Chapter XV: Part 15

The Hollandes generall sent me a present of 2 bottells Spanish wyne and a Hollandes cheese. And the domene cam to me with 3 soldiers with hym to entreate me to speake to the said generall, Jno. Derickson Lamb, to save 3 souldiers that were condemned to the gallies, of the which I had broken the matter to hym before. And it seemeth now they are desiros to sett them at liberty upon my second motion, as I understand from the fiscall.

_December 8._--The Hollanders were envited to dyner to the howse of Semi Dono, whither they went in pomp, the generall leading in cuerpo, with a trunchon in his hand and a greate cheane of gould about his neck, and all the cheefe in rank after hym, 2 in two, to the number of above 20 persons.

_December 9._--The rendador (or mynt man) of themperour came from Langasaque to Firando to melt plate for the Hollanders, and came to vizet me and brought me a present of a silke _catabra_, offring to refyne our plate in any forme or goodnes as we desired, and tould me his sonne was strucken blynd, desiring to have our chirurgions to look on hym and to see whether they could doe hym any good or no.

I went to vizet the Hollandes generall, whoe at my request set at liberty 4 souldiers formerly condemned to the gallies.

_December 10._--The fiscall and secretary of the Hollanders came to thenglish howse and brought the prisoners with irons at their legges, and tould them for my sake they were sett at liberty, and soe caused a smith to knock affe their shakles and let them loose, they upon their knees geveing me thanks, promising to doe soe well hereafter that they hoped my time emploid for ther liberty should not be ill spent, etc.

_December 11._--In respect Capt. Whaw lent his _foy fone_ and people to bring back Mr. Wickham, we gave a barill wyne, a bag rise, and a _tay_ of plate to company, and 1 _tay_ plate to Capt. Whaws man.

The sargantes, corperalls, and other Duch officers came to thenglish howse, with Georg ----[271] an English man, to thank me for being the meanes to get the 3 souldiers pardoned. Yt seemes Capt. Speck was much against it, and urged the generall to tell hym he was thoccation of that had happened in leaving open the windoes, otherwise no such matter had byn attempted; and, yf he well bethought hym selfe, these men had spent their blood in getting those goodes, and lost all they had when thadmerall ship was sunk, so that a more charetable mynd were better; "and yet (said he) I am no man that will mentayne theft. And had it byn any of your merchandiz sent out of Holland I should esteem the falt more greater."

_December 12._--Capt. Barkhout, Mr. Albartus, and an other merchant came from the Hollandes generall to envite us to dyner on Sonday next.

We delivered the 10 _pico_ sapon to the _Tono_ of Firando, geven hym in present.

_December 13._--The rendadors made ready the place to refyne our plate, and Croby Donos partner delivered me one thousand _tais_ in ould plate bars, chosen per rendador, it being better to melt then thother, and goeth upon accompt of sappon, he which bought it haveing promised the one halfe.

The Hollandes generall sent me a Hollandes cheese per Albartus, puting me and rest in mynd to com to morow to dyner. Yt seemeth they had not greatly cared yf we had not promised to com to dyner, in respect the world might have esteemed they respected us not yf they had not don it, which made me to goe, not for a dyner, etc.

_December 14._--The thunderbout light upon the mastes of the 2 Hollandes shipps, the _Flushing_ and _Sonne_, the night past, and did them som hurt, but not much.

We dyned at Hollandes howse, where we were kyndly entertayned, etc.

_December 15._--The kyng dyned at Hollandes howse this day, where there was healths drunk and much ordinance shot affe, both at the howse and abord the shipps.

We dyned abord our junk, she being now ready to set seale for Syam. God send her a prosperous voyage. We had 3 peeces at our going abord, with other healths, shot affe for Kynges Mt. of England, with 7 at our departure, and 5 out of _Defence_.

_December 16._--I sent yisternight to thank the Duch generall for our kynd entertaynment the day before. And he retorned answer, he was very glad yf it were to our content, and was ready to doe ether me or any other of our English nation any service or pleasure he could; withall sent me word that the loving kyndnes he had receved from me in espetiall could never be forgotten whiles he lived, knowing well it came from a good hart, wishing the English else where were of my opinion and caradg, and then he durst presume there would be no ill will betwixt the English and Hollanders.

The China Capt., Andrea Dittis, retorned this mornyng from Langasaque, and brought me a present of a box sett with glasse beades, or such lyke, as I think, as also a letter from his brother, Capt. Whaw, to send hym 1000 _tais_ in plate of bars to be emploid about procuring trade into China, they allwaies being answerable for it, whether it take effect or no. Also he desired me to send hym a Japon _keremon_ of the largest of them themperour gave me, to be emploid that way, for which he would not forget to be answerable.

Our junk being ready to goe out, the Japon offecers cam and demanded to have 14 passingers to goe for Syam, although I had it under their handes to the contrary that they should carry non. Soe in thend I offred to geve 7 of them 5 _tais_ per man, and the boteswaine 30 _tais_, to be emploid in wood, and deliver them at their retorne to Japon, but know not whether they will be content therewith or no. God blesse me out of the handes of these people.

An ambassador of Figen[272] sent to the King of Firando came to see thenglish howse this day, to whome I gave the best entertaynment I could.

