Chapter I: Part 1

[Transcriber's Note:

This text is intended for users whose text readers cannot use the "real" (Unicode/UTF-8) version. A few letters such as "oe" have been unpacked, and curly quotes and apostrophes have been replaced with the simpler "typewriter" form.

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Early English Text Society.

EXTRA SERIES, LXXIX.

Dialogues in French and English.

BY WILLIAM CAXTON.

(Adapted from a Fourteenth-Century Book of Dialogues
in French and Flemish.)

EDITED FROM CAXTON'S PRINTED TEXT (ABOUT 1483), WITH
INTRODUCTION, NOTES, AND WORD-LISTS,

BY

HENRY BRADLEY, M.A.,

_Joint-Editor of the New English Dictionary._

LONDON:
PUBLISHED FOR THE EARLY ENGLISH TEXT SOCIETY,
BY KEGAN PAUL, TRENCH, TRÜBNER & CO., Ltd.

PATERNOSTER HOUSE, CHARING CROSS ROAD.

MDCCCC.

_Price Ten Shillings._

BERLIN: ASHER & CO., 13, UNTER DEN LINDEN.
NEW YORK: C. SCRIBNER & CO.; LEYPOLDT & HOLT.
PHILADELPHIA: J. B. LIPPINCOTT & CO.

Dialogues in French and English.

BY WILLIAM CAXTON.

(Adapted from a Fourteenth-Century Book of Dialogues
in French and Flemish.)

EDITED FROM CAXTON'S PRINTED TEXT (ABOUT 1483), WITH
INTRODUCTION, NOTES, AND WORD-LISTS,

BY

HENRY BRADLEY, M.A.,
_Joint-Editor of the New English Dictionary._

LONDON:
PUBLISHED FOR THE EARLY ENGLISH TEXT SOCIETY,
BY KEGAN PAUL, TRENCH, TRÜBNER & CO., Ltd.

PATERNOSTER HOUSE, CHARING CROSS ROAD.
M DCCCC.

Extra Series, No. LXXIX.

OXFORD: HORACE HART, M.A., PRINTER TO THE UNIVERSITY.

INTRODUCTION.

The work now for the first time reprinted from Caxton's original edition has been preserved in three copies. One of these is in the Library of Ripon Cathedral, another in the Spencer Library, now at Manchester, and the third at Bamborough Castle. A small fragment, consisting of pp. 17-18 and 27-28, is in the Bodleian Library. The text of the present edition is taken from the Ripon copy. I have not had an opportunity of seeing this myself; but a type-written transcript was supplied to me by Mr. John Whitham, Chapter Clerk of Ripon Cathedral, and the proofs were collated with the Ripon book by the Rev. Dr. Fowler, Vice-Principal of Bishop Hatfield's Hall, Durham, who was kind enough to re-examine every passage in which I suspected a possible inaccuracy. It is therefore reasonable to hope that the present reprint will be found to be a strictly faithful representation of the original edition.

The earlier bibliographers gave to the book the entirely inappropriate title of 'Instructions for Travellers.' Mr. Blades is nearer the mark in calling it 'A Vocabulary in French and English,' but, as it consists chiefly of a collection of colloquial phrases and dialogues, the designation adopted in the present edition appears to be preferable. As in other printed works of the same period, there is no title-page in the original edition, so that a modern editor is at liberty to give to the book whatever name may most accurately describe its character. The name of Caxton does not occur in the colophon, which merely states that the work was printed at Westminster; but the authorship is sufficiently certain from internal evidence. On the ground of the form of type employed, Mr. Blades inferred that the book was printed about 1483. However this may be, there are, as will be shown, decisive reasons for believing that it was written at a much earlier period.

A fact which has hitherto escaped notice is that Caxton's book is essentially an adaptation of a collection of phrases and dialogues in French and Flemish, of which an edition was published by Michelant in 1875[1], from a MS. in the Bibliothèque Nationale.

[Footnote 1: _Le Livre des Mestiers: Dialogues français-flamands
composés au XIV^e siècle par un maître d'école de la ville de
Bruges_. Paris: Librairie Tross.]

The text of Caxton's original cannot, indeed, have been precisely identical with that of the MS. used by Michelant. It contained many passages which are wanting in the Paris MS., and in some instances had obviously preferable readings. Caxton's English sentences are very often servile translations from the Flemish, and he sometimes falls into the use of Flemish words and idioms in such a way as to show that his long residence abroad had impaired his familiarity with his native language. The French _respaulme cet hanap_, for instance, is rendered by 'spoylle the cup.' Of course the English verb _spoylle_ never meant 'to rinse'; Caxton was misled by the sound of the Flemish _spoel_. Caxton's 'after the house,' as a translation of _aual la maison_ (throughout the house), is explicable only by a reference to the Flemish version, which has _achter huse_. The verb _formaketh_, which has not elsewhere been found in English, is an adoption of the Flemish _vermaect_ (repairs). Another Flemicism is Caxton's _whiler_ (= while ere) for 'some time ago,' in Flemish _wilen eer_. It is still more curious to find Caxton writing 'it _en_ is not,' instead of 'it is not'; this _en_ is the particle prefixed in Flemish to the verb of a negative sentence. As is well known, Caxton's translation of 'Reynard the Fox' exhibits many phenomena of a similar kind. From all the circumstances, we may perhaps conclude that Caxton, while still resident in Bruges, added an English column to his copy of the French-Flemish phrase-book, rather as a sort of exercise than with any view to publication, and that he handed it over to his compositors at Westminster without taking the trouble to subject it to any material revision.

The original work contains so many references to the city of Bruges that it is impossible to doubt that it was compiled there. According to Michelant, the Paris MS. was written in the first half of the fourteenth century. The MS. used by Caxton must itself have been written not later than the second decade of the fifteenth century; unless, indeed, it was an unaltered transcript from an older MS. The evidence on which this conclusion is based is somewhat curious. Caxton's text contains two passages in which the pope is spoken of as still resident at Avignon. Now the 'Babylonish captivity' of the popes ended in 1378; and, even if we suppose that at Bruges the Avignon anti-popes were recognized by some persons to the very last, the latest date at which these passages could have been written is the year 1417. It is not easy to understand how it was possible for Caxton to leave uncorrected these references to a state of things which he must have known had long ceased to exist. The only explanation of the fact seems to be that, as has been suggested above, he sent his many years old MS. to the press without going over it again. It may be remarked that one of the Avignon passages does not occur in the text as printed by Michelant. As it would be absurd to suppose that it was introduced by Caxton himself, the inference is clear that his copy of the original work was fuller than that contained in the Paris MS. Probably Caxton may have added a few lines here and there--the mention of certain English towns and fairs on pp. 18-19, and that of English bishoprics on p. 23, for instance, were most likely inserted by him. But by far the greatest portion of the matter which is peculiar to Caxton's form of the dialogues may be confidently ascribed to his original, on account of the frequent occurrence of passages in which, while the French is quite correct, the English translation shows imperfect understanding of the sense.

