Chapter V (2)

This kinde of Dogge called a mastyue or Bandogge is vaste, huge, stubborne, ougly, and eager, of a heuy and burthenous body, and therfore but of litle swiftnesse, terrible, and frightfull to beholde, and more fearce and fell then any _Arcadian_ curre (notwithstãding they are sayd to ha{n}e their generation of the violent Lyon.) They are called _Villatici_, because they are appoynted to watche and keepe farme places and co[un]try cotages sequestred from commõ recourse, and not abutting vpon other houses by reason of distaunce, when there is any feare conceaued of theefes, robbers, spoylers, and night wanderers. They are seruiceable against the Foxe and the Badger, to drive wilde and tame swyne out of Medowes, pastures, glebelandes and places planted with fruite, to bayte and take the bull by the eare, when occasion so requireth. One dogge or two at the vttermost, sufficient for that purpose be the bull neuer so monsterous, neuer so fearce, neuer so furious, neuer so stearne, neuer so vntameable. For it is a kinde of dogge capeable of courage, violent and valiaunt, striking could feare into the harts of men, but standing in feare of no man, in so much that no weapons will make him shrincke, nor abridge his boldnes. Our Englishe men (to th' intent that theyr dogges might be the more fell and fearce) assist nature with arte, vse, and custome, for they teach theyr dogges to baite the Beare, to baite the Bull and other such like cruell and bloudy beastes (appointing an ouerseer of the game) without any collar to defend theyr throtes, and oftentimes they traine them vp in fighting and wrestling with a man hauing for the safegarde of his lyfe, eyther a Pikestaffe, a (26) clubbe, or a sworde and by vsing them to such exercises as these, theyr dogges become more sturdy and strong. The force which is in them surmounteth all beleefe, the fast holde which they take with their teeth exceedeth all credit, three of them against a Beare, fowre against a Lyon are sufficient, both to try masteryes with them and vtterly to ouermatch them. Which thing _Henry_ the seuenth of that name, King of England (a Prince both politique & warlike) perceauing on a certaine time (as the report runneth) commaunded all such dogges (how many soeuer they were in number) should be hanged, beyng deepely displeased, and conceauing great disdaine, that an yll fauoured rascall curre should with such violent villany, assault the valiaunt Lyon king of all beastes. An example for all subiectes worthy remembraunce, to admonishe them that it is no aduantage to them to rebell against y^e regiment of their ruler, but to keepe them within the limits of Loyaltie. I reede an history aunswerable to this of the selfe same _Henry_, who hauing a notable and an excellent fayre Falcon, it fortuned that the kings Falconers, in the presence and hearing of his grace, highly commended his Maiesties Falcon, saying that it feared not to intermeddle with an Eagle, it was so venturous a byrde and so mighty, which when the King harde, he charged that the Falcon should be killed without delay, for the selfe same reason (as it may seeme) which was rehersed in the cõclusion of the former history concerning the same king. This dogge is called, in like maner, _Cathenarius_, _a Cathena_, of the chaine wherwith he is tyed at the gates, in y^e day time, least beyng lose he should doe much mischiefe and yet might giue occasion of feare and terror by his bigge barcking. And albeit _Cicero_ in his oration had _Pro. S. Ross._ be of this opinion, that such Dogges as barcke in the broade day light shoulde haue their legges broken, yet our countrymen, on this side the seas for their carelessnes of lyfe setting all at cinque and sice, are of a contrary iudgement. For theefes roge vp & down in euery corner, no place is free from them, no not y^e princes pallace, (27) nor the country mans cotage. In the day time they practise pilfering, picking, open robbing, and priuy stealing, and what legerdemaine lacke they? not fearing the shamefull and horrible death of hanging. The cause of which inconuenience doth not onely issue from nipping neede & wringing want, for all y^t steale, are not pinched with pouerty, but som steale to maintaine their excessiue and prodigall expences in apparell, their lewdnes of lyfe, their hautines of hart, theyr wantonnes of maners, theyr wilfull ydlenes, their ambitious brauery, and the pryde of the sawcy _Salacones'_ #megalorrhountôn# vaine glorious and arrogant in behauiour, whose delight dependeth wholly to mount nimbly on horsebacke, to make them leape lustely, spring and praunce, galloppe and amble, to runne a race, to wynde in compasse, and so forthe, liuing all together vpon the fatnesse of the spoyle. Othersom therbe which steale, being thereto prouoked by penury & neede, like masterlesse m[en] applying themselues to no honest trade, but raunging vp and downe impudently begging, and complayning of bodily weakenesse where is no want of abilitie. But valiaunt _Valentine_ th'emperour, by holsome lawes prouided that suche as hauing no corporall sicknesse, solde themselues to begging, pleded pouerty wyth pretended infirmitie, & cloaked their ydle and slouthfull life with colourable shifts and cloudy cossening, should be a perpetuall slaue and drudge to him, by whom their impudent ydlenes was bewrayed, and layde against them in publique place, least the insufferable slouthfullnes of such vagabondes should be burthenous to the people, or being so hatefull and odious, should growe into an example. _Alfredus_ likewise in the gouernment of his common wealth, procured such increase of credite to Justice and vpright dealing by his prudent actes and statutes, that if a mã trauailing by the hygh way of the countrey vnder his dominion, chaunced to lose a budget full of gold, or his capcase farsed with things of great value, late in the euening, he should finde it where (28) he lost it, safe, sound, and vntouched the next morning, yea (which is a wonder) at any time for a whole monethes space if he sought for it, as _Ingulphus Croyladensis_ in his History recordeth. But in this our vnhappy age, in these (I say) our deuelishe dayes nothing can scape the clawes of the spoyler, though it be kept neuer so sure within the house, albe it the doores bee lockt and boulted round about. This dogge in like maner of _Græcians_ is called #oikouros#.

Of the latinists _Canis Custos_, in Englishe the Dogge keeper.

Borrowing his name of his seruire, for he doth not onely keepe farmers houses, but also merchaunts maisons, wherin great wealth, riches, substaunce, and costly stuffe is reposed. And therfore were certaine dogges founde and maintained at the common costes and charges of the Citizens of _Rome_ in the place called _Capitolium_, to giue warning of theefes comming. This kind of dogge, is also called,

In latine _Canis Laniarius_ in Englishe the Butchers Dogge.

So called for the necessity of his vse, for his seruice affoordeth great benefite to the Butcher as well in following as in taking his cattell when neede constraineth, vrgeth, and requireth. This kinde of dogge is likewise called,

In latine _Molossicus_ or _Molossus_.

