNSPEEDFUL, _adj._ unfruitful, unprofitable, B 5. p 6. 214.

UNSTABLE, _adj._ unstable, weak, B 1877.

UNSTAUNCHABLE, _adj._ inexhaustible, B 2. p 7. 78 (Lat. _inexhausta_).

UNSTAUNCHED, _adj._ insatiate, B 2. p 6. 73 (Lat. _inexpletam_).

UNSTEDEFAST, _adj._ unstable, B 4. P 3. 83, p 6. 166.

UNSTEDFASTNESSE, _s._ inconstancy, L. 526 _a_; 21. 3; Unstedefastnesse, frailty, I 584.

UNSTRAUNGE, _adj._ well-known, familiarly known, A. ii. 17. _rubric_. The _unstrange_ stars are those which are represented upon the Rete of the Astrolabe. See INDETERMINAT.

UNSWELLE, _v._ decrease in fulness, become less full, T. iv. 1146, v. 214.

UNSWETE, _adj._ bitter, dreadful, HF. 72.

UNTEYE, _v._ untie, 26. 32 (vol. iv. p. xxx); Unteyd, _pp._ free, T. ii. 752.

UNTHANK, _s._ no thanks, want of thanks, T. v. 699; the reverse of thanks, a curse, A 4081.

UNTHRIFT, _s._ nonsense, T. iv. 431.

UNTHRIFTILY, _adv._ poorly, G 893. See THRIFT.

UNTHRIFTY, _adj._ profitless, T. iv. 1530.

UNTO, _prep._ unto, A 243, &c.; _conj._ until, 5. 647.

UNTOLD, _adj._ uncounted, A 3780.

UNTORMENTED, _adj._ no longer tormented, T. i. 1011.

UNTRESSED, _adj._ with hair not done up into tresses, loose, 5. 268; undight, unarranged, E 379; unplaited, A 1289.

UNTRETABLE, _adj._ inexorable, B 2. p 8. 2. Lit. 'not to be treated with.'

UNTREWE, _adj._ untrue, false, 5. 434; 6. 123; T. ii. 786; B 3218, F 984.

UNTREWE, _adv._ untruly, A 735.

UNTRISTE, _v._ distrust, T. iii. 839.

UNTROUTHE, _s._ untruth, deceit, falsehood, faithlessness, L. 1677, 1890; HF. 384, 395; B 687.

UNTRUST, _s._ distrust, E 2206.

UNTYME; _in untyme_, at odd times, between meals, out of season, I 1051.

UNUSAGE, _s._ want of use, B 2. p 7. 38.

UNWAR, _adj._ unaware, T. i. 304, v. 1559; unexpected, B 2. p 2. 50; B 427, 3954; unforeseen, accidental, B 5. p 1. 64.

UNWAR, _adv._ unexpectedly, unawares, T. i. 549; F 1356, I 885.

UNWARLY, _adv._ unawares, B 1. m 1. 9.

UNWELDE, _adj._ (unwieldy), impotent, too weak to support herself, R. 359; difficult to move, H 55; difficult to move and control, A 3886.

UNWEMMED, _adj._ unspotted, spotless, B 2. p 4. 17; B 5. p 6. 207; 1. 91; B 924, G 137, 225. A.S. _wem_, a spot, blemish.

UNWENED, _adj._ unexpected, B 4. p 6. 162.

UNWIST, _adj._ unknown, T. ii. 1294, iii. 603, 770, 789; (it being) unknown, A 2977; _unwist of_, uninformed of, T. i. 93; unknown by, L. 1653.

UNWIT, _s._ folly, 4. 271; want of wit, G 1085.

UNWITING, _pres. part._ unknowing, being unaware, G 1320.

UNWITING, _adv._ unwittingly, without (her) knowledge, F 936.

UNWITINGLY, _adv._ unknowingly, C 486.

UNWORSHIPFUL, _adj._ unhonoured, B 3. m 4. 6.

UNWORTHIESTE, _adj. superl._ most unworthy, 5. 512.

UNWORTHY, _adj._ E 359.

UNWOT, _pr. s._ fails to know, B 5. p 6. 112. See WITEN.

