Chapter V (3)

That kinde of Dogge whom nature hath indued with the vertue of
smelling, whose property it is to vse a lustines, a readines, and a
couragiousnes in hunting, and draweth into his nostrells the ayre or
sent of the beast pursued and followed, we call by this word
_Sagax_, the _Græcians_ by thys word #ichneutên# of tracing or
chasing by y^e foote, or #rhinêlatên#, of the nostrells, which be
the instrumentes of smelling. Wee may knowe these kinde of Dogges
by their long, large, and bagging lippes, by their hanging eares,
reachyng downe both sydes of their chappes, and by the indifferent
and measurable proportion of their making.

[Leverarius.] Hunc Leverarium vocitabimus, ut universum genus in certas species atque nomina reducamus: cum alioqui usus aut officii nomine, in unitatem speciei adigi nullo modo queant.

This sort of Dogges we call _Leuerarios_ Hariers, that I may
comprise the whole n[um]ber of them in certaine specialties, and
apply to them their proper and peculier names, for so much as they
cannot all be reduced and brought vnder one sorte, considering both
the sundrye uses of them, and the difference of their seruice wherto
they be appointed.

Nam alius leporis, alius vulpis, alius cervi, alius platycerotis, alius taxi, alius lutræ, alius mustelæ, alius cuniculi (quem tamen non venamur nisi casse & viverra) tantum odore gaudet: & in suo quisque genere & desiderio egregius est.

Some for

{ The Hare
{ The Foxe
{ The Wolfe
{ The Harte
{ The Bucke
{ The Badger
{ The Otter
{ The Polcat
{ The Lobster
{ The Weasell
{ The Conny, &c.

Some for one thing and some for another.

As for the Conny, whom we haue lastly set downe, wee use not to
hunt, but rather to take it, somtime with the nette sometime with a
ferret, and thus euery seuerall sort is notable and excellent in his
naturall qualitie and appointed practise.

Sunt ex his qui duos, ut vulpem atque leporem, variatis vicibus sequi student, sed non ea felicitate, qua id quod natura sequi docuit: errant enim sæpius.

Among these sundry sortes, there be some which are apt to hunt two
diuers beasts, as the Foxe otherwhiles, and other whiles the Hare,
but they hunt not with such towardnes and good lucke after them,
as they doe that whereunto nature hath formed and framed them,
not onely in externall composition & making, but also in inward
faculties and conditions, for they swarue oftentimes, and doo
otherwise then they should.

Of the Dogge called a Terrar, in Latine _Terrarius_.

[Terrarius.] Sunt qui vulpem atque taxum solum, quos Terrarios vocamus; quod subeant terræ cuniculos, more viverrarum in venatu cuniculorum, & ita terrent mordentque vulpem atque taxum, ut vel in terra morsu lacerent, vel è specu in fugam aut casses cuniculorum ostiis inductas compellant. Sed hi in sagacium genere minimi sunt.

Another sorte there is which hunteth the Foxe and the Badger or
Greye onely, whom we call Terrars, because they (after the manner
and custome of ferrets in searching for Connyes) creepe into the
grounde, and by that meanes make afrayde, nyppe, and byte the Foxe
and the Badger in such sort, that eyther they teare them in peeces
with theyr teeth beyng in the bosome of the earth, or else hayle and
pull them perforce out of their lurking angles, darke dongeons, and
close caues, or at the least through cõceaued feare, driue them out
of their hollow harbours, in so much that they are compelled to
prepare speedy flight, and being desirous of the next (albeit not
the safest) refuge, are otherwise taken and intrapped with snares
and nettes layde ouer holes to the same purpose. But these be the
least in that kynde called _Sagax_.

Of the Dogge called a Bloudhounde in Latine _Sanguinarius_.

[Sanguinarius.] Qui insequuntur, majores: propenso & hi labro atque aure, nec vivas tantum uti memorati omnes, sed & mortuas quoque conspersi sanguinis odore persequuntur.

The greater sort which serue to hunt, hauing lippes of a large syze,
& eares of no small lenght, doo, not onely chase the beast whiles it
liueth, (as the other doo of whom mencion aboue is made) but beyng
dead also by any maner of casualtie, make recourse to the place
where it lyeth, hauing in this poynt an assured and infallible
guyde, namely, the sent and sauour of the bloud sprinckled heere and
there vpon the ground.

Sive enim vivæ sauciantur feræ, atque è manibus venatorum elabuntur, sive mortuæ ex vivario sublatæ sunt (sed profusione sanguinis utræque) isti canes odore facilè persentiscunt, & subsequuntur. Eam ob causam ex argumento sanguinarii appellantur.

For whether the beast beyng wounded, doth notwithstanding enioye
life, and escapeth the handes of the huntesman, or whether the said
beast beyng slayne is conuayed clenly out of the parcke (so that
there be some signification of bloud shed) these Dogges with no
lesse facilitie and easinesse, then auiditie and greedinesse can
disclose and bewray the same by smelling, applying to their
pursute, agilitie and nimblenesse, without tediousnesse, for which
consideration, of a singuler specialtie they deserued to bee called
_Sanguinarij_ bloudhounds.

Cum tamen fieri solet ut furum astutia nullo consperso sanguine abripiatur fera, etiam sicca hominis vestigia per extentissima spatia nullo errore sequi nôrunt,

And albeit peraduenture it may chaunce, (As whether it chaunceth
sealdome or sometime I am ignorant) that a peece of fleshe be
subtily stolne and cunningly conuayed away with such prouisos and
precaueats as thereby all apparaunce of bloud is eyther preuented,
excluded, or concealed, yet these kinde of dogges by a certaine
direction of an inwarde assured notyce and priuy marcke, pursue the
deede dooers, through long lanes, crooked reaches, and weary wayes,
without wandring awry out of the limites of the land whereon these
desperate purloyners prepared their speedy passage.

in quantalibet multitudine secernere, per abditissima & densissima loca appetere, & si flumina tranent etiam persequi, cumque ad ulteriorem ripam perventum est, circuitu quodam qua fugitum est investigare, si primo statim odore in vestigium furis non inciderint.

Yea, the natures of these Dogges is such, and so effectuall is their
foresight, that they cã bewray, seperate, and pycke them out from
among an infinite multitude and an innumerable company, creepe they
neuer so farre into the thickest thronge, they will finde him out
notwithstandying he lye hidden in wylde woods, in close and
ouergrowen groues, and lurcke in hollow holes apte to harbour such
vngracious guestes. Moreouer, although they should passe ouer the
water, thinking thereby to auoyde the pursute of the houndes, yet
will not these Dogges giue ouer their attempt, but presuming to swym
through the streame, perseuer in their pursute, and when they be
arriued and gotten the further bancke, they hunt vp and downe, to
and fro runne they, from place to place shift they, vntill they haue
attained to that plot of grounde where they passed ouer. And this is
their practise, if perdie they cãnot at y^e first time smelling,
finde out the way which the deede dooers tooke to escape.

