Chapter VI: Part 6

January 1.--Turkey denounced Berlin Treaty.
February 1.--“Unrestricted” U-Boat War begun.
February 3.--America broke with Germany.
February 6.--British captured Grandcourt.
February 24.--British took Kut-el-Amara.
March 11.--British entered Baghdad.
March 12.--Revolution in Russia.
March 15.--Abdication of the Tsar.
March 18.--British entered Peronne.
March 21.--First British Imperial War Cabinet.
April 6.--America declared war on Germany.
April 9.--Battle of Vimy Ridge begun.
May 4.--French took Caronne.
May 14.--New Italian offensive.
May 15.--General Petain Generalissimo.
June 7.--British Victory at Messines Ridge.
June 12.--Abdication of King Constantine.
June 26.--First American troops in France.
June 27.--Mesopotamia Report issued.
June 29.--General Allenby commander in Egypt.
July 1.--Last Russian offensive begun.
July 14.--Bethmann-Hollweg dismissed.
July 17.--British Royal House styled “Windsor.”
July 19.--Reichstag “Peace” Resolution.
July 24.--Russian defeat in Galicia.
July 31.--Great Allied attack around Ypres.
August 29.--President Wilson’s Note to the Pope.
September 4.--Germans occupied Riga.
September 15.--Russian Republic proclaimed.
September 28.--British Victory at Ramadieh.
October 9.--Allied attack in Flanders.
October 24.--Italian defeat at Caporetto.
October 29.--Fall of Udine.
October 30.--Chancellor Michaelis dismissed.
October 31.--British capture Beersheba.
November 1.--German retreat on Chemin des Dames.
November 4.--British troops in Italy.
November 6.--British stormed Passchendaele Ridge.
November 7.--British captured Gaza.
November 8.-Bolshevist coup d’état in Russia.
November 9.--Italian stand on the Piave.
November 17.--British in Jaffa.
November 18.--General Maude’s death in Mesopotamia.
November 20.--British Victory at Cambrai.
November 30.--German reaction at Cambrai.
December 6.--Armistice on Russian front.
December 9.--British captured Jerusalem.
December 22.--Brest Conference opened.
December 26.--Sir R. Wemyss First Sea Lord.

1918.

January 5.--Mr. Lloyd George on War Aims.
January 20.--Breslau sunk: Goeben damaged.
February 1.--Germany recognised Ukraine.
February 9.--First Brest Treaty Signed.
February 16.--General Wilson Chief of Staff.
February 18.--German invasion of Russia.
February 21.--British capture Jericho.
February 24.--Turks recovered Trebizond.
February 25.--Germans at Reval.
March 3.--Second Brest Treaty.
March 7.--German peace with Finland.
March 11.--Turks recovered Erzrum.
March 13.--Germans at Odessa.
March 14.--Brest Treaty ratified at Moscow.
March 21.--German offensive in the West.
March 24.--Bapaume and Peronne lost.
April 5.--Allied landing at Vladivostok.
April 9--New Military Service Bill.
April 11.--Armentieres lost.
April 13.--Turks occupied Batum.
April 14.--General Foch, Allied Generalissimo.
April 15--Bailleul lost.
April 18.--Lord Milner War Secretary.
April 22.--Naval raid on Zeebrugge and Ostend.
April 26.--Kemmel Hill lost.
April 27.--Turks occupied Kars.
April 30.--Germans at Viborg.
May 1.--Germans at Sebastopol.
May 9.--Second raid on Ostend.
May 27.--Second German offensive.
May 29.--Soissons lost. Reims held.
May 31.--Germans reached Marne.
June 1.--Attacks towards Paris held.
June 9.--New German assault.
June 15.--Austrian offensive in Italy.
June 23.--Great Austrian defeat.
July 2.--1,000,000 Americans shipped to France.
July 15.--Third German offensive. Second Marne Battle begun.
July 18.--General Foch’s counter-attack.
July 20.--Germans recrossed the Marne.
August 2.--Soissons recovered.
August 8.--British attack at Amiens.
August 29.--Bapaume and Noyon regained.
September 1.--Peronne recovered.
September 2.--Drocourt-Queant line breached.
September 12.-American attack at St. Mihiel.
September 15.--Austrian Peace Note.
September 17.--New Macedonian offensive.
September 19.--British advance in Palestine.
September 25.--Bulgaria proposed Armistice.
September 27.--Hindenburg line broken.
September 29.--Bulgaria surrendered.
September 30.--Fall of Damascus.
October 1.--St. Quentin regained.
October 9.--Cambrai regained.
October 10.--British took Le Cateau.
October 13.--French recovered Laon.
October 14.--British troops at Irtkutsk.
October 15.--British in Homs.
October 17.--Ostend. Lille, Douai regained.
October 20.--Belgian Coast clear.
October 25.--Ludendorff resigned.
October 26.--Aleppo fell to the Allies.
October 27.--Austria sued for Peace.
October 28.--Italians crossed Piave.
October 29.--Serbians reached the Danube.
October 30.--Turkey granted Armistice.
November 1.--Versailles Conference opened.
November 2.--British at Valenciennes.
November 3.--Austrian surrender. Kiel Mutiny.
November 4.--Versailles Armistice Agreement.
November 5.--Full Powers for Marshal Foch. Mr. Wilson’s last
Note to Germany.
November 6.--Americans reached Sedan.
November 7.--Bavarian Republic Proclaimed.
November 9.--Foch received German Envoys.
November 9.--Abdication of the Kaiser.
November 10.--Kaiser’s flight to Holland. British at Mons.
November 11.--Armistice Terms Accepted.

