Chapter XLIV: Appendix: C (1)

WEIGHTS AND MEASURES.

As stated in the preface, the nomenclature to be adopted for weights and measures has presented great difficulty. Agricola uses, throughout, the Roman and the Romanized Greek scales, but in many cases he uses these terms merely as lingual equivalents for the German quantities of his day. Moreover the classic language sometimes failed him, whereupon he coined new Latin terms adapted from the Roman scale, and thus added further confusion. We can, perhaps, make the matter clearer by an illustration of a case in weights. The Roman _centumpondium_, composed of 100 _librae_, the old German _centner_ of 100 _pfundt_, and the English hundredweight of 112 pounds can be called lingual equivalents. The first weighs about 494,600 Troy grains, the second 721,900, and the third 784,000. While the divisions of the _centumpondium_ and the _centner_ are the same, the _libra_ is divided into 12 _unciae_ and the _pfundt_ into 16 _untzen_, and in most places a summation of the units given proves that the author had in mind the Roman ratios. However, on p. 509 he makes the direct statement that the _centumpondium_ weighs 146 _librae_, which would be about the correct weight if the _centumpondium_ referred to was a _centner_. If we take an example such as "each _centumpondium_ of lead contains one _uncia_ of silver", and reduce it according to purely lingual equivalents, we should find that it runs 24.3 Troy ounces per short ton, on the basis of Roman values, and 18.25 ounces per short ton, on the basis of old German. If we were to translate these into English lingual equivalents of one ounce per hundredweight, then the value would be 17.9 ounces per short ton.

Several possibilities were open in translation: first, to calculate the values accurately in the English units; second, to adopt the nearest English lingual equivalent; third, to introduce the German scale of the period; or, fourth, to leave the original Latin in the text. The first would lead to an indefinite number of decimals and to constant doubt as to whether the values, upon which calculations were to be based, were Roman or German. The second, that is the substitution of lingual equivalents, is objectionable, not only because it would indicate values not meant by the author, but also because we should have, like Agricola, to coin new terms to accommodate the lapses in the scales, or again to use decimals. In the third case, that is in the use of the old German scale, while it would be easier to adapt than the English, it would be more unfamiliar to most readers than the Latin, and not so expressive in print, and further, in some cases would present the same difficulties of calculation as in using the English scale. Nor does the contemporary German translation of _De Re Metallica_ prove of help, for its translator adopted only lingual equivalents, and in consequence the summation of his weights often gives incorrect results. From all these possibilities we have chosen the fourth, that is simply to reproduce the Latin terms for both weights and measures. We have introduced into the footnotes such reductions to the English scale as we considered would interest readers. We have, however, digressed from the rule in two cases, in the adoption of "foot" for the Latin _pes_, and "fathom" for _passus_. Apart from the fact that these were not cases where accuracy is involved, Agricola himself explains (p. 77) that he means the German values for these particular terms, which, fortunately, fairly closely approximate to the English. Further, we have adopted the Anglicized words "digit", "palm", and "cubit", instead of their Latin forms.

For purposes of reference, we reproduce the principal Roman and old German scales, in so far as they are used by Agricola in this work, with their values in English. All students of weights and measures will realize that these values are but approximate, and that this is not an occasion to enter upon a discussion of the variations in different periods or by different authorities. Agricola himself is the author of one of the standard works on Ancient Weights and Measures (see Appendix A), and further gives fairly complete information on contemporary scales of weight and fineness for precious metals in Book VII. p. 262 etc., to which we refer readers.

ROMAN SCALES OF WEIGHTS.

Troy Grains.
1 _Siliqua_ = 2.87
6 _Siliquae_ = 1 _Scripulum_ 17.2
4 _Scripula_ = 1 _Sextula_ 68.7
6 _Sextulae_ = 1 _Uncia_ 412.2
12 _Unciae_ = 1 _Libra_ 4946.4
100 _Librae_ = 1 _Centumpondium_ 494640.0

Also

1 _Scripulum_ = 17.2
3 _Scripula_ = 1 _Drachma_ 51.5
2 _Drachmae_ = 1 _Sicilicus_ 103.0
4 _Sicilici_ = 1 _Uncia_ 412.2
8 _Unciae_ = 1 _Bes_ 3297.6

SCALE OF FINENESS
(AGRICOLA'S ADAPTATION).

4 _Siliquae_ = 1 Unit of _Siliquae_
3 _Units of Siliquae_ = 1 _Semi-sextula_
4 _Semi-sextulae_ = 1 _Duella_
24 _Duellae_ = 1 _Bes_

OLD GERMAN SCALE OF WEIGHTS.
Troy Grains.
1 _Pfennig_ = 14.1
4 _Pfennige_ = 1 _Quintlein_ 56.4
4 _Quintlein_ = 1 _Loth_ 225.6
2 _Loth_ = 1 _Untzen_ 451.2
8 _Untzen_ = 1 _Mark_ 3609.6
2 _Mark_ = 1 _Pfundt_ 7219.2
100 _Pfundt_ = 1 _Centner_ 721920.0

SCALE OF FINENESS.

3 _Grenlin_ = 1 _Gran_
4 _Gran_ = 1 _Krat_
24 _Krat_ = 1 _Mark_

ROMAN LONG MEASURE.
Inches.
1 _Digitus_ = .726
4 _Digiti_ = 1 _Palmus_ 2.90
4 _Palmi_ = 1 _Pes_ 11.61
1-1/2 _Pedes_ = 1 _Cubitus_ 17.41
5 _Pedes_ = 1 _Passus_ 58.1

Also

1 Roman _Uncia_ = .97
12 _Unciae_ = Pes 11.61

GREEK LONG MEASURE.
Inches.
1 _Dactylos_ = .758
4 _Dactyloi_ = 1 _Palaiste_ 3.03
4 _Palaistai_ = 1 _Pous_ 12.135
1-1/2 _Pous_ = 1 _Pechus_ 18.20
6 _Pous_ = 1 _Orguia_ 72.81

OLD GERMAN LONG MEASURE.
Inches.
1 _Querfinger_ = .703
16 _Querfinger_ = 1 _Werckschuh_ 11.247
2 _Werckschuh_ = 1 _Elle_ 22.494
3 _Elle_ = 1 _Lachter_ 67.518

Also

1 _Zoll_ = .85
12 _Zoll_ = 1 _Werkschuh_

ROMAN LIQUID MEASURE.
Cubic inches. Pints.
1 _Quartarius_ = 8.6 .247
4 _Quartarii_ = 1 _Sextarius_ 31.4 .991
6 _Sextarii_ = 1 _Congius_ 206.4 5.947
16 _Sextarii_ = 1 _Modius_ 550.4 15.867
8 _Congii_ = 1 _Amphora_ 1650.0 47.577

(Agricola nowhere uses the Saxon liquid measures, nor do they
fall into units comparable with the Roman).

GENERAL INDEX.

NOTE.--The numbers in heavy type refer to the Text; those in plain type to the Footnotes, Appendices, etc.

Abandonment of Mines, =217=

Abertham.
Mines at, =74=; =92=; 74

Abolite, 113

_Abstrich_, 465; 492

Abydos.
Gold mines of, =26=; 27
Lead figure from, 390

_Abzug_, 464; 465; 475

_Achates_ (_see_ Agate).

Accidents To Miners, =214-218=

Accounts (Mining), =96-98=

Adit, 101

_Aeris flos_ (_see_ Copper Flowers).

_Aeris squama_ (_see_ Copper Scales).

_Aes caldarium_, 109

_Aes luteum_, 109

_Aes nigrum_, 109

_Aes purum fossile_ (_see_ Native Copper).

_Aes rude plumbei coloris_ (_see_ Copper Glance).

_Aes ustum_ (_see_ Roasted Copper).

_Aetites_, 2

Africa.
Iron, 420
Tin, 412

Agate, 114

Agriculture.
Mining compared with, =5=

Ailments of Miners (_see_ Maladies of Miners).

Air Currents in Mines, =121=; =200=

Alabaster, 114

Alchemists, XXVII-XXX; 44; 608
Agricola's opinion of, XII; =XXVII.=
Amalgamation, 297
Assaying, =248=; 219
Discovery of acids, 439; 460
Distillation, 441

Aljustrel Tablet, 83-84

Alkali, 558

Alloys, Assaying of, =247-252=

Alluvial Mining, =321-348=; 330-332

Alston Moor, 84

Altenberg, =XXXI=; VI.
Collapse of mine, =216=
Miners poisoned, =214=
Tin working appliances, =290=; =304=; =318=

Alum, =564-568=; 564-570
A solidified juice, 1
Elizabethan Charter, 283
In roasted pyrites, =350=
In _Sal artificiosus_, =463=
Latin and German terms, 220; 221
Papal monopoly, 570
Use in making nitric acid, =439=; 460

Amalgam.
Parting the gold from, =298=; 297

Amalgamation, 297
Of gilt objects, =461=
Mills, =295-299=

Amber, =34=; 35

Amethyst, 114

_Amiantus_ (_see_ Asbestos).

Ampulla, =445-447=; 220

Annaberg, VI; =XXXI=; =42=; =75=; 75
Profits, =92=

Ant, venomous, =216=

Antimony, 220; 428; 354
Minerals, 110
Smelting of, =400=; =428=
Use as type-metal, 2; 429

Antimony Sulphide, 220; 428; 451
Parting gold and silver with, =451=; 451; 461
Parting gold from copper, =463=
Parting silver and iron, =544=

Antwerp, Scale of Weights, =263=

Apex Law, 81; 83-86

_Aqua regia_, 439; 441; 354

_Aqua valens_ (_see also_ Nitric Acid), =439-443=; 439; 220
Clarification with silver, =443=; 443
Cleansing gold-dust with, =396=
Parting precious metals with, =443-447=

_Arbores dissectae_ (Lagging), 101

Archimedes, Screw of, 149

Architecture.
Knowledge necessary for miners, =4=

_Area fodinarum_ (_see_ Meer).

Argentiferous Copper Ores, Smelting of, =404-407=

Argentite, 109

_Argentum purum in venis_ (_see_ Native Silver).

_Argentum rude plumbei coloris_ (_see_ Silver Glance).