Sic enim arte inveniunt, quod fortuna nequeunt, ut rectè videatur ab Æliano scriptum lib. 6. cap. 59. de animalibus, #to enthumêtikon kai dialektikon, kai mentoi kai to haireton#, hoc est, considerationem, ratiocinationem, atque etiam participationem seu arbitrium canibus hisce venaticis inesse; nec ante cessant persequi, quàm sunt fures comprehensi.

So at length get they that by arte, cunning, and diligent indeuour,
which by fortune and lucke they cannot otherwyse ouercome. In so
much as it seemeth worthely and wisely written by Ælianus in his
sixte Booke, and xxxix. Chapter. #To enthumêtikon kai dialektikon#.
to bee as it were naturally instilled and powred into these kinde of
Dogges. For they wyll not pause or breath from their pursute vntill
such tyme as they bee apprehended and taken which committed the
facte.

Eos luce in tenebris habent heri, nocte producunt, quo alacriores in persequendo sint assueti tenebris, quibus prædones delectantur maximè.

The owners of such houndes vse to keepe them in close and darke
channells in the day time, and let them lose at liberty in the night
season, to th'intent that they myght with more courage and boldnesse
practise to follow the fellon in the euening and solitarie houres of
darkenesse, when such yll disposed varlots are principally purposed
to play theyr impudent pageants, & imprudent pranckes.

Iidem, cum fures insequuntur, non ea donantur libertate qua cum feras, nisi in magna celeritate fugientium furum, sed loro retenti herum ducunt qua velit ille celeritate, sive pedes sit, sive eques.

These houndes (vpon whom this present portion of our treatise
runneth) when they are to follow such fellowes as we haue before
rehersed, vse not that liberty to raunge at wil, which they have
otherwise when they are in game, (except upon necessary occasion,
wheron dependeth an urgent and effectuall perswasion) when such
purloyners make speedy way in flight, but beyng restrained and
drawne backe from running at randon with the leasse, the ende
whereof the owner holding in his hand is led, guyded, and directed
with such swiftnesse and slownesse (whether he go on foote, or
whether he ryde on horsebacke) as he himselfe in hart would wishe
for the more easie apprehension of these venturous varlots.

In confiniis Angliæ atque Scotiæ propter frequentia pecorum & jumentorum spolia, multus usus hujus generis canum est, & principio discit pecudem & armentum persequi, postea furem relicto armento.

In the borders of England & Scotland, (the often and accustomed
stealing of cattell so procuring) these kinde of Dogges are very
much vsed and they are taught and trayned up first of all to hunt
cattell as well of the smaller as of the greater grouth, and
afterwardes (that qualitie relinquished and lefte) they are learned
to pursue such pestilent persons as plant theyr pleasure in such
practises of purloyning as we have already declared.

In hoc genere nullus est aquaticus naturaliter, nisi eos ita nominare placeat, qui Lutram insequuntur, qui subinde ripas, subinde aquas frequentant. Non recusant tamen omnes, aviditate prædæ tranantis flumina, etiam aquis se committere. Sed hoc desiderii potius est, quàm naturæ.

Of this kinde there is none that taketh the water naturally, except
it please you so to suppose of them whych follow the Otter, whych
sometimes haunte the lande, and sometime vseth the water. And yet
neuerthelesse all the kind of them boyling and broyling with greedy
desire of the pray which by swymming passeth through ryuer and
flood, plung amyds the water, and passe the streame with their
pawes. But this propertie proceedeth from an earnest desire wherwith
they be inflamed, rather then from any inclination issuyng from the
ordinance and appoyntment of nature.

Quod autem ex his aliquas Brachas nostri, Rachas Scoti sua lingua nominant, in causa sexus est, non genus. Sic enim canes foeminas in venatico genere vocare solent nostri.

And albeit some of this sort in English be called _Brache_, in
Scottishe _Rache_, the cause hereof resteth in the shee sex and not
in the generall kinde. For we English men call bytches, belonging to
the hunting kinde of Dogges, by the tearme aboue mencioned.

Ad postremum, in natura sagacium est, ut alii pervestigando taceant ante excitatam feram, alii statim ad primum odorem voce prodant animal, etsi remotum adhuc, & in cubili; & quo juniores, eo petulantioris oris & mendacioris sunt. Ætas enim & venandi assiduitas experientiam in his facit & certitudinem, ut in aliis omnibus, maximè, cum norint obtemperare domino vel inhibenti vel animanti.

To bee short it is proper to the nature of houndes, some to keepe
silence in hunting untill such tyme as there is game offered.
Othersome so soone as they smell out the place where the beast
lurcketh, to bewray it immediatly by their importunate barcking,
notwithstanding it be farre of many furlongs cowchyng close in his
cabbyn. And these Dogges the younger they be, the more wantonly
barcke they, and the more liberally, yet, oftimes without
necessitie, so that in them, by reason of theyr young yeares and
want of practise, small certaintie is to be reposed. For continuance
of tyme, and experience in game, ministreth to these houndes not
onely cunning in running, but also (as in the rest) an assured
foresight what is to bee done, principally, being acquainted with
their masters watchwordes, eyther in reuoking or imboldening them to
serue the game.

Of the Dogge called the Gasehounde, in Latine _Agaseus_.

[Agasæus.] Quod visu lacessit, nare nihil agit, sed oculo; oculo vulpem leporemque persequitur, oculo seligit medio de grege feram, & eam non nisi bene saginatam & opimam oculo insequitur,

This kinde of Dogge which pursueth by the eye, preuayleth little, or
neuer a whit, by any benefite of the nose that is by smelling, but
excelleth in perspicuitie and sharpenesse of sight altogether, by
the vertue whereof, being singuler and notable, it hunteth the Foxe
and the Hare. Thys Dogge will choose and seperate any beast from
among a great flocke or hearde, and such a one will it take by
election as is not lancke, leane and hollow, but well spred,
smoothe, full, fatte, and round, it followes by the direction of the
eyesight, which in deede is cleere, constant, and not uncertaine,

oculo perditam requirit, oculo, si quando in gregem redeat, secernit, cæteris relictis omnibus, secretamque cursu denuo fatigat ad mortem. Agasæum nostri abs re, quòd intento sit in feram oculo, vocant.

if a beast be wounded and gone astray this Dogge seeketh after it by
the stedfastnes of the eye, if it chaunce peraduenture to returne &
bee mingled with the residue of the flocke, this Dogge spyeth it out
by the vertue of his eye, leauing the rest of the cattell vntouched,
and after he hath set sure sight upõ it he seperateth it from among
the company and hauing so done neuer ceaseth untill he haue wearyed
the Beast to death. Our countrey men call this dogge _Agasæum_. A
gasehounde because the beames of his sight are so stedfastly setled
and vnmoueably fastened.