One of the most remarkable differences between Caxton's form of the dialogues and that which is preserved in the Paris MS. consists in the transposition of several of the sections in that portion of the work to which the title 'Le Livre des Mestiers' is most properly applicable (pp. 24-44 of Caxton's edition). In both versions the sections in this portion are arranged in the alphabetical order of the Christian names of the persons referred to; but the names connected with particular employments are not always the same in the two versions. Thus in Michelant the bowyer is called Filbert, in Caxton he is Guillebert; in Michelant the carpenter is Henri, in Caxton Lambert; in Michelant the tiler is Martin, in Caxton Lamfroy; and so on. The resulting transpositions render it somewhat difficult at first sight to perceive the substantial identity of the matter in the two books. If an editor wished to print Caxton's text and that of the Paris MS. in parallel columns, he would need to have recourse to the ingenious device adopted by Professor Skeat in the Clarendon Press edition of the three recensions of _Piers Plowman_; that is to say, all the sections in which the names have been altered would have to be given twice over in each column--with large print where they occur in their alphabetical place, and with small print opposite to the corresponding sections in the other text. It is hard to see why the person who made the later version followed by Caxton should have taken the trouble to alter the names and re-arrange the material in the new alphabetical order. One might almost suspect that the names were those of actual tradesmen in Bruges, and that the alterations represent changes that had taken place between the earlier and the later edition of the book.

The French of the Paris MS. is the Picard dialect of the former half of the fourteenth century. The French of Caxton's book retains many of the original north-eastern forms, but is to a considerable extent modernized and assimilated to the literary language of a later period. Such 'etymological' spellings as _recepueur_, _debuoit_, are common in Caxton's text, but rarely occur in Michelant. The following comparative specimen of the two versions will afford some notion of the orthographical and grammatical differences between them, and also of the degree in which Caxton's English was influenced by his Flemish original.

MICHELANT.
CAXTON.

Pierres le bateur a l'arket
Pietre de coutenslaerre
Pyere le bateure de laine
Peter the betar of wulle

Va tout useus,
Gaet al ledich,
Va tout oyseux,
Gooth alle ydle,

Car ses doiiens
Want siin deken
Car son doyen
For his dene

Li ha desfendu son mestier
Heeft hem verboden sin ambocht
Lui a deffendu son mestier
Hath forboden hym hys craft

Sur l'amende de xx. sauls,
Up de boete van xx. scelle,
Sour l'amende de vingt solz,
Vpon thamendes of xx. shelyngs,

Dusqu' a dont qu'il aura
Tote dien dat hi sal hebben
Jusques a dont quil aura
Till that he shall haue

Achaté le franchise.
Ghecocht sine vrihede.
Achatte sa franchise.
Bought his franchyse.

Il s'en plaindra
Hi sals hem beclaghen
Il sen plaindra
He shall complaine hym

Au bourghmaistre,
Den buerghmeestre,
Au burchmaistre,
Unto bourghmaistre,

Et li doiiens, ne si jurei
Ende de dekene no sine gheswoerne
Et les gardiens des mestiers
And the wardeyns of the crafte

N'en font conte.
Ne micken niet.
Nen font compte.
sette not therby.

Pol li cuveliers
Pauwels de cupre
Poul le cuuelier
Poule the couper

Fait et refait cuves,
Maect ende vermaect cupen,
Faict et refaict les cuues,
Maketh and formaketh the keupis,

Cuviers et tonniaux,
Cupekine ende vaten,
tonniaulx, vaissiaux
Barellis, vassellis

Chercles et tonnelets
Houpen ende tonnekine.
Courans et gouttans.
Lekyng and droppyng.

Il ont doilloires, wembelkins,
Si hebben paerden, spikelboren,

Forets, tareales, et planes.
Foretten, navegheeren ende scaven.

Paulins le mesureur de blé
Pauwelin de corenmetere
Paulin le mesureur de bled
Paulyn the metar of corne

A si longement mesuret,
Heeft so langhe ghemeten.
A tant mesure
Hath so moche moten

De bled et de mestelon
Of corne and of mestelyn,

Qu'il ne puet plus
Dat hi mach nemmeer
Quil ne peult plus
That he may no more

Par che grande villeche;
Mit sire groter outheide;
de viellesse;
for age;

Car il est tout kenus.
Want hi es al calv.
Il est tout gryse.
He is alle graye.

Il donna [_sic_] a chescun sa mesure.
He gyueth to euerich his mesure.

Pirote, si filleulle,
Pierote, siin dochterkine,
Pieronne sa filleule
Pieryne his doughter

Est la pire garche
Es die quaetste dierne
Est la pieure grace
Is the shrewest ghyrle

Que je sache
Die ic weet
Que ie sache
That I knowe

Dechà mer, ne delà.
An disside der zee, no an ghene zide.
de cha la mere.
on this side the see.

Quintins li tonliers
Quintin de tolnare
Quintin le tollenier
Quyntyne the tollar

A pris de mi
Heeft ghenomen van mi
A pris de moy
Hath taken of me

Une lb. de gros
1 lb. grot
Vng liure de gros
A pound of grotes

Plus qu'il ne devoit;
Meer dan hi sculdich was;
Plus quil ne debuoit prendre
More than he ought to take

Du droit tonlieu;
Of right tolle.

Si m'en trairai
Zo dat ic sal trucken
Sy me trayeray
So shall I drawe me

Au recheveur
Vor den ontfanghere
Au recepueur
Vnto the receyuour

Pour faire me plainte,
Omme te doene mine claghe

Et pour men droit requerre.
Ende omne min recht te versoukene.
Pour men droit requerre.
For my right to requyre.

In the present edition Caxton's text has been literally reproduced, except that obvious misprints are corrected (the original readings being given in the marginal notes[1]), and that modern punctuation has been added for the sake of intelligibility. Where Caxton leaves a space for an illuminated initial (a small letter being printed in the middle to serve as a guide) I have used a large capital. The List of English Words at the end is intended to contain all the words that require any explanation, or are on any account noteworthy. The List of French Words, which I was unable to prepare on account of ill-health, has been compiled by Mr. Henry Littlehales.

HENRY BRADLEY.

[Footnote 1: Misprints affecting only the word-division, however,
have been corrected without remark.]

NOTES.

3^17. This corresponds with the beginning of the French-Flemish dialogues printed by Michelant. The preceding table of contents may have been added by Caxton himself.

3^32-4^7. Not in Michelant.

4^8. The French should no doubt read _quil y ait_, as in Michelant, but Caxton translates the erroneous reading.

8^36. There is some mistake here. Michelant's text has _cavecheul_, bed's head.

8^39-10^6. Michelant's text is here quite different, enumerating the parts of the body and the articles necessary for the toilet.

13^19. _Confite_ is a misreading on Caxton's part for _confire_, comfrey; Michelant has the right word.

15^31. _Sera_ should be _fera_, as in Michelant; the sense is 'the abatement which you will make will cause it to be sold.' Caxton attempts to translate the erroneous reading _sera_, but his translation makes no sense.

16^1-17^19. This interesting portion of the dialogue is not in Michelant.

18^18. _It en is not_ = Flemish _het en es niet_. Evidently when this was written Caxton had become more familiar with Flemish than with his native language.

18^26-19^10. The names of English towns in this list are added by Caxton.

22^14-25^9. The enumeration of ecclesiastical and civil dignitaries is much more full here than in Michelant's text, but it is probable that Caxton had before him an amplified copy of the original work, as the mention of the pope's residence at Avignon obviously cannot have been inserted by him. The names of English bishoprics, however, are most likely added by Caxton.

24^6. _Bogars_ in the French column (rendered by _lewd freris_, i.e. lay brothers) appears to be a mistake for _Begars_, Beghards.

26^37. _Spoylle the cuppe._ Another proof that Caxton had forgotten his English. The Flemish is _spoel den nap_, 'rinse the cup'; the English _spoil_ of course never had the sense 'to rinse.'

29^12. _Byledyng_ is an attempt at literal interpretation of the French _deduit_, delight.

29^13. _Serouge (serourge)_ is properly 'brother-in-law'; it is not clear whether Caxton's rendering _cosen alyed_ is a mistranslation, or whether the French word was used at Bruges in the extended sense.