_Argentum rude rubrum translucidum_ (_see_ Ruby Silver).

Argol, 234; 220
As a flux, =234=; =238=; =243=
Use in melting silver nitrate, =447=
Use in smelting gold dust, =396-398=

Argonauts, 330

Arithmetical Science.
Knowledge necessary for miners, =4=

Armenia, Stone of, 115

Arsenic (_see also_ Orpiment _and_ Realgar), 111; 214

_Arsenicum_, 111

Arsenopyrite, 111

Asbestos, =440=; 440; 114

Ash-coloured Copper, =539-540=; 540; 523-524; 492
From liquation, =529-530=

Ashes which Wool Dyers use (_see also_ Potash), 233; 559; 220
Use in assaying, =236-238=

Ash of Lead, =237-238=; 237; 220

Ash of Musk Ivy (_see also_ Potash and _Nitrum_), =236-238=; 220

Asphalt, 581

_Asphaltites_ (_see_ Dead Sea).

Assay Balances (_see_ Balances).

Assay Fluxes (_see_ Fluxes).

Assay Furnaces, =224-228=; 220
Crucible, =226-227=
Muffle, =224-228=; =239=

Assaying (_see also_ _Probierbuechlein_), =219=; 219; 220; 354
Amalgamation, =243=
Bismuth, =247=
Copper, =244=
Cupellation, =240=
Gold and silver alloys, =248=
Gold ore, =242-244=
Iron ore, =247=
Lead, =245-246=
Silver, =242-245=
Silver and copper alloys, =249-250=
Tin, =246=
Tin and silver alloys, =251=

Assay Muffles (_see_ Muffles).

Assay Ton, =261=; 242

Assyrian Copper, 402

Asthma, =214=

Astronomy.
Knowledge necessary for miners, =4=

Atarnea.
Mines near, =26=; 27

Athens.
Mining law, 83
Sea power and mines, 27
Silver mines (_see_ Mt. Laurion, Mines of).

_Atramentum Sutorium_ (_see also_ Vitriol), 572; 110

_Atramentum Sutorium candidum_, 113

_Atramentum Sutorium rubrum_, =274=; 274

_Aurichalcum_, 409; 404

_Auripigmentum_ (_see_ Orpiment).

Azure, 1; 109; 220
An indication of copper, =116=
An indication of gold, =117=
Colour of flame, =235=

Azurite 109; 220; 402

Babel, Tower of, 582

Babylonia.
Bitumen in, 582
Use of lead, 391

Babytace.
Gold buried by inhabitants, =9=; =15=

Baebelo, =42=; 42

Balances, =224=; =264-265=

Barite, 115

Barmaster, of High Peak, 77

Bars, for Furnace Work, =382=

Baskets, for Hoisting, =153=

Batea, =156=

Beer, =230=; 220

Bell, to call Workmen, =100=

Bellows, =362-373=; =419=
Ancient use of, 354; 355; 362
Assay furnace, =226=; =245=
Mine ventilation with, =207-210=

Beni Hassen, Inscriptions at, 586

_Berg-geel_, 111

Bergmeister, =33=; =81=; =95=; =77=; 77; 78
Deals with forfeited shares, =92-93=
Jurors, =96=

Bergmeister's Clerk, =95=; 78

_Bergzinober_ (_see_ Quicksilver).

Bermius (Bermium), Mt. (_see_ Mt. Bermius).

Bismuth, =433=; 354; 220
Assaying ores of, =247=
Indication of silver, =116=
Minerals, 2; 111
Smelting of, =433-437=; =400=
The "roof of silver," =117=; 433
_Zaffre_, 112

Bitumen.
Ancient knowledge of, 220; 581-582; 354
Colour of fumes, =235=
Dead Sea, =33=
Distillation, =581=
From springs, =582=
Harmful to metals, =273=
Roasting from ore, =273=; =276=; =351=
Solidified juice, =1=

_Bituminosa cadmia_ (_see_ _Cadmia bituminosa_).

Blast, Regulation of, =380=; =386=

Blasting, 119

Blende, 113

Bleyberg, 239

Bloodstone, 111; 2

Bloom, 420

_Bluetstein_ (_see_ Ironstone).

Bohemia.
Antimony sulphide, 428
Pestilential vapours, =216=
Sifting ore in, =293=
Smelting, =384=

Bone-ash, =230=; 466

Borax, 560; 221; 110
Method of manufacture, =560=
Use in gold smelting, =444=; =457=; =464=
Use in assaying, =245=; =246=

Bornite, 109

Boundary Stones, =87=; 129

Boundaries, =77=; =147=

Bowls for Alluvial Washing, =322=; =324=; =334=; =336=

Brass, 410; 354; 2
Ancient methods of making, 404-405; 112

Breaking Ore, =117-119=

Brick Dust.
Used in cementation, =454=; 454
Used in making nitric acid, =440=

Brine (_see also_ Salt).
Evaporation of, =547-548=

Britain.
Lead-silver smelting, 392
Miners mentioned by Pliny, 83
Tin trade, 411-413

British Museum.
Egyptian gold-mining, 399
Egyptian lead, 390
Egyptian steel, 402

Bromyrite, 109

Bronze.
Historical notes, 411; 402; 354

Bronze Age, 355; =402=; 411

Bryle (Outcrop), 101

Buckets, for Hoisting Ore, =153-154=; =157=

Buddle, 281; 282; 267
Divided, =302-303=
Simple, =300-302=; =312-315=

Bullion, Pouring into Bars, =382=

Burning Ore, =231=; =273=; 267

Burnt Alum, =233=; 565; 221

_Cadmia_ (_see also_ Zinc, _Pompholyx_, _and_ Cobalt), =542=; 542;
112-113
Ancient ore of brass, 410
From dust chambers, =394=
From liquation, =539=; 542
From roasting matte, =349=
Poisonous to miners, =214=; 214
Roasting, =276=
Smelting for gold and silver, =410=

_Cadmia bituminosa_, =276=; 273; 113

_Cadmia fornacis_ (_see_ Furnace Accretions).

_Cadmia fossilis_ (_see_ Calamine _and_ Blende).

_Cadmia metallica_ (_see also_ Cobalt), =403=; 113

_Caeruleum_ (_see_ Azure).

Cakes of Melted Pyrites, 379; 222
A flux, =234=
Roasting of, =349-351=
Use in smelting, =379=

Calaem (_see also_ Zinc), =409=

Calamine, 112; 113; 409; 410

Calcite, 114

Calcspar, =116=; 114

_Caldarium_ Copper, =512=; =542=; 404; 511

Caldrons, for Evaporating Salts, =548=

_Calmei_ (_see_ Calamine).

Cameros.
Zinc found at, 409

Camphor, =238=; 238; 221

Cam-shaft, =282-283=; 267

_Canales_ (Ore Channels), 43; 46; 47
Ore shoots in, =117=

Cannon, =11=

Cardinal Points, =57=; =58=

Carnelian, 114

_Carneol_ (_see_ Carnelian).

_Carni_, 390
Cupellation, =483=
Smelting of lead ores, =390=

Carpathian Mountains.
Liquation practice in, =540=; =544=
Sieves, =289=
Stamp-milling, =319=

Carthage.
Mines in Spain, =27=

Castulo (Cazlona), 42

Cementation (_see also_ Parting Gold from Silver), =453-457=; 453; 458

_Centumpondium_, 616; 242; 509
Scale of weights, =260-261=

Cerargurite, 109

_Cerussa_ (_see_ White-lead).

Cerussite, 110

Chain Pumps, =171-175=

Chalcanthite, 110

_Chalcanthum_ (_see also_ Vitriol), 109; 572

Chalcedony, 114

_Chalcitis_, 573; 109
Indication of copper, =116=

Chalcocite, 109; 402

Chalcopyrite, 109

Chaldean Antimony, 429

Chemistry.
Origin, XXVII; 220

Chemnitz.
Agricola appointed city physician, VII.
Agricola elected burgomaster, VIII; IX.
Quarrel over Agricola's burial, XI.

China, Grand Canal of, 129

Chinese.
Early copper smelting, 402
Early iron, 421
Early silver metallurgy, 391
Early zinc smelting, 409

_Chrysocolla_ (_see also_ Borax), 110; 221; 584; 1
Collection in vats, =584=
Colour of fumes, =235=
Indication of copper, =116=
Indication of gold, =117=
Mineral, 109
Smelting of, =401=

Church, Share in Mines, =91=

Cimolite, 31

Cinnabar (_see_ Quicksilver _and_ _Minium_).

Claim, in American Title, 77

Cloth.
Lining sluices, =322=
Ventilation by shaking, =210=

Coal, 34

Cobalt, 354; 542; 112-113
Cobalt-blue, 112; 433
From lead smelting, 408
King Hiram's experience with, 214
Poisonous to miners, 214
Relation to _cadmia_, 112
Relation to bismuth, 435
Smelting ores of, 401

Cobalt-Arsenic Minerals (_see_ Arsenic).

Cobaltite, 113

_Cobaltum cineraceum_ (_see_ Smallite).

_Cobaltum ferri colore_ (_see_ Cobaltite).

_Cobaltum nigrum_ (_see_ Abolite).

Coiners, =95=; 78

Coins, =251-253=; =457=

Colchis.
Alluvial gold washing, =330=

Cologne.
Scale of weights, =263=

Companies, Mining, =89-93=; 90
Fraudulent dealing, =22=
Investment in, =29=

Compass, =141-142=; 56; 129
Divisions of the, =56=; =57=
Swiss, =145=; 137

Concentrates.
From washing liquation products, =542=
Sintering of, =401=
Smelting of, =394=; =396-399=; =401=

Concentration, =267-348=; 279; 354

_Congius_, 153; 172, 617

Constantinople, Alum Trade, 569

Consumption.
Miners liable to, =214=

_Conterfei_ (_see_ Zinc).