After the name of a countrey in _Epirus_ called _Molossia_, which harboureth many stoute, stronge, and sturdy Dogges of this sort, for the dogges of that countrey are good in deede, or else their is no trust to be had in the testimonie of writers. This dogge is also called,

In latine _Canis Mandatarius_ a Dogge messinger or Carrier.

Upon substanciall consideration, because at his masters voyce and commaundement, he carrieth letters from place to place, wrapped vp cunningly in his lether collar, fastened therto, or sowed close therin, who, least he should be hindered in his passage vseth these helpes very skilfully, namely resistaunce (29) in fighting if he be not ouermatched, or else swiftnesse & readinesse in running away, if he be vnable to buckle with the dogge that would faine haue a snatch at his skinne. This kinde of dogge is likewise called,

In latine _Canis Lunarius_, in Englishe the Mooner.

Because he doth nothing else but watch and warde at an ynche, wasting the wearisome night season without slombering or sleeping, bawing & wawing at the Moone (that I may vse the word of _Nonius_) a qualitie in mine opinion straunge to consider. This kinde of dogge is also called.

In latine _Aquarius_ in Englishe a water drawer.

And these be of the greater and the waighter sort drawing water out of wells and deepe pittes, by a wheele which they turne rounde about by the mouing of their burthenous bodies. This kinde of dogge is called in like maner.

_Canis Sarcinarius_ in Latine, and may aptly be englished a Tynckers Curre.

Because with marueilous pacience they beare bigge budgettes fraught with Tinckers tooles, and mettall meete to mend kettels, porrige pottes, skellets, and chafers, and other such like trumpery requisite for their occupacion and loytering trade, easing him of a great burthen which otherwise he himselfe should carry vpon his shoulders, which condition hath challenged vnto them the foresaid name. Besides the qualities which we haue already recounted, this kind of dogges hath this principall property ingrafted in them, that they loue their masters liberally, and hate straungers despightfully, wherevpon it followeth that they are to their masters, in traueiling a singuler safgard, defending them forceably from the inuasion of villons and theefes, preseruing their lyfes from losse, and their health from hassard, theyr fleshe from hacking and hewing with such like desperate daungers. For which consideration they are meritoriously (30) tearmed,

In Latine _Canes defensores_ defending dogges in our mother tounge.

If it chaunce that the master bee oppressed, either by a multitude, or by the greater violence & so be beaten downe that he lye groueling on the grounde, (it is proued true by experience) that this Dogge forsaketh not his master, no not when he is starcke deade: But induring the force of famishment and the outragious tempestes of the weather, most vigilantly watcheth and carefully keepeth the deade carkasse many dayes, indeuouring, furthermore, to kil the murtherer of his master, if he may get any aduantage. Or else by barcking, by howling, by furious iarring, snarring, and such like meanes betrayeth the malefactour as desirous to haue the death of his aforesayde Master rigorouslye reuenged. An example hereof fortuned within the compasse of my memory. The Dogge of a certaine wayefaring man trauailing from the Citie of London directly to the Towne of Kingstone (most famous and renowned by reason of the triumphant coronation of eight seuerall Kings) passing ouer a good portion of his iourney was assaulted and set vpon by certaine confederate theefes laying in waight for the spoyle in _Comeparcke_, a perillous bottom, compassed about wyth woddes to well knowne for the manyfolde murders & mischeefeous robberies theyr committed. Into whose handes this passinger chaunced to fall, so that his ill lucke cost him the price of his lyfe. And that Dogge whose syer was Englishe (which _Blondus_ registreth to haue bene within the banckes of his rem[em]brance) manifestly perceauyng that his Master was murthered (this chaunced not farre from _Paris_) by the handes of one which was a suiter to the same womã, whom he was a wooer vnto, dyd both bewraye the bloudy butcher, and attempted to teare out the villons throate if he had not sought meanes to auoyde the reuenging rage of the Dogge. In fyers also which fortune in the silence (31) and dead time of the night, or in stormy weather of the sayde season, the older dogges barcke, ball, howle, and yell (yea notwithstandyng they bee roughly rated) neyther will they stay their tounges till the householde seruauntes, awake, ryse, searche, and see the burning of the fyre, which beyng perceaued they vse voluntary silence, and cease from yolping. This hath bene, and is founde true by tryall, in sundry partes of England. There was no faynting faith in that Dogge, which when his Master by a mischaunce in hunting stumbled and fell toppling downe a deepe dytche beyng vnable to recouer of himselfe, the Dogge signifying his masters mishappe, reskue came, and he was hayled up by a rope, whom the Dogge seeyng almost drawne up to the edge of the dytche, cheerefully saluted, leaping and skipping vpon his master as though he woulde haue imbraced hym, beyng glad of his presence, whose longer absence he was lothe to lacke. Some Dogges there be, which will not suffer fyery coales to lye skattered about the hearthe, but with their pawes wil rake up the burnyng coales, musying and studying fyrst with themselues how it myght conueniently be done. And if so bee that the coales cast to great a heate then will they buyry them in ashes and so remoue them forwarde to a fyt place wyth theyr noses. Other Dogges bee there which exequute the office of a Farmer in the nyghte tyme. For when his master goeth to bedde to take his naturall sleepe, And when,

A hundred barres of brasse and yron boltes,
Make all things safe from startes and from reuoltes.
VVhen Ianus keepes the gate with Argos eye,
That daungers none approch, ne mischiefes nye.

As Virgill vaunteth in his verses, Then if his master byddeth him go abroade, he lingereth not, but raungeth ouer all his lands lying there about, more diligently, I wys, then any farmer himselfe. And if he finde anything their that is straunge and pertaining to other persons besides his master, (32) whether it be man, woman, or beast, he driueth them out of the ground, not medling with any thing which doth belong to the possession and vse of his master. But how much faythfulnes, so much diuersitie there is in their natures,

For there be some,

{ Which barcke only with free and open throate but will not bite,
{ Which doe both barcke and byte,
{ Which bite bitterly before they barcke,

The first are not greatly to be feared, because they themselues are fearefull, and fearefull dogges (as the prouerbe importeth) barcke most vehemently.

The second are daungerous, it is wisedome to take heede of them because they sounde, as it were, an _Alarum_ of an afterclappe, and these dogges must not be ouer much moued or prouoked, for then they take on outragiously as if they were madde, watching to set the print of their teeth in the fleshe. And these kinde of dogges are fearce and eager by nature.