30^4-6. This reference to the truce between the English and the Scots is not, as might perhaps be thought, an insertion by Caxton. Michelant considers the truce in question to be that of the year 1340.

30^30-33. Michelant's text omits these lines, to the manifest injury of the sense.

35^23-25. Caxton seems here to have found his MS. illegible: Michelant's text has 'Fremius [? read _Fremins_] ses voisins Dist qu'el vault bien son argent.'

37^8-30. This emphatic praise of the writer's craft is not in Michelant; probably it expresses Caxton's own sentiments.

38^36. _Enprintees_, which Caxton amazingly renders 'enprinted,' is doubtless a mistake for _enpruntes_, borrowed. The occurrence of this mistake shows that the passage must have been in Caxton's original, though it is not in Michelant's text. Caxton's account of the bookseller's stock is much fuller than that in Michelant, but apparently this is not due, as might naturally be supposed, to his own interest in the subject.

44^17. _Formaketh_, literally adopted from the Flemish _vermaect_, repairs.

44^26. _Filleule_ is god-daughter, not 'daughter.' The Flemish has _dochterkine_, which, though literally = 'little daughter,' was used for 'god-daughter.'

46^1. It is curious that the names beginning with S and T, which appear in Michelant, are omitted by Caxton. Possibly a leaf was missing in his original.

50^22. From this line to the end seems to be an addition by Caxton.

[CAXTON'S DIALOGUES]

[Or 'A Book for Travellers,' _Typ. Ant._ i. 315: or
'A Vocabulary,' Blades, ii. 133.]

[TABLE OF CONTENTS.]

FRENSSHE.
ENGLISSH.

[Sidenote: P. 1.]

CY commence la table
HIER begynneth the table
De cest prouffytable doctrine,
Of this prouffytable lernynge,
Pour trouuer tout par ordene
For to fynde all by ordre
Ce que on vouldra aprendre.
That whiche men wylle lerne. 4

[PAGE]

Premierment, linuocacion de la
trinite; 3
Fyrst, the callyng of the trinite;
Comment on doibt chescun saluer; 4
How every man ought grete othir;
Les meubles aual la mayson; 6
The catayllys langyng to the house; 8
Les noms des chars & de beestes[1]; 10
The names of flessh and of bestis;

[Footnote 1: beestis]

Et doysiaulz priues & sauuages; 10
And of byrdes tame and wylde;
Les noms des poyssons de mer; 11
The names of fysshes of the see;
Et des poyssons des Ryuiers; 12
And of fysshes of the Riuers; 12
Les noms de compenaiges; 12
The names of whyte mete;
Les noms des fruis darbres; 13
The names of the fruytes of trees;
Les noms des pluiseurs arbres; 13
The names of diuerse trees;
Les noms des potages; 13
The names of potages; 16
Les noms des co{m}muns beuurages; 14
The names of comyn drynkes;
La marchandyse des draps 14
The marchandise of clothe
Des diuerses villes et festes; 18
Of diuerse tounes and fayres;
Les marchandises des laines; 19
The marchandyse of wulle; 20
Les noms des cuyrs & des peaulx; 19
The names of hydes and of skynnes;
Les noms des apotecaires; 19
The names of the apotecaries;
Les noms des Oyles, 20
The names of Oyles,
Des coleurs des paintres; 20
Of the colours of paynters; 24
Les noms des crasseries, 20
The names of coriars,
Des aluns et daultres tainctures; 20
Of alume and of othir colours;
Les noms des tous metauls; 21
The names of all metals;
Les noms des merceries; 21
The names of merceryes; 28
[[2]]
Les noms des pluiseurs graines; 22
The names of diuerse graynes;
Des prelats de saincte eglyse, 22
Of the prelates of holy chirche,
Du pape, cardinaulz, euesques, 22
Of the pope, cardinals, bisshops,
Archeuesques, abbes, et officiaulx, 23
Archebisshops, abbotes, and officials, 4
Des moynes et gens de lordene; 23
Of monkes and folke of ordre;
De lempereur, roys, et roynes, 22
Of themperour, kynges, and quenes,
Des ducs, countes, et princes, 24
Of dukes, erles, and princes,
Barons, cheualiers, escuyers; 24
Barons, knyghtes, and squyers; 8
Les noms dhommes et des femmes, 25
The names of men and of wymmen,
Et des mestiers, selon lordre de
a b c; 26
And of craftes, after thordre of
a b c;
Les grandes festes et termes de
lan; 28
The grete festes and termes of the
yere; 12
Des orfeures, tisserans, & foulons[1], 31
Of goldsmythes, weuers, and fullers,

[Footnote 1: foulous]

Tondeurs, pigneresses, fileresses; 32
Sheremen, kempsters, spynsters;
Des lormiers et armurers, 33
Of bridelmakers and armorers, 16

[Sidenote: P. 2.]

Des tailliers & Vieswariers, 34
Of tayllours and vpholdsters,
Des taincturiers[2] & drappiers, 35
Of dyers and drapers,

[Footnote 2: taiuc-]

Des boulengiers & cordewaniers, 35
Of bakers and shoomakers,
Des escripuains & arceniers, 36
Of skriueners and boumakers, 20
Des moulniers & bouchiers, 37
Of mylnars and bochiers,
Des poissonners & teliers, 38
Of fysshmongers and of lynweuers,
Des chaudeliers[3] & libraries, 38
Of ketelmakers and librariers,

[Footnote 3: chan-]

Des gauntiers & corbelliers, 40, 38
Of glouers and of maundemakers, 24
Des painturers & vsuriers, 39
Of paintours and vsuriers,
Des couureurs de tieulles & destrain, 40
Of tylers and thatchers,
Des charpentiers & feultriers, 39
Of carpenters and hatmakers,
Des chauetiers et boursiers, 41
Of cobelers and pursers, 28
Des cousturiers et especiers, 42
Of shepsters and spycers,
Des coultiers et hosteliers, 42
Of brokers and hosteliers,
Des touriers et cuueliers, 43
Of kepars of prisons and coupers,
Des mesuriers et messagiers, 44
Of metars and messagiers, 32
Des chartons et changiers, 45
Of carters and chaungers,
Des mo{n}noyers et pastesiers, 45
Of myntemakers and pybakers,
Des jougleurs & teneurs, 46
Of pleyers and tawyers,
Des vairriers et serruriers, 46
Of makers of greywerke and lokyers, 36
Des gorliers et huchiers, 46
Of gorelmakers and joyners,
Des parcenniers; 47
Of parchemyn makers;
Et les parolles que chescun 49
And the wordes that eueryche
Pourra apprendre pour aler
May lerne for to goo 40

[[3]] [Headnote: CONTENTS. OBJECT OF THE BOOK. PROLOGUE.]

Dun pays au ville a aultre; 49
Fro one lande or toune to anothir;
Et plus aultres raysons
And moo othir resons
Que seroyent trop longues
That shold be over longe
De mettre en cest table.
To sette in this table. 4
En la fin de cest doctrine 50
In the ende of this doctrine
Trouueres[1] la maniere
Shall ye fynde the manere

[Footnote 1: Trouuerers]

Pour aprendre acompter 51
For to lerne rekene
Par liures, par soulz, par deniers.
By poundes, by shelynges, by pens. 8
Vostre recepte et vostre myse
Your recyte and your gyuing oute
Raportes tout en somme.
Brynge it all in somme.
Faittes diligence daprendre.
Doo diligence for to lerne.
Fuyes oyseusete, petyz et grandes,
Flee ydlenes, smal and grete, 12
Car tous vices en so{u}nt sourdans.
For all vices springen therof.
Tres bonne doctrine
Ryght good lernyng
Pour aprendre
For to lerne
Briefment fransoys et engloys.
Shortly frenssh and englyssh. 16

[Sidenote: P. 3.]

