Chapter XXXI: Part III: Supplemental Provisions (1)

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{Sidenote: Abrogation of common law rights}

31. No person shall be entitled to copyright or any similar right in any literary, dramatic, musical, or artistic work, whether published or unpublished, otherwise than under and in accordance with the provisions of this Act, or of any other statutory enactment for the time being in force, but nothing in this section shall be construed as abrogating any right or jurisdiction to restrain a breach of trust or confidence.

{Sidenote: Provisions as to Orders in Council}

32.--(1) His Majesty in Council may make Orders for altering, revoking, or varying any Order in Council made under this Act, or under any enactments repealed by this Act, but any Order made under this section shall not affect prejudicially any rights or interests acquired or accrued at the date when the Order comes into operation, and shall provide for the protection of such rights and interests.

(2) Every Order in Council made under this Act shall be published in the London Gazette and shall be laid before both Houses of Parliament as soon as may be after it is made, and shall have effect as if enacted in this Act.

{Sidenote: Saving of university copyright. 15 Geo. 3. c. 53}

33. Nothing in this Act shall deprive any of the universities and colleges mentioned in the Copyright Act, 1775, of any copyright they already possess under that Act, but the remedies and penalties for infringement of any such copyright shall be under this Act and not under that Act.

{Sidenote: Saving of compensation to certain libraries}

34. There shall continue to be charged on, and paid out of, the Consolidated Fund of the United Kingdom such annual compensation as was immediately before the commencement of this Act payable in pursuance of any Act as compensation to a library for the loss of the right to receive gratuitous copies of books:

Provided that this compensation shall not be paid to a library in any year, unless the Treasury are satisfied that the compensation for the previous year has been applied in the purchase of books for the use of and to be preserved in the library.

{Sidenote: Interpretation}

35.--(1) In this Act, unless the context otherwise requires,--

"Literary work" includes maps, charts, plans, tables, and
compilations;

"Dramatic work" includes any piece for recitation, choregraphic work
or entertainment in dumb show, the scenic arrangement or acting form
of which is fixed in writing or otherwise, and any cinematograph
production where the arrangement or acting form or the combination of
incidents represented give the work an original character;

"Artistic work" includes works of painting, drawing, sculpture and
artistic craftsmanship, and architectural works of art and engravings
and photographs;

"Work of sculpture" includes casts and models;

"Architectural work of art" means any building or structure having an
artistic character or design, in respect of such character or design,
or any model for such building or structure, provided that the
protection afforded by this Act shall be confined to the artistic
character and design, and shall not extend to processes or methods of
construction;

"Engravings" include etchings, lithographs, woodcuts, prints, and
other similar works, not being photographs;

"Photograph" includes photo-lithograph and any work produced by any
process analogous to photography;

"Cinematograph" includes any work produced by any process analogous
to cinematography;

"Collective work" means--

(_a_) an encyclopaedia, dictionary, year book, or similar work;

(_b_) a newspaper, review, magazine, or similar periodical; and

(_c_) any work written in distinct parts by different authors, or
in which works or parts of works of different authors are
incorporated;

"Infringing," when applied to a copy of a work in which copyright
subsists, means any copy, including any colourable imitation, made,
or imported in contravention of the provisions of this Act;

"Performance" means any acoustic representation of a work and any
visual representation of any dramatic action in a work, including
such a representation made by means of any mechanical instrument;

"Delivery," in relation to a lecture, includes delivery by means of
any mechanical instrument;

"Plate" includes any stereotype or other plate, stone, block, mould,
matrix, transfer, or negative used or intended to be used for
printing or reproducing copies of any work, and any matrix or other
appliance by which records, perforated rolls or other contrivances
for the acoustic representation of the work are or are intended to be
made;

"Lecture" includes address, speech, and sermon;

"Self-governing dominion" means the Dominion of Canada, the
Commonwealth of Australia, the Dominion of New Zealand, the Union of
South Africa, and Newfoundland.

(2) For the purposes of this Act (other than those relating to infringements of copyright), a work shall not be deemed to be published or performed in public, and a lecture shall not be deemed to be delivered in public, if published, performed in public, or delivered in public, without the consent or acquiescence of the author, his executors administrators or assigns.

(3) For the purposes of this Act, a work shall be deemed to be first published within the parts of His Majesty's dominions to which this Act extends, notwithstanding that it has been published simultaneously in some other place, unless the publication in such parts of His Majesty's dominions as aforesaid is colourable only and is not intended to satisfy the reasonable requirements of the public, and a work shall be deemed to be published simultaneously in two places if the time between the publication in one such place and the publication in the other place does not exceed fourteen days, or such longer period as may, for the time being, be fixed by Order in Council.

(4) Where, in the case of an unpublished work, the making of a work has extended over a considerable period, the conditions of this Act conferring copyright shall be deemed to have been complied with, if the author was, during any substantial part of that period, a British subject or a resident within the parts of His Majesty's dominions to which this Act extends.

(5) For the purposes of the provisions of this Act as to residence, an author of a work shall be deemed to be a resident in the parts of His Majesty's dominions to which this Act extends if he is domiciled within any such part.