Usus ejus est, in septentrionalibus Angliæ partibus magis quam meridionalibus; locis planis & campestribus, quàm dumosis & sylvestribus; equitibus magis quàm peditibus, quo ad cursum equos incitent (quibus delectantur magis quàm ipsa præda) assuescantque sepes fossasque inoffensè & intrepidè transilire & aufugere,

These Dogges are much and vsually occupyed in the Northern partes of
England more then in the Southern parts, & in fealdy landes rather
then in bushy and wooddy places, horsemen vse them more then
footemen to th'intent that they might prouoke their horses to a
swift galloppe (wherwith they are more delighted then with the pray
it selfe) and that they myght accustome theyr horse to leape ouer
hedges & ditches, without stoppe or stumble, without harme or
hassard, without doubt or daunger, and so escape with safegard of
lyfe.

quò insessores per necessitates & pericula salutem fuga sibi quærant, aut hostem insequendo cum velint cædant.

And to the ende that the ryders themselues when necessitie so
constrained, and the feare of further mischiefe inforced, myght
saue themselues vndamnifyed, and preuent each perilous tempest by
preparing speedy flight, or else by swift pursute made vpon theyr
enimyes, myght both ouertake them, encounter with them, and make a
slaughter of them accordingly.

At si quando canis aberraverit, dato signo quàm mox accurrit, & feram de integro subsequens, clara voce, cursuque celeri ut ante lacessit.

But if it fortune so at any time that this Dogge take a wrong way,
the master making some vsuall signe and familiar token, he returneth
forthwith, and taketh the right and ready trace, beginning his chase
a fresh, & with a cleare voyce, and a swift foote followeth the game
with as much courage and nimblenesse as he did at the first.

Of the Dogge called the Grehounde, in Latine _Leporarius_.

[Leporarius.] Quod pernicitate vincit, leporarius dicitur, quòd præcipua ejus cura, præcipuusque usus est in persequendo lepore. Quanquam & in capiendo platycerote, cervo, dorcade, vulpe, & hoc genus aliis feris, & viribus & memorata velocitate valent: sed plus minus pro suo quisque desiderio, & corporis firmitudine aut exilitate.

There is another kinde of Dogge which for his incredible swiftnesse
is called _Leporarius_ a Grehounde, because the principall seruice
of them dependeth and consisteth in starting and hunting the hare,
which Dogges likewyse are indued with no lesse strength then
lightnes in maintenance of the game, in seruing the chase, in taking
the Bucke, the Harte, the Dowe, the Foxe, and other beastes of
semblable kinde ordained for the game of hunting. But more or lesse,
each one according to the measure and proportion of theyr desire,
and as might and habilitie of theyr bodyes will permit and suffer.

Est enim strigosum genus: in quo alii majores sunt, alii minores: alii pilo sessili, alii hirto. Majores majoribus, minores minoribus feris destinamus.

For it is a spare and bare kinde of Dogge, (of fleshe but not of
bone) some are of a greater sorte, and some of a lesser, some are
smooth skynned, & some are curled, the bigger therefore are
appoynted to hunt the bigger beasts, & the smaller serue to hunt the
smaller accordingly.

Cujus naturam in venatione, magnam; in hoc, miram deprehendi: quòd (referente Joanne Froisarto historico lib. hist. suæ 4.) leporarius Richardi secundi Anglorum regis, qui ante neminem præter regem agnoverat, venientem Henricum Lancastriæ ducem ad castellum Flinti ut Richardum comprehenderet, relicto Richardo, Henricum solitis in Richardum favoribus exceperit;

The nature of these dogges I finde to be wonderful by y^e
testimoniall of histories. For, as Iohn Froisart the Historyographer
in his 4. _lib._ reporteth. A Grehound of King Richard, the second
y^t wore the Crowne, and bare the Scepter of the Realme of England,
neuer knowing any man, beside the kings person, wh[en] _Henry Duke_
of _Lancaster_ came to the castle of _Flinte_ to take King
_Richarde_. The Dogge forsaking his former Lord & master came to
_Duke Henry_, fawned upon him with such resemblaunces of goodwyll
and conceaued affection, as he fauoured King _Richarde_ before: he
followed the Duke, and vtterly left the King.

quasi adversitates Richardi futuras intellexerat & præsentiscerat. Id quod Richardus probe animadvertit, atque ut præsagium futuri interitus verbis non dissimulavit.

So that by these manifest circumstances a man myght iudge this Dogge
to haue bene lightened wyth the lampe of foreknowledge &
vnderstãding, touchyng his olde masters miseryes to come, and
vnhappinesse nye at hand, which King _Richarde_ himselfe euidently
perceaued, accounting this deede of his Dogge a Prophecy of his
ouerthrowe.

Of the Dogge called the Leuiner, or Lyemmer in Latine _Lorarius_.

[Levinarius seu lorarius.] Quod sagacitate simul & pernicitate potest, & genere, & compositione corporis medium est inter sagacem illum & leporarium, & à levitate appellatur levinarius, à loro (quo ducitur) lorarius. Hic propter velocitatem & gravius feram urget, & citius capit.

Another sort of dogges be there, in smelling singuler, and in
swiftnesse incomparable. This is (as it were) a myddle kinde betwixt
the Harier and the Grehounde, as well for his kinde, as for the
frame of his body. And it is called in latine _Leuinarius_,
_a Leuitate_, of lyghtnesse, and therefore may well be called a
lyghthounde, it is also called by this worde _Lorarius_, _a Loro_,
wherwith it is led. This Dogge for the excellency of his conditions,
namely smelling and swift running, doth followe the game with more
eagernes, and taketh the pray with a iolly quicknes.

Of the Dogge called a Tumbler, in Latine _Vertagus_.

[Vertagus.] Quod dolo agit, vertagum nostri dicunt, quòd se, dum prædatur, vertat, & circumacto corpore, impetu quodam in ipso specus ostio feram opprimit & intercipit.

This sorte of Dogges, which compasseth all by craftes, fraudes,
subtelties and deceiptes, we Englishe men call Tumblers, because in
hunting they turne and tumble, winding their bodyes about in circle
wise, and then fearcely and violently venturing upõ the beast, doth
soddenly gripe it, at the very entrance and mouth of their
receptacles, or closets before they can recouer meanes, to saue and
succour themselues.