The thirde are deadly, for they flye upon a man, without vtteraunce of voyce, snatch at him, and catche him by the throate, and most cruelly byte out colloppes of fleashe. Feare these kind of Curres, (if thou be wise and circumspect about thine owne safetie) for they bee stoute and stubberne dogges, and set vpon a man at a sodden vnwares. By these signes and tokens, by these notes and argumentes our men discerne the cowardly curre from the couragious dogge the bolde from the fearefull, the butcherly from the gentle and tractable. Moreouer they coniecture that a whelpe of an yll kinde is not worthe the keeping and that no dogge can serue the sundry vses of men so aptly and so conueniently as this sort of whom we haue so largely written already. For if any be disposed to drawe the aboue named seruices into a table, what mã more clearely, and with more vehemency of voyce giueth warning eyther of a wastefull beast, or of a spoiling theefe then this? who by his barcking (as good as a burning beacon) (33) foreshoweth hassards at hand? What maner of beast stronger? what serua[un]t to his master more louing? what companion more trustie? what watchman more vigilant? what reuenger more constant? what messinger more speedie? what water bearer more painefull? Finally what packhorse more patient? And thus much concerning English Dogges, first of the gentle kinde, secondly of the courser kinde. Nowe it remaineth that we deliuer vnto you the Dogges of a mungrell or a currishe kinde, and then will wee perfourme our taske.

¶ A Diall pertaining to the
_fourth Section_.

Dogs comprehended in y^e fourth section are these

{ The shepherds dogge
{ The Mastiue or Bandogge,

which hath sundry names diriued frõ sundry circ[um]stances as

{ The keeper or watch man
{ The butchers dogge
{ The messinger or carrier
{ The Mooner
{ The water drawer
{ The Tinckers curr
{ The fencer,

called in Latine _Canes Rustici_.

(34) The fifth Section of this
_treatise_.

Containing Curres of the mungrell and rascall sort and
first of the Dogge called in Latine, _Admonitor_,
and of vs in Englishe VVappe
or VVarner.

Of such dogges as keepe not their kinde, of such as are mingled out of sundry sortes not imitating the conditions of some one certaine spice, because they res[em]ble no notable shape, nor exercise any worthy property of the true perfect and gentle kind, it is not necessarye that I write any more of them, but to banishe them as vnprofitable implements, out of the boundes of my Booke, vnprofitable I say for any vse that is commendable, except to intertaine stra[un]gers with their barcking in the day time, giuyng warnyng to them of the house, that such & such be newly come, wherevpon we call them admonishing Dogges, because in that point they performe theyr office.

Of the Dogge called Turnespete in Latine _Veruuersator_.

There is comprehended, vnder the curres of the coursest kinde, a certaine dogge in kytchen seruice excellent. For wh[en] any meate is to bee roasted they go into a wheele which they turning rounde about with the waight of their bodies, so (35) diligently looke to their businesse, that no drudge nor skullion can doe the feate more cunningly. Whom the popular sort herevpon call Turnespets, being the last of all those which wee haue first mencioned.

Of the Dogge called the Daunser, in Latine _Saltator_ or _Tympanista_.

There be also dogges among vs of a mungrell kind which are taught and exercised to daunce in measure at the musicall sounde of an instrument, as, at the iust stroke of the drombe, at the sweete accent of the Cyterne, & tuned strings of the harmonious Harpe showing many pretty trickes by the gesture of their bodies. As to stand bolte upright, to lye flat vpon the grounde, to turne rounde as a ringe holding their tailes in their teeth, to begge for theyr meate, and sundry such properties, which they learne of theyr vagabundicall masters, whose instrumentes they are to gather gaine, withall in Citie, Country, Towne, and Village. As some which carry olde apes on their shoulders in coloured iackets to moue men to laughter for a litle lucre.

Of other Dogges, a short conclusion, wonderfully ingendred within the coastes of this country.

Three sortes of them,

{ The first bred of a bytch and a wolfe, } In Latine _Lyciscus_.
{ The second of a bytche and a foxe, } In Latine _Lacæna_.
{ The third of a beare and a bandogge, } In Latine _Vrcanus_.

Of the first we haue none naturally bred within the borders of England. The reason is for the want of wolfes, without whom no such kinde of Dogge can bee ingendred. Againe (36) it is deliuered vnto thee in this discourse, how and by what meanes, by whose benefite, and within what circuite of tyme, this country was cleerely discharged of rauenyng wolfes, and none at all left, no, not to the least number, or the beginnyng of a number, which is an _Vnari_.

Of the second sort we are not vtterly voyde of some, because this our Englishe soyle is not free from foxes (for in deede we are not without a multitude of them in so much as diuerse keepe, foster, and feede them in their houses among their houndes and dogges, eyther for some maladie of mind, or for some sicknesse of body,) which peraduenture the savour of that subtill beast would eyther mitigate or expell.

The thirde kinde which is bred of a Beare and a Bandogge we want not heare in England, (A straunge & wonderfull effect, that cruell enimyes should enter into y^e worke of copulation & bring forth so sauage a curre.) Undoubtedly it is euen so as we haue reported, for the fyery heate of theyr fleshe, or rather the pricking thorne, or most of all, the tyckling lust of lechery, beareth such swinge and sway in them, that there is no contrairietie for the time, but of constraint they must ioyne to ingender. And why should not this bee consonant to truth? why shoulde not these beastes breede in this lande, as well as in other forreigne nations? For wee reede that Tigers and dogges in _Hircania_, that Lyons and Dogges in _Arcadia_, and that wolfes and dogges in _Francia_, couple and procreate. In men and women also lyghtened with the lantarne of reason (but vtterly voide of vertue) that foolishe, frantique, and fleshely action, (yet naturally sealed in vs) worketh so effectuously, y^t many tymes it doth reconcile enimyes, set foes at freendship, vnanimitie, & atonement, as _Moria_ mencioneth. The _Vrcane_ which is bred of a beare and a dogge,

Is fearce, is fell, is stoute and stronge,
And byteth sore to fleshe and bone,
His furious force indureth longe
In rage he will be rul'de of none.

That I may vse the wordes of the Poet _Gratius_, This (37) dogge exceedeth all other in cruell conditions, his leering and fleering lookes, his stearne and sauage vissage, maketh him in sight feareful and terrible, he is violent in fighting, & wheresoeuer he setteth his tenterhooke teeth, he taketh such sure & fast hold that a man may sooner teare and rende him in sunder, then lose him and seperate his chappes. He passeth not for the Wolfe, the Beare, the Lyon, nor the Bull, and may wortherly (as I thinke) be companiõ with _Alexanders_ dogge which came out of _India_. But of these, thus much, and thus farre may seeme sufficient.

A starte to outlandishe Dogges in this conclusion, not impertinent to the Authors purpose.