{Sidenote: Repeal}

36. Subject to the provisions of this Act, the enactments mentioned in the Second Schedule to this Act are hereby repealed to the extent specified in the third column of that schedule:

Provided that this repeal shall not take effect in any part of His Majesty's dominions until this Act comes into operation in that part.

{Sidenote: Short title and commencement}

37.--(1) This Act may be cited as the Copyright Act, 1911.

(2) This Act shall come into operation--

(_a_) in the United Kingdom, on the first day of July nineteen
hundred and twelve or such earlier date as may be fixed by Order in
Council;

(_b_) in a self-governing dominion to which this Act extends, at
such date as may be fixed by the Legislature of that dominion;

(_c_) in the Channel Islands, at such date as may be fixed by the
States of those islands respectively;

(_d_) in any other British possession to which this Act extends, on
the proclamation thereof within the possession by the Governor.

FIRST SCHEDULE.

EXISTING RIGHTS.

----------------------------------------------------------------------
EXISTING RIGHT. | SUBSTITUTED RIGHT.
----------------------------------------------------------------------

_(a) In the case of Works other than Dramatic and Musical Works._

_(b) In the case of Musical and Dramatic Works._

Both copyright and performing | Copyright as defined by this Act.[3]
right. |
Copyright, but not performing | Copyright as defined by this Act,
right. | except the sole right to perform
| the work or any substantial
| part thereof in public.
Performing right, but not copy- | The sole right to perform the
right. | work in public, but none of the
| other rights comprised in copy-
| right as defined by this Act.
----------------------------------------------------------------------

For the purposes of this Schedule the following expressions, where used in the first column thereof, have the following meanings:--

"Copyright," in the case of a work which according to the
law in force immediately before the commencement of this Act
has not been published before that date and statutory
copyright wherein depends on publication, includes the right
at common law (if any) to restrain publication or other
dealing with the work;

"Performing right," in the case of a work which has not been
performed in public before the commencement of this Act,
includes the right at common law (if any) to restrain the
performance thereof in public.

Footnote 3: In the case of an essay, article, or portion
forming part of and first published in a review, magazine,
or other periodical or work of a like nature, the right
shall be subject to any right of publishing the essay,
article, or portion in a separate form to which the author
is entitled at the commencement of this Act, or would if
this Act had not been passed have become entitled under
section eighteen of the Copyright Act, 1842.

SECOND SCHEDULE.

ENACTMENTS REPEALED.

_6a._ FINE ARTS COPYRIGHT ACT, 1862

[_Unrepealed Sections_]

(25 & 26 VICTORIA, CHAPTER 68)

{Sidenote: Penalties on fraudulent Productions and Sales}

VII. No Person shall do or cause to be done any or either of the following Acts; that is to say,

First, no Person shall fraudulently sign or otherwise affix,
or fraudulently cause to be signed or otherwise affixed, to
or upon any Painting, Drawing, or Photograph, or the
Negative thereof, any Name, Initials, or Monogram:

Secondly, no Person shall fraudulently sell, publish,
exhibit, or dispose of, or offer for Sale, Exhibition, or
Distribution, any Painting, Drawing, or Photograph, or
Negative of a Photograph, having thereon the Name, Initials,
or Monogram of a Person who did not execute or make such
Work:

Thirdly, no Person shall fraudulently utter, dispose of, or
put off, or cause to be uttered or disposed of, any Copy or
colourable Imitation of any Painting, Drawing, or
Photograph, or Negative of a Photograph, whether there shall
be subsisting Copyright therein or not, as having been made
or executed by the Author or Maker of the original Work from
which such Copy or Imitation shall have been taken:

Fourthly, where the Author or Maker of any Painting,
Drawing, or Photograph, or Negative of a Photograph, made
either before or after the passing of this Act, shall have
sold or otherwise parted with the Possession of such Work,
if any Alteration shall afterwards be made therein by any
other Person, by Addition or otherwise, no Person shall be
at liberty, during the Life of the Author or Maker of such
Work, without his Consent, to make or knowingly to sell or
publish, or offer for Sale, such Work or any Copies of such
Work so altered as aforesaid, or of any Part thereof, as or
for the unaltered Work of such Author or Maker:

{Sidenote: Penalties}

Every Offender under this Section shall, upon Conviction, forfeit to the Person aggrieved a Sum not exceeding Ten Pounds, or not exceeding double the full Price, if any, at which all such Copies, Engravings, Imitations, or altered Works shall have been sold or offered for Sale; and all such Copies, Engravings, Imitations, or altered Works shall be forfeited to the Person, or the Assigns or legal Representatives of the Person, whose Name, Initials, or Monogram shall be so fraudulently signed or affixed thereto, or to whom such spurious or altered Work shall be so fraudulently or falsely ascribed as aforesaid: Provided always, that the Penalties imposed by this Section shall not be incurred unless the Person whose Name, Initials, or Monogram shall be so fraudulently signed or affixed, or to whom such spurious or altered Work shall be so fraudulently or falsely ascribed as aforesaid, shall have been living at or within Twenty Years next before the Time when the Offence may have been committed.