Contracts, Method of Setting, =96=

Copiapite, 111

Copper (_see also_ Liquation), 109; 402; 511
Assay of, =244=; =249=
Granulation of, =250=
Indications of, =116=
Parting from gold, =462-464=
Parting gold from silver, =448-451=; 448
Ratio in liquation cakes, 505; 506
Residues from liquation, =521=
Rosette, =538=

Copper-filings, =233=; 233; 221

Copper flowers, =538=; 110; 233; 538
Pliny's description, 404

Copper Glance, =401=; 109

Copper Matte.
Roasting, =350=
Smelting, =404-407=

Copper Ore (_see also_ Copper Smelting, _etc._), 109
Assaying, =244-245=

Copper Pyrites, =117=; 109

Copper Refining, =530-538=; 354; 492; 535-536
Breaking cakes, =501-503=
Enrichment of silver by settling, 510
Roman method, 404
Rosette copper, 535

Copper Scales, 110; 221; 233; 539
Use in assaying, =245=

Copper Schists (_see also_ Mannsfeld Copper Slates), 127
Method of smelting, =408=

Copper Smelting, =388-390=; =401=; =404=; 402
Invention of appliances, 353-354

Cornwall.
Ancient tin mining, 413
Early German miners, 282
Early mining law, 85
Early ore dressing, 282
Influence on German mining, 283
"Knockers," 217
Mining terms, 77; 101; 267; 282
Royal Geol. Soc. Transactions, 84

_Coticula_ (_see_ Touchstone).

_Counterfeht_ (_see_ Zinc).

Crane.
For cupellation furnaces, =476-477=
For lead cakes, =500=
For liquation cakes, =514=

Cremnitz.
Age of mines, =5=
Width of veins, =52=

Crinoid Stems, 115

Croppings, =37=; 37

Crosscuts, =106=

Crowbars, =152=

Crucible.
Assay, =228=; =230=; =241=; =245=; 221
Of blast furnaces, =376=; =377=

_Crudaria_, 65

Crushing Mills (_see_ Stamp-mill _and_ Mills).

Crushing Ore, =231=; =279-287=; 279

Crystal (_Crystallum_), 114

Cumberland.
Early report on ores of, 267
Roman lead furnaces, 392

Cup-Bearer.
Right to a meer, =81=

Cupellation, =464-483=; 465-466
Buildings and furnaces, =464-472=; 492
Brightening of the silver, =241=, =475=
In assaying, =240=
In "tests," =483=
Latin and German terms, 221; 492
Litharge, =475=

Cupels, =228-230=; 221; 466
Drying of, =240=
Moulds, =231=

Cupric Oxide, 221

Cuprite, 109; 402

_Cyanus_ (_see also_ Azurite), 110

Cyprus.
Ancient copper smelting, 402

_Dach_, 127

_Dactylos_, 617; 78

Dangers to Miners, =214-218=

_Darrlinge_, 492

_Darrofen_, 492

_Darrsoehle_, 492

Dawling, of a Vein, 101

Dead Sea.
Bitumen in, =33=

Decemviral College, =96=

_Decumanus_ (_see_ Tithe Gatherer).

_Demensum_ (_see_ Measure).

Demons (_see also_ Gnomes), =217=; 217

Derbyshire (_see also_ High Peak).
Early ore washing, 281
Introduction jigging sieve, 283
Mining law, 77; 84-85

Descent into Mines, =212=

Devon.
Mining law, 85

Dilleugher, 267

Dioptra, 129

_Diphrygum_, 404

Dip of Veins, =65-75=

Dippas, 101

Dippers, =157=
Of pumps, =172=

_Discretores_ (_see_ Sorters).

Distillation, 441
For making nitric acid, =441=
Of amalgam, =244=
Of quicksilver, =426-432=

_Distributor_, 78

Divining Rod, =38-40=; 38; 40

Divisions of the Compass, =56=; =57=

Drainage of Mines, =121=; =171-198=
With buckets, =171=
With chain pumps, =172=
With rag and chain pumps, =188=
With suction pumps, =172=
With water bags, =198=

Drawing.
Knowledge necessary for miners, =4=

Drifts, =104=; =105=; 101
Timbering of, =125=

Drusy Veins, =107=; 107

"Drying" Liquation Residues (_see also_ Liquation), =527-529=; 491; 492
Furnaces for, =521=; =526=; 492
Silver extracted by, =529=
Slags from, 523

Dumps, Working of, =30=

Dust Chambers, =394=; =416=; 354

Dutins, (Timbers), 101

Dynamite, 119

"Earths."
Agricola's view of, 1; 46; 48
Extraordinary, =115=
Peripatetic view of, 46; 47

Egyptians.
Alluvial mining, 330
Antimony, 428
Bronze, 402; 411
Copper smelting, 402
Crushing and concentration, 279
Furnaces, 355
Glass making, 586
Gold mining, 399
Iron, 421
Maps, 129
Mining law, 83
Silver and lead metallurgy, 390
Tin, 411; 412

Egyptian Screw (_see_ Archimedes, Screw of).

Eifel.
Spalling ore, =272=

_Eisenertz_ (_see_ Ironstone).

_Eisenglantz_ (_see_ Ironstone).

Eisleben.
Heap roasting, =279=; 274

_Electrum_, 458; 2; 35

Elements, Peripatetic Theory of, 44

Emery, 115

Erbisdorff.
Tin strakes, =304=

_Excoctores_ (_see_ Smelters).

Exhalations.
From veins, =38=; =44=

Exhausted Liquation Cakes (_see_ Liquation Cakes, Exhausted).

Fans, Ventilation, =203-207=

Fathom, 616; =77=; 78

_Federwis_, (_see also_ Asbestos), 114; 274

Feldspar, 114

_Ferrugo_ (_see_ Iron-rust).

_Ferrum purum_ (_see_ Native Iron).

_Fibrae_ (_see_ Stringers).

Fineness, Scales of, 253; 617

Fire-setting, =118-120=; 118-119

Firstum Mines (_see_ Fuerst).

Fissure Vein (_see_ _Vena profunda_).

Flame.
Determination of metal by, =235=
Determination of required flux by, =235=

Flint, as a Flux, 380

Float, from Veins, =37=

Flookan, 101

Flue-dust, =394-396=

_Fluores_ (_see_ Fluorspar).

Fluorspar, 115; 380; 381
Indication of ore, =116=

_Fluesse_ (_see_ Fluorspar).

Fluxes (_see also_ Argol, Saltpetre, Limestone, Stones which easily
melt, _etc._), =232-239=; 232; 237; 380; 221
Basic, 237
De-sulphurizing, =236=; 237
For smelting, =379=; =380=; =386=; =390=
Reducing, =236=; 237
Stock fluxes for assaying, =236=
Sulphurizing, =236=; 237

Footwall, =68=; =117=

Forehearth, =356=; =375-378=; =386=; 355
For tin furnaces, =411=; =413=

Foreman (_see_ Mining Foreman).

Forest-Fires, =36=; 36

Forest of Dean, 84

Forest of Mendip, 84

_Formae_, 101

_Fossa latens_ (_see also_ Drifts), 101

_Fossa latens transversa_ (_see also_ Crosscuts), 101

_Fossores_ (_see_ Miners).

Founders' Hoards, 355; 402

Fractional Meers, =80=

France.
Mediaeval mining law, 84

Free Mining Cities, 84

Freiberg, =XXXI.=
Age of the mines, =5=
Bergmeister, =95=
Division of shares, =81=; =90=; =91=
First discovery of veins, =35=; 36
Flooding of mines, =218=
Method of cupellation, =482=

Fullers' Earth, 115

Fumes.
From heated ore, =235=
Poisonous, =215-216=

_Fundamentum_ (_see also_ Footwall), 101

_Fundgrube_ (_see also_ Meer), 77

Furnaces, =374-378=; =386=; =388=; 355; 492
Assaying (_see_ Assay Furnaces).
Bismuth smelting, =433-437=
Burning tin concentrates, =349=
Cementation, =455=
Copper smelting, =401-408=
Cupellation, =467-468=; =482-483=
"Drying" liquated copper, =522-526=
Enriching copper bottoms, =510=
Gold and silver ores, =382-384=
Heating copper cakes, =503=
Iron smelting, =420-421=; 420
Latin and German terms, 220
Lead ores, =408-410=
Liquation of silver, =515=
Melting lead cakes, =498=
Nitric acid making, =441=
Parting precious metals with antimony, =452-453=
Quicksilver distillation, =426-432=
Refining copper, =531-533=
Refining silver, =483=; =489=
Refining tin, =418=
Roasting, =276-277=
Smelting liquation slags, =507=
Tin smelting, =411-413=; =419=

Furnace Accretions, 113; 221; 492
Removal of, =376=

Furnace Hoods, =494=

Fuerst.
Mines of, =24=; 24

_Gaarherd_ (_see_ Refining-hearth).

_Gaarmachen_ (_see_ Copper Refining).

Gad, 150

Galena, 51; 109; 110; 221
Bismuth distinguished from, 3
Smelting of, =400-401=

Gangue Minerals, 48

Garlic.
Magnet weakened by, =39=

Garnets, =334=

Gases (_see also_ Fumes)
From fire-setting, =120=

_Gedigen eisen, silber_, etc. (_see_ Native Iron, Silver, etc.).

_Gel atrament_ (_see_ _Misy_).

Gems, =115=; 1

Geology.
Agricola's views, 595

Germans.
English mining influenced by, 283
Mining men imported into England, 282
Ore-dressing methods, 281-282

_Geschwornen_ (in Saxon mines), 77

Geyer, =XXXI=; =42=; VI.
Shafts, 102
Tin-strakes, =304=

Gilding, 460
Removal from objects, =460=; =464=

Gips (_see_ Gypsum).

Gittelde.
Smelting of lead ore, =391=

_Glantz_ (_see_ Galena).

_Glasertz_ (_see_ Silver Glance).

_Glaskoepfe_ (_see_ Ironstone).

Glass, =584-592=
Blowing, =592=
Furnaces, =586-590=
From sand, 380

Glass-galls, 235; 221
As a flux, =235=; =238=; =243=; =246=
Use in parting gold from copper, =464=
Use in smelting gold concentrates, =397=; =398=

_Glette_ (_see_ Litharge).

_Glimmer_ (_see_ Mica).

Gnomes.
In mines, =217=; 112; 214; 217

Goblins (_see_ Gnomes).