Mr. Totton fell into a strang humor, misusing Mr. Nealson in vild terms, telling me he was used like a slave in the English howse, and therfore would com in it no more. This he did being in drink, as it seemed.

_December 17._--I gave 2 of my best _keremons_, geven me per Emperour, to China Capt. and his brother, to be sent into China about procuring trade, for a present to greate men.

I sent Jno. _jurebasso_ to Oyen Dono to speake to the kyng to helpe with money to send in this shipp for Bantam, as also to cause the 22 bagges rise to be delivered me, paid for twise in acco.; whoe retorned me answer he would solicet the kyng in this matter.

Also I sent hym to Semidone to put hym in mind of 100 _tais_ Goresano oweth upon acco., that he would force hym to pay it. He sent me answer he was going out of towne, but, at his retorne within 2 or 3 daies, would tak matter in hand.

_December 18_ (_Seitach_, 1th day Japon moon).--The fownders to melt plate (or mynt men) came to work this mornynge. I delivered the thowsand _tais_ to Mr. Osterwick, which I rec. of Croby Donos partner the other day, being plat bars, to fownd (or mynt) with the rest.

The China Capt. gave me 2 peces red damask, sent from his brother, Capt. Whow, as he said.

The Hollandes shipp called the _Flushing_ went out to Cochy this day, and I sent our _foy fone_ to helpe to toe her out. She shot affe 9 peeces ordinance at going out; and 7 peces (or chambers) were shott affe at Hollandes howse, 5 peces out of the _Son_, with 5 out of our shipp _Adviz_, and 3 out of our junk.

We were constrayned, in respect of the necessety of tyme, to agree to lend the mareners of our junk 150 _tais_ Japon plate till their retorne, with condition that yf they went quietly on the voyag, and so retorned to Japon with the good report of Mr. Eaton, the capt., and Andrea, the Japon botswain (or counter master, as they call hym), that then they ware to pay back but the 150 _tais_; yf not, then to pay 300 _tais_. As also there was 7 of them had 5 _tais_ a man paid them, is 35 _tais_.

A letter to Capt. Whaw, with the 2 Japon _keremons_, 30 _amars_ or bundelles rottans; and that the 1,000 _tas._ was ready to lend to procure trade into China; as also I had rec. the _foy fone_ or boate he sent me in present, etc.

_December 19._--I rec. 2 letters from Capt. Adames, on dated in Osakay, 30th ultimo, and thother in Ximina Seak, 14th present, how he bringeth 1,200 _tais_ from Tozayemon Dono, and 500 _tais_ from Grubstreet, and can get no more.

Also I rec. a letter from Omperas father, with a littell _barso_ wyne called _bringe_, and 200 orenges.

_December 20._--A cavelero came to vizet me, and brought me 2 _barsos_ wyne and fishes for a present. Matingas father was his servant in tyme past.

The night past, the Hollanders tooke 4 theeves of their owne people, 2 soldiers and 2 caffros, whoe had made a falce key and stolne goodes out of the howse. Som thought to have fled, but were taken, the King of Firando haveing geven charge that no boate should passe out of the iland.

_December 21._--I receved a letter from Capt. Adames from Langway, 12 leagues from Firando, how he la there windbound. And the Hollanders shot affe 7 peces ordinance out of the _Son_ about midnight, and 9 chambers out of howse, in honor of their New Years Day to morrow.

_December 22._--The Hollandes generall sent his nois of trompets[273] to geve me a salve this mornyng before day, unto whome I gave a bar plate containing 3_ta._ 0_m._ 6_co._

About nowne, Capt. Adames arived at Firando, and came overland from Languay, the sea being greate and the wynd skant.

Late towardes night, the Hollandes generall, with Capt. Speck and all the cheefe, came to English howse to bid me fare well, the generall meanyng to departe towardes the Molucas to morrow, as they geve it out. The generall drunk a health on his knees to the Kinges Matie. of England, and cauced 7 peces ordinance to be shot out of the _Son_. And after, we drunk the lyke to the Grave Mouris, and shot 7 more out of the _Advize_, and 5 for a health to the generall.

_December 23._--The Hollandes generall, Jno. Derikson Lamb, went abord his shipp to Cochy to put to sea, and had 11 chambers shot affe at Hollandes howse, with 5 peeces ordinance out of the _Son_. And we shot 7 out of the _Advize_, and they answered with 3 after out of _Son_. I, not being well at ease, sent Mr. Wickham, accompanid with Capt. Adames and rest Englishmen, to Cochy to bid the generall fare well, and sent hym 2 barilles _morofack_, a hogge, 2 sucking pigges, and 20 loves bread. And, as they were within saker shot of the Duch admerall, she shot affe 5 peces ordinance for a farewell to the Japon _bongews_ who accompanid them, one of which peeces, being a bras demycolverin (being duble charged by mischance), brake and staved 5 or 6 cabbins and as many chistes, and did much shake the generalls cabbin, puting hym in danger of his lyfe, and wounded and meamed 7 or 8 men, but non slaine, and was in greate danger to have fyred all the gunpolder, being 200 barilles; which cauced the fiskall, Mr. Albartus, and the secretary to leape overbord into the sea. Two of them, not being abell to swym, had lyke to have byn drowned, and the therd fell into a Japon boate, and shaken her bottom out, and had lyke to have broken his legges. Yet in the end all turned into a laughter and mocking of those 3 men. And soe gave thenglish kynd entertaynment, with 5 peces out of admerall, and 3 out of _Gallias_ at their departure.