{Sidenote: Recovery of pecuniary Penalties}

VIII. All pecuniary Penalties which shall be incurred, and all such unlawful Copies, Imitations, and all other Effects and Things as shall have been forfeited by Offenders, pursuant to this Act, may be recovered by the Person hereinbefore and in any such Acts as aforesaid empowered to recover the same respectively, and hereinafter called the Complainant or the Complainer, as follows:

{Sidenote: In England and Ireland}

In England and Ireland, either by Action against the Party
offending, or by summary Proceeding before any Two Justices
having Jurisdiction where the Party offending resides:

{Sidenote: In Scotland}

In Scotland by Action before the Court of Session in
ordinary Form, or by summary Action before the Sheriff of
the County where the Offence may be committed or the
Offender resides, and any Judgment so to be pronounced by
the Sheriff in such summary Application shall be final and
conclusive, and not subject to Review by Suspension,
Reduction, or otherwise.

_6b._ MUSICAL (SUMMARY PROCEEDINGS) COPYRIGHT ACT, 1902

[_Unrepealed_]

(2 EDWARD VII., CHAPTER 15)

AN ACT TO AMEND THE LAW RELATING TO MUSICAL COPYRIGHT. [22d JULY, 1902.]

Be it enacted by the King's most Excellent Majesty, by and with the advice and consent of the Lords Spiritual and Temporal, and Commons, in this present Parliament assembled, and by the authority of the same, as follows:

{Sidenote: Seizure, etc.; of pirated copies}

1. A court of summary jurisdiction, upon the application of the owner of the copyright in any musical work, may act as follows: If satisfied by evidence that there is reasonable ground for believing that pirated copies of such musical work are being hawked, carried about, sold, or offered for sale, may, by order, authorize a constable to seize such copies without warrant and to bring them before the court, and the court, on proof that the copies are pirated, may order them to be destroyed or to be delivered up to the owner of the copyright if he makes application for that delivery.

{Sidenote: Power to seize copies on hawkers}

2. If any person shall hawk, carry about, sell or offer for sale any pirated copy of any musical work, every such pirated copy may be seized by any constable without warrant, on the request in writing of the apparent owner of the copyright in such work, or of his agent thereto authorised in writing, and at the risk of such owner.

On seizure of any such copies, they shall be conveyed by such constable before a court of summary jurisdiction, and, on proof that they are infringements of copyright, shall be forfeited or destroyed, or otherwise dealt with as the court may think fit.

{Sidenote: Definitions}

3. "Musical copyright" means the exclusive right of the owner of such copyright under the Copyright Acts in force for the time being to do or to authorise another person to do all or any of the following things in respect of a musical work:

(1) To make copies by writing or otherwise of such musical work.

(2) To abridge such musical work.

(3) To make any new adaptation, arrangement, or setting of such musical work, or of the melody thereof, in any notation or system.

"Musical work" means any combination of melody and harmony, or either of them, printed, reduced to writing or otherwise graphically produced or reproduced.

"Pirated musical work" means any musical work written, printed, or otherwise reproduced, without the consent lawfully given by the owner of the copyright in such musical work.

{Sidenote: Short title and commencement}

4. This Act may be cited as The Musical (Summary Proceedings) Copyright Act, 1902, and shall come into operation on the first day of October one thousand nine hundred and two, and shall apply only to the United Kingdom.

_6c._ MUSICAL COPYRIGHT ACT, 1906

[_Unrepealed_]

(6 EDWARD VII., CHAPTER 36)

AN ACT TO AMEND THE LAW RELATING TO MUSICAL COPYRIGHT. [4TH AUGUST, 1906.]

{Sidenote: A. D. 1906}

{Sidenote: Penalty for being in possession of pirated music}

1.--(1) Every person who prints, reproduces, or sells, or exposes, offers, or has in his possession for sale, any pirated copies of any musical work, or has in his possession any plates for the purpose of printing or reproducing pirated copies of any musical work, shall (unless he proves that he acted innocently) be guilty of an offence punishable on summary conviction, and shall be liable to a fine not exceeding five pounds, and on a second or subsequent conviction to imprisonment with or without hard labour for a term not exceeding two months or to a fine not exceeding ten pounds: Provided that a person convicted of an offence under this Act who has not previously been convicted of such an offence, and who proves that the copies of the musical work in respect of which the offence was committed had printed on the title-page thereof a name and address purporting to be that of the printer or publisher, shall not be liable to any penalty under this Act unless it is proved that the copies were to his knowledge pirated copies.

{Sidenote: Constable may take into custody without warrant}

(2) Any constable may take into custody without warrant any person who in any street or public place sells or exposes, offers, or has in his possession for sale any pirated copies of any such musical work as may be specified in any general written authority addressed to the chief officer of police, and signed by the apparent owner of the copyright in such work or his agent thereto authorised in writing, requesting the arrest, at the risk of such owner, of all persons found committing offences under this section in respect to such work, or who offers for sale any pirated copies of any such specified musical work by personal canvass or by personally delivering advertisements or circulars.

(3) A copy of every written authority addressed to a chief officer of police under this section shall be open to inspection at all reasonable hours by any person without payment of any fee, and any person may take copies of or make extracts from any such authority.

(4) Any person aggrieved by a summary conviction under this section may in England or Ireland appeal to a court of quarter sessions, and in Scotland under and in terms of the Summary Prosecutions Appeals (Scotland) Act, 1875.