God's Gift Mine (_see_ Gottsgaab Mine).

Gold (_see also_ Gold Ores, Parting, Smelting, Stamp-Mill, _etc._).
Alluvial mining, =321-336=; 330
Alluvial streams, =75=
Amalgamation, 297
Gold-dust, =396=
Historical notes, 399; 354
Indications of, =108=; =116=
Lust for, not the fault of the metal, =16=
Minerals, 108
Minerals associated with, =108-109=
Smelting of ores, =381-382=; =386=; =388=; =390=; =396=
Wickedness caused by, =9-10=

Gold Concentrates, =396-399=; 398

Golden Fleece, =330=; 330

Gold Ores, =107-108=
Amalgamation, =295-299=; 297
Assay by amalgamation, =243-244=
Assay by fire, =242-243=
Flux used in assaying, =235=
Flux used in smelting, =398=
Smelting in blast furnace, =398-400=
Smelting cupriferous ores, =404-407=
Smelting in lead bath, =399=
Smelting pyritiferous ore, =398-401=
Stamp-milling, =321=

_Goldstein_ (_see_ Touchstone).

Goslar, =5=; =37=; 37
Lead smelting, =408=
Native zinc vitriol, 572
Roasting ores, =274=; 274
Spalling hard ore, =271=

Goslarite, 113; 572

Gottsgaab Mine, VI; VII; =74=; 74

Gounce, 267

Grand Canal of China, 129

Granulation Methods for Bullion, =444=

Granulation of Copper, =250=

Greeks.
Antimony, 428
Brass making, 410
Copper smelting, 403
Iron and steel making, 421
Metallurgy from Egypt, 402
Mining law, 83
Ore dressing, 281
Quicksilver, 432
Silver-lead smelting, 391
Smelting appliances, 355

Grey Antimony (_see also_ _Stibium_), 110; 221; 428

Griffins, 331

Groom of the Chamber.
Right to a meer, =81=

Groove (_see also_ Shafts), 101

Ground Sluices, =336-337=

Ground Waters, 46-48

_Gruenspan_ (_see_ Verdigris).

_Gulden_, 92; 419

Gunpowder.
First use for blasting in mines, 119
Invention of, 562

Gypsum, 114

Hade, 101

_Haematites_ (_see_ Ironstone).

_Halinitrum_ (_see_ Saltpetre).

Halle, Salt Industry, =552=

Hammers, =151=
With water power, =423=

Hangingwall, =68=; =117=

Harz Miners.
Agricola consulted, VII.
Antimony sulphide, 428
First mining charter, 84
First stamp-mill, 282
Pumps, =194=

Hauling Appliances (_see also_ Whims _and_ Windlasses), =160-168=; 149

Heap Roasting, =274-276=

Hearth-lead (_see also_ _Molybdaena_), =475=; 476; 110; 221
As a flux, =232=
Use in smelting, =379=; =398=; =400=

Hearths.
For bismuth smelting, =433-437=
For melting lead, =390=; =498=

Heavenly Host Mine (_see_ _Himmelisch Hoez_ Mine).

Heavy Spar, 115

Hebrews.
Knowledge of antimony, 428
Silver-lead smelting, 391
Term for tin, 412

Hematite, 111

Hemicycle (_Hemicyclium_), =137-138=

_Heraclion_ (_see_ Lodestone).

_Herdplei_ (_see_ Hearth-Lead).

Hiero, King, =247=; 247

High Peak (Derbyshire).
Mining law, 84
Nomenclature in mines, 77
Saxon customs, connection with, 77; 85

_Himmelisch Hoez_ mine, =74=; =92=; 75

Hoe, =152=

Holidays of Miners, =99=

Horn Silver, 109

Horns of Deer, =230=

Hornstone, =116=; 114

Hungary.
Cupellation, =483=

_Huettenrauch_ (_see_ _Pompholyx_).

Iglau, Charter of, 84

Incense in Cupellation Furnaces, =472=

Indications of Ore, =106=; =107=; =116=

_Ingestores_ (_see_ Shovellers).

India.
Steel, 423
Zinc, 409

_Intervenium_, =51=; =50=

Investment in Mines, =26-29=

Iron, 420; 354; 111
Cast, 420
Censure of, =11=
Indications of, =116=
Malleable, 420
Smelting, =420-426=
Sulphur harmful to, =273=

Iron Age, 420

Iron Filings (_see also_ Iron-Scales), 221
Use in assaying, =234=; =238=; =246=

Iron Ore.
Assaying of, =247=
Smelting of, =420-426=

Iron-rust, =116=; =474=; 1; 111

Iron-scales, 221
Flux, =234=
Use in smelting gold, =398=
Use in smelting silver, =400=
Use in making nitric acid, =440=
Use in parting gold from copper, =464=

Iron-slag, 221
As a flux, =234=; =235=

Ironstone, =390=; 111

Italians.
Alluvial mining in Germany, =334=

Italy.
Mining formerly forbidden, =8=

Jade, 114

Japan.
Steel, 423

Jasper, 111; 2

_Jaspis_, 114

Jet, 34

Jigging Sieve, =310=; 267; 283

Joachimsthal, VI.
First stamp-mill, 281
Mining shares and profits, =91=; =92=

_Juedenstein_ (_see_ _Lapis Judaicus_).

Juices, 1; 47
Agricola's theory, 46; 52
From springs and streams, =33=
Stone juice, 46; 49
Tastes of, =34=

Juices, Solidified.
Agricola's view of, 1; 49
Extraction of metals from, =350=
Preparation of, =545=

Julian Alps.
Stamp-milling in, =319=

Junctions (_see_ Veins, Intersections of).

_Jurati_ (_see_ Jurors).

Jurors, =22=; =92=; =96=; 78
In English mining custom, 85
Relations to Bergmeister, =95=; 77

Justinian Code.
Mines, 84

_Kalchstein_ (_see_ Limestone).

_Kammschale_, 127

Kaolinite (_see_ Porcelain Clay).

_Katzensilber_ (_see_ Mica).

King.
Deputy, =94=
Right to a meer, =81=

_Kinstock_ (_see_ Liquation Cakes, Exhausted).

_Kis_ (_see_ Pyrites).

Knockers (_see_ Gnomes).

_Kobelt_ (_see_ Cobalt).

Koelergang Vein, =42=

Koenigsberg.
Fire-setting, 119

_Kupferglas ertz_ (_see_ Copper Glance).

_Kupferschiefer_ (_see_ Copper Schists).

Kuttenberg.
Depths of shafts, 102

Labour Condition in Mining Title, =92=; 83-85

Lacedaemonians (_see_ Spartans).

_Lachter_ (_see_ Fathom).

Ladderways in Shafts, =124=; =212=

Ladle for Bullion, =382=

_Lapis aerarius_ (_see_ Copper Ore).

_Lapis alabandicus_, 380

_Lapis Judaicus_, =115=; 115

_Lapis specularis_ (_see_ Gypsum).

Laths (Lagging), 101

La Tolfa.
Alum manufacture, 565
Discovery of, 570

Laurion (Laurium), Mt. (_see_ Mt. Laurion, Mines of).

Lautental, Liquation at, 491

Law (_see_ Mining Law).

Law-suits over Shares in Mines, =94=

Lead, 354; 390; 110
Censure of, =11=
Cupellation, =464-483=
Melting prior to liquation, =500=
In liquation cakes, =505-506=; 505; 506
Refining silver, =483-490=
Smelting of ores, =388-392=; =400=
Use in assaying, =232=; =239=; =242=; =244=; =249=; =251=
Washing in sluices, =347=

Lead-ash, =237=; 237; 221
As a flux, =234=
Use in parting gold from copper, =463=

Lead Bath, =381=

Lead-glass, 236

Lead Granules, =239=; =463=; 221

Leading (in liquation), =304=; =507=; =513=; 491; 492; 504
Components of the charge, =505-509=

Lead Ochre, 232; 110; 221

Lead Ore.
Assay methods, =245-246=
Roasting, =275=
Smelting in blast furnace, =390=; =408=

Lease, in Australian Title, 77

Leaves, Preparation of Bullion into, =444=

Leberthal, 24

Lees of _aqua_ which separates Gold from Silver, 234; 443; 221
As a flux, =234=; =238=

Lees of Vinegar (_see also_ Argol), 221
As a flux, =234=; =236=; =243=; 234

Lees of Wine (_see_ Argol).

Lemnos, Island of, =31=

Lemnian Earth, 31

Leprosy of House Walls (_see_ Saltpetre).

Level (_see also_ Drift), 101

Level, Plummet (_see_ Plummet Level).

Limestone, 114; 221
As a flux, =236=; =390=

Limonite, 111

Limp, 267

Linares.
Hannibal's mines near, 42

Lipari Islands.
Alum from, 566

Liquated Silver-lead (_see_ _Stannum_ _and_ Silver-lead).

Liquation, =519-521=; 491; 519
Ash-coloured copper from, =529=
Buildings for, 491
Furnace, =515-518=; 492
Historical note on, 494
Losses, 491; 539
Nomenclature, 492

Liquation Cakes, =505-509=; 492; 505; 506
Enrichment of the lead, =512=; 512
Extraction of silver from, 512
From bye-products of liquation, =539-540=
From copper bottoms, =512=; 512
Proportion of lead in rich silver copper, =509=

Liquation Cakes, Exhausted, =521-526=; =406=; 492; 520

Liquation Slags, 509; 492; 541
Furnaces for, =507=
Treatment of, =541=

Liquation Thorns, =522=; =539=; 492; 539; 540
From cupellation, =543=; 543
From "drying" copper residues, =529=

Litharge (_see also_ Cupellation), =475=; =232-238=; 466; 476; 110; 222
Use in reducing silver nitrate, =447=
Use in smelting, =379=; =398=; =400=

_Lithargyrum_ (_see_ Litharge).

Lodestone, =115=; 111; 115; 2
Compass, 57

_Los Pozos de Anibal_, 42

_Lotores_ (_see_ Washers).