++OV nom du pere,
In the name of the fadre,
Et du filz,
And of the soone,
Et du sainte esperite,
And of the holy ghoost,
Veul commencier
I wyll begynne 20
Et ordonner ung livre,
And ordeyne this book,
Par le quel on pourra
By the whiche men shall mowe
Roysonnablement entendre
Resonably vnderstande
Fransoys et engloys,
Frenssh and englissh, 24
Du tant co{m}me cest escript
Of as moche as this writing
Pourra contenir et estendre;
Shall conteyne and stratche;
Car il ne peult tout comprendre;
For he may not alle comprise;
Mais ce quon ny trouuera
But that which can not be founden 28
Declaire en cestui
Declared in this
Pourra on trouuer ailleurs,
Shall be founde somwhere els,
En aultres liures.
In othir bookes.
Mais sachies pour voir
But knowe for trouthe 32
Que es lignes de cest aucteur
That in the lynes of this auctour
Sount plus de parolles et de raysons
Ben moo wordes and reasons
Comprinses, et de responses,
Comprised, and of ansuers,
Que[2] en moult daultres liures.
Than in many othir bookes. 36

[Footnote 2: Qne]

Qui ceste liure vouldra aprendre
Who this booke shall wylle lerne
Bien pourra entreprendre
May well entreprise or take on honde

[[4]] [Headnote: THIS IS A TRADER'S HANDBOOK. HOW TO SALUTE FOLK.]

Marchandises dun pays a lautre,
Marchandises fro one land to anothir,
Et cognoistre maintes denrees
And to knowe many wares
Que[1] lui seroient bon achetes
Which to hym shalbe good to be bou[gh]t 4
Ou vendues pour riche deuenir.
Or solde for riche to become.

[Footnote 1: Qne]

Aprendes ce liure diligement;
Lerne this book diligently;
Grande prouffyt y gyst vrayement.
Grete prouffyt lieth therin truly.

[Sidenote: [CH. I.]]

++OR scaues quil affiert
++NOw knowe what behoueth 8
Quil ait du tout vne partie.
That he haue of alle a partie.
Quand vous alles par les rues,
Whan ye goo by the streetes,
Et vous encountres aulcuns
And ye mete ony
Que vous cognossies,
That ye knowe, 12
Ou[2] quilz soyent de vostre
Or that they be of your
cognoissa{u}nce,
knowelech,

[Footnote 2: On]

Soyes ysnel et apparaillies
Be swyft and redy
De luy ou deulx premier saluer,
Hym or hem first to grete, 16
Sil est ou sils so{u}nt hommes de valeur.
Yf he be or they be men of valure.
Ostes vostre chappron
Doo of your hood
Pour dames & damoysellys;
For ladies and damoyselles;
Se ilz ostent leur chaperon,
Yf they doo of their hood, 20
Sy le remettes de vous mayns.
So sette it on agayn with your ha{n}dis.
En telle maniere
In such manere

[Sidenote: P. 4.]

Les poes saluer:
May ye salewe them:
"Sire, dieu vous garde!"
"Syre, god you kepe!" 24
Cest le plus bryef
That is the shortest
Que on puise dyre
That one may saye
Aux gens en saluant.
To the peple in salewyng.
Ou, en aultres vsages:--
Or, in othir vsages:-- 28
"Syre, vous soyes bien venus."
"Sire, ye be welcome."
"Vous, dame ou damoyselle,
"Ye, lady or damoyselle,
Vous soyes la bien venu."
Ye ben welcome."
"Sire, dieu vous doinst bon jour."
"Syre, god gyue you good daye." 32
"Dame, bon jour vous doinst no{st}re
"Dame, good daye giue you our
sire."
lord."
"Compaignon ou amye,
"Felawe or frende,
Vous soies le bien venus."
Ye be welcome." 36
"Que faictes vous? comment vous
"What do ye? how is it with
est?"
you?"
"Bien; que bien vous aies."
"Well; that well mote ye haue."
"Ou aues este si longement?
"Where haue ye ben so longe? 40

[[5]] [Headnote: SALUTATIONS. HOW TO TAKE LEAVE OF FOLK.]

Je ne vous vey piecha."
I haue not seen you in longe tyme."
"Jay este longement hors du pays."
"I haue ben longe out of the contre."
"En quel pays?"
"In what contre?"
"Sire, ce seroit
"Syre, that shold be 4
Trop a racompter;
Ouermoche for to telle;
Mais sil vous plaist aulcune chose
But if you plaise ony thyng
Que ie puisse fayre,
That I may doo,
Commandes le moy
Commaunde it me 8
Comme a celuy
As to hym
Qui volentiers le feroit."
That gladly shall doo it."
"Sire, grand mercy
"Syre, gramercy
De vous courtoyses parolles
Of your courtoys wordes 12
Et de vostre bonne volente;
And of your good wyll;
Dieu le vous mire!"
God reward you!"
"Dieu le me laisse deseruyr!
"God late me deserue it!
Sachies certainement[1]
Knowe ye certaynely 16
Que vous ne y estes
That ye be not
Point engaignies[2],
Nothyng deceyued[5],

[Footnote 1: certaineint]

[Footnote 2: eugaignies]

[Footnote 5: deceyned]

Car ce vous feroye ie,
For that wold I doo
Pour vous et pour les vostres.
For you and for youris. 20
+A dieu vous comande.
+To god I you commaunde.
Je prenge congie[3] a vous."
I take leue of you."

[Footnote 3: cougie]

Respondes ainsi:
Ansuere thus:
"Nostre sire vous conduyse!"
"Our lorde conduyte you!" 24
"A dieu soyes vous comandes!"
"To god mote ye be commaunded!"
"Dieu vous ait en sa sainte garde!"
"God you haue in his holy kepyng!"

[Sidenote: P. 5.]

"Allez a dieu[4].
"Goo ye to god.

[Footnote 4: dien]

Salues moy la dame
Grete me the lady 28
(Ou la damoyselle)
(Or the damyselle)
De vostre mayson
Of your house
(Ou de vostre hostel),
(Or of your heberow),
Vostre femme, vous enfans,
Your wyf, your children, 32
Vostre mary,
Your husbonde,
Vostre fyltz et vous filles,
Your sones and your doughtres,
Toute vostre maisnye.
Alle your meyne.
Si me recomandes
Also recommaunde me 36
A mon seigneur,
To my lorde,
A mes damoyseauls,
To my yong lordes,
A ma dame,
To my lady,
A ma damoyselle,
To my yong lady, 40

[[6]] [Headnote: TAKING LEAVE. WINDOWS, BEDS AND BEDDING.]

A vostre pere et a vostre mere,
To your fadre and to your modre,
A vostre tayon et a vostre taye,
To your belfadre & to your beldame,
A vostre oncle et a vostre aunte,
To your eme & to your aunte,
A vostre cosyns et a vostre cosynes,
To your cosyns and to your nieces, 4
A vous cousyns germains,
To your cosyns germayns,
A vostre nepheux & a vostre nieces,
To your neueus & to your nieces,
Qui sont enfans de vostre frere
Whiche ben children of your brother
Ou de vostre soeur.
Or of your suster. 8
Vous freres, vous soeurs,
Your brethern, your sustres,
Ne loublies mye."
Forgete them not."
"Je le vous feray voulentiers.
"I shal do it for you gladly.
A dieu vous command."
To god I commaunde you." 12
"Or alles a dieu."
"Now goo to god."
Cy finent les salutations
Thus enden the salutations
Et les responses.
And the ansueris.