{Sidenote: 38 & 39 Vict. c. 62}

{Sidenote: Right of entry by police for execution of Act}

2.--(1) If a court of summary jurisdiction is satisfied by information on oath that there is reasonable ground for suspecting that an offence against this Act is being committed on any premises, the court may grant a search warrant authorising the constable named therein to enter the premises between the hours of six of the clock in the morning and nine of the clock in the evening, and, if necessary, to use force for making such entry, whether by breaking open doors or otherwise, and to seize any copies of any musical work or any plates in respect of which he has reasonable ground for suspecting that an offence against this Act is being committed.

(2) All copies of any musical work and plates seized under this section shall be brought before a court of summary jurisdiction, and if proved to be pirated copies or plates intended to be used for the printing or reproduction of pirated copies shall be forfeited and destroyed or otherwise dealt with as the court think fit.

{Sidenote: Definitions}

3. In this Act--

{Sidenote: "Pirated copies"}

The expression "pirated copies" means any copies of any musical work written, printed, or otherwise reproduced without the consent lawfully given by the owner of the copyright in such musical work:

{Sidenote: "Musical work"}

The expression "musical work" means a musical work in which there is a subsisting copyright:

{Sidenote: "Plates"}

The expression "plates" includes any stereotype or other plates, stones, matrices, transfers, or negatives used or intended to be used for printing or reproducing copies of any musical work: Provided that the expressions "pirated copies" and "plates" shall not, for the purposes of this Act, be deemed to include perforated music rolls used for playing mechanical instruments, or records used for the reproduction of sound waves, or the matrices or other appliances by which such rolls or records respectively are made:

{Sidenote: "Chief officer of police"}

The expression "chief officer of police"--

(_a_) with respect to the City of London, means the Commissioner of
City Police;

{Sidenote: 53 & 54 Vict. c. 45}

(_b_) elsewhere in England has the same meaning as in the Police
Act, 1890;

{Sidenote: 53 & 54 Vict. c. 67}

(_c_) in Scotland has the same meaning as in the Police (Scotland)
Act, 1890;

(_d_) in the police district of Dublin metropolis means either of
the Commissioners of Police for the said district;

(_e_) elsewhere in Ireland means the District Inspector of the
Royal Irish Constabulary:

{Sidenote: "Court of summary jurisdiction"}

The expression "court of summary jurisdiction" in Scotland means the sheriff or any magistrate of any royal, parliamentary, or police burgh officiating under the provisions of any local or general police Act.

{Sidenote: Short title}

4. This Act may be cited as the Musical Copyright Act, 1906.

7. CANADIAN COPYRIGHT MEASURE, 1911

AN ACT RESPECTING COPYRIGHT

{Sidenote: Short title}

1. This Act may be cited as _The Copyright Act, 1911_.

INTERPRETATION

{Sidenote: Definitions:}

2. In this Act, unless the context otherwise requires,--

{Sidenote: "Minister"}

"Minister" means the Minister of Agriculture;

{Sidenote: "Department"}

"Department" means the Department of Agriculture;

{Sidenote: "Legal representatives"}

"legal representatives" includes heirs, executors, administrators and assigns, or other legal representatives;

{Sidenote: "Literary" and other works}

"literary work" includes maps, charts, plans, and tables;

"dramatic work" includes any piece for recitation, choregraphic work or entertainment in dumb show, the scenic arrangement or acting form of which is fixed in writing or otherwise, and any cinematograph production where the arrangement or acting form or the combination of incidents represented give the work an original character;

"literary work," "dramatic work" and "musical work" includes records, perforated rolls or other contrivances by means of which a work may be mechanically performed or delivered;

"artistic work" includes works of painting, drawing, sculpture and artistic craftsmanship, and architectural works of art, and engravings and photographs;

"work of sculpture" includes casts and models;

"architectural work of art" means any building or structure having an artistic character or design, in respect of such character or design, but not in respect of the processes or methods of its construction;

{Sidenote: "Engravings"}

"engravings" include etchings, lithographs, woodcuts, prints and other similar works, not being photographs;

{Sidenote: "Photograph"}

"photograph" includes photo-lithograph and any work produced by any process analogous to photography;

{Sidenote: "Cinematograph"}

"cinematograph" includes any work produced by any process analogous to cinematography;

{Sidenote: "Pirated"}

"pirated," when applied to a copy of a work in which copyright subsists, means any copy made without the consent or acquiescence of the owner of the copyright, or imported contrary to this Act;

{Sidenote: "Publication"}

"publication" means the issue of copies to the public and does not include the performance in public of a dramatic or musical work, the delivery in public of a lecture, the exhibition in public of an artistic work, or the construction of an architectural work of art;

{Sidenote: "Performance"}

"performance" means any acoustic representation of a work and any visual representation of any dramatic action in a work, including such a representation made by means of any mechanical instrument;

{Sidenote: "Delivery"}

"delivery," in relation to a lecture, includes delivery by means of any mechanical instrument;

{Sidenote: "Plate"}

"plate" includes any stereotype or other plate, stone, matrix, transfer, or negative used or intended to be used for printing or reproducing copies of any work, and any matrix or other appliance by which records, perforated rolls or other contrivance for the acoustic representation of the work are made or intended to be made;