UNWRAPPEN, _ger._ to unfold, B 4. p 6. 2; Unwrappeth, _pr. s._ discloses, B 103.

UNWRYE, _v._ uncover, reveal, T. i. 858. Cf. A.S. _wr[=e]on_, to cover.

UNWYS, _adj._ unwise, foolish, R. 1162; 17. 27.

UNYOLDEN, _pp._ without having yielded, A 2642, 2724.

UP, _adv._ up, open (outwards, not upwards), A 3801; _as v._ up with, HF. 1021; _up and doun_, T. ii. 659, 815, v. 1650; all over, in various ways, here and there, B 53, 3725, 3747; 4. 210; in all directions, A 977; backwards and forwards, A 1052; Up so doun, topsy-turvy, 15. 5. See UP-SO-DOUN.

UP, _prep._ on, upon, A. ii. 1. 2; A 2543, 4290, B 795, 884, D 1145; 3. 750, 922; HF. 1570; _up peril_, on peril, D 2271; _up peyne_, under the penalty, HF. 1570; D 1587; _up poynt_, on the point, ready, T. iv. 1153.

UP-BORN, _pp._ upborne, valued, T. i. 375.

UP-BOUNDE, _pp._ bound up, T. iii. 517.

UP-BREYDE, _v._ upbraid, reproach, 7. 118; T. v. 1710.

UP-CASTE, _pt. s._ cast up, B 906; Up-casteth, _imp. pl._ cast up, lift up, T. v. 1838.

UP-DROW, _pt. s._ drew up, L. 1459. See DRAWE.

UP-ENBOSSED, _pp._ raised, embossed, L. 1200.

UP-HAF, _pt. s._ uplifted, A 2428. Pt. t. of _up-heven_.

UPHEPINGE, _s._ heaping up, B 2. p 3. 31.

UPON, _prep._ upon, A 131, 541, &c.; in, F 925; in addition to, B 3. p 10. 98; against, 3. 1023; D 1313.

UPON, _used adverbially_, upon (him or her), on, D 559, 1382.

UPPE, _adv._ up, i.e. left open, F 615. A.S. _uppe_, aloft.

UPPER, _adv. comp._ higher, HF. 884, 961; Uppere, more upward, A. ii. 12. 13.

UPPERESTE, _adj. superl._ uppermost, B 1. p 1. 26.

UP-PLIGHT, _pp._ plucked up, pulled up, B 3239.

UP-REYSED, _pp._ raised, L. 1163.

UP-RIGHT, _adj._ perpendicular, B 5. m 5. 12; upright, straight, A 3264; upright, erect, R. 1702; T. ii. 333.

UPRIGHT, _adv._ upright, 3. 46; i.e. reversed, D 2266; _also_, lying on one's back (mostly of people asleep or dead); lying on one's back, _asleep_, 3. 175; A 4194, B 3761, C 674, D 578; lying on one's back, _dead_, R. 1604; A 2008, B 1801, 4232, D 768. See BOLT-UPRIGHT.

UP-RIST, _pr. s._ rises up, 4. 4; T. iv. 1443; L. 1188; A 4249. See UPRYSETH.

UP-RISTE, _s. dat._ up-rising, A 1051. The nom. case is _up-rist_; see Stratmann; and cf. A.S. _[=ae]-rist_, resurrection.

UPRONNE, _pp._ run up, i.e. ascended, F 386. Cf. A 8.

UPRYGHT, _adv._ upright, erect, 3. 622. See UPRIGHT.

UPRYSETH, _pr. s._ rises up, L. 49. See UP-RIST.

UP-SO-DOUN, _adv._ upside down, B 5. p 3. 60; A 1377, G 625 (see note), I 260, 263; 15. 5.

UPSPRINGE, _v._ rise (as the sun), 4. 14; Up-sprong, _pt. s._ sprang up, 9. 10.

UPSTERTE, _pt. s._ upstarted, arose, A 1080, 1299; Upstirte, T. iv. 183; started up, D 794.

UPWARD, _adv._ T. v. 1108; up (from the bed), L. 1645.

UP-YAF, _pt. s._ yielded up, gave, A 2427. Pt. t. of _up-yeven_.

UP-YOLDEN, _pp._ yielded up, A 3052. Pp. of _up-yelden_.