Vse and custome hath intertained other dogges of an outlandishe kinde, but a fewe and the same beyng of a pretty bygnesse, I meane Iseland, dogges curled & rough al ouer, which by reason of the lenght of their heare make showe neither of face nor of body. And yet these curres, forsoothe, because they are so straunge are greatly set by, esteemed, taken vp, and made of many times in the roome of the Spaniell gentle or comforter. The natures of men is so moued, nay rather marryed to nouelties without all reason, wyt, iudgement or perseueraunce. #Erômen allotriôn, parorômen sungeneis#.

Outlandishe toyes we take with delight,
Things of our owne nation we haue in despight.

Which fault remaineth not in vs concerning dogges only, but for artificers also. And why? it is to manyfest that wee disdayne and contempne our owne workmen, be they neuer so skilfull, be they neuer so cunning, be they neuer so excellent. A beggerly beast brought out of barbarous borders, frõ the vttermost countryes Northward, &c., we stare at, we gase at, we muse, we maruaile at, like an asse of _Cumanum_, like Thales with the brasen shancks, like the man in the Moone.

(38) The which default _Hippocrates_ marcked when he was alyue, as euidently appeareth in the beginnyng of his booke #peri agmôn#, so intituled and named:

And we in our worcke entituled _De Ephemera Britanica_, to the people of England haue more plentifully expressed. In this kinde looke which is most blockishe, and yet most waspishe, the same is most esteemed, and not amonge Citizens onely and iolly gentlemen, but among lustie Lordes also, and noble men, and daintie courtier ruffling in their ryotous ragges. Further I am not to wade in the foorde of this discourse, because it was my purpose to satisfie your expectation with a short treatise (most learned _Conrade_) not wearysome for me to wryte, nor tedious for you to peruse. Among other things which you haue receaued at my handes heretofore, I remember that I wrote a seuerall description of the Getulian Dogge, because there are but a fewe of them and therefore very seldome scene. As touching Dogges of other kyndes you your selfe haue taken earnest paine, in writing of them both lyuely, learnedly and largely. But because wee haue drawne this libell more at length then the former which I sent you (and yet briefer than the nature of the thing myght well beare) regardyng your more earnest and necessary studdies. I will conclude makyng a rehearsall notwithstanding (for memoryes sake) of certaine specialties contayned in the whole body of this my breuiary. And because you participate principall pleasure in the knowledge of the common and vsuall names of Dogges (as I gather by the course of your letters) I suppose it not amysse to deliuer vnto you a shorte table contayning as well the Latine as the Englishe names, and to render a reason of euery particular appellation, to th'intent that no scruple may remaine in this point, but that euery thing may bee sifted to the bare bottome.

A Diall pertaining to the
_fifte Section_.

Dogges contained in this last Diall or Table are

{ The wapp or warner,
{ The Turnespet,
{ The dauncer,

called in Latine _Canes Rustici_

A Supplement or Addition, containing
a demonstration of Dogges
names how they had their
Originall.

The names contayned in the generall table, for so much as they signifie nothing to you being a straunger, and ignoraunt of the Englishe tounge, except they be interpreted: As we haue giuen a reason before of y^e latine words so meane we to doe no lesse of the Englishe that euery thing maye be manyfest vnto your vnderstanding. Wherein I intende to obserue the same order which I haue followed before.

The names of such Dogges as be contained in the first section.

_Sagax_, in Englishe Hunde, is deriued of our English word (40) hunte. One letter chaunged in another, namely, T, into D, as Hunt, Hunde, whom (if you coniecture to be so named of your country worde _Hunde_ which signifieth the generall name Dogge, because of the similitude and likenesse of the wordes I will not stand in contradiction (friende _Gesner_) for so much as we retaine among vs at this day many Dutche wordes which the _Saxons_ left at such time as they occupyed this country of Britane. Thus much also vnderstand, that as in your language _Hunde_ is the common word, so in our naturall tounge dogge is the vniuersall, but _Hunde_ is perticuler and a speciall, for it signifieth such a dogge onely as serueth to hunt, and therfore it is called a hunde.

Of the Gasehounde.

The Gasehounde called in latine _Agasæus_, hath his name of the sharpenesse and stedfastnesse of his eyesight. By which vertue he compasseth that which otherwise he cannot by smelling attaine. As we haue made former relation, for to gase is earnestly to viewe and beholde, from whence floweth the deriuation of this dogges name.

Of the Grehounde.

The Grehounde called _Leporarius_, hath his name of this word, Gre, which word soundeth, _Gradus_ in latine, in Englishe degree. Because among all dogges these are the most principall, occupying the chiefest place, and being simply and absolutely the best of the gentle kinde of houndes.

Of the Leuyner or the Lyemmer.

This dogge is called a Leuyner, for his lyghtnesse, which in latine soundeth _Leuitas_, Or a Lyemmer which worde is borrowed of Lyemme, which the latinists name _Lorum_: and wherefore we call him a Leuyner of this worde _Leuitas_? (as we doe many things besides) why we deriue and drawe a thousand of our tearmes, out of the _Greeke_, the _Latine_, the _Italian_, the _Dutch_, the _French_, and the _Spanishe_ tounge? (Out of which fountaines in deede, they had their originall issue.) How many words are buryed in the graue of forgetfulnes? growne out of vse? wrested awrye? and peruersly corrupted by diuers (41) defaultes? we wil declare at large in our booke intituled, _Symphonia vocum Britannicarum_.

Of the Tumbler.

Among houndes the Tumbler called in latine _Vertagus_, is the last, which commeth of this worde Tumbler flowyng first of al out of the French fountaine. For as we say Tumble so they, _Tumbier_, reseruing one sense and signification, which the latinists comprehende vnder this worde _Vertere_, So that we see thus much, that Tumbler commeth of _Tumbier_, the vowell, I, chaunged into the _Liquid_, L, after y^e maner of our speache. Contrary to the French and the Italian tounge. In which two languages, A _Liquid_ before a _Vowell_ for the most part is turned into another _Vowell_, As, may be perceaued in the example of these two wordes, _Implere_ & _plano_, for _Impiere_ & _piano_, L, before, E, chaunged into, I, and L, before A, turned into I, also. This I thought conuenient for a taste.

The names of such Dogges as be contained in the second Section.

After such as serue for hunting orderly doe follow such as serue for hawking and fowling, Among which the principall and chiefest is the Spaniell, called in Latine _Hispaniolus_, borrowing his name of _Hispania_ Spaine, wherein wee Englishe men not pronouncing the Aspiration H, Nor the _Vowell_ I, for quicknesse and redinesse of speach say roundly A Spaniell.

Of the Setter.