Is hoc utitur astu. Cum in vivarium cuniculorum venit, eos non lacessit cursu, non latratu terret, nec ullas inimicitias ostentat, sed velut amicus aliud agens, taciturna solertia prætergreditur, observatis diligenter eorum cuniculis.

This dogge vseth another craft and subteltie, namely, when he
runneth into a warren, or setteth a course about a connyburrough, he
huntes not after them, he frayes them not by barcking, he makes no
countenance or shadow of hatred against them, but dissembling
friendship, and pretending fauour, passeth by with silence and
quietnesse, marking and noting their holes diligently, wherin
(I warrant you) he will not be ouershot nor deceaued.

Eò cum pervenerit, ita se humi componit, ut & adversum ventum semper habeat, & cuniculum lateat. Sic enim ille revertentis aut exeuntis cuniculi odorem facilè sentit, & suus cuniculo omnino tollitur, & prospectu fera fallitur.

When he commeth to the place where Connyes be, of a certaintie, he
cowcheth downe close with his belly to the gro[un]d, Prouided
alwayes by his skill and polisie, that y^e winde bee neuer with him
but against him in such an enterprise. And that the Connyes spie him
not where he lurcketh.

Ad hunc modum compositus canis, & prostratus, aut exeuntem cuniculum & imprudentem in ipso specus ingressu versutè opprimit, aut revertentem excipit, atque ad latentem herum ore perducit.

By which meanes he obtaineth the sent and sauour of the Connyes,
carryed towardes him with the wind & the ayre, either going to their
holes, or cõming out, eyther passing this way, or running that way,
and so prouideth by his circumspection, that the selly simple Conny
is debarred quite from his hole (which is the hauen of their hope
and the harbour of their health) and fraudulently circumuented and
taken, before they can get the aduantage of their hole. Thus hauing
caught his pray he carryeth it speedily to his Master, wayting his
Dogges returne in some conuenient lurcking corner.

Minor hic est sagaci illo, strigosior, & erectiore aure. Corporis figura leporarium spurium diceres, si major esset. Et quamvis eo minor multò sit, uno tamen die tot potest capere, quot justum equi onus esse possunt. Dolus enim illi pro virtute est, & corporis agilitas.

These Dogges are somewhat lesser than the houndes, and they be
lancker & leaner, beside that they be somwhat prick eared. A man
that shall marke the forme and fashion of their bodyes, may well
call them mungrell Grehoundes if they were somwhat bigger. But
notwithstanding they counteruaile not the Grehound in greatnes, yet
will he take in one dayes space as many Connyes as shall arise to as
bigge a burthen, and as heauy a loade as a horse can carry, for
deceipt and guile is the instrument wherby he maketh this spoyle,
which pernicious properties supply the places of more commendable
qualities.

Of the Dogge called the theeuishe Dogge in Latine _Canis furax_.

[Canis furax.] Huic similis canis furax est, qui jubente hero noctu progreditur, & sine latratu odore adverse persequens cuniculos, cursu prehendit quot herus permiserit, & ad heri stationem reportat. Vocant incolæ canem nocturnum, quòd venetur noctu. Sed hæc de iis qui feras insequuntur.

The like to that whom we have rehearsed, is the theeuishe Dogge,
which at the mandate and bydding of his master steereth and leereth
abroade in the night, hunting Connyes by the ayre, which is leuened
with their sauour and conueyed to the sense of smelling by the
meanes of the winde blowing towardes him. During all which space of
his hunting he will not barcke, least he shoulde bee preiudiciall to
his owne aduantage. And thus watcheth and snatcheth up in course as
many Connyes as his Master will suffer him, and beareth them to his
Masters standing. The farmers of the countrey and uplandishe
dwellers, call this kinde of Dogge a nyght curre, because he hunteth
in the darke. But let thus much seeme sufficient for Dogges which
serue the game and disport of hunting.

¶ A Diall pertaining to the
_first Section._

Dogges seruing y^e pastime of hunting beastes.
are diuided into

{ Hariers
{ Terrars
{ Bloudhounds
{ Gasehounds
{ Grehounds
{ Leuiners or
{ Lyemmers
{ Tumblers
{ Stealers

In Latine called _Venatici_.

The seconde Section of
_this discourse_.

Of gentle Dogges seruing the hauke, and first
of the Spaniell, called in Latine
_Hispaniolus_.

[Ex generosis aucupatoriis.] Qui aves, proximum locum habent. Eos Aucupatorios dici ante proposuimus.

Svch Dogges as serue for fowling, I thinke conuenient and requisite
to place in this seconde Section of this treatise. These are also to
bee reckoned and accounted in the number of the dogges which come of
a gentle kind, and of those which serue for fowling.

Hi ex generosorum numero etiam sunt, & duûm generum. Alii enim per sicca tantum venantur: Alii per aquas tantum aves persequuntur.

There be two sortes

{ The first findeth game on the land.
{ The other findeth game on the water.

Qui per sicca tantum, aut libero vestigio & latratu avem investigant & excitant, aut tacito indicio eandem commonstrant.

Such as delight on the land, play their partes, eyther by swiftnesse
of foote, or by often questing, to search out and to spring the
byrde for further hope of aduauntage, or else by some secrete signe
and priuy token bewray the place where they fall.

Primum genus Accipitri servit; secundum reti.

The first kinde of such serue { The Hauke,
The seconde, { The net, or, traine,

[Hispaniolus.] Peculiaria nomina primum genus non habet, nisi ab ave ad quam venandam natura est propensius. Qua de causa falconarii hos phasianarios, hos perdiciarios, vocare solent.

The first kinde haue no peculier names assigned vnto them, saue
onely that they be denominated after the byrde which by naturall
appointment he is alotted to take, for the which consideration.

Some be called Dogges,

{ For the Falcon
{ The Phesant
{ The Partridge

and such like,

Vulgus tamen nostrum communi nomine Hispaniolos nominat, quasi ex Hispania productum istud genus primo esset. Omnes maxima ex parte candidi sunt: & si quas maculas habeant, rubræ sunt, raræ, & majores. Sunt & ruffi atque nigri, sed perpauci.

The common sort of people call them by one generall word, namely
Spaniells. As though these kinde of Dogges came originally and first
of all out of Spaine, The most part of their skynnes are white, and
if they be marcked with any spottes, they are commonly red, and
somewhat great therewithall, the heares not growing in such
thicknesse but that the mixture of them maye easely bee perceaued.
Othersome of them be reddishe and blackishe, but of that sorte there
be but a very few.

Est & hodie novum genus ex Gallia advectum (ut novitatis omnes sumus studiosi) sed ex toto in albo obfuscatum maculosè, quem Gallicanum vocitamus.