And at Mr. Wickhams retorne, he had notis that the Japon whome I saved the life of the other day, and gave hym to hym for his servant, did yisternight steale a silver cup out of the Hollandes howse, and sould it in the towne for 3_ta._ 3_mas_. The cup I retorned hom to Capt. Speck, with advize I recoverd it from the theefe which stole it.

_December 24._--Our Japon slave had punishment this day, all the servantes in the howse, with others apointed, geveing hym 10 lashes with a duble rope over the naked body and buttockes, till all the skin was beaten affe, and after washed hym in bryne. I wish it may be a warning to the foole, for so I estem hym.

Divers passingers which ment to have gon in our junk against my will (for Syam) went and complayned to Taccamon Dono to have passag perforce, and to that entent he sent me word. But I retorned answer I had the Emperours _goshon_ to entertayne or send whome I listed, in paying them, and, yf he had any other authorety to send passingers against my will, let hym shew it, otherwaies non should goe. Unto which he retorned me answer, he would not meddell in the matter, but bad me doe as I pleased.

_December 25._--I envited all the shipp and junk offecers to dyner this day, it being Christmas Day. The China Capt. sent me 10 boxes marmalad, a baskit of pearse, and a fat China capon; and sent a boate for a kyd, but not retorned. The _Flushing_ went out, but, wynd proving contrary, retorned back to Cochy roade.

_December 26._--I wrot a letter to Salvador Daravis, in answer of his rec., with the ring of rubis and 2 gars salt mangas. Also I send a scritorio for hym.

The Hollandes generall sent me a _barica_ of Spanish wyne, and after dyner I went abord the Hollandes generall to Cochy roade, and carid hym a _langanate_, which Safian Dono gave me for a present. At our coming abord (Mr. Sayer, Mr. Osterwick, and Mr. Totton accompanyinge me), he gave us 5 peces of ordinance, and, at our departure, 5 more, and 3 out of the _Gallias_, viz. admerall, taking my visetation in very kynd part.

I gave the China Capt. a _kerymon_ of silk for his doughter to sleepe in; and after, he sent me a peece black satten and a peece blew damaske.

Capt. Adames bark arived this day late from Languay, having taken greate pains to row it up.

At my retorne from abord Duch shipp, word was brought me that Taccamon Dono said our junk should not goe out for Syam except I sufferd each offecer to carry 2 passingers, according to the custom of the cuntrey. Also others said that our junk was falne into an extreame leake. And the therd news was that Langasaque was set on fyre. For the two first, of the wordes of Taccamon Dono and junkes leake, I think it rather the knavery of the unruly mareners, whoe wish it might be soe, then otherwaies.

_December 27._--I sent abord junk to look out about leake; and it is nothing but puting abord ballast hath brought her deeper, and som 6 inches water encreased in 16 howres.

I rec. a letter from Jor. Durois, dated in Langasaque, 2th January, new stile, with 8 oreng trees, cost all 6 _taies_.

I rec. of Capt. Adames in ready money. viz.:--

1200 _taies_ from Tozayemon Dono of Sakay.
0500 _taies_ from Cuemon Dono or Grubstreet of Osakay.
0080 _taies_ from Shroamon Dono of Osakay.

All the which soms of 1780 _taies_ I delivered at receapte to Mr. Jno. Osterwick.

And I rec. per Capt. Adames these letters following:--

1 from Tozayemon Dono of Sakay.
1 from Shroamon Dono of Osakay.
1 from Cuemon Dono, host of Osakay.
1 from Magazemon Dono, host of Miaco.
1 from Neamon Dono of Edo.
1 from Cynemon Dono of Osakay, unknowne.
1 from Tangano, etc.

This day the trew news came of the burnyng of above 200 howses at Langasaque, wherof many did belonge to pore Chinas. One amongst the rest, adventuring over rashly to have saved som money, was smothered and burned, never retorning out. And Andrea Dittis and his brother, Capt. Whaw, had 3 howses burned, with 1 gedong, much goodes being in it, as Andrea tould me.

_December 28._--I sent a barill _skar_ beare to the Hollandes fiskall; but the ship was gon out before it came, and the bearer delivered it to Capt. Speck.

We gave 1 _pico_ bitell nuttes to the China Capt., for no man will buy them.

Towardes night the offecers junk came, and tould me Taccamon Dono had sent to warne their hostes not to suffer them to carry out our junk, nor goe abord, except they might carry passingers with them.

_December 29._--I delivered my letters for Syam to Mr. Eaton, viz.:--

2 to Mr. Jno. Johnson and Ric. Pittes.
1 to Mr. Georg. Savidg for Camboia.
1 to Mr. Jno. Ferrers for Champa.
2 coppies letters rec. from Mr. Savadg and Jno. Ferrers from dit.
plac.
1 letter to Salvador Daravis.

With the memoriall or comition delivered to Mr. Eaton.

All which letters and coppies are to be seene per coppies.