[Sidenote: [CH. II.]]

++OR mestoet auant parler
++NOw standeth me for to speke 16
Daultres choses necessaires:
Of othir thynges necessarie:
Cest a sauoyr des besongnes
That is to saye of thinges
Que on vse aual le maison,
That ben vsed after the hous,
De quoy on ne peult synon.
Of whiche me may not be withoute. 20
De la maison premiers diray,
Of the hous first I shall saye,
En auenture, se besoing est.
On auenture, if it be to doo.
+La maison bien ordonne
+The hous well ordeyned
Doybt estre bien fenestree
Ought to be well wyndowed 24
De pluiseurs fenestres
Of diverse wyndowes
Par quoy il ait grand clarte.
By which it haue grete light.
Il y affiert aux chambres
Hit behoueth to the chambres
Solliers, greniers.
Loftes and garettis. 28

[Sidenote: [CH. III.]]

[Sidenote: P. 6.]

++QVi vin veult maintenier
++WHo wyne wyll mayntene
Conuient auoir chielliers
Behoueth to haue selers
Et vne basse chambre
And a lowe chambre
Pour prendre aisement.
For to take his easement. 32
+Ores vous conuient avoir lits;
+Now must ye haue beddes;
Lyts des plummes;
Beddes of fetheris;
Pour les poures suz gesir,
For the poure to lye on,
Lyts de bourre;
Beddes of flockes; 36
Sarges, tapites,
Sarges, tapytes,
Kieultes poyntes
Quiltes paynted
Pour les lits couurir;
For the beddes to couere;
Couuertoyrs ainsi;
Couerlettes also; 40

[[7]] [Headnote: BED-FURNITURE, POTS AND PANS, CANS AND BOTTLES.]

Bankers qui sont beaulx;
Bankers that ben fayr;
Dessoubs le lite vng calys;
Under the bedde a chalon;
Estrain dedens;
Strawe therin;
Bancs, chaiers,
Benches, chayers, 4
Lesons, selles;
Lystes, stoles;
Pots de keuure, chaudrens,
Pottes of coppre, kawdrons,
Chaudiers, paiels,
Ketellis, pannes,
Bachins, lauoirs,
Basyns, lauours, 8
Pots de terre,
Pottes of erthe,
Cannes de terre
Cannes of erthe
Pour aller al eawe;
For to go to the watre;
Ces choses trouueres vous
Thise thinges shall ye fynde 12
En le potterye.
In the potterye.
+Se vous aues de quoy,
+Yf ye haue wherof,
Faittes que vous ayes
Doo that ye haue
Ouurages destain,
Werkes of tynne, 16
Pots destain[1] et cannes,
Pottes of tynne and cannes,
Cannes de deux lots,
Cannes of two stope,
Cannes dun sestier,
Cannes of a sextier,

[Footnote 1: de stain]

Lotz et demy lotz,
Stopes and half stopes, 20
Pintes et demy pintes.
Pintes and half pintes.
Ung lot est appelle
A stope is called
Eu aucun lieu[2] vng quart.
In somme place a quarte.

[Footnote 2: ancun lien]

Ce sont les mesures
Thise ben the mesures 24
Que je[3] scay nommer:
That I can name:

[Footnote 3: ye]

Mais les bouteilles
But the botellis
Destain, de boz, de cuir,
Of tyn, of wode, of lether,
Treuue on de toutes manieres.
Men fynd of all maneris. 28
+Or vous conuient auoir
+Now must ye haue
Platteaux destain,
Platers of tyn,

[Sidenote: P. 7.]

Escuyelles, sausserons,
Disshes, saussers,
Sallieres, trenchores;
Sallyers, trenchours; 32
Ces choses trouueres
Thise thinges shall ye fynde
De boz et de terre.
Of tree and of erthe.
Couuercles de keuuer,
Couercles of coppre,
De terre, et de fer,
Of erthe, and of yron, 36
Or apres vng esculier,
Now after a disshe fat,
La on met dedens
Where me leyeth therin
Les deuantdittes choses.
The forsaid thinges.
+Les louches de boz,
+And the spones of tree, 40

[[8]] [Headnote: FURNITURE, UTENSILS, PLATE AND CLOTHING.]

Les louches dargent,
The spones of siluer,
Metton la on veult,
That dooe[2] men where they wylle,
En plus seure garde.
In most sure kepyng.

[Footnote 2: dooo]

+Le louche de pot entour le feu;
+The ladle of the pot about the fyre; 4
Trepiet pour asseoir sus;
Treuet for to sette it on;
Sur laistre appertient
Vpon the herthe belongeth
Laigne ou tourbes,
Woode or turues,
Deux brandeurs de fer,
Two andyrons[3] of yron, 8
Ung estenelle, ung greyl.
A tonge, a gredyron.

[Footnote 3: andyrous]

+Ung grauwet,
+A flessh hoke,
Coutieaulx pour taillier
Knyues for to cutte
Ce quon vouldra,
That what me shall wylle, 12
Ung couttel de poree
A choppyng knyf
Pour taillier la poree.
for to choppe wortes.
+Hanaps dargent,
+Cuppes of silver,
Hanaps dorees,
Cuppes gylte, 16
Coupes door,
Couppes of goold,
Hanaps a pies;
Cuppes with feet;
Ces choses mettes
Thise things set ye
En vostre huche ou escrijn;
In your whutche or cheste; 20
Vos joyaulx en vostre forchier
Your jewellis in your forcier
Que on ne les emble.
That they be not stolen.
+Plente des linchieux,
+Plente of shetes,
Nappes, touwailles.
Bordclothes, towellis. 24
Pour faire a nous aulx
For to make to us garlyk
Et saulses parmi le stamine,
And sauses thorugh the strayner,
Vous conuient[1] auoir
Ye muste haue
Ung mortier, ung pestiel.
A morter, a pestyll. 28

[Footnote 1: connient]

+A la perche pendent vos vestures,
+On the perche hongen your clothes,
Manteaulx, scurcorps,
Mantellis, frockes,
Heuques, clocques,
Heukes, clokes,
Cottes, pourpoints,
Cotes, doblettes, 32

[Sidenote: P. 8.]

Vestures, fourrures,
Clothes, furres,
Vestures diuer et deste;
Wynter clothes and of somer;
Les oreilliers sur le lite;
The pelowes on the bedde;
Sur le queuerchief
Upon the keuerchief 36
Chemises, brayes,
Chertes, briches,
A tout le braieul.
With the pauntcher[4].

[Footnote 4: panutcher]

+Quand vous estes desvestues
+Whan ye be vnclothed
On treuue fourrures
Me fyndeth furres 40

[[9]] [Headnote: FURS, WHITE MEATS, WIFE, PARENTS AND CHILDREN.]

Descurieus[1], daigneaulx,
Of beuers and of lombes,
Plichons de lieures et de conins.
Pylches of hares and of conyes.

[Footnote 1: Descuriens]

+Mettes en le tresoier
+Sette into the cupbort
Vostre pain, vostre fourmage,
Your brede, your chese, 4
Vostre bure, vostre viande,
Your butter, your mete,
Et aultres companages,
And othir white mete,
Le relief de la table.
The leuynge of the table.
Faictes quil y aist du seel
Doo that ther be salte 8
Et des voires.
And glases.
Cy fine le tierce chapitle.
Here endeth the thirde chapitre.

[Sidenote: [CH. IV.]]