1919.

June 19.--Peace signed.

1914. _POLITICAL._

June 28--Murder of Archduke Ferdinand at Sarajevo.
July 23--Austrian Note to Serbia.
July 28--Austria declares war on Serbia.
Aug. 1--Germany declares war on Russia.
Aug. 3--Germany declares war on France.
Aug. 4--Britain declares war on Germany.
Sept. 9--Turkey denounces the capitulations.

1915.

May 23--Italy declares war on Austria.
Oct. 12--Greek Government refuses to help Serbia.
Oct. 14--Bulgaria enters the war.

1916.

Aug. 27--Roumania enters the war.
Nov. 21--Death of Emperor Francis Joseph of Austria.
Dec. 7--Mr. Lloyd George becomes Prime Minister.
Dec. 12--Germany’s first peace proposal.
Dec. 30--Allies give negative answer.

1917.

Feb. 3--Diplomatic relations between United States and Germany
ruptured.
Mar. 12--Outbreak of Russian Revolution.
Mar. 13--China breaks off relations with Germany.
Mar. 15--Czar Nicholas abdicates.
April 5--United States declares war on Germany.
June 12--King Constantine of Greece abdicates.
Sept. 15--Russia becomes Republic, with Kerensky as Premier.

1918.

Jan. 19--Bolsheviks dissolve Russian Constituent Assembly.
Mar. 2--Treaty of Brest-Litovsk signed.
Sept. 25--Bulgaria seeks armistice.
Oct. 3--Prince Max of Baden appointed German Chancellor. Germany
suggests armistice to President Wilson.
Oct. 30--Turkey surrenders.
Nov. 3--Austria sues for peace.
Nov. 11--Germany signs armistice.

_MILITARY._

1914.

Aug. 16--British Expeditionary Force lands in France.
Aug. 23--Battle of Mons.
Sept. 6--First Battle of the Marne.
Oct. 11--First Battle of Ypres.

1915.

Mar. 10--Battle of Neuve Chapelle.
Aug. 4--Germans capture Warsaw.
Aug. 6--Allies land at Suvla Bay.
Nov. 23--Great Serbian Retreat begins.
Dec. 15.--Sir Douglas Haig made Commander-in-Chief.

1916.

Jan. 8--Gallipoli evacuated.
Feb. 16--Russians capture Erzeroum.
Feb. 21--Battle of Verdun begins.
April 29--Kut surrenders.
May 15--Battle of Vimy Ridge.
June 2--Second Battle of Ypres begins.
July 1--First Battle of the Somme.
Aug. 9--Italians capture Gorizia.
Aug. 29--Hindenburg made Chief of General Staff.
Dec. 1--Allied troops land at the Piræus.

1917.

Feb. 24--Kut recaptured.
Mar. 11--Bagdad occupied by British.
Mar. 17--Bapaume captured.
Mar. 27--Battle of Gaza.
April 9--Vimy Ridge captured.
April 20--French troops cross the Chemins des Dames.
June 7--Messines Ridge captured.
June 29--General Allenby commands in Palestine.
Oct. 24--Italian defeat at Caporetto.
Oct. 31--British capture Beersheba.
Nov. 7--Gaza captured.
Nov. 15--Italian retreat ends.
Nov. 20--Battle of Cambrai.
Dec. 9--British entry into Jerusalem.