Lusitania.
Gold alluvial, =347=
Sluices for gold washing, =325=
Tin smelting, =419=

Lute, 1
Preparation of for furnace linings, =375-376=

Lydia.
Mining law, 83
The King's mines, 27

Lye, =558=; 221; 233
Use in making fluxes, =236=
Use in parting, =463=

_Magister Metallicorum_ (_see_ Bergmeister).

_Magister Monetariorum_ (_see_ Master of the Mint).

_Magnes_ (_see also_ Lodestone _and_ Manganese), =585=; 111; 115; 585

Magnet, =247=
Garlic, =39=

_Magnetis_ (_see_ Mica).

Magnetite, 111

Malachite, 109; 221

Maladies of Miners, =214-217=

Maltha, 581

Manager (_see_ Mine Manager).

Manganese, 586; 354

Mannsfeld Copper Slates, =126-127=; =279=; 127; 273

Map-making, 129

Marble, =115=; 2; 114

Marcasite, 111; 112; 409

_Marga_ (_see_ Marl).

Marienberg, =XXXI=; VI.

Marl, 114

Marmelstein (_see_ Marble).

_Marmor_ (_see_ Marble).

_Marmor alabastrites_ (_see_ Alabaster).

_Marmor glarea_, 114

Massicot (_see also_ Lead Ochre), 110; 221; 232

Master of the Horse, =81=

Master of the Mint, =95=; 78

Matte (_see_ Cakes of Melted Pyrites).

Matte Smelting, =404-407=

Measure (unit of mining area), =78=; 78

Measures, 616-617; 78; 550

Medicine.
Knowledge necessary for miners, =3=

_Medulla saxorum_ (_see_ Porcelain Clay).

Meer, =77-89=
Boundary stones, =87=
On _vena cumulata_, =87=
On _vena dilatata_, =86=

Meissen.
Dumps from mines, =312=

_Melanteria_, =117=; 112; 573
Indication of copper, =116=

Melanterite, 111

Melos, Island of, 566

_Menning_ (_see_ Red-lead).

_Mergel_ (_see_ Marl).

Metals, 2; 44; 51
Advantages and uses, =19=; =20=
Necessity to man, =XXV=; =12-13=
Not responsible for evil passions, =15=

_Metreta_, 153

Mexico.
Patio process, 297

Mica, 114

Middle Ages, Mining Law of, 84

Mills for Grinding Ore, =294-299=; 280

Mimes (_see also_ Gnomes), 217

Mine Captain, =26=; 77

Mine Manager, =97=; =98=; 77; 78

Mineral Kingdom, Agricola's Divisions of, 1

Minerals, 594; 108; 48; 51
Compound, 2; 51
Mixed, 2; 51

Miners, =1-4=; =25=; 78
Duties and punishments, =100=; =22=
Law (_see_ Mining Law).
Litigation among, =21=
Slaves as, =23=

Mines.
Abandonment of, =217=
Conditions desirable, =30-33=
Investments in, =26-29=
Management of, =25=; =26=
Names of, =42=

Mines Royal, Company of, 283

Mining (_see also_ Sett, Lease, Claim, Meer, _etc._).
Criticisms of, =4-12=
Harmless and honourable, =14=; =20=; =23=
Methods of breaking ore, =117-118=
Stoping, =125=

Mining Clerk, =93=; =95=; =96=; 78

Mining Companies (_see_ Companies, Mining).

Mining Foreman, =98-99=; 78
Frauds by, =21-22=

Mining Law, 82-86
Boundary stones, =87=
Drainage requirements, =92-93=
England, 84-86
Europe, 84
Forfeiture of title, =92-93=
France, 84
Greek and Roman, 83
Middle Ages, 84-85
Right of Overlord, Landowner, State and Miner, 82
Tunnels, =88-89=

Mining Prefect, =26=; =94=; 78

Mining Rights (_see_ Mining Law _and_ Meer).

Mining Terms, Old English, 77; 101

Mining Tools, =149-153=
Buckets for ore, =153-154=
Buckets for water, =157=
Trucks, =156=
Wheelbarrows, =155=

_Minium_, 111
Quicksilver from, 433
Red-lead, 232

_Minium secundarium_ (_see_ Red-lead).

Mispickel (_Mistpuckel_), 111

_Misy_ (the mineral), 573; 111; 403
An indication of copper, =116=
Use in parting gold and silver, 459

_Mitlere und obere offenbrueche_ (_see_ Furnace Accretions).

_Modius_, 617; 405

Moglitz.
Tin working, =318=

Moil, 150

_Molybdaena_, 110; 221; 476; 400; 408
Term for lead carbonates, 400; 408

Molybdenite, 477

_Monetarius_ (_see_ Coiners).

Money, Assaying of, =251-252=

Morano Glass Factories, =592=

Moravia.
Cupellation, =483=
Stamp-milling, =321=
Washing gold ore, =324=

Mordants, 569

Mortar-box, =279-280=; =312=; =319=; 267

Mountains.
Formation of, =595=

Mt. Bermius.
Gold Mines of, =26=; 27

Mt. Laurion, Mines of, =27=; 27-29; 391
Crushing and concentration of ores, 281
Cupellation, 465
Mining law, 83
Smelting appliances, 355
Xenophon on, =6=

Mt. Sinai.
Ancient copper smelting, 355; 402

Muffle Furnaces, =224-228=; =239=

Muffles, =227=; =239=; 222
Refining silver, =489-490=

Muehlberg, Battle of, X.

_Murrhina_ (_see_ Chalcedony).

Muskets, =11=

Mycenae.
Copper, 402
Silver-lead smelting, 391

Names of Mines, =42=

Naphtha, 581

Native Copper, 109

Native Iron, 111

Native Minerals, =107=

Native Silver, =269=; 109

Natron (_see_ _Nitrum_).

Neolithic Furnaces, 355

Neusohl, Method of Screening Ore, =290=

Newbottle Abbey, 35

Nitocris, Bridge of, 391

Nitric Acid (_see also_ _Aqua valens_), =439-443=; 460; 439; 354
Assay parting gold and silver, =248=
Testing silver regulus with, =449=
Use in cleaning gold dust, =396=

_Nitrum_ (_see also_ Soda), 558; 110

Nomenclature, I; 267
Mining law, 77; 78
Mining officials, 77; 78

_Norici_, 388
Conveyance of ore, =169=

Normans.
Mining Law in England, 85

Notary, =94=; 78

Nubia.
Early gold-mining, 399

Nuremberg, Scale of Weights, =263=

_Obolus_, 25

_Ochra nativa_, 111

Ochre Yellow, 111

_Offenbrueche_ (_see_ Furnace Accretions).

Olynthus.
Betrayal to Philip of Macedon, =9=

Operculum, =441=; 222

Orbis, =141=; 137

Ore (_see various metals_, Assaying, Mining, _etc._).

Ore Channels (_see_ Canales).

Ore Deposits, Theory of, XIII; 43-53

Ore Dressing, =267-351=
Burning, =273=
Hand spalling, =271-272=
Sorting, =268-271=

_Orguia_, =78=; 78; 617

_Orichalcum_ (_see_ _Aurichalcum_).

Orpiment, 111; 1; 222
Colour of fumes, =235=
Harmful to metals, =273=
Indication of gold, etc., =116=
Roasted from ore, =273=
Use in assaying, =237=

Outcrops, 68; 43

Ox-blood in Salt Making, =552=

Pactolus, Gold Sands of, 27

Park's Process, 465

Parting Gold from Copper, =462-464=

Parting Gold from Silver, =443-460=; 458-463
Antimony sulphide, =451-452=; 451-452; 461
Cementation, =453-457=; =453-454=; =458=
Chlorine gas, 458; 462
Electrolysis, 458; 462
Nitric acid, =443-447=; 443; 447; 460
Nitric acid (in assaying), =247-249=
Sulphur and copper, =448-451=; 448; 461
Sulphuric acid, 458; 462

Partitions, 493

Passau, Peace of, IX.

_Passus_, 616; 78

Patio Process, 297-298

Pattinson's Process, 465

Peak, The (_see_ High Peak).

_Pentremites_, 115

Pergamum.
Brazen ox of, =11=
Mines near, =26=; 27

Peripatetics, XII.
Theory of ore deposits, =47=; 44
View of wealth, =18=

Persians.
Ancient mining law, 83

_Pes_, 616; 78

Pestles, =231=; =483=

Petroleum, 581-582

Phalaris, Brazen Bull of, =11=

Philosophy.
Knowledge necessary for miners, =3=

Phoenicians.
Copper and bronze, 402
In Thasos, 24
Tin, 411-412

Picks, =152-153=

_Pickschiefer_ (_see_ Ash-coloured Copper).

Placer Mining, =321-348=

_Pleigeel_ (_see_ Lead Ochre).

_Pleiweis_ (_see_ White-lead).

Pleygang Vein, =42=

_Plumbago_, 110

_Plumbum candidum_, 110; 3; 473

_Plumbum cinereum_, 111; 3

_Plumbum nigrum lutei coloris_, 110; 3

Plummet Level.
Standing, =143=; 137
Suspended, =145=; =146=; 137

Pockets in Alluvial Sluices, =322-330=

Poisonous Fumes (_see_ Fumes).

Poland.
Cupellation, =483=
Lead ore washing, =347=
Lead smelting, =392=

_Poletae_, Tablets of the, 83

Poling Copper, =531-538=; 535-536

Pompeiopolis.
Arsenic mine at, 111

_Pompholyx_, 394; 113-114; 403
From copper refinings, =538=
From cupellation, =476=
From dust-chambers, =394=
From roasting ore, =278=
Poisonous, =214=; 215
Used for brass making, 410

Porcelain Clay, 115

Potash, =558-559=; 558; 233; 220
In _Sal artificiosus_, =463=

Pottery, Egyptian, 391

Potosi, 298

Pozos de Anibal, Los, 42

_Pous_, 617; 78

_Praefectus cuniculi_, 78

_Praefectus fodinae_ (_see_ Mine Manager).

_Praefectus metallorum_ (_see_ Mining Prefect).

_Praeses cuniculi_, 78

_Praeses fodinae_ (_see_ Mining Foreman).