There is also at this day among vs a newe kinde of dogge brought out
of Fraunce (for we Englishe men are maruailous greedy gaping
gluttons after nouelties, and couetous coruorauntes of things that
be seldom, rare, straunge, and hard to get.) And they bee speckled
all ouer with white and black, which mingled colours incline to a
marble blewe, which bewtifyeth their skinnes and affordeth a seemely
show of comlynesse. These are called French dogges as is aboue
declared already.

The Dogge called the Setter, in Latine _Index_.

[Index.] Secundum genus est, quod tacito pede atque ore avem quærit, & nutum juvantis heri sequitur, vel promovendo se, vel reducendo, vel in alterutram partem dextram aut sinistram declinando. Cum avem dico, Perdicem & Coturnicem intelligo.

Another sort of Dogges be there, seruiceable for fowling, making no
noise either with foote or with tounge, whiles they followe the
game. These attend diligently vpon theyr Master and frame their
conditions to such beckes, motions, and gestures, as it shall please
him to exhibite and make, either going forward, drawing backeward,
inclining to the right hand, or yealding toward the left, (In making
mencion of fowles, my meaning is of the Partridge & the Quaile)

Cum invenerit, cauto silentio, suspenso vestigio, & occulto speculatu, humiliando se prorepit, & cum propè est, procumbit, & pedis indicio locum stationis avium prodit: unde canem indicem vocare placuit. Loco commonstrato, auceps exporrectum rete avi inducit.

when he hath founde the byrde, he keepeth sure and fast silence, he
stayeth his steppes and wil proceede no further, and with a close,
couert, watching eye, layeth his belly to the grounde and so
creepeth forward like a worme. When he approcheth neere to the place
where the birde is, he layes him downe, and with a marcke of his
pawes betrayeth the place of the byrdes last abode, whereby it is
supposed that this kinde of dogge is called _Index_, Setter, being
in deede a name most consonant and agreable to his quality.

Quo facto, canis ad consuetum heri indicium seu vocabulum quam mox assurgit, & propinquiori præsentia aves perturbat, atque ut inexplicabilius irretiantur, facit.

The place being knowne by the meanes of the dogge, the fowler
immediatly openeth and spreedeth his net, intending to take them,
which being done the dogge at the accustomed becke or vsuall signe
of his Master ryseth vp by and by, and draweth neerer to the fowle
that by his presence they might be the authors of their owne
insnaring, and be ready intangled in the prepared net,

[Lepus tympanum pulsat.] Quod artificium in cane, animali domestico, mirum videri non debet, cum & lepus agreste animal, & saltare, & tympanum anterioribus pedibus numero pulsare tympanistarum more, & canem dente atque ungue petere, pedibusque crudeliter cædere, in Anglia visus est omnium admiratione, anno salutis nostræ 1564.

which conning and artificiall indeuour in a dogge (being a creature
domesticall or householde seruaunt brought vp at home with offalls
of the trencher & fragments of victualls,) is not much to be
maruailed at, seing that a Hare (being a wilde and skippishe beast)
was seene in England to the astonishment of the beholders, in the
yeare of our Lorde God, 1564, not onely dauncing in measure, but
playing with his former feete vppon a tabberet, and obseruing iust
number of strokes (as a practicioner in that arte) besides that
nipping & pinching a dogge with his teeth and clawes, & cruelly
thumping him with y^e force of his feete.

Nec est vanum istud, eoque relatum lubentius, quòd operæ pretium putarem, nihil prætereundum esse, in quo naturæ spectanda sit providentia.

This is no trumpery tale, nor trifling toye (as I imagine) and
therefore not vnworthy to bee reported, for I recken it a requitall
of my trauaile, not to drowne in the seas of silence any speciall
thing, wherin the prouidence and effectuall working of nature is to
be pondered.

Of the Dogge called the water Spaniell, or finder, in Latine
_Aquaticus seu Inquisitor_.

[Aquaticus seu inquisitor.] Qui per aquas aucupatur propensione naturali accedente mediocri documento, major his est, & promisso naturaliter hirtus pilo. Ego tamen ab armis ad posteriores suffragines, caudamque extremam, ad te (Gesnere) detonsum pinxi, ut usus noster postulat, quo pilis nudus expeditior sit, & minus per natationes retardetur.

That kinde of Dogge whose seruice is required in fowling vpon the
water, partly through a naturall towardnesse, and partly by diligent
teaching, is indued with that property. This sort is somewhat bigge,
and of a measurable greatnesse, hauing long, rough, and curled
heare, not obtayned by extraordinary trades, but giuen by natures
appointment, yet neuerthelesse (friend _Gesner_) I have described
and set him out in this maner, namely powlde and netted from the
shoulders to the hindermost legges, and to the end of his tayle,
which I did for vse and customs cause, that beyng as it were made
somewhat bare and naked, by shearing of such superfluitie of heare,
they might atchiue the more lightnesse, and swiftnesse, and be lesse
hindered in swymming, so troublesome and needelesse a burthen being
shaken of.

Aquaticus à nostris appellatur, ab aquis quas frequentat sumpta appellatione. Eo aut aves in aquis aucupamur (& præcipue anates; unde etiam anatarius dicitur, quod id excellenter facit) aut Scorpione occisas educimus, aut spicula sagittasve fallente ictu recuperamus, aut amissa requirimus: quo nomine & canes inquisitores eosdem appellamus.

This kinde of dogge is properly called, _Aquaticus_, a water spaniel
because he frequenteth and hath vsual recourse to the water where
all his game & exercise lyeth, namely, waterfowles, which are taken
by the helpe & seruice of them, in their kind. And principally
duckes and drakes, wherupon he is lykewise named a dogge for the
ducke, because in that quallitie he is excellent. With these dogges
also we fetche out of the water such fowle as be stounge to death by
any venemous worme, we vse them also to bring vs our boultes &
arrowes out of the water, (missing our marcke) whereat we directed
our leuell, which otherwise we should hardly recouer, and oftentimes
they restore to vs our shaftes which we thought neuer to see, touche
or handle againe, after they were lost, for which circumstaunces
they are called _Inquisitores_, searchers, and finders.

[Anatum fallaciæ.] Quanquam Anas & canem & aucupem quoque egregiè subinde fallat, tum urinando, tum etiam dolo naturali. Etenim si quis hominum, ubi incubant aut excludunt, propinquabit, egressæ matres venientibus se sponte offerunt, & simulata debilitate vel pedum vel alarum, quasi statim capi possint, egressus fingunt tardiores.