{Sidenote: "Lecture"}

"lecture" includes address, speech and sermon;

{Sidenote: "Copyright"}

"copyright" means the sole right to produce or reproduce any original literary, dramatic, musical or artistic work or any substantial part thereof in any material form whatsoever and in any language; to perform, or in the case of a lecture to deliver, the work or any substantial part thereof in public; if the work is unpublished, to publish the work; and shall include the sole right,--

(_a_) in the case of a dramatic work, to convert it into a novel or
other non-dramatic work;

(_b_) in the case of a novel or other non-dramatic work, to convert
it into a dramatic work, either by way of multiplication of copies
of by way of performance in public;

(_c_) in the case of a literary, dramatic or musical work, to make
any record, perforated roll or other contrivance by means of which
the work may be mechanically performed, and to authorize any such
acts as aforesaid.

{Sidenote: Publication, performance or delivery in public}

(2.) For the purposes of this Act (other than those relating to infringements of copyright), a work shall not be deemed to be published or performed in public, and a lecture shall not be deemed to be delivered in public, if published, performed in public or delivered in public without the consent or acquiescence of the person entitled to authorize its publication, performance in public or delivery in public.

{Sidenote: Simultaneous publication}

(3.) For the purposes of this Act a work shall be deemed to be first published in Canada, notwithstanding that it has been published simultaneously in some other country, unless the publication in Canada is colourable only and is not intended to satisfy the reasonable requirements of the public, and a work shall be deemed to be published simultaneously in two countries if the time between the publication in one such country and the publication in the other country does not exceed fourteen days.

{Sidenote: Copyright to bona fide resident}

(4.) Where the making of a work has extended over a considerable period the conditions of this Act conferring copyright shall be deemed to have been complied with if the author was, during any substantial part of that period, a bona fide resident of Canada.

CONDITIONS OF COPYRIGHT

{Sidenote: Conditions of copyright in Canada}

3. Subject to the provisions of this Act, copyright shall subsist in Canada for the term hereinafter mentioned in every original literary, dramatic, musical and artistic work the author whereof was, at the date of the making of the work, a bona fide resident of Canada, but in no other works except so far as the protection conferred by this act is extended by order in council thereunder.

{Sidenote: Notice of copyright--}

(2.) Every copy of a work published in Canada shall be printed or made in Canada, and shall bear notice of copyright--

{Sidenote: Of books, engravings, photographs, maps, etc.}

(_a_) if the work is a book or other printed publication, on the
title-page or on the page immediately following; or,

(_b_) if the work is a literary work (other than a book, or other
printed publication), or a musical work, engraving, photograph or
cinematograph, on the face thereof; or,

(_c_) if the work is a volume of maps, charts, plans, tables,
music, engravings or photographs, on the title-page or first page
thereof:

in the words "Copyright, Canada, 19--, by A. B."

{Sidenote: Of paintings, sculpture, etc.}

(3.) Every painting, drawing or work of sculpture published in Canada shall be made in Canada, and the signature of the author shall be notice of copyright.

INFRINGEMENT

{Sidenote: Infringement of copyright}

4. Copyright in a work shall be deemed to be infringed by any person who, without the consent of the owner of the copyright, does anything the sole right to do which is by this Act conferred on the owner of the copyright: Provided that the following acts shall not constitute an infringement of copyright;--

{Sidenote: Exceptions}

(i) any fair dealing with any work for the purposes of private
study, research, criticism or review;

(ii) where the author of an artistic work is not the owner of the
copyright therein, the use by the author of any mould, cast,
sketch, plan, model or study made by him for the purpose of the
work, provided that he does not thereby repeat or imitate the main
design of the work;

(iii) the making of paintings, drawings, engravings or photographs
of a work of sculpture or artistic craftsmanship, if situate in a
public place or building, or the making of paintings, drawings,
engravings or photographs (which are not in the nature of
architectural drawings or plans) of any architectural work of art;

(iv) the publication in a newspaper of a report of a lecture
delivered in public, unless the report is prohibited by notice
given either--

(_a_) orally, at the beginning of the lecture, or, if the lecture
is one of a series of lectures given by the same lecturer on the
same subject at the same place, at the beginning of the first
lecture of the series; or

(_b_) by a conspicuous written or printed notice affixed, before
the lecture, or the first lecture of the series, is given, on the
entrance doors of the building in which the lecture or series of
lectures is given, or in a place near the lecturer.

(v) the representing of any scene or object, notwithstanding that
there may be copyright in some other representation of such scene
or object.

{Sidenote: Infringement by sale, etc.}

(2.) Copyright in a work shall also be deemed to be infringed by any person who sells or lets for hire, or exposes, offers or has in his possession for sale or hire, or distributes or exhibits in public, or imports for sale or hire into Canada, any work which to his knowledge infringes copyright or would infringe copyright if it had been made in Canada.

{Sidenote: Infringement by public performance}

(3.) Copyright in a work shall also be deemed to be infringed by any person who for private profit permits a theatre or other place of entertainment to be used for the performance in public of the work without the consent of the owner of the copyright, unless he proves that he acted innocently.