Precious and Base Metals, 439

Primgap, 80

_Procurator metallorum_, 83

Prospecting, =35=

Proustite, 108

Pumps, =171-200=; 149
Chain, =171-175=
Rag and chain, =188-200=
Suction, =175-188=

_Purgator argenti_ (_see_ Silver Refiner).

Purser, 77

Puteoli, =501=

Pyrargyrite, 108

_Pyriten argentum_, 408

Pyrites (_see also_ Cakes of Melted Pyrites), 51; 111; 112; 1
As a flux, =234=
Assay for gold, =243=
In tin concentrates, =348=
Latin and German terms, 222
Roasting, =273-274=
Roasting cakes of, =349-351=
Smelting for gold and silver, =399=; =401=
Used in making vitriol, 578

_Pyrites aerosus_ (_see_ Copper Pyrites).

_Pyrites aurei coloris_ (_see_ Copper Pyrites).

Quartz (_see also_ Stones which easily melt), 114
As a flux, 380
An indication of ore, =116=
Material of glass, 380
Silver ore, =113=
Smelting of, =401=

_Quarzum_ (_see_ Quartz).

Quertze, 380

Quicksilver, 432; 2; 354; 110
Amalgamation of gilt objects, =461=
Amalgamation of gold dust, =396=
Amalgamation of gold ores, =297=; 297
Assaying methods, =247=
Ore, 426-432
Use in assaying gold ore, =243=

Rag and Chain Pumps, =188-200=

Rake Veins, 101

Rammelsberg.
Collapse of mines, =216=
Discovery, 37
Early vitriol making, 572

_Rauchstein_, 127

Realgar, 1; 111; 222
Colour of fumes, =235=
Harmful to metals, =273=
Indication of ore, =116=
Roasted from ore, =273=

_Rederstein_ (_see_ _Trochitis_).

Red-lead, 232; 110; 222
Use in parting gold from copper, =463=
Use in parting gold from silver, =459=

Refined Salt, =454=; =463=; 233

Refinery for Silver and Copper, =491-498=

Refining Gold from Copper, =462-464=

Refining Gold from Silver, =443-458=

Refining-hearth, 492

Refining Silver, =483-490=; 465; 484

Refining Silver from Lead, =464=

Reformation, The, V; VIII.

Re-opening of Old Mines, =217=

Revival of Learning.
Agricola's position in, XIII.

Reward Lease, in Australian Law, 77

Rhaetia, 388

Rhaetian Alps.
Stamp milling in, =319=

Ring-fire, =448=

Rio Tinto Mines.
Roman methods of smelting, 405
Roman water-wheels, 149

Risks of Mining, =28-29=

Rither (a horse), 101

Roasted Copper, =233=; 233; 222

Roasting, =273-279=; 267
Heap roasting, =274-275=
In furnaces, =276=
Mattes, =349-351=
Prior to assaying, =231=

Rocks, =119=; 2

Rock-salt, =548=; 222
Use in cementation, =454=

Roman Alum, 565

Romans.
Amalgamation, 297
Antimony, 428
Brass making, 410
Companies, 90
Copper smelting, 404-405
Mining law, 83
Minium Company, 232
Quicksilver, 433
Roasting, 267
Silver-lead smelting, 392
Washing of ore, 281

Rosette Copper, =538=; 535

_Rosgeel_ (_see_ Realgar).

Ruby Copper, 109; 402

Ruby Silver, 51; 108
Assaying of, =244=
Cupellation, =473=

_Rudis_ Ores, 108

Rust (_see_ Iron-rust).

Sabines, =9=

_Saigerdoerner_ (_see_ Liquation Thorns).

_Saigerwerk_ (_see_ _Stannum_).

_Salamander har_ (_see_ Asbestos).

Salamis, Battle of, 27

Sal-ammoniac, =560=; 560; 222
In cements for parting gold and silver, =454-457=
In making _aqua valens_, =441=
Uses in cupellation, =474=
Uses in making _aqua regia_, 460
Uses in parting gold from copper, =463=

_Sal artificiosus_, =236=; =463=; 236
In assaying, =242=
As a flux, =234=

Salt, =545=; =556=; 546; 233; 222
As a flux, =234-238=
Pans, =545=; =546=
Solidified juice, 1
Use in cementation, =454=; 454
Use in parting gold from copper, =463=; =464=
Use in smelting ores, =396=; =400=
Wells, =546-547=

Salt made from Ashes of Musk Ivy, 560; 233

_Sal torrefactus_, =242=; 222; 233

_Sal tostus_, =233=; 233; 222

Saltpetre, =561-564=; 561; 562; 222
As a flux, =233=; =236-238=; =245=; =247=
In smelting gold concentrates, =398=
Uses in cementation, =454=; 454
Uses in making nitric acid, =439=; =440=; =447=; =454=
Uses in melting silver nitrate, =447=

Sampling Copper Bullion, =249=

Sand, =117=

_Sandaraca_ (_see_ Realgar).

Sandiver (_see_ Glass-galls).

_Sarda_ (_see_ Carnelian).

Saxony.
High Peak customs from, 77; 85
Political state in Agricola's time, VIII; IX.
Reformation, IX.

_Saxum calcis_ (_see_ Limestone).

Scales of Fineness, 253; 617

Scapte-Hyle, Mines of, 23

Schemnitz.
Age of mines, =5=
Gunpowder for blasting, 119
Pumps, =194=

Schist, 222

_Schistos_ (_see_ Ironstone).

Schlackenwald.
Ore washing, =304=

Schmalkalden League, IX.

Schmalkalden War, IX; X.

Schneeberg, =XXXI=; VI.
Cobalt, =435=
Depth of shafts, 102
Ore stamping, 281
Shares, =91=
St. George mine, =91=; 74; 75

_Schwartz-atrament_ (_see_ _Melanteria_ _and_ _Sory_).

Scorification Assay, =239=

Scorifier, =228=; =230=; 222
Assays in, =238=; =239=

Screening Ore (_see_ Sifting Ore).

Screens (_see also_ Screening), 267
In stamp-mill, =315=

_Scriba fodinarum_ (_see_ Mining Clerk).

_Scriba magistri metallicorum_ (_see_ Bergmeister's Clerk).

_Scriba partium_ (_see_ Share Clerk).

Scum of Lead from Cupellation, =475=

Scythians.
Wealth condemned, =9=; =15=

Seams in the Rocks, =72=; 43; 47
Indications of ore, =67=; =107=

Sea-Water, Salt from, =545-546=

_Sesterce_, 448

Sett, 77

Settling Pits, =316=; 267

Shaft-houses, =102=

Shafts, =102-107=; =122-124=
Surveys of, =129-135=
_Venae cumulatae_, =128=

Shakes, 101

Share Clerk, =97=; =93=; 78

Share in Mines (_see_ Companies, Mining).

Shears for Cutting Native Silver, =269=

Shift, =99=; 92

Shoes (stamp), =285-286=; 267

Shovellers, =153=; =169=; 78

_Sideritis_ (_see_ Lodestone).

_Siegelstein_ (_see_ Lodestone).

Sieves.
For charcoal, =375=
For crushed ore, =287-293=; =341=

Sifting Ore, =287-293=

_Signator publicus_ (_see_ Notary).

_Silberweis_ (_see_ Mica).

_Silex_, 114; 118

Silver (_see also_ Assaying, Liquation, Parting, Refining,
_etc._), 390; 354; 108
Amalgamation, 297; 300
Assaying, =248-251=
Cupellation, =464-483=; =241=
"Drying" copper residues from liquation, 529
Enrichment in copper bottoms, =510=; 510
Exhausted liquation cakes, 524
Indicated by bismuth, etc., =116=
Liquation, =505-507=; 506; 509; 512
Parting from gold (_see_ Parting Gold and Silver).
Parting from iron, =544=; 544
Precipitation from solution in copper bowl, =444=
Refining, =483-490=; 465; 484
Smelting of ores, =381-382=; =386=; =388=; =390=; =400=; =402=
Use in clarification of nitric acid, =443=; 443

Silver, Ruby (_see_ Ruby Silver).

Silver Glance, 108
Assaying, =244=
Cupellation, =473=
Dressing, =269=

Silver-Lead Alloy (_see_ _Stannum_, _etc._).

Silver Ores, =108=; 108
Assaying, =242-244=
Assaying cupriferous ores, =245=
Fluxes required in assaying, =235=
Smelting cupriferous ores, =404-407=

Silver-Plating, 460

Silver Refiner, =95=; 78

Silver Refining (_see_ Refining).

Silver Veins, =117=

Singing by Miners, =118=

Sintering Concentrates, =401=

Slags (_see also_ Liquation Slags), 222
From blast furnace, =379=; =381=
From liquation, 491; 492; 523

Slaves as Miners, =23=; 83
In Greek mines, =25=; 25; 28

Slough (tunnel), 101

Sluices, =319=; =322-348=

Smallite, 113

Smalt, 112

_Smega_, 404

Smelters, 78

Smelting (_see also various metals_), =379-390=; 353-355
Assaying compared, =220=
Building for, =355-361=
Objects of, =353=

_Smirgel_ (_see_ Emery).

_Smiris_ (_see_ Emery).

Smyrna.
Mines near, 27

Snake-Bites, 31

Soda (_see also_ _Nitrum_), =558=; =559=; 233; 222
As a flux, =233=; =234=
Historical notes, 558; 354
Solidified juice, 1

Sole, 101

Solidified Juices (_see_ Juices, Solidified).

_Solifuga_, =216=; 216

Sorters, 78

Sorting Ore, =268-271=

_Sory_, 112; 403; 573

Sows, =376=; =386=; 376

Spain (_see also_ Lusitania).
Ancient silver-lead mines, 149; 392
Ancient silver mines of Carthage, =27=
Ancient tin mines, 411-412

Spalling Ore, =271-272=

_Spangen_ (_see_ _Trochitis_).

_Spanschgruen_ (_see_ Verdigris).

Spartans.
Gold and silver forbidden, =9=; =15=
Interference with Athenian mines, 27

Spat (_see_ Heavy Spar).

Spelter, 409

Sphalerite, 113

_Spiauter_, 409

_Spiesglas_ (_see_ _Stibium_).

Spines of Fishes for Cupels, =230=

_Spodos_, =538=; 394; 113; 114

_Spuma argenti_ (_see_ Litharge).