The second sort of this second diuision and second section, is called a Setter, in latine _Index_, Of the worde Set which signifieth in Englishe that which the Latinistes meane by this word _Locum designare_, y^e reason is rehersed before more largely, it shall not neede to make a new repetition.

(42) Of the water Spaniell or Finder.

The water Spaniell consequently followeth, called in Latine Aquaticus, in English a waterspaniell, which name is compounde of two simple wordes, namely Water, which in Latine so[un]deth _Aqua_, wherein he swymmeth. And _Spaine_, _Hispania_, the country frõ whence they came, Not that England wanted such kinde of Dogges, (for they are naturally bred and ingendred in this country.) But because they beare the generall and common name of these Dogges synce the time they were first brought ouer out of Spaine. And wee make a certaine difference in this sort of Dogges, eyther for some thing which in theyr voyce is to be marked, or for some thing which in their qualities is to be considered, as for an example in this kinde called the Spaniell by the apposition and putting to of this word water, which two coupled together sounde waterspaniell. He is also called a fynder, in Latine _Inquisitor_, because that by serious and secure seeking, he findeth such things as be lost, which word _Finde_ in English is that which the Latines meane by this Verbe _Inuenire_. This dogge hath this name of his property because the principall point of his seruice consisteth in the premisses.

The names of such Dogges as be contained in the thirde Section.

Now leauing the suruie we of hunting and hauking dogs, it remaineth that we runne ouer the residue, whereof some be called, fine dogs, some course, other some mungrels or rascalls. The first is the Spaniell gentle called _Canis Melitæus_, because it is a kinde of dogge accepted among gentles, Nobles, Lordes, Ladies, &c. who make much of them vouchsafeing to admit them so farre into their company that they will not onely lull them in theyr lappes, but kysse them with their lippes, and make them theyr prettie playfellowes. Such a one was _Gorgons_ litle puppie mencioned by _Theocritus_ in _Siracusis_, (43) who taking his iourney, straightly charged & commaunded his mayde to see to his Dogge as charely and warely as to his childe: To call him in alwayes that he wandred not abroade, as well as to rock the babe a sleepe, crying in the cradle. This puppitly and peasantly curre, (which some frumpingly tearme fysteing hounds) serue in a maner to no good vse except, (As we haue made former relation) to succour and strengthen quailing and quammning stomackes to bewray bawdery, and filthy abhominable leudnesse (which a litle dogge of this kinde did in _Sicilia_) As _Ælianus_ in his .7. booke of beastes and .27. chapter recordeth.

The names of such dogges as be contained in the fourth Section.

Of dogges vnder the courser kinde, wee will deale first with the shepherds dogge, whom we call the Bandogge, the Tydogge, or the Mastyue, the first name is imputed to him for seruice _Quoniam pastori famulatur_, because he is at the shepherds his masters commaundement. The seconde a _Ligamento_ of the band or chaine wherewith he is tyed, The thirde a _Sagina_, Of the fatnesse of his body.

For this kinde of dogge which is vsually tyed, is myghty, grosse, and fat fed. I know this that _Augustinus Niphus_, calleth this _Mastinus_ (which we call Mastiuus.) And that _Albertus_ writeth how the _Lyciscus_ is ingendred by a beare and a wolfe. Notwithstanding the self same Author taketh it for the most part _pro Molosso_. A dogge of such a countrey.

The names of such dogges as be contained in the fifte Section.

Of mungrels and rascalls somwhat is to be spoken. And among these, of y^e _VVappe_ or _Turnespet_, which name is made of two simple words, that is, of _Turne_, which in latine soundeth _Vertere_, and of _spete_ which is _Veru_, or _spede_, for the Englishe word inclineth closer to the Italian imitation: _Veruuersator_, Turnspet. He is called also VVaupe, of the naturall noise of (44) his voyce _VV_au, which he maketh in barcking. But for the better and the redyer sounde, the vowell, u, is chaunged into the cõsonant, p, so y^t for waupe we say wappe. And yet I wot well that _Nonius_ boroweth his _Baubari_ of the natural voyce _Bau_, as the _Græcians_ doe their #bauzein# of wau.

Now when you vnderstand this that _Saltare_ in latine signifieth _Dansare_ in Englishe. And that our dogge therevpon is called a daunser and in the latine _Saltator_, you are so farre taught as you were desirous to learne, And now suppose I, there remaineth nothing, but that your request is fully accomplished.

The winding vp of this worke, called the Supplement, &c.

Thus (Friend _Gesner_) you haue, not only the kindes of our countrey dogges, but their names also, as well in latine as in Englishe, their offices, seruices, diuersities, natures, & properties, that you can demaunde no more of me in this matter. And albeit I haue not satisfied your minde peradu[en]ture (who suspectest al speede in the performaunce of your requeste employed, to be meere delayes) because I stayde the setting fourth of that vnperfect pamphlet which, fiue yeares ago, I sent to you as a priuate friende for your owne reeding, and not to be printed, and so made common, yet I hope (hauing like the beare lickt ouer my younge) I haue waded in this worke to your contentation, which delay hath made somewhat better and #deuterai phrontides#, after witte more meete to be perused.

The ende of this treatise.

FINIS.

[Decoration]

_An Alphabetical Index, declaring the_
whole discourse of this abridgement. The number importeth the Page.

_A._

Abridgement of Dogges. 1
Abstinence from lost goods. 27
Aelianus his opinion of bloodhoundes. 6
Aelianus and Aelius, opinion of the beauer. 19
Alfredus maintained iustice. 27
An example of rebellion, and the reward of the same. 26
An example of loue in a dogge. 31
Arcadian dogge. 36

_B._

Bandogges bayte the Beare and the Bull. 25
Blondus opinion of a dogge. 30
Blooddy and butcherlye curres. 32
Beauer called a water dogge. 19
Beauer wherein hee is lyke a dogge. 19
Beasts preuented of succor. 5
Bloodhoundes howe they are knowne. 5
Bloodhounds conditions in h[un]ting. ibidem
Bloodhounds whence they borrowe their names. ibid.
Bloodhoundes pursue without wearinesse. 6
Bloodhoundes discerne theeues from true men. 6
Bloodhoundes hunte by water and by land. ibid.
Bloodhoundes when they cease from hunting. ibidem
Bloodhoundes why they are kept close in the daye,
and let lose in the night. ibide.
Bloodhounds haue not lybertye alwayes
to raunge at wyll. 7
Bloodhoundes are their maisters guides. ibid.
Borders of England pestred with pylferers. ibidem
Bloodhounds why they are vsed in England
and Scotland. ibi.
Bloodhoundes take not the water naturally. ibidem
Bloodhoundes called Brache in Scottishe. ibidem
Bloodhounds when they barck. 8
Butchers dogge. 28
Butchers dogge why so called. ibide.