TERM OF COPYRIGHT

{Sidenote: Term of copyright}

5. The term for which copyright shall subsist, shall, except as otherwise provided by this Act, be the life of the author and a period of fifty years after his death unless previously determined by first publication elsewhere than in Canada, except as otherwise provided by this Act, or by failure to comply with any other requirement of this Act.

LICENSES TO REPUBLISH

{Sidenote: License to republish or perform work in public granted by Minister upon petition}

6. If, at any time after a work has been published or performed in public, a petition is presented to the Minister by any person interested, alleging that, by reason of the withholding of the work from the public or of the price charged for copies of the work or for the right to perform the work in public, the reasonable requirements of the public with respect to the work are not satisfied, and praying for the grant of a license to reproduce the work or perform the work in public, the Minister shall consider the petition, and of, after inquiry, he is satisfied that the allegations contained therein are correct, and if within a reasonable time no remedy is provided by the owner of the copyright, he may grant to the petitioner a license to reproduce or perform the work in public in Canada on such terms as respects price and payment of royalties to the owner of the copyright in the work, and otherwise, as the Minister thinks fit.

{Sidenote: Appeal}

(2.) Any decision of the Minister under this section shall be subject to appeal to the Exchequer Court of Canada, and the decision of that court shall be final.

{Sidenote: Ownership of copyright}

OWNERSHIP AND ASSIGNMENT OF COPYRIGHT

7. Subject to the provisions of this Act, the author of a work shall be the first owner of the copyright therein:

Provided that--

(_a_) where in the case of an engraving, photograph or portrait the
work was ordered by some other person and was made for valuable
consideration in pursuance of that order, then, in the absence of
any agreement in writing to the contrary the person by whom the
work was ordered shall be the first owner of the copyright;

(_b_) where the author was in the employment of some other person
and the work was made in the course of his employment by that
person, the person by whom the author was employed shall, in the
absence of any agreement to the contrary, be the first owner of the
copyright.

{Sidenote: Assignment of copyright}

(2.) The owner of the copyright in any work may assign the right, either wholly or partially, and either generally or subject to limitations to any particular place, and either for the whole term of the copyright or any part thereof, and may grant any interest in the right by license, but no such assignment or grant shall be valid unless it is in writing signed by the owner of the right in respect of which the assignment or grant is made, or by his duly authorized agent.

{Sidenote: Registration of assignment or license}

(3.) Any grant of an interest in a copyright, either by assignment or license, shall be adjudged void against any subsequent assignee or licensee for valuable consideration without actual notice unless such assignment or license is registered in the manner directed by this Act before the registering of the instrument under which the subsequent assignee or licensee claims.

{Sidenote: Duplicate copies}

(4.) For the purposes of this Act as to registration, any grant of an interest in a copyright, either by way of assignment or license, shall be made in duplicate.

{Sidenote: Application for registration}

(5.) Application for registration of a grant of any interest in a copyright, either by way of assignment or license, shall be made by production of both duplicates to the Department and payment of the prescribed fee. One duplicate shall be retained at the Department and the other shall be returned to the person depositing it, with a certificate of registration.

{Sidenote: Assignee or licensee must comply with Act}

(6.) Subject to the provisions of this Act the grant of an interest in a copyright, either by assignment or license, shall be void unless the assignee or licensee, at the time such grant is executed, satisfies the conditions conferring copyright prescribed by this Act.

CIVIL REMEDIES

{Sidenote: Civil remedies for infringement of copyright}

8. Where copyright in any work has been infringed, the owner of the copyright shall, except as otherwise provided by this Act, be entitled to all such remedies by way of injunction, damages, accounts and otherwise as are conferred by law.

{Sidenote: Costs}

(2.) The costs in any proceedings in respect of the infringement of copyright shall be in the absolute discretion of the court.

{Sidenote: Rights of owner respecting pirated copies}

9. All pirated copies of any work in which copyright subsists, and all plates used or intended to be used for the production of pirated copies of such work, shall be deemed to be the property of the owner of the copyright, who may take proceedings for the recovery of possession of such copies or in respect of the conversion thereof.

{Sidenote: Remedies in the case of architecture}

10. Where a building or other structure which infringes or which, if completed, would infringe the copyright in some other work has commenced to be constructed, the owner of the copyright shall not be entitled to obtain an injunction to restrain the construction of such building or structure or to order its demolition.

{Sidenote: Limitation}

(2.) Such of the other provisions of this Act as provide that a pirated copy shall be deemed the property of the owner of the copyright, or as impose summary penalties, shall not apply in any case to which this section applies.

OFFENCES AND PENALTIES

{Sidenote: Penalty for false entries}

11. Every person who wilfully makes or causes to be made any false entry in any of the registry books hereinbefore mentioned, or who wilfully produces, or causes to be tendered in evidence, any paper which falsely purports to be a copy of an entry in any of the said books, is guilty of an indictable offence.

{Sidenote: Limitation of action}

12. No action or prosecution for the recovery of any penalty under this Act shall be commenced more than three years after the cause of action arises.