Staffordshire.
First pumping engine, 149

Stalagmites, 114

Stall Roasting, =350-351=

Stamp, 267
For breaking copper cakes, =501-503=
For crushing crucible lining, =373-375=

Stamping Refined Silver, =489=

Stamp-mill, =279-287=; 281-282; 267
Wet ore, =312-314=; =319-321=

Standing Plummet Level (_see_ Plummet Level).

Stannaries, 85

_Stannum_, 473; 2; 384; 492

Steel, =423-426=; 422-423; 354

_Steiger_, 77

_Steinmarck_ (_see_ Porcelain Clay).

Stemple (stull), 101

Stephanite, 109

Sternen Mine, =92=; 75

Steward (of High Peak mines), 77

St. George Mine (Schneeberg), =91=; 74; 75

_Stibium_ (_see also_ Antimony _and_ Antimony Sulphide), 110; 428; 2; 221
Flux to be added to, =235=
In assaying, =237-239=
In cementation, =458-460=
Indication of silver, =116=
In making nitric acid, =440=
In parting gold and silver, =451-452=; =459=
In parting gold from copper, =464=
In treatment of gold concentrates, =396=; =397=

Stibnite, 428; 451

St. Lorentz Mine, =74=; =92=

Stockwerke (_see_ _Vena cumulata_).

Stoics.
Views on wealth, =18=

_Stomoma_, =423=

Stone Juice, 46; 49

Stones.
Agricola's view of, 2; 46; 49
Various orders of fusibility, =380=

"Stones which Easily Melt" (_see also_ Quartz), 380; 222
As a flux, =233=; =236=; 233
In making nitric acid, =440=
In smelting, =379=; =380=; =390=
Smelting of, =401=

Stool (of a drift), 101

Stope, =126=

Stoping, =125=
_Venae cumulatae_, =128=
_Venae dilatatae_, =126=; =127=

Strake, =303-310=; 267; 282
Canvas, =307-310=; =314=; =316=; 267
Egyptians, 280
Greeks, 281
Short, =306-307=; 267
Washing tin concentrates, =341-343=

Strata, =126=

Streaming, =316-318=

Stringers, =70=; 43; 47; 70
Indication of ore, =106=
Mining method, =128=

Styria, =388=

Subterranean Heat, 46; 595

Suction Pumps, =175-188=

Sulphides, 267; 355

Sulphur, =578-581=; 579; 222
Colour of fumes, =235=
Harmful to metals, =273=
In assaying, =235-238=
In parting gold from copper, =463=; 462
In parting gold from silver, =448-451=; 448; 461
In smelting gold dust, =396=
Roasted from ores, =273=; =276=
Solidified juice, 1

Sulphur "not exposed to the fire," =458=; =463=; 579

Surveyor's Field, =137=; =144=; 142

Surveying, =128-148=; 129
Necessary for miners, =4=
Rod, =137-138=

Suspended Plummet Level (_see_ Plummet Level).

Swiss Compass, =145=; 137

Swiss Surveyors, =145=

_Symposium_, =91=

Tap-hole, =378=; =386=

Tappets, =282=; =319=; 267

Tapping-bar, =381=

Tarshish, Tin Trade, 412

Tartar (Cream of), 220; 234

_Tectum_ (Hangingwall), 101

_Terra sigillata_ (_see_ Lemnian Earth).

"Tests", refining silver in, =483-490=; 465; 484

_Thaler_, 92

Thasos, Mines of, =23=; =95=; 23

_Theamedes_, 115

Theodosian Code.
Mines, 84

Thorns (_see_ Liquation Thorns).

Thuringia.
Roasting pyrites, =276=
Sluices of gold washing, =327=

Tigna (Wall plate), 101

Timbering.
Of ladderways and shafts, =122=; =123=; =124=
Of stopes, =126=
Of tunnels and drifts, =124-125=

Tin, 411-413; 354; 110
Alluvial mining, =336-340=
Assaying ore, =246=
Assaying for silver, =251=
Colour of fumes, =235=
Concentrates, =340-342=; =348-349=
Cornish treatment, 282
Refining, =418-419=
Smelting, =411-420=
Stamp-milling, =312-317=
Streaming, =316-318=
Washing, =298=; =302=; =304=

_Tincar_ or _Tincal_ (_see_ Borax).

Tithe Gatherer, =81=; =95=; =98=; 78

Tithe on Metals, =81=; 82

_Toden Kopff_, 235

_Tofstein_ (_see_ _Tophus_).

Tolfa, La (_see_ La Tolfa).

Tools, =149-153=

_Topfstein_ (_see_ _Tophus_).

_Tophus_, 233; 114; 222
As a flux, =233=; =237=; =390=

Tortures.
With metals, =11=
Without metals, =17=

Touch-needles, =253-260=; 253

Touchstone, =252-253=; 252; 354; 458; 222
Mineral, 114
Uses, =243=; =248=; =447=

Trade-routes.
Salt-deposits influence on, 546

Transport of Ore, =168-169=

Trent, Bishop of.
Charter (1185), 84

Triangles in Surveying, =129-137=

Tripoli, 115

_Trochitis_, =115=; 115

Trolley, =480=; =500=; =514=

Troy.
Lead found in, 391

Troy Weights, 616; 617; 242

Trucks, =156=

Tunnels, =102=; 101
Law, =88-93=
Surveys of, =130-141=
Timbering, =124=

Turin Papyrus, 129; 399

Turn (winze), 101

_Tuteneque_, 409

_Tuttanego_, 409

Tutty, 394

Twitches of the Vein, 101

Twyer, 376

Tye, 267

Type.
_Stibium_ used for, 2; 429

Tyrants.
Inimical to miners, =32=

Tyrolese.
Smelting, =388=; =404=

Ulcers, =214=; 31

_Uncia_ (length), =78=; 616; 78

_Uncia_ (weight), 616; 242

Undercurrents (_see_ Sluices).

United States.
Apex law, 82

_Vectiarii_ (_see_ Windlass Men).

Veins, =43=; =64-69=; =106-107=; 47
Barren, =72=; =107=
Direction of, =54-58=
Drusy, =72=; =73=; =107=
Hardness variable, =117=
Indications, =35-38=
Intersections of, =65=; =66=; =67=; =106=; =107=

_Vena_.
Use of term, 43; 47

_Vena cumulata_, =46=; =49=; =70=; 43; 47
Mining method, =128=
Mining rights, =87=

_Vena dilatata_, =41=; =45=; =53=; =60-61=; 43; 47
Junctions with _vena profunda_, =67=; =68=
Mining method, =126-127=
Mining rights, =83-86=
Washing lead ore from, =347=

_Vena profunda_, =44=; =51=; =60=; =62=; =63=; =68=; =69=; 43; 47
Cross veins, =65=
Functions, =65=; =66=; =67=; =68=
Mining rights, =79-83=

Venetian Glass, 222
Factories, =592=
In assaying, =238=; =245=; =246=
In cupellation, =474=

Venice.
Glass-factories, =592=
Parting with nitric acid, 461
Scale of weights, =263=

Ventilation, =200-212=; =121=
With bellows, =207-210=
With fans, =203-207=
With linen cloths, =210=
With windsails, =200-203=

Verdigris, 440; 1; 110; 222
In cementation, =454=; =457=
Indication of ore, =116=
In making nitric acid, =440=
In parting gold from copper, =464=

Vermilion.
Adulteration with red-lead, 232
Poisonous, =215=

Villacense Lead, =239=; 239

Vinegar.
Use in breaking rocks, =119=; 118
Use in cleansing quicksilver, =426=
Use in roasting matte, =349=
Use in softening ore, =231=

_Virgula divina_ (_see_ Divining Rod).

Vitriol, =571=; 572; 403; 222; 1
In assaying, =237-238=
In cementation, =454=; 454
Indication of copper, =116=
In making nitric acid, =439-440=
In roasted ores, =350=
In _sal artificiosus_, =463=
Native, 111
Native blue, 109
Native white, 113
Red, 274
White, 454

Volcanic Eruptions, 595

Washers, 78

Washing Ore (_see also_ Concentration, Screening Ore, _etc._), =300-310=

Water-Bags, =157-159=; =198=

Water-Buckets, =157-158=

Water-Wheels, =187=; =283=; =286=; =319=

Water-Tank, under Blast Furnaces, =356-357=

Wealth, =7-20=

Wedges, =150=

Weights, =260-264=; 616-617; 242; 253

_Weisser Kis_, 111

_Werckschuh_, 617; 78

Westphalia.
Smelting lead ore, =391=
Spalling ore, =272=

Wheelbarrows, =154=

Whims, =164-167=

White-Lead, 440; 354; 110; 232

White Schist, =234=; =390=; 234; 222

Winding Appliances (_see_ Hauling Appliances).

Windlasses, =160=; =171=; 149

Windlass Men, =160=; 78

Winds.
Greek and Roman names, =58=
Sailors' names, =59=; =60=

Winds (winze), 101

Windsails, =200-203=

Winzes, 102

Wittenberg, Capitulation of, IX.

Wizards.
Divining rods, =40=

Workmen, =98=; =100=

Woughs, 101

_Zaffre_, 112

Zeitz, XI.

Zinc (_see also_ _Cadmia_ _and_ Cobalt).
Historical notes, 408-410; 354
Minerals, 112-113

Zinck (_see_ Zinc).

Zinc Oxides, 113; 354

Zinc Sulphate (_see_ Vitriol).

_Zincum_ (_see_ Zinc).

_Zoll_, 617; 78

Zwickau, VI.

_Zwitter_, 110

INDEX TO PERSONS AND AUTHORITIES.

NOTE.--The numbers in heavy type refer to the Text; those in plain type to the Footnotes, Appendices, etc.