_C._

Caius booke of dogges twyse written. 1
Conny is not hunted. 4
Connye caught with the ferryt. ibidem
Conny taken with the net. ibi.
Continuaunce of tyme breedeth cunning. 8
Castle of Flint. 10
Cunnies preuented of succor. 11
Callimachus. 20
Cõforter called Meliteus. ibid.
Comforters proportion described. ibide.
Comforters condicions declared. ibidem
Comforters to what ende they serue. ibidem
Comforters the pretier, the pleasaunter. 21
Comforters, companions of ydle dames. ibidem
Comforters why they are so much estemed
among gentlefolkes. ibidem
Comforters, what vertue is in them. ibide.
Conditions natural, som secrete, some manifest. ibide.
Comforters called by sundrye names. ibide.
Cicero pro S. Ross. 26
Countrey cotages annoyed with theeues. ibidem
Capitolium kept dogges at the common charge. ibide.
Carrier why he is so called. 28
Carriers seruice and properties. ibidem
Comeparcke, a perillous place. 30
Cõmendation of the mastiue. 32

_D._

Dogges for hunting two kindes generally. 2
Diuerse dogges diuerse vses. 4
Deceipt is th' instrument of the Tumbler. 12
Dogges for the faulcon, the phesaunt,
and the partridge. 15
Dogs are houshold seruants. 16
Ducks deceaue both dogge and maister. 17
Ducks subtyle of nature. ibi.
Ducks diss[em]ble weaknesse. ibi.
Ducks prudent and prouident. ibidem
Ducks regarde them selues and their broode. ibid.
Dogges of a course kind. ibi.
Dissembling theeues. 27
Dissembling dogges. 30
Defending dogges stick to their maisters
to the death. ibide.
Defending dogges greedy of reuengement. ibidem
Diuersitie of mastiues. 32
Daungerous dogges. ibid.
Daunsers qualities. 35
Daunsers begge for their meate. ibidem
Daunsers vsed for lucre and gaine. ibid.
Dogges wonderfullye ingendred. ibidem

_E._

England is not without Scottish dogges. 2
Election in a gase hound. 8
England and VVales are cleare from wolues. 24
Edgar what tyme King of England. ibidem
Epirus a countrey in Græcia. 28

_F._

Foxe hunted by the gasehound. 8
Flight preuenteth peryl. 9
Froisart historiographer. 10
Flint Castle. ibide.
Fiench dogges howe their skins be speckled. 15
Fisher dogge none in Englande. 18
Fisher dogge, doubtfull if there be any such. ibidem
Faulcon and an Eagle fight. 26
Faulcon kylled for fighting with an Eagle. ibid.
Fire betraied by a dogge. 30
Fire raked vp by a dogge. 31
Farmars keepe dogges. ibid.
Feareful dogges barke sorest. 32
Foxes kept for sundrye causes. 36
Foxes holsome in houses. ibid.

_G._

Gesner desirous of knowledge. 1
Gesner earnest in experimentes. ibi.
Gasehounde whence he hath his name. 9
Gasehoundes vsed in the North. ibidem
Gasehound somtimes loseth his waye. ibidem
Grehound light footed. ibid.
Grehounds special seruice. ibi.
Grehoundes strong and swifte. ibidem
Grehounds game. 10
Grehounds spare of body. ibi.
Grehounds nature wonderfull. ibid.
Grehounde of King Richarde. ibid.
Gentle dogge. 14
Gratius Poet his opinion. 37
Getulian dogge. 38

_H._

Hunting wherin it consisteth. 2
Hunting and fowleing doo differ. 3
Hunting dogges, fiue speciall kinds. ibid.
Harryer excelleth in smelling. ibidem
Harryer how he is known. ibi.
Hare hunted by the gasehound. 8
Henry Duke of Lancaster. 10
Hole of the Conny, their hauen of health. 11
Hare daunsing in measure. 16
Hare beating and thumping a dogge. ibidem
Heare a hinderaunce to the water Spaniell
in swymming. 17
Heare an vnprofitable burthen. ibi.
Hector Boethus. 18
Henry the seuenth. 26
Henries commaundement to hang all bandogges. ibid.
Henries Faulconer, and his Faulcon. ibi.
Hippocrates. 38

_I._

Justice mayntained by Alfred. 27
Ingulphus Croyladensis historiographer. 28
Ianus watching. 31
Indian dogges. 37
Iseland curres, rough and rugged. ibid.
Iselande curres mutch sette by. ibidem

_K._

King Richarde of England. 10
King Edgars trybute out of VVales. 23
King Henrie the seuenth. 26
King of all beasts, the Lyon. ibi.
King of all Birds, the Eagle. ibi.
Keepers seruice. 28
Kingston, or Kingstoune verye famous in olde time. 30
Kinges crowned at Kingstoune, to the number of eyght,
theyr names are these. Edward the first, Athelstan,
Edmunde, Aldred, Edwin, Edgar, Edeldred, Edwarde,
syrnamed Yron rybbes. ibid.

_L._

Leuiner quicke of smelling, and swyft of running. 10
Leuiner, why so called. ibi.
Leuiner foloweth the game eagerly. ibi.
Leuiner taketh his pray speedilie. ibid.
Lyon King of all beasts. 26
Lust of the flesh reconcileth enemies. 36

_M._

Maisters becke a direction to the gasehound. 9
Melita or Malta. 20
Mastiues proportiõ described. 20
Mastiue, why he is called Villaticus. ibi.
Mastiues vse and seruice. ibi.
Mastiues are mankind. ibi.
Mastiues of great might. 16
Molossia. 28
Mooner, why so termed. 29
Mooner watchfull. ibi.
Mungrellesl. [34]
Maisterles men carrie Apes about. 35
Man in the moone. 37

_N._

Nature hath made some dogges for hunting. 4
Naturall properties of the water spaniel. 16
No VVolues in Englande nor VVales. 24
No place free from theeues. 27
Nothing escapeth the spoiler. 18
Nonius bau wau. 19
Names of the mastiue. 33
Names of the spaniel gentle. 22
Names of Dogges whence they were deriued. 39, 40, 41, 42, &c.