Although the ducke otherwhiles notably deceaueth both the dogge and
the master, by dyuing vnder the water, and also by naturall
subtilty, for if any man shall approche to the place where they
builde, breede, and syt, the hennes go out of their neastes,
offering themselues voluntarily to the hãds, as it were, of such as
draw nie their neasts. And a certaine weaknesse of their winges
pretended, and infirmitie of their feete dissembled, they go so
slowely and so leasurely, that to a mans thinking it were no
masteryes to take them.

Hoc mendacio sollicitant obvios, & eludunt, quoad profecti longius, à nidis avocentur; caventque diligenter revertendo, ne indicium loci conversatio frequens faciat.

By which deceiptfull tricke they doe as it were entyse and allure
men to follow them, till they be drawne a long distaunce from theyr
neastes, which being compassed by their prouident conning, or
conning prouidence, they cut of all inconueniences which might growe
of their returne, by using many carefull and curious caueates, least
theyr often haunting bewray y^e place where the young ducklings be
hatched. Great therfore is theyr desire, & earnest is theyr study to
take heede, not only to theyr broode but also to themselues.

[Anaticularum providentia.] Nec anaticularum studium segnius ad cavendum. Cum enim visas se persentiscunt, sub cespitem confugiunt aut carectum, quorum obtectu tam callidè proteguntur, ut lateant etiam deprehensæ, nisi fraudem canis odore detegat.

For when they haue an ynckling that they are espied they hide
themselues vnder turfes or sedges, wherwith they couer and shrowde
themselues so closely and so craftely, that (notwithstanding the
place where they lurcke be found and perfectly perceaued) there they
will harbour without harme, except the water spaniell by quicke
smelling discouer theyr deceiptes.

Of the Dogge called the Fisher, in Latine _Canis Piscator_.

[Canis piscator.] Canem piscatorem (de quo scribit Hector Boethus) qui inter saxa pisces odore perquirit, nullum planè novi inter nostros, neque ex relatione aliquando audivi, etsi in ea re perscrutanda perdiscendaque diligentior fuerim inter piscatores & venatores:

The Dogge called the fisher, wherof _Hector Boethus_ writeth, which
seeketh for fishe by smelling among rockes & stones, assuredly I
knowe none of that kinde in Englande, neither haue I receaued by
reporte that there is any suche, albeit I haue bene diligent & busie
in demaunding the question as well of fishermen, as also of
huntesmen in that behalfe being carefull and earnest to learne and
vnderstand of them if any such were,

[Lutra.] nisi Lutram piscem dicas, ut à multis creditur:

except you holde opinion that the beauer or Otter is a fishe (as
many haue beleeued) & according to their beliefe affirmed,

[Pupinus.] quo modo & Pupinus avis piscis esse dicitur & habetur. Sed qui perquirit piscem (si quis perquirat) venationisne causa, an famis faciat, more cæterorum canum, qui per inediam cadaverum morticinam carnem appetere solent, tum demum ad te scribam, cum de ea re certior fiam.

and as the birde _Pupine_, is thought to be a fishe and so
accounted. But that kinde of dogge which followeth the fishe to
apprehend and take it (if there bee any of that disposition and
property) whether they do this for the game of hunting, or for the
heate of hunger, as other Dogges do which rather then they wil be
famished for want of foode, couet the carckases of carrion and
putrifyed fleshe. When I am fully resolued and disburthened of this
doubt I wil send you certificate in writing.

Interim id scio, Ælianum & Aetium Lutram #kuna potamion# solere appellare. Intelligo etiam Lutram hoc habere cum cane commune, quòd per inopiam piscium excursiones in terram faciat, atque agnos laniet, rursusque ad aquam satur redeat. Sed inter nostros canes is non est.

In the meane season I am not ignorant of that both Ælianus, and
Ælius, call the Beauer #kuna potamion# a water dogge, or a dogge
fishe, I know likewise thus much more, that the Beauer doth
participate this propertie with the dogge, namely, that when fishes
be scarse they leaue the water and raunge vp and downe the lande,
making an insatiable slaughter of young lambes vntil theyr paunches
be replenished, and wh[en] they haue fed themselues full of fleshe,
then returne they to the water, from whence they came. But albeit so
much be graunted that this Beauer is a dogge, yet it is to be noted
that we recken it not in the beadrowe of Englishe dogges as we haue
done the rest.

[Phoca.] Phoca etiam inter scopulos atque saxa prædatur piscem, sed in numero canum nostratium habitus non est, etsi canis marinus à nostris appelletur.

The sea Calfe, in like maner, which our country m[en] for breuitie
sake call a Seele, other more largely name a _Sea Vele_, maketh a
spoyle of fishes betweene rockes and banckes, but it is not
accounted in the catalogue or n[um]ber of our Englishe dogges,
notwithstanding we call it by the name of a Sea dogge or a sea
Calfe. And thus much for our dogges of the second sort called in
Latine _Aucupatorij_, seruing to take fowle either by land or water.

¶ A Diall pertaining to the
_second Section_.

Dogges seruing the disport of fowling.
are diuided into

{ Land spaniels
{ Setters
{ Water spaniels or finders.

called in latine _Canes Aucupatorij_

The fisher is not of their number, but seuerall.

The thirde Section of this
_abridgement_.

Nowe followeth in due order and conuenient place our Englishe Dogges
of the thirde gentle kinde, what they are called to what vse they
serue, and what sort of people plant their pleasure in th[em], which
because they neede no curious canuassing and nye syfting, wee meane
to bee so much the briefer.

[Ex generosis delicatis, Melitæus seu fotor.] Est & aliud genus canum generosorum apud nos, sed extra horum ordinem, quos Melitæos Callimachus vocat, à Melita insula in freto Siculo (quæ hodie usu derivante Malta vulgo dicitur, & christiano milite nobilis existit) unde ortum id genus habuit maximè: atque à Melita Siculi Pachyni, ut author Strabo est.

Of the delicate, neate, and pretty kind of dogges
called the Spaniel gentle, or the comforter,
in Latine _Melitæus
or Fotor_.

There is, besides those which wee haue already deliuered, another
sort of gentle dogges in this our Englishe soyle but exempted from
the order of the residue, the Dogges of this kinde doth
_Callimachus_ call _Melitæos_, of the Iseland _Melita_, in the sea
of _Sicily_, (what at this day is named _Malta_, an Iseland in
deede, famous and renoumed, with couragious and puisaunt souldiours
valliauntly fighting vnder the banner of Christ their vnconquerable
captaine) where this kind of dogges had their principall beginning.