As also the cargezon goodes sent in _Sea Adventure_, enclozed to Mr. Johnson, etc., viz.:--

_ta. m. co._
In plate Soma refyned, with exchange 1218 0 0
In bars plat refynd lyk tyn, with exchange 1156 1 5
In plate bars of Japon _Nagites_ 1000 0 0
-------------
Som totall plate amontes unto 3374 1 5
And in merchandiz as per perticulers 0438 9 2¾
-------------
Som totall all cargazon amontes 3813 0 7¾
But I make it 3813 0 9½

I send tokens, viz.:--

1 scritorio to Mr. Johnson, cost me 03_ta._ 0_m._ 0_co._

1 to Mr. Pittes, cost 01_ta._ 8_m._ 0_co._

1 bill to Salvador, money geven his sonne, with 1 skritorio.

The _maky_ man arived here yisternight, and brought me 3 letters, 1 from Tozayemon Dono, and the other from Magazemon Dono.

_December 30._--I wrot 2 letters to the English and Japon umpra, and sent them 2 present, viz.:--

2 fowling peces, cost 8 8 9
1 pec. spoted satten, cost 8 0 0
1 pec. damask, blak and green 6 0 0

I forgot to note downe how I went to vizet the _tono_ yisternight, and carid hym a jar conservs, and Capt. Adames carid hym a _barso_ wyne and 2 fyshes. I tould hym our junk was ready to departe towardes Syam, offring hym to doe hym any service in that place we could, which he took in good parte, promesing all frenshipp he could towardes our nation, and with all thanking me for the frenshipp I showed hym at his being at Miaco, and telling me I should have barkes ready to toe out our junk at my pleasure, etc.

Our junk being ready to goe out, Taccamon Dono sent me word that, except I would alow of 10 passingers to goe in her, we should have no boates to toe her out, nether would he suffer our offecers to goe in the junk. So the tyde not tarryng for the kyng (as the proverb is), I hired 2 boates by meanes of Capt. Adames, and two I set out my selfe, and the Hollanders sent their _foy fone_, and the China Capt. an other bark, and the _Adviz_ sent her boate; with which we got out our junk, contrary to their expectation, and carid her into Cochy roade. Yet this Taccamon Dono cauced the Japans hostes to our offecers to stay them. Wherupon I was forced to goe to the king to complaine, but could not com to speech of hym. So the junk was forced to stay all this day, and loose a fayre wynde. And within night this Taccamon Dono sent 3 or 4 men (as coming from the kyng) to have passadg for 3 men, and got the China Capt. to com to speake for them; but I denid them all.

Oyen Dono sent me word the king had reproved Taccamon Dono and bad hym not meddell in our busynes.

Mr. Eaton had one hundred _taies_ alowed hym on his wagis, and I paid hym my selfe.

_December 31._--This day Taccamon Dono sent againe to the hostes howses of our junk offecers, charging them not to let the offecers departe till I agreed to let the passingers passe in our junk. So I was forced againe to get Capt. Adames to goe to the kyng, with our _jurebasso_ in his company, to complaine of the wrong Taccamon Dono doth us, our junk being now ready to goe out. So the kyng gave order forthwith to the hostes to let them goe. And sowne after Taccamon Dono sent to me to exskeuse hym selfe, saying he was ill enformed of my matter by the passingers, and therefore craved pardon. This Taccamon Dono is a prowd, humerose, dreamyng fello.

After dyner, Mr. Eaton went abord the junk to Cochy, and carid all the marreners with hym; but the wether did groe so boysterous, and blew soe hard a gale wynd, that they were in danger to have perished. And, as report goeth, ther is above 30 barkes cast away, laden with rise and other merchandiz, coming from Langasaque, Fingo, Xaxma, and those partes, and all or most parte of people drowned.

END OF VOL. I.

T. RICHARDS, 37, GREAT QUEEN STREET, W.C.

FOOTNOTES:

[1] Part i, pp. 366, _sqq._

[2] This is shown in a volume among the Records of the India Office, entitled "_Supplement to China Materials_, Book I. Japan" (press-mark: T. (b), vol. i), which contains a compilation, made in 1824, of all the material which could be gathered from the Company's papers relative to the English trade with Japan from 1600 to 1689. I have found this book most useful; and some of the information which it gives cannot be obtained elsewhere, owing to the loss of original papers. Rundall, also, in his _Memorials of the Empire of Japon_ (Hakluyt Society), 1850, has printed some extracts from the diary.

[3] See his letters in Rundall's _Memorials_. In the course of this Preface I have not thought it necessary to retain in quotations the old spelling of originals.

[4] Cocks calls him "the pope of Japon", i. 311.

[5] See below, i. 201, ii. 270.

[6] Cocks notices the rumour of his death by poison, ii. 271.

[7] He rejoiced in the name of Quaeckernaeck.

[8] See _Purchas his Pilgrimes_, i. 369. Foyne rather astonished Saris by asking for a piece of poldavis, or canvas, to make his shirt; and he seems to have appreciated English beef and pork, "sod with onions and turnips" (_ibid._, i. 369, 400). It was perhaps indulgence in such luxuries that gained him the nick-name of "Lucullus", which occurs in one of Wickham's letters.

[9] This is more probably a title than a name, as another Oyen Dono appears as secretary to the shogun.

[10] Called also Spex, or Specx, by other writers.

[11] An account of the journey to court, attributed to Speck, is printed in the _Voiage au Japon_, included in Constantin de Renneville'a _Recueil des Voyages_, Rouen, 1725, tom. 7. See also Rundall's _Memorials_.