1918.

Feb. 21--Jericho captured.
Mar. 21--Great German offensive begins.
Mar. 30--General Foch assumes Chief Command.
June 2--German advance stopped.
July 18--French begin their successful counter-attacks.
July 20--Second Battle of the Marne.
Sept. 2--Drocourt-Queant line broken.
Sept. 12--Americans recapture St. Mihiel Salient.
Sept. 16--Allied offensive in the Balkans begins.
Sept. 21--Franco-Serbian troops reach the Vardar.
Sept. 27--Hindenburg line broken.
Sept. 28--Anglo-Belgian offensive in Flanders begins.
Oct. 10--Le Cateau recaptured.
Oct. 17--Recapture of Ostend, Lille and Douai.
Oct. 26--Fall of Aleppo.

_NAVAL._

1914.

Aug. 28--Battle of Heligoland Bight.
Nov. 1--Battle of Coronel.
Dec. 8--Battle of Falkland Islands.
Dec. 16--Bombardment of Scarborough, Whitby and Hartlepools.

1915.

Jan. 24--Battle of Dogger Bank.
Feb. 13--Germany begins “submarine blockade.”
Feb. 25--Dardanelles Forts attacked.
May 7--Lusitania sunk.

1916.

Mar. 16--Fall of Admiral von Tirpitz.
May 21--Battle of Jutland.
June 5--Lord Kitchener drowned in wreck of H.M.S. _Hampshire_.
Sept. 1--Naval demonstration at Athens by Allies.
Oct. 7--German submarine appeared off coast of United States.
Oct. 26--German attack on Dover Patrol.
Nov. 23--German destroyer attack in Straits of Dover.
Nov. 29--Sir David Beatty succeeds Lord Jellicoe.

1917.

Jan. 22--Destroyer fight off Dutch Coast.
Feb. 1--Germany begins “unrestricted” submarine war.
April 7--Destroyer action off Zeebrugge.
May 15--Austrian raid on drifters in Straits of Otranto.
May 17--First American warships enter European waters.
June 5--Destroyer action off Belgian coast.
Oct. 17--Naval battle in Riga Gulf.
Nov. 2--Naval engagement in the Kattegat.
Nov. 17--Naval engagement off Heligoland.

1918.

Jan. 20--Raid by Goeben and Breslau at Mudros. Breslau sunk.
April 22--Zeebrugge and Ostend Harbours blocked by British Navy.
May 9--H.M.S. _Vindictive_ sunk at entrance to Ostend Harbour.

AIR RAIDS.

1915.

Jan. 19--First Zeppelin raid on England.
June 7--Zeppelin destroyed by Lieut. Warneford.
Sept. 8--Raid on East Coast and London district; 38 killed, 124
injured.
Oct. 13--Raid on London area: 56 killed, 114 injured.

1916.

Jan. 31--Air raid on six counties: 67 killed, 117 injured.
Feb. 9--First inland raid of aeroplanes.
March 19--Allied air raid on Zeebrugge.
April 3--Damaged Zeppelin comes down in Thames estuary.
Aug. 25--Six Zeppelins raid South-East Coast.
Sept. 3--Raid by 13 Zeppelins. One brought down in flames at
Cuffley.
Sept. 23--Raid on East and South-East Coasts. Two Zeppelins
brought down.
Oct. 1--Zeppelin brought down in flames near London.

1917.

June 13--Daylight raid on London. Killed 97; injured 439.
June 17--Zeppelin destroyed in East Anglia.
July 7--Aeroplane attack on London; 43 killed, 197 injured.
Sept. 3--Raid on Chatham; 107 killed, 86 injured.
Oct. 19--Six Zeppelins lost in France, after raid on London.
Dec. 6--Early morning attack on London by 25 aeroplanes. Two
brought down.

1918.

Jan. 31--Four enemy squadrons bomb Paris. Total casualties 252. A
hospital set on fire.
Mar. 11--Paris bombed; 100 people killed. Four machines shot down.
Aug. 5--Zeppelin destroyed on East Anglia.