Perexiguum id est planè, & foeminarum lusibus ac deliciis tantum expetitum, quibus, quo minus est, eo gratius est, ut sinu gestent in cubiculis, & manu in pilentis,

These dogges are litle, pretty, proper, and fyne, and sought for to
satisfie the delicatenesse of daintie dames, and wanton womens
wills, instrumentes of folly for them to play and dally withall, to
tryfle away the treasure of time, to withdraw their mindes from more
commendable exercises, and to content their corrupted concupiscences
with vaine disport (A selly shift to shunne yrcksome ydlnesse.)
These puppies the smaller they be, the more pleasure they prouoke,
as more meete play fellowes for minsing mistrisses to beare in their
bosoms, to keepe company withal in their chambers, to succour with
sleepe in bed, and nourishe with meate at bourde, to lay in their
lappes, and licke their lippes as they ryde in their waggons, and
good reason it should be so, for coursnesse with fynenesse hath no
fellowship, but featnesse with neatenesse hath neighbourhood enough.
That plausible prouerbe verified vpon a Tyraunt, namely that he
loued his sowe better then his sonne, may well be applyed to these
kinde of people who delight more in dogges that are depriued of all
possibility of reason, then they doe in children that be capeable of
wisedome and iudgement. But this abuse peraduenture raigneth where
there hath bene long lacke of issue, or else where barrennes is the
best blossome of bewty.

The vertue which remaineth in the Spainell gentle otherwise called
the comforter.

genus sanè ad omnia inutile, nisi quòd stomachi dolorem sedat, applicatum sæpius, aut in sinu ægri gestatum frequentius, caloris moderatione.

Notwithstanding many make much of those pretty puppies called
Spaniels gentle, yet if the question were demaunded what propertie
in them they spye, which shoulde make them so acceptable and
precious in their sight, I doubt their aunswere would be long a
coyning. But seeing it was our intent to trauaile in this treatise,
so that y^e reader might reape some benefite by his reading, we will
communicate vnto you such coniectures as are grounded upon reason.
And though some suppose that such dogges are fyt for no seruice, I
dare say, by their leaues, they be in a wrong boxe. Among all other
qualities therfore of nature, which be knowne (for some conditions
are couered with continuall and thicke clouds, that the eye of our
capacities can not pearse through th[em]) we find that these litle
dogs are good to asswage the sicknesse of the stomacke being
oftentimes thervnto applyed as a plaster preseruatiue, or borne in
the bosom of the diseased and weake person, which effect is
performed by theyr moderate heate.

Quin & transire quoque morbos ægritudine eorum intelligitur, plerumque & morte: quasi malo in eos transeunte caloris similitudine.

Moreouer the disease and sicknesse chaungeth his place and entreth
(though it be not precisely marcked) into the dogge, which to be no
vntruth, experience can testify, for these kinde of dogges sometimes
fall sicke, and sometime die, without any harme outwardly inforced,
which is an argument that the disease of the gentleman, or gentle
woman or owner whatsoeuer, entreth into the dogge by the operation
of heate intermingled and infected.

Generosorum canum genus jam explicui: Nunc rusticum adjicio.

And thus haue I hetherto handled dogges of a gentle kinde whom I
haue comprehended in a triple diuisiõ. Now it remaineth that I annex
in due order such dogges as be of a more homely kinde.

A Diall pertaining to the
_thirde Section_.

In the third section is cõtained one kind of dog
which is called the

Spaniell gentle or the cõforter,

It is also called

{ A chamber cõpanion,
{ A pleasaunt playfellow,
{ A pretty worme,

generally called _Canis delicatus_.

The fourth Section of this
_discourse_.

Dogges of a course kind seruing for many necessary
vses called in Latine _Canes rustici_, and first of
the shepherds dogge called in Latine
_Canis Pastoralis_.

[Ex rusticis.] In eo memorabilia duo tantum genera sunt: pecuarium seu pastorale, & villaticum seu Molossum:

Dogges of the courser sort are

{ The shepherds dogge
{ The mastiue or Bandogge.

These two are the principall.

alterum ad propellendas injurias ferarum, alterum adversus insidias hominum utile.

The first kinde, namely the shepherds hounde is very necessarye and
profitable for the auoyding of harmes and inconueniences which may
come to men by the meanes of beastes. The second sort serue to
succour against the snares and attemptes of mischiefous men.

[Pastoralis.] Pastorale nostrum mediocre est, quòd illi cum Lupo, naturali pecori inimico, res non est, cum apud nos nullus est, beneficio optimi principis Edgari, qui, quò genus universum deleretur, Cambris (apud quos in magna copia erant) vectigalis nomine in annos imperavit trecentos lupos.

Our shepherdes dogge is not huge, vaste, and bigge, but of an
indifferent stature and growth, because it hath not to deale with
the bloudthyrsty wolf, sythence there be none in England, which
happy and fortunate benefite is to be ascribed to the puisaunt
Prince _Edgar_, who to thintent y^t the whole countrey myght be
euacuated and quite cleered from wolfes, charged & commaunded the
welshem[en] (who were pestered with these butcherly beastes aboue
measure) to paye him yearely tribute which was (note the wisedome of
the King) three hundred Wolfes.

[Lupi nulli in Britannia.] Sunt qui scribunt Ludwallum Cambriæ principem pendisse annuatim Edgaro regi 3000 luporum tributi nomine, atque ita annis quatuor omnem Cambriam atque adeo omnem Angliam orbasse lupis.

Some there be which write that _Ludwall_ Prince of Wales paide
yeerely to King _Edgar_ three hundred wolfes in the name of an
exaction (as we haue sayd before.) And that by the meanes hereof,
within the compasse and tearme of foure yeares, none of those
noysome, and pestilent Beastes were left in the coastes of England
and Wales.

[Edgarus.] Regnavit autem Edgarus circiter annum Domini 959. A quo tempore non legimus nativum in Anglia visum lupum: advectum tamen quæstus faciundi causa ex alienis regionibus, ut spectetur tantum, tanquam animal rarum & incognitum, sæpius vidimus.

This _Edgar_ wore the Crowne royall, and bare the Scepter imperiall
of this kingdome, about the yeere of our Lorde, nyne hundred fifty,
nyne. Synce which time we reede that no Wolfe hath bene seene in
England, bred within the bounds and borders of this countrey, mary
there have bene diuers brought ouer from beyonde the seas, for
greedynesse of gaine and to make money, for gasing and gaping,
staring, and standing to see them, being a straunge beast, rare,
and seldom seene in England.

Sed ad canem pastoralem. Is ad certam heri jubentis vocem, aut ex pugno concluso & inflato clariorem sibilum, errantes oves in eum locum redigit, in quem pastor maximè desiderat; sic ut levi negotio, & immoto ferè pede, pastor quo velit modo ovibus moderetur, vel ut se promoveant, vel gradum sistant, pedem referant, vel in hanc illamve partem se inclinent.