++OR entendes, petys & grands,
++Now understande, litell and grete,
Je vous dirai maintenant
I shall saye you right forth 12
Dune aultre matere
Of an othir matere
La quele ie comence.
The whiche I wyll begynne.
+Se vous estes maries,
+Yf ye be maried,
Et vous aues femme,
And ye haue a wyfe, 16
Et vous ayes marye,
And ye haue a husbonde,
+Se vous maintenes paisiblement,
+So mayntene you pesibly,
Que vous voisins ne disent
That your neyghbours saye not
De vous fors que bien:
Of you othirwyse than well: 20
Ce seroit virgoingne.
Hit shold be shame.
+Se vous aues pere & mere,
+If ye haue fader and moder
Si les honnoures tousiours;
So worshippe them alleway;
Faictes leur honneur;
Doo to hem worshipp; 24
Deportes les;
Forbere them;
Car selon le commandement
For after the commaundement
Et conseil de cathon,
And the counseill of cathon,
Les doibt en honnourer;
Men ought to worshippe them; 28
Car il dist en son liure:
For he saith in his booke:
"Honnoure pere & mere."
"Worshippe fader and moder."
+Se vous aues enfans,
+Yf ye haue children,
Si les chastoyes de la verge,
So chastyse them with the rodde, 32
Et les instrues
And enforme them
De bonnes meurs
With good maners
Le temps quilz soient jofnes;
the tyme that they be yong;

[Sidenote: P. 9.]

Les envoyes a lescole
Sende them to the scole 36
Aprendre lire et escripre,
To lerne rede and to write,
quilz ne resambloient bestes.
That they resemble not bestis.
+Soyes debonnair
+Be ye buxom
Enuers touttes gens--
Vnto alle folke-- 40

[[10]] [Headnote: MARGARET IS SENT TO THE BUTCHER'S AND POULTERER'S.]

Enuers vous seruans:
Vnto your seruaunts:
Penses quilz soyent
Thynke that they be
Aussi bons co{m}me vous;
As good as ye;
Ne le despites point.
Despyse them not. 4
+Comandes eux v{ost}re volente
+Commaunde them your wyll
En tele maniere:
In suche manere:
"Margote, prengne de largent,
"Margret, take of the siluer,
Va a la boucherye,
Goo to the flesshshamels, 8
Sy achates de lechar."
Bye ther of the flessh."
Celle respondera:
She shall ansuer agayn:
"Quelles chars voules vous?
"What flesshe wyll ye?
Voules vous chars de porc
Wylle ye flessh of porke 12
A le verde saulsse?
With the grene sauce?
Char du buef salle
Flessh of bueff salted
Serra bonne a la moustard;
Shall be good with the mustard;
La Fresshe aux aulx.
The fressh with gharlyk. 16
Se mieulx ames
Yf ye better loue
Char de mouton[1] ou daigniel,
Flessh of moton or of lambe,

[Footnote 1: monton]

De genise ou de viel,
Of an hawgher or of a calfe,
soit rosty ou au browet,
Is it rosted, orels with browet, 20
Je lachateray voulentiers."
I shall bye it with good wyll."
"Nennil[2], mais achatte
"Nay, but bye
Char de bachon ou de chieuerel;
Flessh of bacon or of a gheet;

[Footnote 2: Nenuil]

Si nous bargaigne
So chepe for vs 24
De la venyson,
Of the venyson,
Soyt de porc sengler,
Be it of wylde boor,
Soyt de serf ou de bisse;
Be it of herte, of hyndecalf;
Sy latourne au noir poiure
Dyght it with broun pepre 28
Quand tu larras achatte.
Whan thou shalt haue bought it.
+Va en la poillaillerie,
+Goo into the pultrie,
Achatte de poulletis,
Bye poullettis,
Une poulle & deux pouchins,
One poullet & two chekens, 32
Mais nulle chappon
But no capon
Ne nul coc napportes,
Ne no cocke bringe not,
Ne plouuier,
Ne plouier,
Wydecos, roussignoulz,
Wodecoks, nyghtyngalis, 36

[Sidenote: P. 10.]

Maussons, masanges,
Sparowes, meesen,
Auwes, annettes,
Ghees, doukes,
Coulons, piuions,
Dowues, pygeons,
Boutoirs, tourterolles,
Butores, turtellis, 40

[[11]] [Headnote: BIRDS; BEASTS BAD TO EAT, AND NOT EATEN; FISHES.]

Limoges, pertris,
Heth hennes, partrichs,
Alouwes, paons,
Larkes, pecoks,
Chuynes, cignes,
Storkes, swannes,
Vieses gelines:--
Olde hennes:-- 4

++IE suis malade,
++I am seeke,
Tel char me greueroit;
Suche flessh shold greue me;
Je ne le poroye digerer."
I shall not mowe dygeste it."
"Sire, vous men aues
"Syre, ye haue to me 8
Biaucop plus nommes
Many mo named
Que ien cuide achatter.
Than I wende to bye.
Vous estes si tenres,
Ye be so tendre,
+Vous pourries maisement
+Ye may euyll 12
Menger char de cheuaulx,
Ete flessh of horses,
De tors, de muletz,
Of bulles, of mules,
De poutrains, de iuments."
Of coltes, of mares."
+Encores sont aultres bestes
+Yet ben ther othir bestes 16
Dont on na cure de mengier:
Wherof men recche not to ete:
Loups, reynards, fouines,
Wulues, foxes, fichews,
Olifans, lupars, catz,
Olifa{u}nts, lupardis, cattes,
Singes, asnes, chiens.
Apes, asses, houndes. 20
Ourse mengue on bien;
A bere, men ete well;
Si faitton chieures.
So doo men ghotes.
+On ne mengue point
+Men ete not
Aigles, griffons,
Eygles, griffons, 24
Espreuiers, faucons,
Sperhawkes, faucons,
Oistoirs, escouffles.
Haukes, kytes.
Des bestes venimeuses:--
Of bestes venemous:--
Serpens, lasartz, scorpions,
Serpentes, lizarts, scorpions, 28
Mouches, veers;
Flies, wormes;
Qui de ces veers sera morse
Who of thise wormes shall be byten
Il luy fauldra triacle;
He must have triacle;
Se ce non, il en moroit.
Yf not that, he shall deye. 32
Or apres ores des poissons.
Now herafter shall ye here of fissh.

++DEs poissons poez oyer
++OF the fisshes may ye here
Les noms daulcuns,
The names of somme,
Non mie de trestouts,
Not of alle, 36
Car je ne les sca{ur}oye
For I ne wote not
Comment tres tous cognoistre[1];
How alle to knowe;

[Footnote 1: coguoistre]

[Sidenote: P. 11.]

Ainsi ne font les maronners.
Also ne doo not the maroners.
Premiers des poissons de mer:
First of fisshes of the see: 40

[[12]] [Headnote: NAMES OF SEA AND RIVER-FISH, AND OF WHITE MEATS.]

+De la mer vous viennent
+Fro the see to you come
Balainnes, porc de mer,
Whales, pourpays,
Cabellau, plays, esclefins,
Coddelyng, plays, haddoks,
Sugles, rayes,
Sooles, thornbaks, 4
Merlens, esparlens, rouges,
Whityng, sprotte, rogettis,
Maqueriaulx, mulets,
Makerell, molettis,
Bresmes, aloses, esturgeon,
Bremes, alouses, sturgeon,
Frescz herencs, congres,
Fressh hering, congres, 8
Herencs sorees.
Reed heeryng.
+Daultre poissons
+Of othir fisshes
De riuieres, mengíes:
Of the river, ete:
Carpres, anguilles,
Carpes, eelis, 12
Lu[c]es, becques, becquets,
Luses, pikes, pikerellis,
Tenques, perques,
Tenches, perches,
Roches, creuiches,
Roches, creuyches,
Loques, gouuions,
Loches, gogeorns, 16
Saulmon de pluiseurs maniers,
Samon of diuerse maners,
Saulmon de la meuse,
Samon of the mase,
Saulmon de scoche,
Samon of scotland,
Garnars, oysters, moules.
Shrimpes, oystres, muskles. 20
Qui plus en scet plus, en no{m}me;
Who knoweth more, name he more;
Car ie ne scay de plus parler.
For I ne knowe no more to speke.