[12] _Purchas_, i, 396.

[13] The modern Shidzuoka.

[14] The expenses of this journey amounted to 1713 _taels_ 4 _mas_, or about £428.

[15] _Purchas_, i. 379.

[16] He thus spells his name in his early letters. At a later period he wrote "Cock" with a flourish, which would be equivalent to "Cockes". His contemporaries sometimes call him Cock, but more generally Cocks, Cox, or Coxe.

[17] _Calendar of State Papers, Colonial Series, East Indies, China, and Japan_, 1513-1616, nos. 256, 281.

[18] _Ibid._, no. 98.

[19] _Calendar_, 1617-1621, nos. 315, 792.

[20] Incorrectly named Edward Sares in Saris's narrative (_Purchas_, i. 379).

[21] Rundall's _Memorials_, p. 67.

[22] His actual term of service was from 24th November, 1613, to 24th December, 1616. In the interval between the latter date and his death he was engaged, sometimes in trading on his own account, sometimes as agent or interpreter to the English or Dutch.

[23] _Purchas_, i. 369.

[24] _Purchas_, i. 377.

[25] He is said to have died from the effects of a wound received at the storming of Ozaka. See Titsingh's _Annales_, ed. Klaproth, Paris, 1834, p. 406.

[26] In the volume already referred to, entitled _Supplement to China Materials_, etc., in the India Office, the following extract from a letter of Cocks is given as coming from "Damaged Papers", ii. no. 5, which can no longer be identified:--"I forgot to note downe how the Emperours Councell, when they saw me earnestly pursue the enlarging of our previleges, tould me that they made accompt it was not unknowne unto us the order the Emperor of China did take for keeping strangers from entering his dominions, alowing the Spaniards and Portingales no port to enter into, but only Amacau; yt being but a littell point or rock of noe emportance. Unto which I replied that their previleges were far better then ours, in respect they pay no duties but only a certain sum of money for ancorage of their shipps, neither were bound to goe to the Emperours court with any present yearely, as we doe, spending more money in going up and downe then the ancorage of their shipping cometh unto. As also the Portingales of Amacau have lycense to goe yearely to the greate cittie of Canton both to buy and sell such commodities as they have, and had boates provided by the King of China to carry them up and downe with their goods. So that I wished the Emperour of Japan would make our previleges equall with the Portingales at Amacau. Unto which they answered littell, but in smiling sort passed it over."

[27] Rundall, _Memorials_, p. 184.

[28] "Au Japon se trouvaient encore trente-quatre membres de la Compagnie, tant à Nangasaki qu'en différentes provinces; cinq Franciscains, cinq ou six Dominicains, un Augustin, et cinq prêtres séculiers Japonais. La plupart de ces religieux et prêtres étaient cachés à Nangasaki."--Pagés, _Hist. de la Religion Chrétienne au Japon_, 1869, p. 347.

[29] Father João Baptista Machado, Jesuit, and Pedro de l'Assumpcion, Franciscan, whose martyrdoms are narrated by Pagés.

[30] "He was made an officer and given the revenues of the village of Hémi, in Sagami, near the modern Yokosuka, where are situated the dry docks, machine-shops, and ship-building houses in which the modern war vessels of the imperial navy are built and launched--a fitting location, so near the ground made classic by this exile from the greatest marine nation in the world."--Griffis, _The Mikado's Empire_, 1876, p. 262.

[31] Saris makes an interesting remark on this practice of the Dutch:--"Before our coming they passed generally by the name of Englishmen, for our English nation hath been long known by report among them, but much scandalled by the Portugals Jesuits as pirates and rovers upon the seas; so that the naturals have a song which they call the English Crofonia, shewing how the English do take the Spanish ships, which they (singing) do act likewise in gesture with their cattans by their sides, with which song and acting they terrify and scare their children, as the French sometimes did theirs with the name of the Lord Talbot."--_Purchas_, i. 368.

[32] The letter printed in _Purchas_, i. 411, is, by a printer's error, dated 1610, instead of 1620.

[33] Cocks mentions another child at Firando.

[34] Adams left a will, drawn up apparently in duplicate, in English and Japanese. It was formerly preserved in the archives of the East India Company. In the MS. volume, T. (b), vol. i. _Supplement to China Materials_, the English document is referred to as being among the "Collection of wills", and the Japanese version as among "Foreign papers". In 1850, Mr. Rundall appears to have seen the Japanese, but not the English, version, for he states that "the will of William Adams, in Japanese, is preserved among the records of the Honourable the East India Company", but that "a translation has not been traced" (_Memorials of the Empire of Japon_, p. 87). He also quotes the Inventory of the Estate of Capt. William Adams, showing that the value of the property was about £500. I regret to say that these documents cannot now be found in the India Office, although, by the kindness of Mr. C. C. Prinsep, I have had every assistance in making a search.