Acosta, Joseph De, 298

Aeschylus.
Amber, 35

Aesculapius.
Love of gold, =9=

Africanus (alchemist), =XXVII=; XXVIII

Agatharchides.
Cupellation, 465
Egyptian gold mining, 279; 391; 399
Fire-setting, 118

Agathocles.
Money, =21=

Agathodaemon (alchemist), =XXVII=; XXVIII

Agricola, Daniel, 606

Agricola, Georg (a preacher at Freiberg), 606

Agricola, Georgius.
Assaying, 220
Biography, V-XVI
Founder of Science, XIV
Geologist, XII; 46; 53
Interest in _Gottsgaab_ mine, VII; 74
Mineralogist, XII; 108; 594
Paracelsus compared with, XIV
Real name, V
Works, Appendix A
See also:
_Bermannus._
_De Animantibus._
_De Natura eorum_, etc.
_De Natura Fossilium._
_De Ortu et Causis._
_De Peste._
_De Precio Metallorum._
_De Re Metallica._
_De Veteribus Metallis._
Etc.

Agricola, Rudolph, 606

Albert the Brave, Duke of Meissen, VIII

Albertus Magnus (Albert von Bollstadt), XXX; 609
Alluvial gold, =76=
Cementation, 460
Metallic arsenic, 111
Metals, 44
Saltpetre, 562
Zinc, 409

Albinus, Petrus, V; 599
Cuntz von Glueck, 24

Alpinus, Prosper, 559

Alyattes, King of Lydia.
Mines owned by, =26=; 27

American Institute of Mining Engineers, 38; 53

Anacharsis.
Invention of bellows, 362

Anacreon of Teos.
Money despised by, =9=; =15=

Anaxagoras.
Money despised by, =15=

Anna, Daughter of Agricola, VII

Anna, Wife of Agricola, VII

Antiphanes.
On wealth, =19=

Apollodorus, 26

Apulejus (alchemist), =XXVII=; XXIX

Archimedes.
King Hiero's crown, =247=
Machines, 149

Ardaillon, Edouard.
Mt. Laurion, 28; 281; 391

Aristippus.
Gold, =9=; =14=

Aristodemus.
Money, =8=

Aristotle, XII; 607
Amber, 35
Athenian mines, 27; 83
Burning springs, 583
Coal, 34
Cupellation, 465
Distillation, 441
Lodestone, 115
Nitrum, 558
Ores of brass, 410
Quicksilver, 432
Silver from forest fires, 36
Theory of ore deposits, 44
Wealth of, =15=

Arnold de Villa Nova. (_see_ Villa Nova, Arnold de).

Athenaeus.
Silver from forest fires, 36

Augurellus, Johannes Aurelius (alchemist), =XXVII=; XXX

Augustinus Pantheus (alchemist), =XXVII=

Augustus, Elector of Saxony, =IX=
Dedication of _De Re Metallica_, =XXV=
Letter to Agricola, =XV=

Avicenna, XXX; 608

Bacon, Roger, XXX; 609
Saltpetre, 460; 562

Badoarius, Franciscus, =XXVII=

Balboa, V. N. de, V

Ballon, Peter, 559

Barba, Alonso, 300; 1

Barbarus, Hermolaus, =XXVII=

Barrett, W. F., 38

Becher, J. J., 53

Bechius, Philip, XV

Beckmann, Johann.
_Alumen_, 565
Amalgamation, 297
_Nitrum_, 559
Parting with nitric acid, 461
Stamp-mills, 281
_Stannum_, 473
Tin, 412

_Bergbuechlein_ (_see_ _Nuetzlich Bergbuechlin_).

_Bergwerks lexicon_, 37; 80; 81

Berman, Lorenz, VI; 597

_Bermannus_, 596; 599; VI
Arsenical minerals, 111
Bismuth, 3; 433
_Cadmia_, 113
Cobalt, 112
Fluorspar, 381
_Molybdaena_, 477
Schist, 234
Shafts, 102
Zinc, 409

Berthelot, M. P. E., 429; 609

Berthier, 492

Bias of Priene.
Wealth, =8=; =14=

Biringuccio, Vannuccio, 614
Agricola indebted to, =XXVII=
Amalgamation of silver ores, 297
Assaying, 220
Assay ton, 242
Brass making, 410
Clarifying nitric acid, 443
Copper refining, 536
Copper smelting, 405
Cupellation, 466
Liquation, 494
Manganese, 586
Parting precious metals, 451; 461; 462
Roasting, 267
Steel making, 420
_Zaffre_, 112

Boeckh, August, 28

Boerhaave, Hermann, XXIX

Borlase, W. C.
Bronze celts, 411

Borlase, William.
Cornish miners in Germany, 283

Born, Ignaz Edler von, 300

Boussingault, J. B., 454

Boyle, Robert.
Divining rod, 38

Brough, Bennett, 129

Bruce, J. C., 392

Brunswick, Duke Henry of (_see_ Henry, Duke of Brunswick).

Budaeus, William (Guillaume Bude), 461; 606

Cadmus, 27

Calbus (_see also_ _Nuetzlich Bergbuechlin_), 610; =XXVI=; XXVII
Alluvial gold, =75=

Caligula.
Gold from _auripigmentum_, 111

Callides (alchemist), =XXVII=; XXVIII

Callimachus.
On wealth, =19=

Camerarius, =VIII=

Canides (alchemist), =XXVII=; XXVIII

Carew, Richard.
Cornish mining law, 85
Cornish ore-dressing, 282

Carlyle, W. A.
Ancient Rio Tinto smelting, 405

Carne, Joseph.
Cornish cardinal points, 57

Casibrotius, Leonardus, VI

_Castigationes in Hippocratem et Galenum_, 605

Castro, John de, 570

Chabas, F. J., 129

Chaloner, Thomas, 570

Chanes (alchemist), =XXVII=; XXVIII

Charles V. of Spain, =IX=
Agricola sent on mission to, =X=

Chevreul, M. E., 38

_Chronik der Stadt Freiberg_, 606

Cicero.
Divining rod, 38
Wealth of, =15=

Cincinnatus L. Quintius, =23=

Circe.
Magic rod, =40=

Cleopatra.
As an alchemist, =XXVII=; XXIX

Collins, A. L. 119

Columbus, Christopher, V

Columella, Moderatus, =XXV=; =XXVI=

Comerius, =XXVII=; XXIX

_Commentariorum ... Libri VI._, 604

Conrad (Graf Cuntz von Glueck), =23=; 24

Corduba, Don Juan De, 300

Cortes, Hernando, =V=

Cramer, John, 236

Crassus, Marcus.
Love of gold, =9=

Crates, the Theban.
Money despised by, =15=

Croesus, King of Lydia.
Mines owned by, =26=; 27

Ctesias.
Divining rod, 38

Ctesibius.
Machines, 149

Curio, Claudius.
Love of gold, =9=

Curius, Marcus.
Gold of Samnites, =9=; =15=

Dana, J. D., 108
Alum, 566
Copiapite, 574
Emery, 115
Lemnian earth, 31
Minerals of Agricola, 594
Zinc vitriol, 572

Danae.
Jove and, =10=

D'Arcet, J.
Parting with sulphuric acid, 462

Day, St. John V.
Ancient steel making, 423

_De Animantibus Subterraneis_, 597; =VII=
Editions, 600
Gnomes, =217=; 217

_De Bello adversus Turcam_, 605

_De Inventione Dialectica_, 606

_De Jure et Legibus Metallicis_, =100=; 604

_De Medicatis Fontibus_, 605

_De Mensuris et Ponderibus_, 597
Editions, 599
Weights and measures, =263=; 78

_De Metallis et Machinis_, 604

Democritus (alchemist), =XXVII=; XXVIII

Demosthenes.
Mt. Laurion mines, 27; 83

_De Natura eorum quae Effluunt ex Terra_, 598; =32=
Dedication, VII
Editions, 600

_De Natura Fossilium_, 594; 600; III; XII
Alum, 565
Amber, 35
Antimony, 429
Argol, 234
Arsenical minerals, 111
Asbestos, 440
Bismuth, 110
Bitumen, 581
Borax, 560
Brass making, 410
_Cadmia_, 113
_Caldarium_ copper, 511
Camphor, 238
_Chrysocolla_, 584
Coal, 35
Cobalt, 112
Copper flowers, 539; 233
Copper scales, 233
Crinoid stems, 115
Emery, 115
Fluorspar, 380
Goslar ores, 273
Goslar smelting, 408
Iron ores, 111
Iron smelting, 420
Jet, 34
_Lapis judaicus_, 115
Lead minerals, 110
Mannsfeld ores, 273
_Melanteria_, 573
Mineral Kingdom, 1
_Misy_, 573
_Molybdaena_, 476
Native metals, 108
Petroleum, 581
_Pompholyx_, 114; 278
Pyrites, 112
Quicksilver, 110
_Rudis_ minerals, 108
Sal-ammoniac, 560
Silver glance, 109
_Sory_, 573
_Spodos_, 114
_Stannum_, 473
Stones which easily melt, 380
Sulphur, 578
_Tophus_, 233
Touchstone, 253
White schist, 234
Zinc, 409

_De Ortu et Causis Subterraneorum_, 594; 600; III; VII; XII; XIII
Earths, 48
Gangue minerals, 48
Gold in alluvial, =76=
Ground waters, 48
Juices, 52
Metals, 51
Solidified juices, 49
Stones, 49
Touchstone, 253
Veins, 47

_De Ortu Metallorum Defensio ad J. Scheckium_, 604

_De Peste_, 605; VIII

_De Precio Metallorum et Monetis_, 597; 600
Mention by Agricola, =252=; =263=

_De Putredine solidas partes_, etc., 605

_De Re Metallica_, I; XIII; XIV-XVI
Editions, 600; XIV
Title page, =XIX=

De Soto, Fernandes, V

_De Terrae Motu_, 604

_De Varia temperie sive Constitutione Aeris_, 604

_De Veteribus et Novis Metallis_, 597; 600; VII; =XXVI=; 5
Agricola's training, VI
Conrad, 24
Discovery of mines, =36=; 5; 37
_Gottsgaab_ mine, 74

Devoz (de Voz), Cornelius, 570; 283

Diodorus Siculus, 607
Alum, 566
Bitumen, 582
Cupellation, 465
Drainage of Spanish mines, 149
Egyptian gold mining, 279
Fire-setting, 118
Lead, 391
Silver from forest fires, =36=
Tin, 412

Diogenes Laertius, 7; 9; 10