URINALS, _s. pl._ C 305.

URINE, _s._ D 121; Uryne, D 134.

URNE, _s._ urn, T. v. 311.

US, us, A 748; _dat._ for us, A 747, &c.; Us self, ourselves, E 108; Us-selve, I 349.

US['A]GE, _s._ usage, custom, habit, R. 293; 5. 411; A 110, E 785, F 691; _hadde in us['a]ge_, was accustomed, B 1696; _was in us['a]ge_, B 1717; practice, use, B 4. p 6. 186; possession, B 4. p 6. 213; familiarity, B 1. p 1. 41; _['u]sage_, usage, habit, custom, 5. 15; C 899; use, L. 2337; Us['a]ges, _pl._ usages, T. ii. 28.

USAUNCE, _s._ custom, R. 683; 5. 674; L. 586, 1476; Usaunces, _pl._ usages, B 3. p 4. 64 (see note).

USAUNT, _pres. pl. as adj._ addicted, I 821; accustomed, A 3940.

USEN, _ger._ to accustom, I 245; _v._ use, B 44; Useth, _pr. s._ is accustomed, L. 364; Use, _2 pr. pl._ use, G 1409; Usen, _1 pr. pl._ are wont, T. iv. 182; Usedest, _2 pt. s._ didst enjoy, A 2385; Used, _pt. s. or pl._ used, B 1689; Useden, _pt. pl._ were accustomed, L. 787; Use, _imp. s._ use, i.e. make the best of, B 2. p 1. 44 (see note); Usinge, _pres. part. as adj._ accustomed, D 777; Used, _pp._ accustomed, G 666; _as adj._ wonted, B 1. m 5. 10.

USING, _s._ use (of it), 18. 42.

US-SELVE, _pron._ ourselves, I 349; Us-self, E 108.

USSHERS, _s. pl._ ushers, F 293.

USURE, _s._ usury, R. 185, B 1681, D 1309.

USURPE, _1 pr. s._ usurp, claim, A. pr. 42.

US-WARD, TO, towards us, A. i. 17. 40; B 2938; _fro u._, away from us, A. i. 17. 9.

UTILITE, _s._ utility, A. ii. 26. 16.

UTTER, _adj._ outer, outward, G 498. See OUTER.

UTTERESTE, _adj. superl._ outermost, B 3. p 11. 88; farthest, B. 1. p 1. 60; supreme, E 787. See OUTERESTE.

UTTERLY, _adv._ utterly, A 237; entirely, fully, A 1154. See OUTERLY.

VACACIOUN, _s._ spare time, D 683.

VACHE, _s._ cow, beast, 13. 22. The reference is to a quadruped who looks _down to the earth_; see note to 13. 19.

VACHET, _for_ Wachet, A 3321 _n_.

VALANCE, _s._ (_possibly_) sign of Zodiac opposite the mansion of a planet, 4. 145. See note.

VALE, _s._ A 2626.

VALENTYNES; the book of seint Valentynes day of the Parlement of Briddes, I 1086.

VALERIAN, _s._ valerian, G 800.

VALEWE, _s._ value, R. 1116. See VALUE.

VALEY, _s._ valley, 3. 165; T. i. 950, v. 67; Val['e]ye, _dat._ 3. 155; HF. 1918; Valeys, _pl._ HF. 899.

VAL['O]UR, _s._ worth, R. 957, 1043.

VAL['U]E, _s._ value, L. 602; I 151; V['a]lewe, R. 1116.

VANE, _s._ a vane, weather-cock, E 996.

VANISHE, _v._ vanish, F 328; Vanish, _1 pr. s._ shrink up, waste away, C 732; Van['i]sshed, _pt. s._ vanished, F 342; _pp._ gone, D 996.

VANISSHINGE, _s._ vanishing, disappearance, A 2360.

VANITEE, _s._ vanity, folly, T. iv. 536; A 3835, E 250; vain thing, B 4201; Vanitees, _pl._ vain things, B 4281.

VAPOUR, _s._ vapour, mist, B 2375, F 393; Vap['o]ur, influence, T. iii. 11.

VARIABLE, _adj._ 15. 8.

VARIACIOUN, _s._ difference, A 2588.