++OR nommons les compenages
++NOw name we the white mete
Et ce quon en fait.
And that wherof is made. 24
Premierment laict et bure,
First mylke and butter,
Fromages dengletere,
Chese of englond,
Fromages de champayne,
Chese of champayne,
De brye, de berghes,
Of brye, of berowe, 28
De vaches, de brebys,
Of kien, of sheep,
Fromages de chieueres;
Chese of gheet;
Oefs de gelynes, dauwe,
Egges of hennes, of ghees,
Oefs dannettes.
Egges of dokes. 32
De laict et doefs
Of mylke and of egges
Faitton flans;
Men make flawnes;
De laict[1] bouly a le flour
Of mylke soden with the flour
Faitton rastons,
Men make printed cakes, 36

[Footnote 1: laicts]

Et de chars pastees;
And of flessh pasteyes;
De craisme faitton bure;
Of kreme make me butter;
De laict de brebis
Of the mylke of sheep
Faitton gaufres;
Make men wafres; 40

[[13]] [Headnote: NAMES OF FRUITS, TREES, HERBS, AND POT-HERBS.]

[Sidenote: P. 12.]

Wasteletz, rastons,
Wastles, eyrekakis,
Furent oublies.
Were forgeten.

++DE fruit ores no{m}mer
++OF fruit shall ye here named
Poires, pommes, prounes,
Peres, apples, plommes, 4
Cherises, fourd[r]ines,
Cheryes, sloes,
Moures, freses, noix,
Morberies, strawberies, notes,
Pesques, nesples,
Pesshes, medliers,
Figes, roisin,
Fyggis, reysins, 8
Amandes, dades.
Almandes, dates.

++LEs noms des arbres:
++THe names of trees:
Porrier, pommier, cherisier,
Pere tree, apple tree, cherye tree,
Pesquier, figier, mourier,
Pesshe tree, fygtree, morbery tree, 12
Nesplier, prounier[1], chesne,
Medliertree, plomtree, ooke,
Fresne, gaucquier, Oliuier
Asshe, nokertree, olyuetree,
Saulx, espinier, palmier.
Wylough, thorne, palmetree.

[Footnote 1: pronnier]

+Desoubz ces arbres
+Vnder thise trees 16
Sont herbes souef[2] flairans.
Ben herbes suete smellyng.

[Footnote 2: sonef]

Il ya roses vermeilles, blances,
There ben roses reed, white,
Mente, confite, et graine,
Mynte, confyte, and grayne,
Fleurdelyts, ouppe,
Lelyes, hoppes, 20
Et hayes es prets.
And hedges in medowes.
+Es boys sont[3] les verdures,
+In wodes ben the verdures,
Grouseillers, grouselles,
Brembles, bremble beries,
Les treuue on souuent
Ther is founden ofte 24
En gardins sur les mottes.
In gardyns on the mottes.

[Footnote 3: sout]

+Ens es preets est herbes
+Within the medewis is the grasse
Dont[4] on fait faing;
Wherof men make heye;

[Footnote 4: Dout]

Sy a des cardons et ortyes;
So ben ther thistles and nettles; 28
+Encore sont en les gardins
+Yet ben in the gardynes
Rouges coulles et blanches,
Rede cool and white,
Porions, oignons[5],
Porreette, oynyons,

[Footnote 5: oiguons]

Betes, cherfeul, persin,
Betes, cheruyll, persely, 32
Saulge, ysope, tymon,
Sauge, ysope, tyme,
Laittues, pourcelaine,
Letews, porselane,
Querson, gelouffre,
Kersses, geloffres,
Naueaulx[6], aulx, feneulle,
Rapes, gharlyk, fenell, 36
Espinces, borages.
Spynache, borage.

[Footnote 6: Naneaulx]

++CE sont les pottages:
++THise ben the potages:
Poys, feues;
Pesen, benes; 40
Garnee quon fait de bled,
Furmente whiche is made of whete,

[[14]] [Headnote: COMMON DRINKS.--MARCHANDISE OF CLOTHS.]

Chaudel pour les malades,
Caudell for the seke,
Gruwell et porrees.
Growell and wortes.

[Sidenote: P. 13.]

++CE so{u}nt les buuraiges:
++THise ben the drynkes:
Vin de rin et dausay[1],
Rynyssh wyn and of elzeter, 4

[Footnote 1: dansay]

Vin de beane et de germole,
Wyn of beane and of germole,
Vin fransoys et de spayne,
Frenssh wyn and of spayne,
Muskadel & bastard,
Muscadel and bastard,
Vin dosoye et de garnate,
Wyn of oseye and of garnade, 8
Vin de gascoyne,
Wyn of gascoyne,
Maluesye, romenye,
Malueseye, romeneye,
Vin cuit, vin gregois;
Wyn soden, wyn greek;
Ypocras & clarey sont fait
Ypocras and clarey ben made 12
De vin & bonnes espices;
Of wyn and good spices;
Blanc vin, vin vermeil,
White wyn, rede wyn,

[Footnote: (Cx. mermeil)]

Miel, mies,
Hony, mede,
Seruoise dangletere,
Ale of englond, 16
Seruoise dalemayne;
Byre of alemayne;
Sydre est fait de pommes;
Syther is made of apples;
Boulie est faitte
Boulye is made
Diauwe & de leuain,
Of water and of leuayn, 20
Et de tercheul.
And of wurte.
Fontaine boit on bien.
Welle watre drynke me well,
Liauwe boiuent les bestes;
Watre drynke the bestes;
Si bue[2] on les toilles.
So wesshe me with all lynnenclothis. 24

[Footnote 2: buc]

[Sidenote: [CH. V.]]

++DAultres choses sa{u}ns attendre,
++OF othir thinge withoute taryeng,
Endementiers quil me souuient,
Whiles that I remembre,
Vous veul deuiser et aprendre.
I wyll to you deuise and teche.
Se vous voules bergaignier
Yf ye wyll bergayne 28
Draps ou aultres marchandisses,
Wullen cloth or othir marchandise,
Sy alles a le halle
So goo to the halle
Qui est ou marchiet;
Whiche is in the market;
Sy montes les degretz;
So goo vpon the steyres; 32
La trouueres les draps:
There shall ye fynde the clothes:
Draps mesles,
Clothes medleyed,
Rouge drap ou vert,
Red cloth or grene,
Bleu asuret,
Blyew y-asured, 36
Gaune, vermeil,
Yelow, reed,
Entrepers, moret,
Sad blew, morreey,
Royet, esquiekeliet,
Raye, chekeryd,
Saye blanche & bleu,
Saye white and blew, 40

[[15]] [Headnote: HOW TO BUY CLOTH. HE TRIES TO BEAT HER DOWN.]

Escarlate en grain.
Scarlet in grayne.

++SY poes commencer
++SO may ye begynne
Par tele salutation
By suche gretyng
Co{m}me il est en primier chapitle.
As it is in the first chapitre. 4

[Sidenote: P. 14.]