FACTS AND FIGURES.

FORCES ENGAGED.

Official figures show the strength of the Allied Armies on Nov. 11th, 1918, the date of the armistice with Germany, as follow:

British 5,680,247
French 5,075,000
Italian 3,420,000
American 3,707,132

The estimated forces of the enemy on the same date were:--

German 4,500,000
Austria-Hungarian 2,230,000
Bulgarian 500,000
Turkish (under) 400,000

CASUALTIES.

Number of men killed or who died of wounds received in the war, is estimated by General March, Chief of Staff of the United States Army, as 7,354,000. He estimates the respective losses thus:--

Russia 1,700,000
Germany 1,600,000
France 1,305,000
Austria 800,000
Great Britain 706,000
Italy 460,000
Turkey 250,000
Belgium 102,000
Bulgaria 100,000
Serbia and Montenegro 100,000
United States 50,000

The total British casualties, killed, wounded or missing, for Navy, Army, and Royal Air Force are 2,917,718.

LOSSES AT SEA.

ALLIES.

Great Britain--Battleships, 13; Battle Cruisers, 3; Cruisers, 25; Monitors, 6; Destroyers, 64; Torpedo Boats, 10; Submarines, 50; Small Craft, 271. Total, 550,000 tons.

France--Battleships, 4; Cruisers, 5; Destroyers, 14; Torpedo Boats, 8; Submarines, 14; Small Craft, 9. Total 110,000 tons.

Italy--Battleships, 3; Cruisers, 2; Monitors, 1; Destroyers, 10; Torpedo Boats, 5; Submarines, 8. Total 76,000 tons.

Japan--Battleships, 1; Cruisers, 4; Destroyers, 3; Torpedo Boat, 1. Total, 50,000 tons.

United States--Cruiser, 1; Destroyers, 2; Submarine, 1. Total, 17,000 tons.

Total for all the Allies--803,000 tons.

ENEMY.

Germany--Battleship, 1; Battle Cruiser, 1; Cruisers, 24; Destroyers, 72; Torpedo Boats, 51; Submarines, 205. Total, 350,000 tons.

Austria-Hungary--Battleships, 3; Cruisers, 2; Monitors, 3; Destroyers, 5; Torpedo Boats, 4; Submarines, 8. Total, 65,000 tons. Total for the Central Powers--415,000 tons.

WAR HONOURS.

The list of war honours conferred for services in the field is a lengthy one. It comprises:--

BRITISH FORCES.

Victoria Cross 563
” ” Bars 2
Distinguished Service Ord. 8,435
” Bars (1st) 609
” (2nd) 52
” (3rd) 3
Military Cross 35,802
” ” Bars (1st) 2,401
” ” (2nd) 133
” ” (3rd) 14
Royal Red Cross (1st Class) 350
” ” (2nd Class) 1,048
” ” (Bars) 17
Distinguished Conduct Medal 22,800
” ” ” Bars (1st) 392
” ” ” (2nd) 6
Military Medal 91,721
” Bars (1st) 3,773
” (2nd) 98

FOREIGN DECORATIONS.

Orders and Decorations have been conferred on the British Armies by Allied Powers as follows:--Officers, 5,931. Other Ranks, 9,398.

COST OF WAR.

It is estimated that the total cost of the war to all the belligerents up to May 1st, 1919, was £35,000,000,000.

The public debt of the principal Allied countries is estimated at £21,000,000,000, and that of the Central Powers at £9,000,000,000.

Our war expenditure:

Total expenditure, August 4, 1914, to March 22, 1919
£9,600,000,000.

Raised by War Loan, Bonds, and Treasury Bills
£4,600,000,000:

Borrowed from abroad--£1,300,000,000.

PRINTED AND BOUND BY
PERCY LUND, HUMPHRIES AND CO., LTD.,
THE COUNTRY PRESS, BRADFORD & LONDON.
33284

[Transcriber’s Note:

Page 34, “Pte. C. Bolton” noted as out of alphabetical order.

Page 35, “Pte. C. Bunnett” noted as out of alphabetical order.

Page 35, “Pte. R. Clark” noted as out of alphabetical order.

Page 36, “L/Cpl. T. Greehow” noted as out of alphabetical order.

Inconsistent spelling and hyphenation are as in the original.]

End of Project Gutenberg's Craven's Part in the Great War, by John T. Clayton