SUMMARY REMEDIES

{Sidenote: Penalties for dealing with pirated copies}

13. If any person--

(_a_) makes for sale or hire any pirated copy of a work in which
copyright subsists; or,

(_b_) sells or lets for hire, or exposes, offers, or has in his
possession for sale or hire any pirated copy of any such work; or,

(_c_) distributes or exhibits in public any pirated copy of any
such work; or,

(_d_) imports for sale or hire into Canada any pirated copy of any
such work:

he shall, unless he proves that he acted innocently, be guilty of an offence under this Act and be liable on summary conviction to a fine not exceeding twenty-five dollars for every copy dealt with in contravention of this section, but not exceeding two hundred dollars in respect of the same transaction; or in the case of a second or subsequent offence, either to such fine or to imprisonment with or without hard labour for a term not exceeding two months:

{Sidenote: Proviso as to certain cases}

Provided that a person convicted of an offence under paragraph (_b_) of this subsection, who has not been previously convicted of any such offence and who proves that the copies of the work in respect of which the offence was committed had printed or marked thereon in some conspicuous place a name and address purporting to be that of the printer or publisher, shall not be liable to any penalty under this section unless it is proved that the copies were to his knowledge pirated copies.

{Sidenote: Penalty for making or possessing plate of pirated copies}

(2.) If any person makes or has in his possession any plate for the purpose of making pirated copies of any work in which copyright subsists, or for private profit causes any such work to be performed in public without the consent of the owner of the copyright, he shall, unless he proves that he acted innocently, be guilty of an offence under this Act, and be liable on summary conviction to a fine not exceeding two hundred dollars, or, in the case of a second or subsequent offence, either to such fine or to imprisonment with or without hard labour for a term not exceeding two months.

{Sidenote: Destruction of plate upon order of court}

(3.) The court before which any such proceedings are taken may in addition order that all copies of the work or all plates in the possession of the offender, which appear to it to be pirated copies or plates for the purpose of making pirated copies, be destroyed or delivered up to the owner of the copyright or otherwise dealt with as the court may think fit.

{Sidenote: Seizure of pirated copies being hawked about or sold and arrest of offender}

14. Where a court of summary jurisdiction is satisfied by information on oath that there is reasonable ground for believing that pirated copies of any work are being or about to be hawked or carried about, sold or offered for sale, it may issue an order authorising any constable or peace officer--

(_a_) to seize without further warrant any copies of the work which
may be found being hawked or carried about, sold or offered for
sale;

(_b_) to arrest without further warrant any person who in any
street or public place sells or exposes or has in his possession
for sale any pirated copies of the work, or who offers for sale any
pirated copies of the work by personal canvass or by personally
delivering advertisements or circulars.

{Sidenote: Execution of order for seizure and arrest}

(2.) Where such an order has been made the person on whose application it was made may send a copy thereof (certified to be a true copy by the clerk of the court which made the order) to the chief constable or deputy chief constable for any district within which the court has jurisdiction, and thereupon any constable or peace officer may seize any such copies and arrest any such person in accordance with the terms of the order.

{Sidenote: Disposition of works seized}

(3.) Where the constable or peace officer seizes any copies of a work in pursuance of such an order, he shall bring them before a court of summary jurisdiction, and that court, on proof that the copies are pirated, may order that they be destroyed or delivered up to the owner of the copyright or otherwise dealt with as the court may think fit.

{Sidenote: Orders open to inspection}

(4.) All copies of orders sent to a chief constable or deputy chief constable under this section shall be open to inspection at all reasonable hours by any person without payment of any fee, and any person may take copies of or make extracts from any such order.

(5.) A single order under this section may be made extending to several works.

{Sidenote: Scope of order}

(6.) An order under this section shall not authorize--

(_a_) the arrest of any person selling or offering for sale; or,

(_b_) the seizure of copies of

{Sidenote: Newspaper or periodical excepted}

any newspaper or other periodical publication merely because it contains a pirated copy of a work, if such pirated copy is only an incidental feature and does not form a substantial part of the newspaper or periodical.

{Sidenote: Search warrants}

15. A court of summary jurisdiction may, if satisfied by information on oath that there is reasonable ground for believing that an offence punishable summarily under this Act is being committed on any premises, grant a search warrant authorising the constable or peace officer named therein to enter the premises between the hours of six of the clock in the morning and nine of the clock in the evening (and, if necessary, to use force in making such entry, whether by breaking open doors or otherwise) and to seize any copies of any work or any plates in respect of which he has reasonable ground for suspecting that an offence under this Act is being committed, and may, on proof that the copies or plates brought before the court in pursuance of the warrant are pirated copies or plates intended to be used for the purpose of making pirated copies, order that they be destroyed or delivered up to the owner of the copyright or otherwise dealt with as the court may think fit.

IMPORTATION OF COPIES

{Sidenote: Importation of copies of copyright works}

16. Except as otherwise provided by this Act copies made out of Canada of any work in which copyright subsists shall not be imported into Canada and shall be deemed to be included in Schedule C to _The Customs Tariff_, and that Schedule shall apply accordingly.