"Dame, que faittes vous laulne
"Dame, what hold ye the elle
De ces draps,
Of this cloth?
Ou que vault le drap entier?
Or what is worth the cloth hole?
Embrief parler, combien laulne?"
In shorte to speke, how moche thelle?" 8
"Sire, rayson;
"Syre, resone;
Ie vous en feray rayson;
I shall doo to you resone;
Vous layres au bon marchie."
Ye shall haue it good cheep."
"Voir, pour cattel,
"Ye, truly, for catell, 12
Dame, il conuient[1] gaignier.
Dame, me must wynne.

[Footnote 1: coniuent]

Gardes que ien paiera."
Take hede what I shall paye."
"Quatre soulz de laulne,
"Four shelynges for the elle,
Sil vous plaist."
Yf it you plese you." 16
"Ce ne seroit mie sens.
"Hit ne were no wysedom.
Pour tant vouldroie je auoir
For so moche wold I haue
Bonne[2] escarlate!"
Good scarlete!"

[Footnote 2: Bonue]

"Vous aues droit,
"Ye haue right 20
Se vous puisses.
Yf ye maye.
Mais iay encore tel
But I haue yet somme
Qui nest mie du meillour,
Whiche is not of the beste,
Que ie ne donroye point
Whiche I wold not yeue 24
Pour sept souldz."
For seuen shelynges."
"Je vous en croys bien;
"I you bileue well;
Mais ce nest mye drap
But this is no suche cloth
De tant dargent,
Of so moche money, 28
Ce scaues vous bien!
That knowe ye well!
Ce que vous en laires
This that ye shall leue
Le sera[3] vendre."
Shall be solde."

[Footnote 3: See the Notes.]

"Sire, que vault il?"
"Syre, what is it worth?" 32
"Dame, il me vauldroit
"Dame, it were worth to me
Bien trois souls."
Well thre shellyngs."
"Cest mal offert,
"That is euyll boden,
Ou trop demande;
Or to moche axed; 36
Encores ameroie mieulx
Yet had I leuer
Quil fust dor in vostre escrin."
That it were gold in your cheste."
"Damoyselle, vous ne perderes
"Damoyselle, ye shold not lese theron
Ja croix;
Neuer a crosse; 40

[[16]] [Headnote: HOW TO BUY CLOTH. THE METER NOT CALLED FOR.]

Mais dittes acertes
But saye certainly
Comment je lauray
How shall I haue it
Sa{u}ns riens laissier."
Withoute thyng to leue."
"Je le vous donray a vng mot:
"I shall gyue it you at one worde: 4
Certes, se vous le aues,
Certaynly, if ye haue it,
Vous en paieres chinq souls
Ye shall paye fyue shellyngs

[Sidenote: P. 15.]

De tant daulnes
For so many elles
Que vous en prenderes;
Whiche ye shall take; 8
Car ie nen[1] lairay riens[2]."
For I wyll abate no thyng."

[Footnote 1: neu]

[Footnote 2: rieus]

"Dame, que vaudroit dont
"Dame, what shall auaylle thenne
Longues parolles?
Longe wordes?
Tailles pour moy une pair de robes."
Cutte for me a pair of gounes." 12
"Combien en tailleray ie?"
"How moche shall I cutte?"
"Tant que vous quidies
"Also moche as ye wene
Que mestier mest
As me shall nede
Pour vng sourcote,
For a surcote, 16
Pour vng cotte,
For a cote,
Pour vne heucque,
For an hewke,
Pour vne paire de chausses."
For a pair hosen."
"Sire, il vous en fauldra[3]
"Sir, it you behoueth 20
Bien quinse aulnes."
Well fiften elles."

[Footnote 3: enfauldra]

"De par dieu, tailles les.
"In goddes name, cutte them.
De quelle largesse est il?"
Of what brede is it?"
"De deulx aulnes et demye."
"Of two ellis and an half." 24
"Cest bonne largesse.
"That is good brede.
Tailles a lautre deboute."
Cutte at that othir ende."
"Cest tout ung, par mon alme!
"Hit is all one, by my soule!
Mais ie le feroy volentiers."
But I shall doo it gladly." 28
"Dame, messures bien."
"Dame, mete well."
"Sire, ie ne men confesseray ia
"Sire, I shall never shriue me therof
De ce que ie vous detenray."
Of that I shall with-holde yow."
"Dame, ce scay ie bien;
"Dame, that knowe I well; 32
Si ie ne vous creusse
If I had not trusted you
Ieuis appelle le messureur."
I had called the metar."
"Sire, sil vous plaist,
"Sire, yf it plese you,
On lappellera."
He shall be called." 36
"Nennil[4] voir, dame,
"Nay truly, dame,
Ie me tieng bien
I holde me well
Content de vous;
Content with you;

[Footnote 4: Nenuil]

Car il me semble
For me semeth 40

[[17]] [Headnote: PAYING THE BILL.--ENGLISH GROATS, FLEMISH COINS, ETC.]

Que vous maues[1] bien fait.
That ye haue to me well done.

[Footnote 1: manes]

Ployes le de par dieu."
Folde it up in goddes name."
"Non[2] feray, sauue le vostre grace;
"I shall not, sauf your grace;
Je veul que vous messures."
I wyll that ye mete it." 4

[Footnote 2: Nou]

"Dame, puis que ie me tieng
"Dame, syth that I me holde
Plainement content,
Playnly content,
Et puis que bien me souffist,
And sith it well me suffyseth,
Il nest besoin de le remesurer.
It is no nede to mete it agayn. 8

[Sidenote: P. 16.]

Tien, valton, si le porte,
Holde thou, boye, and bere it;
Tu auras vng mayll.
Thou shalt haue an halfpeny.
Or, dame, combien monte
Now, dame, how moche cometh it to,
Ce que iay de vous?"
This that I haue of you?" 12
"Sire, se vous me baillies
"Syre, yf ye gyue to me
Disenoof souls,
xix shellyngs,
Vous me paieries bien;
Ye shall paye me well;
Tant me debues vous."
So moche ye owe me." 16
"Damoyselle, tenez, comptez."
"Damoyselle, holde, telle."
"Quelle monnoye
"What moneye
Me donnez vous?"
Gyue ye to me?"
"Bonne monnoye;
"Good moneye; 20
Ce sont gros dangletere;
Thise ben grotes of englond;
Tels y a[3] de flaundres;
Suche ther be of flaundres;

[Footnote 3: ya]

Patards et demi patards;
Plackes and half plackes;
Les vieulx gros dangletere
The olde grotes of englond 24
Qui valent chincque deniers;
Which be worth v pens;
Les noueaulx valent iiij. deniers;
The newe be worth foure pens;
Vous le debues bien scavoir,
Ye ought well to knowe,
Qui tant dargent recepues."
That so moche moneye receyue[6]." 28

[Footnote 6: receyne]

"Vous dittes voir, sire."
"Ye saye trouthe, sire."
"Mais vous ameries mieulx
"But ye had leuer
Florins[4] du rin,
Rynysh guldrens,

[Footnote 4: Florius]

Escutz du roy,
Scutes of the kyng, 32
Royaulx nobles dangletere,
Ryallis nobles of englond,
Salutz door lyons,
Salews of gold lyons,
Viez estrelins deniers."
Olde sterlingis pens."
"Cest tout bonne monneye;
"This is all good moneye; 36
Mais que ie le puisse doner?"
Ye, and I may gyue it oute?"
"Oyl, vous lez donerez[5] bien
"Yes, ye shall gyue it oute well
Dedains la ville
Within the toune
Et par tout le pays,
And all aboute the contre, 40

[Footnote 5: alonerez]

[[18]] [Headnote: THE SELLER PLEASED. CLOTH OF MANY TOWNS.]