But to returne to our shepherds dogge. This dogge either at the
hearing of his masters voyce, or at the wagging and whisteling in
his fist, or at his shrill and horse hissing bringeth the wandring
weathers and straying sheepe, into the selfe same place where his
masters will and wishe is to haue th[em], wherby the shepherd
reapeth this benefite, namely, that with litle labour and no toyle
or mouing of his feete he may rule and guide his flocke, according
to his owne desire, either to haue them go forward, or to stand
still, or to drawe backward, or to turne this way, or to take that
way.

Etenim non ut in Gallia & Germania, non ut in Syria & Tartaria, sic in Anglia quoque oves pastorem sequuntur, sed contra, pastor oves. Quandoque etiam nullo procurrente aut circumeunte cane, ad solum ex pugno sibilum sese congregant palantes oves, metu canis credo, memores unà cum sibilo prodire quoque & canem solere.

For it is not in Englande, as it is in _Fraunce_, as it is in
_Flaunders_, as it is in _Syria_, as it in _Tartaria_, where the
sheepe follow the shepherd, for heere in our country the sheepherd
followeth the sheepe. And somtimes the straying sheepe, when no
dogge runneth before them, nor goeth about & beside them, gather
themselues together in a flocke, when they heere the sheepherd
whistle in his fist, for feare of the Dogge (as I imagine)
remembring this (if vnreasonable creatures may be reported to haue
memory) that the Dogge commonly runneth out at his masters warrant
which is his whistle.

Id quod in itinere diligenter sæpius observavimus, ad pastoris sibilum refrænantes equos, quo videremus rei experimentum. Eodem etiam cane ovem vel mactandum prehendit, vel sanandum pastor capit, nulla prorsus læsione.

This haue we oftentimes diligently marcked in taking our journey
from towne to towne, when wee haue hard a sheepherd whistle we haue
rayned in our horse and stoode styll a space, to see the proofe and
triall of this matter. Furthermore with this dogge doth the
sheepherd take sheepe for y^e slaughter, and to be healed if they be
sicke, no hurt or harme in the world done to the simple creature.

Of the mastiue or Bandogge called in Latine _Villaticus_ or
_Cathenarius_.

[Villaticus seu Catenarius.] Villaticum vastum genus est & robustum, corpore quidem grave & parum velox, sed aspectu truculentum, voce terrificum, & quovis Arcadico (qui tamen ex leonibus creditur provenire) potentius atque acrius.

This kinde of Dogge called a mastyue or Bandogge is vaste, huge,
stubborne, ougly, and eager, of a heuy and burthenous body, and
therfore but of litle swiftnesse, terrible, and frightfull to
beholde, and more fearce and fell then any _Arcadian_ curre
(notwithstãding they are sayd to ha{n}e their generation of the
violent Lyon.)

Quòd villis fideliter custodiendis destinamus, cum metus est à furibus, villaticum appellamus. His quoque utile id est contra vulpem atque taxum, qui rem pecuariam faciunt.

They are called _Villatici_, because they are appoynted to watche
and keepe farme places and co[un]try cotages sequestred from commõ
recourse, and not abutting vpon other houses by reason of distaunce,
when there is any feare conceaued of theefes, robbers, spoylers,
and night wanderers. They are seruiceable against the Foxe and the
Badger,

Valet etiam ad sues agrestes persequendos, domesticos è frugibus aut arvis abigendos, taurosque capiendos atque retinendos, cum usus aut venatio postulat, singuli singulos, aut summum duo singulos, quamvis intractabiles.

to drive wilde and tame swyne out of Medowes, pastures, glebelandes
and places planted with fruite, to bayte and take the bull by the
eare, when occasion so requireth. One dogge or two at the vttermost,
sufficient for that purpose be the bull neuer so monsterous, neuer
so fearce, neuer so furious, neuer so stearne, neuer so vntameable.

Est enim acerrimum genus & violentum, formidabile etiam homini, quem non reformidat. Neque enim ad arma expavescit; quóque acrius fiat, assuescunt nostri naturam arte & consuetudine juvare.

For it is a kinde of dogge capeable of courage, violent and
valiaunt, striking could feare into the harts of men, but standing
in feare of no man, in so much that no weapons will make him
shrincke, nor abridge his boldnes. Our Englishe men (to th' intent
that theyr dogges might be the more fell and fearce) assist nature
with arte, vse, and custome,

Etenim ursos, tauros, arctylos, aliaque fera animalia, præfectis certaminum arctophylacibus, nullo millo, nullo corio defenses exagitare: sæpe etiam cum homine sude, clava, enseve armato concertare decent, atque ita ferociores acrioresque reddunt, & imperterritos faciunt.

for they teach theyr dogges to baite the Beare, to baite the Bull
and other such like cruell and bloudy beastes (appointing an
ouerseer of the game) without any collar to defend theyr throtes,
and oftentimes they traine them vp in fighting and wrestling with
a man hauing for the safegarde of his lyfe, eyther a Pikestaffe,
a clubbe, or a sworde and by vsing them to such exercises as these,
theyr dogges become more sturdy and strong.

Vis illis supra fidem, & pertinax mordacitas, usque adeo ut tres ursum, quatuor vel leonem comprehendant.

The force which is in them surmounteth all beleefe, the fast holde
which they take with their teeth exceedeth all credit, three of them
against a Beare, fowre against a Lyon are sufficient, both to try
masteryes with them and vtterly to ouermatch them.

[Henricus septimus.] Quod videns aliquando (ut fama est) HENRICUS septimus, Angliæ rex prudentissimus, quotquot erant suspendi jussit, indignatus ut infimi & ignobilis generis canes, generoso leoni, & animalium regi violentiam inferant: memorabili exemplo subditorum, ne quid contra regem gens rebellis audeat.

Which thing _Henry_ the seuenth of that name, King of England (a
Prince both politique & warlike) perceauing on a certaine time (as
the report runneth) commaunded all such dogges (how many soeuer they
were in number) should be hanged, beyng deepely displeased, and
conceauing great disdaine, that an yll fauoured rascall curre should
with such violent villany, assault the valiaunt Lyon king of all
beastes. An example for all subiectes worthy remembraunce, to
admonishe them that it is no aduantage to them to rebell against y^e
regiment of their ruler, but to keepe them within the limits of
Loyaltie.

Haud absimilis etiam historia de eo fertur, quod falconem quendam suum, à falconariis vehementer laudatum, quòd in aquilam quid auderet, quam mox occidi jussit, ob eandem rationem. Hoc genus canis, etiam catenarium, à catena ligamento, qua ad januas interdiu detinetur, ne solutum lædat, & tamen latratu terreat, appellatur.