{Sidenote: If copyright owner licenses reproduction in Canada, the Minister may prohibit importation of books printed elsewhere}

{Sidenote: Proviso}

17. If a book in which there is subsisting copyright has been published in any part of His Majesty's dominions, other than Canada, and if it is proved to the satisfaction of the Minister that the owner of the copyright has granted a license to reproduce in Canada, from movable or other types, or from stereotype plates, or from electroplates, or from lithograph stones, or by any process for facsimile reproduction, an edition or editions of such book designed for sale only in Canada, the Minister may, notwithstanding anything in this Act, by order under his hand prohibit the importation into Canada, except with the written consent of the licensee, of any copies of such book printed elsewhere: Provided that two such copies may be specially imported for the bona fide use of any public free library or any university or college library, or for the library of any duly incorporated institution or society for the use of the members of such institution or society.

{Sidenote: Suspension or revocation of prohibition}

18. The Minister may at any time in like manner, by order under his hand, suspend or revoke such prohibition upon importation if it is proved to his satisfaction that--

(_a_) the license to reproduce in Canada has terminated or expired;
or,

(_b_) the reasonable demand for the book in Canada is not
sufficiently met without importation; or,

(_c_) the book is not, having regard to the demand therefor in
Canada, being suitably printed or published; or,

(_d_) any other state of things exists on account of which it is
not in the public interest to further prohibit importation.

{Sidenote: Licensee to furnish copy of any edition if required}

19. At any time after the importation of a book has been so prohibited, any person resident or being in Canada may apply either directly or through a bookseller or other agent, to the person so licensed to reproduce such book, for a copy of any edition of such book then on sale and reasonably obtainable in the United Kingdom or any other part of His Majesty's dominions and it shall thereupon be the duty of the person so licensed, as soon as reasonably may be, to import and sell such copy to the person so applying therefor, at the ordinary selling price of such copy in the United Kingdom, or such other part of His Majesty's dominions, with the duty and reasonable forwarding charges added.

{Sidenote: Otherwise prohibition may be revoked}

(2.) The failure or neglect, without lawful excuse, of the person so licensed to supply such copy within a reasonable time shall be a reason for which the Minister may, if he sees fit, suspend or revoke the prohibition upon importation.

{Sidenote: Customs notified of prohibition}

20. The Minister shall forthwith inform the Department of Customs of any order made by him under this Act.

{Sidenote: Unlawful importation of books}

{Sidenote: Forfeiture}

{Sidenote: Penalty}

21. All books imported in contravention of any order, prohibiting such importation, made under the hand of the Minister, by the authority of this Act, may be seized by an officer of Customs, and shall be forfeited to the Crown and destroyed; and any person importing, or causing or permitting the importation of any book in contravention of an order of the Minister shall, for each offence, be liable, upon summary conviction, to a penalty not exceeding one hundred dollars.

REGISTRATION

{Sidenote: Registers of copyrights}

22. The Minister shall cause to be kept, at the Department, books to be called the Registers of Copyrights, in which shall be entered the names or titles of works and the names of authors, and such other particulars as may be prescribed.

{Sidenote: Registration of particulars of work}

(2.) The author or publisher of, or the owner of or other person interested in the copyright in, any work shall cause the particulars respecting the work to be entered in the register, before publication thereof or the performance or delivery thereof in public.

{Sidenote: Registration of serial publications}

(3.) In the case of an encyclopaedia, newspaper, review, magazine or other periodical work, or work published in a series of books or parts, it shall not be necessary to make a separate entry for each number or part, but a single entry for the whole work shall suffice.

{Sidenote: Indexes of registers}

(4.) There shall also be kept at the Department such indexes of the registers established under this section as may be prescribed.

{Sidenote: Registers and indexes in prescribed forms}

{Sidenote: Certified copies of entries}

(5.) The registers and indexes established under this section shall be in the prescribed form, and shall at all reasonable times be open to inspection, and any person shall be entitled to take copies of or make extracts from any such register, and the Minister shall, if so required, give a copy of an entry in any such register certified by him to be a true copy, and any such certificate shall be prima facie evidence of the matters thereby certified.

{Sidenote: Fees}

(6.) There shall be charged in respect of entries in registers the inspection of registers, taking copies of or making extracts from registers, and certificates under this section, the fees hereinafter prescribed.

{Sidenote: Prior registrations}

(7.) Any registration made under _The Copyright Act_ shall have the same force and effect as if made under this Act.

{Sidenote: Registration of temporary copyright in periodical works}

23. Any literary work intended to be published in pamphlet or book form, but which is first published in separate articles in a newspaper or periodical in Canada, may be registered under this Act while it is so preliminarily published as a temporary copyright, if the title of the manuscript and a short analysis of the work are deposited at the Department with an application for registration in accordance with the prescribed form, and if every separate article so published is preceded by the words, "Registered in accordance with the Copyright Act, 1911:" Provided that the work, when published in book or pamphlet form, shall be subject, also, to the other requirements of this Act.

{Sidenote: Anonymous publications}

24. If a book is published anonymously, it shall be sufficient to enter it in the name of the first publisher thereof, either on behalf of the unnamed author or on behalf of such first publisher, as the case may be.

{Sidenote: Application for registration}

25. The application for the registration of a copyright or of a temporary copyright may be made in the name of the author or of his legal representatives, by any person purporting to be agent of such author or legal representatives.

{Sidenote: Unauthorized assumption of agency}

(2.) Any damage caused by a fraudulent or an erroneous assumption of such authority shall be recoverable in any court of competent jurisdiction.

{Sidenote: Deposit of application and copies of work in Department}

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