Mr. Griffis, in _The Mikado's Empire_, 1876, p. 262, gives the following interesting particulars respecting Adams and his last resting-place:--"Will Adams had a son and daughter born to him in Japan, and there are still living Japanese who claim descent from him. One of the streets of Yedo was named after him Anjin Chō (Pilot Street), and the people of that street still hold an annual celebration on the 15th of June in his honor, one of which I attended in 1873. When Adams died, he, and afterwards his Japanese wife, were buried on the summit of one of the lovely hills overlooking the Bay of Yedo, Goldsborough Inlet, and the surrounding beautiful and classic landscape. Adams chose the spot himself. The people of Yedo erected memorial-stone lanterns at his tomb. Parry's fleet, in 1854, anchored within the very shadow of the Englishman's sepulchre. In May, 1872, Mr. Walter, of Yokohama, after a study of Hildreth and some search, discovered the tomb which others had sought for in vain. Two neat stone shafts in the characteristic style of native monumental architecture, set on a stone pediment, mark the spot. I visited it, in company of the bonze in charge of the Shin shin temple of the village, in July, 1873."

[35] See an account of their martyrdom in Pagés, _Hist. de la Religion Chrétienne an Japon_, pp. 498, _sqq._

[36] _I.e._, Andrea Dittis. This word is also written in other letters "Nokada" and "Nakauda"; and appears to be the Japanese word _Nakōdo_, a go-between or agent.

[37] India Office. MS.T.(b.), vol. i. _Supplement to China Materials_, p. 428. The abstract is referred to "Books received from India, no. 10-29."

[38] See the _Calendar of Colonial State Papers_, 1622-1624, no. 415.

[39] I would also draw attention to a curious expression (ii. 293): "Comend me to all our frendes, _both hees and howes_". Can this form of _she_ be a survival of Anglo-Saxon _heo_?

[40] Probably _The Mahumetane or Turkish Historie_, by Ralph Carr, 1600.

[41] _St. Augustine, of the Citie of God. With the learned comments of Jo. Lod. Vives._ Englished by J. H. 1610.

[42] India Office. _Court Minute Books_, vol. ix, f. 203.

[43] India Office. _Original Correspondence_, vol. xxviii, no. 3041.

[44] Particulars relating to the different proposals and attempts to re-open trade with Japan are collected in the MS. _Supplement to China Materials_, already referred to.

[45] _Purchas_, i. 373.

[46] _Ibid._, i. 406.

[47] Cocks usually reckons in the Japanese currency of _taels_, _mace_, and _candareens_, or as he terms them _taies_, _mas_, and _condrins_. The _tael_ is worth 10 _mace_, or 100 _candareens_; and is of the value of about six shillings, according to present computation. Cock puts it at five shillings.

[48] The _real_ of eight, or Spanish dollar of exchange.

[49] The China captain and his brother Whow or Whaw are constantly met with. I have found it more convenient to give in the Preface what account I have been able to gather of the different persons mentioned in the course of the Diary.

[50] Nagasaki.

[51] The Loo-choo or Riukiu group of islands, S.W. of Japan.

[52] _Dono_, a title of respect.

[53] Ogosho Samme is Iyéyasu, the founder of the Tokugawa dynasty of Shoguns, which lasted down to the revolution of 1868. _Samme_, as Cock writes it, is _Sama_, a title of respect appended to the name. Fidaia Samme is Hideyori, son of the famous Hideyoshi, the great warrior, better known as Taiko Sama. Hideyoshi, although holding supreme power, never received the title of Shogun. On his death he named his son Hideyori, then a child of six years, his successor, appointing at the same time a council of regency, in which Iyéyasu held the chief place. Iyéyasu's increasing power and popularity naturally roused the jealousy of others, the result being a struggle between an eastern army under Iyéyasu, and a western army led by his rivals and supporters of Hideyori. His great victory at Sekigahara, in 1600, confirmed the power of Iyéyasu for many years. In 1603, he was created Shogun by the Mikado. But Hideyori was not yet disposed of. He rose against Iyéyasu in 1614, but was besieged in Osaka; and a truce was patched up. But almost immediately Hideyori was again in arms with a following of 120,000 men, and intrenched himself at Osaka. The place was stormed, Hideyori's troops were utterly defeated, and he and his mother perished. Rumours of his escape lived for a long time among the people, and are frequently noticed in the course of this Diary. Klaproth, _Annales des Empereurs du Japon_ (London, 1734), p. 410, gives the following account: "Quelques officiers de l'armée de Fide yori mirent le feu au château d'Osaka, pour se concilier les bonnes grâces de Ye yasou, mais ils furent arrêtés dans leur fuite par les gens de Fide yori et mis à mort. Comme il n'était pas possible d'éteindre l'incendie, Fide yori se sauva dans le Fiougo, où il s'embarqua pour le Satsouma sur les bâtimens de cette province, qu'on y avait tenus à sa disposition en cas de besoin. On prétendit qu'il avait péri dans l'incendie de ce château, mais ce n'était qu'un bruit répandu pour favoriser sa fuite."

[54] Karatsu, on the N.W. coast of the neighbouring island of Kiushiu.

[55] ? Allowaies=aloes, a cotton material.

[56] Satsuma, the province in the S.W. of the island of Kiushiu.

[57] Shimonoseki strait.

[58] Square posts. _Kaku_ = square. More properly _kaku-bashira_ = a square post.

[59] Nanking.

[60] _Corge_, an Indian measure of 20 pieces.

[61] The materials here mentioned appear to be Indian cotton goods.

[62] The Daimio of Satsuma had lately, in 1609, subdued the Loo-choo Islands.

[63] Fukuoka, in the north of Kiushiu.