_O._

One Dogge hunteth diuerse beastes. 4
Owners of bloudhoundes howe they vse them. 6
Order of the Tumbler in hunting. 11
Of the Cumaneasse. 37
Of brasen shanckt Thales. ibi.
Otter. 7

_P._

Properties of a bloudhound issuing from desire. 7
Proportion and making of the water spaniel. 17
Pupine a byrd and a fyshe. 18
Princes pallace pestered with theeues. 16
Paris in Fraunce. 30

_R._

Rome maintained dogges. 28
Rare toyes meete for Englishemen. 37

_S._

Smelling is not incident to the gasehound. 8
Spaniels of a gentle kinde. 14
Spaniels two sortes. ibide.
Spaniel of the lande what properties. ibidem
Spaniel for the hauke and the nette. ibide.
Spaniels some haue speciall names. ibide.
Spaniel a name vniuersall. 15
Spaniels the colour of their skinnes. ibidem
Setters make no noyse, or very litle, in their game. ibidem
Setters giue attendaunce. ibide.
Setters behauiour. ibide.
Setter whence he hath his name. 16
Sea calfe not numbred amonge Englishe dogges. 19
Sea calfe called a dogge fishe. ibi.
Seele or sea veale. ibidem
Spaniell gentle or the comforter. 20
Shepherdes dogge. 23.
The necessity of their seruice. ibi.
The proportion of them. ibidem
Shepherdes what benefite they reape by their dogges. 24
Sheepherdes in what countryes they go
before their sheepe. ibidem
Sheepe howe they flocke at the sheepherds whistle. ibid.
Sheepherds Dogge choose and take. ibid.
Salacones vaineglorious. 37

_T._

Terrars hunt the badger and the Foxe. 4
Terrars hunt as ferryts hunt. ibi.
Terrars conditions. ibid.
Terrars holde fast with theyr teeth. 5
Tumblers crafty and fraudulent. 11
Tumblers why so named. ibid.
their trade in h[un]ting. ibi.
their dissembling of friendship. ibi.
they hunt against the wind. 12
Theeuish dogges. ibidem
Theeuish Dogge, a night curre. ibidem
Theeues feare no law, 27.
Some steale for neede. ibid.
Some to maintaine brauery. ibi.
Tynckers curres beare burthens 29.
their conditions. ibi.
they loue their masters. ibid.
Two suiters to one woman. 30
Turnespet painefull in the kytchen. 34
Thales with the brasen feete. 37

_V._

Vertue of the comforter. 21
Valentines law for vagabundes. 27
Virgils vearse. 31

_W._

VVatchwordes make Dogges perfect in game. 8
VVonder of a Hare or Leuerit. 16
VVater spaniell called the finder. ibidem
VVater spaniels what properties. ibidem.
VVater spaniels their proportion. 17.
howe they be described by _D. Caius_. ibidem
VVhy so called. ibidem
VVhere their game lyeth and what it is. ibidem
VVhy they are called fynders. ibidem
VVanton women, wanton puppies. 20
VVolues bloudsucking beastes. 23.
none England nor wales. ibidem.
three hundred payde yearely to Prince Edgar. ibid.
VVarner what seruice he doth. 34
VVappes vnprofitable dogges. ibidem

_Y._

Young dogges barcke much. 8
Yolping and yelling in a bandogge. 31
Yll kinde whelpes not regarded. 33

_The ende of the Index._

¶ Faultes escaped
_thus to b'amended_.

In the last page of the Epistle Dedicatory, _Quæ_ for _Qui_
Page. 3. _Grecians_ for _Græcians_,
Page. 28. _Canis Cultos_ for _Canis Custos_,
Page. 38. _Britanica_ for _Britannica_.

Other faultes we referre to the correction of the Reader.

There bee also certaine _Accents_ wanting in the Greeke words which, because we had them not, are pretermitted: so haue wee byn fayne to let the Greeke words run their full length, for lacke of _Abbreuiations_.

_Studio & industriæ,_

_Abrahami_
_Flemingi._

CAMBRIDGE: PRINTED BY JOHN CLAY, M.A. AT THE UNIVERSITY PRESS.

* * * *
* * * * *

Errors and Inconsistencies (English Translation)

_Fleming's Errata_

The form "X for Y" means is "X is a misprint for Y", not "substitute X for Y".

In the last page of the Epistle Dedicatory, _Quæ_ for _Qui_
[qui tantam gratiam conciliauit]
Page. 3. _Grecians_ for _Græcians_,
[the _Græcians_ by thys word #ichneutên#]
[_the spelling "Grecians" also occurs on p. 25, where it has
been changed for consistency:_
This dogge in like maner of _Græcians_ is called #oikouros#]
Page. 28. _Canis Cultos_ for _Canis Custos_,
[Of the latinists _Canis Custos_, in Englishe the Dogge keeper.]
Page. 38. _Britanica_ for _Britannica_.
[our worcke entituled _De Ephemera Britanica_]

References to Greek accents and abbreviations apply to the book as originally published. As noted in the editor's introduction (quoted at the end of the e-text), Greek was regularized in this reprint. Minor errors are listed below.

_Typographical Errors_

Headers in the form "Of the Dogge called..." were printed with or without commas and have not been regularized. Variation between W and VV is unchanged.

Title Page (printed in facsimile)

_Natura etiam in brutis vin ostendit suam._ [_error for "vim"_]
[_If this line is a quotation or paraphrase, it has not been
identified._]
Scene and allowed. [_error for "Seene"_]

Main text (errors introduced or retained in the reprint)

hortatur aliquod quale quale sit
[_duplication probably intentional_]
with the teeth of spightfull enuye, [euuye]
a difference betweene hunting and fowleling, [_text unchanged_]
#kuna potamion# a water dogge
[#kunapotamion# _with incorrect diacritic_]
which are vsed for the fowle are called _Aucupatorij_. [, for .]
they are sayd to ha{n}e their generation of the violent Lyon
[_letter "n" printed in italics: error for "haue"?_]
the sawcy _Salacones'_ #megalorrhountôn#
[_Greek word has extraneous and incorrect accents_]
This dogge in like maner of _Græcians_ is called #oikouros#.
[_for "Græcians", see notes on author's errata, above_]
[_missing . at paragraph-end_]
An example hereof [And example]
Dogs comprehended in y^e fourth section are these [secion]
which is most blockishe, [blocklishe]
["Diall", 5th section] called in Latine _Canes Rustici_
[_text given as printed: apparent error for "Degeneres"_]
as Hunt, Hunde, whom (if you coniecture to be so named
[_open parenthesis as shown_]
Of the Leuyner or the Lyemmer. [Leuyuer]
_Ælianus_ in his .7. booke [his. / 7. _at line break_]
as the _Græcians_ doe their #bauzein# of wau. [, for .]

Index

The random abbreviations of "ibidem" are unchanged.