[64] Shongo Samme is Cocks' way of rendering _Shogun_. Iyéyasu held the Shogunate only two years, and in 1605 transferred that title to his son Hidetada, though still retaining much power. Hideyori (Fidaia Sama) had married Hidetada's daughter, who, when Osaka was on the point of being captured, was sent out of that fortress to her father.

[65] Two Jesuit priests were present in Osaka.

[66] "The _managoga_ contains 10,000 _ickmagogs_; the _ickmagog_, 1,000 _icgogas_; the latter, 100 _gantas_, or 300 _cocas_."--Kelly, _Universal Cambist_.

[67] _Bugiyo_, a superintendent.

[68] 16 _taels_ make a _catti_; 100 _cattis_, a _picul_. A _picul_ weighs about 130 lbs. avoirdupois.

[69] The head of the Dutch factory.

[70] Plate once melted.

[71] Interpreter.

[72] _Katabira_, a thin summer garment.

[73] Petty kings, or daimios.

[74] _Katana_, a sword.

[75] Dishes fitting into each other.

[76] _Wakizashi_, a short sword. Saris compares it to a "Welsh hook".

[77] In Omura, in Kiushiu.

[78] _Danko_, consultation.

[79] Higo, the western province of Kiushiu.

[80] Ruptured.

[81] In the south of the province of Hizen.

[82] Suruga.

[83] Omura, near Nagasaki, in Hizen.

[84] ? _Awomori sake_, a strong spirit, used chiefly in the southern provinces.

[85] Span. _bonito_, tunny.

[86] _I.e._, after the fashion of Japan. _Katachi_, figure, form.

[87] Small junks.

[88] Dollars.

[89] _Koromo_, a robe.

[90] Span. _recado_, a present.

[91] Copesmate, a partner, fellow-buyer.

[92] Decemviri, meaning, no doubt, his followers.

[93] It does not appear who was this John Devin, whose "entertainment" was so proverbial.

[94] In April 1614.

[95] Henry Frederic, born 2nd January 1614.

[96] Margaret, daughter of Charles Emmanuel, Duke of Savoy, had married Francis III, Duke of Mantua. She was now a widow, but did not marry the King of Spain.

[97] Probably a slip for "Manillia".

[98] Sing wine.

[99] _Furo_, literally a bath. Here used apparently for a dwelling house.

[100] The Dairi, or Mikado.

[101] "The highest subject generally received at the Emperor's hands the title of Kwanbakku (lit., the white boundary line), first given A.D. 880."--Dickson's _Japan_, p. 71.

[102] A _tattamy_ = about 6¼ feet.

[103] Temples.

[104] Span. _trampa_, trap.

[105] Bars. Hence the term gad-steel.

[106] Slippers. Fr. _pantoufles_.

[107] Perhaps a slip of the pen for "fixed across".

[108] _Chowtars_, a kind of calico.

[109] _Allegeas_ or _allegias_, an Indian stuff, made from cotton or grass.

[110] _Naginata_, a large-headed lance, or halberd.

[111] A _slurbow_, a kind of crossbow.

[112] Portug., _capitão mór_, captain-in-chief.

[113] _Borel_, coarse woollen cloth.

[114] _Biyō-bu_, a screen.

[115] ? _Maki_, a roll.

[116] Rudder.

[117] The neighbouring island of Iki or Ikshiu.

[118] Formosa.

[119] Span. _recado_, message.

[120] The wheels of pulleys.

[121] To _would_, to bind ropes about a mast to strengthen it.--Admiral Smith's _Seaman's Grammar_, 1692.

[122] _Touse_, or _toze_: to unravel.

[123] _Fune_, a boat.

[124] _Tabi_, stockings or socks.

[125] _Tatami_, a mat; used also for a measure of about 6 × 3 ft.

[126] _Mochi_, a cake.

[127] ? Cringe, in the sense of to constrain; and so to stickle, or haggle.

[128] _Watchet_, pale blue.

[129] _I.e._, duplicate copies.

[130] Span. _andar en dares y tomares_, to quarrel.

[131] Span. _patache_, a tender, or small vessel.

[132] _Bōdsu_, a bonze, or Buddhist priest.

[133] Boards.

[134] In the margin is a note--"A letter to Mr. Eaton". Cocks has here retained the words of his letter.

[135] _Dire_ = _tera_, in composition _dera_, a temple. _Yamabushi_, an order of travelling priests.

[136] _Sipres_, or _cipress_: a kind of gauze or crape.

[137] Span. _recado_, message.

[138] Fukae, on the north coast of Kiushiu.

[139] Hindustani, pickles.

[140] _Cha_, tea.

[141] Cummerbands.

[142] The metal piece protecting the end of the scabbard.

[143] Perhaps implements and fittings for hawking.

[144] A bezoar, formerly thought an antidote.

[145] Raspberries.

[146] Yuthia.

[147] _I.e._, rich.

[148] Nagoya.

[149] Shimonoseki.

[150] Kaminoseki.

[151] "Caminogari," in Kæmpfer's map.

[152] "Utaymado," in Kæmpfer's map.

[153] Fushimi.

[154] Hirakata.

[155] Otsu.

[156] Kusatsu.

[157] Minakuchi.

[158] Tsuchiyama.

[159] Kameyama.

[160] Shirako.

[161] Miya.

[162] Okazaki.

[163] Yoshida.

[164] Arai.

[165] Hamamatsu.

[166] Mitske.

[167] An income of ten thousand _koku_ of rice. A _koku_==5·13 bushels.

[168] Kakegawa.

[169] _Norimono_, sedan-chair.

[170] Missaka.

[171] Fujieta.

[172] Suruga.

[173] Kambara.

[174] Hara.

[175] Mishima.

[176] Hakone.

[177] Odawara.

[178] Oiso.

[179] Fujisawa.

[180] Totska.

[181] ? _Ubai_, plums.

[182] The _Koban_ was intrinsically worth £1 : 3 : 1; the _Ichibu_, 1_s._ 5¼_d._ But the proportionate value of gold to silver in Japan was as four to one, instead of the common valuation of fifteen to one.

[183] ? Tyamong, in Sumatra.

[184] Misaki, at the extreme south of the peninsula on the west of the entrance into Yedo Bay.

[185] Kawasaki.

[186] Blank in MS.

[187] ? Span., _tuerto_, blind of one eye.

[188] _Samisen_, a guitar of three strings.

[189] A marginal note in contradiction of some of the details is as follows: "This man did not kill his sonne, nether will the Empror let him nor the other have the land, for that the sonne of so unworthie a father is not fit to inherit, as he saieth."

[190] Kanagawa.

[191] Kamakura.

[192] Blank in MS. He refers to Yoritomo.

[193] _Side note._--"The littell doughter of Fidaia Samma is shorne non in this monestary, only to save her life, for it is a sanctuary and no justis may take her out."

[194] The great copper figure of Buddha or Daiboods.

[195] Fujisawa.

[196] Oiso.

[197] Odawara.

[198] Hakone yama, or the mountain pass of Hakone.

[199] Mishima.

[200] Kambara.

[201] Yui.

[202] Ejiri.

[203] Suruga.

[204] Fujieta.

[205] Kakegawa.

[206] Mitake.

[207] Arai.

[208] Yoshida.

[209] Fugikawa.

[210] Narami.

[211] Miya.

[212] Kuwana.

[213] Seki.

[214] Ishibe.

[215] _Roku-shaku_, a chair-bearer.

[216] Otsu.

[217] Hizen.

[218] Fushimi.

[219] Kagoshima.

[220] Diaboods, or Buddha. The colossal figure was melted down and coined into "cash" in 1664.--Dickson, _Japan_, 1869, p. 400.

[221] _I.e._, the title of _Kuwambaku_, conferred on the highest subject in the State.

[222] Span. _Dar_, or _hacer_, _higas_, to ridicule.

[223] _Makiye_, lacquer.

[224] Fushimi.

[225] Hirakata.

[226] Sapan wood.

[227] Boat.

[228] Bingo, in the main island.

[229] Tomu, in the province of Bingo.

[230] Higo.

[231] Kaminoseki.

[232] Shimonoseki.

[233] Half-cast.

[234] Hang-chow.

[235] The island of Shikoku.

[236] Affix signature.

[237] Perhaps Seto, a little to the north of Nagasaki.

[238] Almond cake or biscuit.

[239] ? Galls.

[240] Mortaza Ali.

[241] _Sakadzuki._

[242] Admiral.

[243] Champon, in the Gulf of Siam.

[244] See the notice of these events in the account of Peyton's second voyage to the East Indies, in Purchas's _Pilgrimes_, 1625, part I, lib. iv, cap. 15.

[245] Screens.

[246] Yuthia.

[247] George Dowriche, son of Robert Dowriche.--Tuckett, _Devonshire Pedigrees_.

[248] Mauritius.

[249] _Calambac_, the finest aloe wood.

[250] Blank in MS.

[251] These words struck out.

[252] _Bon_, the feast of lanterns.

[253] Space left in MS.

[254] _Perpetuana_, a woollen stuff.

[255] Cassia.

[256] ? Persian: _poshak_, a garment.

[257] Nagoya.

[258] _Rosa solis_, a pleasant liquor, made of brandy, cinnamon, etc.--Bailey's _Dictionary_.

[259] Yu, in the province of Suwo, in the main island.

[260] Tomu in Bingo, in Kæmpfer's map.

[261] Utsymado and Muru, in Kæmpfer's map.

[262] Takasago.

[263] _Contore_ or _counter_, a counting table or desk.

[264] Go Yô seï in, who resigned office in 1612.

[265] Otsu.

[266] Muki. A blank left in the MS., but the name is given under the next day.

[267] Perhaps this may mean _barrage_, a cloth, made of _bariga_, or Indian silk.

[268] Another form seems to be _serone_.

[269] Span. _quintal_, a hundredweight.

[270] ? Black man. Dutch, _zwart_.

[271] Blank in MS.

[272] Hizen.

[273] A technical term for a band of musicians. See an entry in Alleyn's _Diary_ (in this same year, 8 Dec., 1617), "given a noyse off trumpeters yt sownded, 0 : 2 : 6".--G. F. Warner, _Catalogue of MSS. of Dulwich College_, 1881, p. 167.

Transcriber's Note

Volume i Errata from page liv have been incorporated.

End of Project Gutenberg's Diary of Richard Cocks Vol. I, by Richard Cocks