Hare daunsing in measure. 16 [_comma , for period ._]
Mungrellesl. [34] [_line printed as shown, including brackets_]
Maisterles men carrie Apes about. 35 [Maiterles]
[_the body text consistently spells "Master"; the Index uses
"Maister"_]
VVolues bloudsucking beastes. 23. [_first . missing_]
none England nor wales. ibidem. [nor wales ibidem,]

* * * * *
* * * *
* * * * *

[Transcriber's Note:

This parallel section omits the Latin and English introductions of Fleming's translation, and both Indexes.]

IOANNIS CAII BRITANNI

De _Canibus Britannicis libellus._

_Ad Gesnerum._

The first Section of this
_discourse_.

¶ The Preamble or entraunce, into
this treatise.

Scripsimus ad te (charissime Gesnere) superioribus annis variam historiam de variis quadrupedum, avium, atque piscium formis, variis herbarum atque fruticum speciebus & figuris.

I wrote vnto you (well beloued friende _Gesner_) not many yeares
past, a manifolde historie, contayning the diuers formes and figures
of Beastes, Byrdes, and Fyshes, the sundry shapes of plantes, and
the fashions of Hearbes, &c.

Scripsimus & de canibus quædam ad te seorsum, quæ in libro tuo de iconibus animalium ordine secundo mansuetorum quadrupedum, ubi de Canibus Scoticis scribis, & in fine epistolæ tuæ ad Gulielmum Turnerum de libris a te editis, inter libros nondum excusos, te editurum polliceris.

I wrote moreouer, vnto you seuerally, a certayne abridgement of
Dogges, which in your discourse vpon the fourmes of Beastes in the
seconde order of mylde and tameable Beastes, where you make mencion
of Scottishe Dogges, and in the wynding vp of your Letter written
and directed to Doctour _Turner_, comprehending a Catalogue or
rehersall of your bookes not yet extant, you promised to set forth
in print, and openly to publishe in the face of the worlde among
such your workes as are not yet come abroade to lyght and sight.

Sed quia de Canibus nostris quædam in eo libello mihi videbantur desiderari, editionem prohibui, & alium promisi. Quamobrem, ut promissis meis starem, & expectationi tuæ satisfacerem, homini omnis cognitionis cupido, universitatem generis, differentiam atque usum, mores & ingenium, veluti methodo quadam conabor explicare.

But, because certaine circumstaunces were wanting in my breuiary of
Englishe Dogges (as seemed vnto mee) I stayed the publication of the
same, making promise to sende another abroade, which myght be
commytted to the handes, the eyes, the eares, the mindes, and the
iudgements of the Readers. Wherefore that I myght perfourme that
preciselye, which I promised solempnly, accomplishe my
determination, and satisfy your expectacion: which art a man
desirous and capeable of all kinde of knowledge, and very earnest to
be acquaincted with all experimentes: I wyll expresse and declare in
due order, the grand and generall kinde of Englishe Dogges, the
difference of them, the vse, the propertyes, and the diuerse natures
of the same, making a tripartite diuision in this sort and maner.

Dispertiar in tres species, Generosam, Rusticam, & Degenerem; sic ut de illa primò, de hac postremò, de rustica, medio loco tibi dicam.

All Englishe Dogges be eyther of,

{ A gentle kinde, seruing the game.
{ A homely kind, apt for sundry necessary vses.
{ A currishe kinde, meete for many toyes.

Of these three sortes or kindes so meane I to entreate, that the
first in the first place, the last in the last roome, and the myddle
sort in the middle seate be handled.

Omnes Britannicos vocabo; tum quòd una Insula Britannia, ut Anglicos omnes, sic quoque Scoticos omnes complectatur: tum quòd venatibus magis indulgemus, quia voluptati ex feris & venatione, propter animalium copiam, atque hominum otium, magis Britanni sumus dediti, quàm eorum animalium indigi & negotiosi Scoti.

I cal th[em] vniuersally all by the name of English dogges, as well
because England only, as it hath in it English dogs, so it is not
without Scottishe, as also for that wee are more inclined and
delighted with the noble game of hunting, for we Englishmen are
adicted and giuen to that exercise, & painefull pastime of pleasure,
as well for the plenty of fleshe which our Parkes and Forrests doe
foster, as also for the oportunitie and conuenient leasure which we
obtaine, both which, the Scottes want.

[Ex generosis venaticis.] Ergo cum omnis ratio generosæ venationis, vel in persequendis feris, vel in capiendis avibus finiatur, canum, quibus hæc aguntur, duo genera sunt: alterum quod feras investiget, alterum quod aves persequatur.

Wherfore seeing that the whole estate of kindly hunting consisteth
principally,

In these two pointes,

{ In chasing the beast } that is in { hunting }
{ In taking the byrde } { fowleing }

It is necessary and requisite to vnderstand, that there are two
sortes of Dogges by whose meanes, the feates within specifyed are
wrought, and these practyses of actiuitie cunningly and curiously
compassed,

Two kindes of Dogges

{ One which rouseth the beast and continueth the chase,
{ Another which springeth the byrde and bewrayeth flight
by pursuite,

Utraque Latinis uno & communi nomine dici possunt venatica.

Both which kyndes are tearmed of the Latines by one common name that
is, _Canes Venatici_, hunting dogges.

Sed Anglis cum aliud esse videatur feras sectari, aliud aves capere, ut primum venationem, secundum aucupium nominant, ita canum nomina volunt esse diversa: ut qui feras lacessunt, venatici; qui aves, aucupatorii dicerentur.

But because we Englishe men make a difference betweene hunting and
fowleling, for that they are called by these seuerall wordes,
_Venatio_ & _Aucupium_, so they tearme the Dogges whom they vse in
these sundry games by diuers names, as those which serue for the
beast, are called _Venatici_, the other which are vsed for the fowle
are called _Aucupatorij_,

Venaticos rursum divido in quinque genera. Aut enim odoratu, aut visu fatigant feras, aut pernicitate vincunt, aut odoratu & pernicitate superant, aut dolo capiunt.

The first kind called _Venatici_ I deuide into fiue sortes.

{ The first in perfect smelling
{ The second in quicke spying
{ The thirde in swiftnesse and quicknesse
{ The fourth in smelling & nymblenesse
{ The fifte in subtiltie and deceitfulnesse,

excelleth.

Of the Dogge called a Harier, in Latine _Leuerarius_.

[Sagax.] Qui odoratu fatigat, & prompta alacritate in venando utitur, & incredibili ad investigandum sagacitate narium valet: a qua re nos sagacem hunc appellamus, quem Græci ab investigando #ichneutên#, à nare #rhinêlatên# dicunt. Huic labra propensa sunt, & aures ad os usque pendulæ, corporisque media magnitudo.