Chapter I: Part 1

PATRONS ARE INFORMED THAT GREAT CARE HAS BEEN EXERCISED IN ASSEMBLING THE SPECIMENS COMPRISING THE “DOGS OF ALL NATIONS” EXHIBIT AND MOST OF THEM MAY BE PURCHASED.

APPLY TO PROPRIETOR,
W. E. MASON, “DOGS OF ALL NATIONS,”
PANAMA-PACIFIC INTERNATIONAL EXPOSITION,
SAN FRANCISCO, CAL.

EUROPEAN OFFICE—
407 LORD STREET, SOUTHPORT, ENG.

DOGS
OF ALL
NATIONS

_By W. E. MASON_

A COMPLETE WORK, PROFUSELY ILLUSTRATED, BEARING ON THE WORLD’S DIFFERENT VARIETIES OF THE DOG, GROUPED UNDER THEIR SEVERAL NATIONALITIES, WITH DESCRIPTIVE MATTER EXPLAINING THE CHARACTERISTICS AND UTILITY OF EACH ❧ ❧ ❧ ❧ ❧ ❧

In Grateful Recognition

of the patronage bestowed on his effort to assemble a representative
collection of all known breeds of dogs at

The Panama-Pacific International Exposition 1915

the author respectfully dedicates this work to the following members of

The English Peerage

The Earl of Lonsdale, J. P., D. L.
The Earl of Huntington, D. L.
The Duke of Beaufort, A. D. C., J. P., D. L.
The Marquis of Linlithgow.
Lord Viscount Hemsley.
Lord Vivian, P. C., G. C. M. G., C. B.
Lord Middleton, J. P., C. A., R. A.
Lord Herbert Vane-Tempest, K. C. V. O.
Lord Fitzhardinge, J. P., D. L.
Sir Wm. Savory, Bart.
Sir Edmund Chaytor, Bart.
Sir Wyndham Hanmer, Bart., J. P., D. L.
Sir Daniel F. Gooch, Bart., J. P.
Sir M. Bromley-Wilson, Bart.
The Duchess of Hamilton.
Lady Viscountess Malden.
Lady Viscountess Valletort.
Lady Sophie Scott.
Lady Fairbairn.
Lady Muriel Worthington.
Lady V. Lacon.

Preface

The world-wide and constantly increasing interest in dogs prompts the author to present in concise form, and at a price within the reach of all, a description and illustration of every variety now known to be breeding true to type.

An attempt is also made to group them in Nationalities, though, since it is admitted that the origin of certain varieties is somewhat obscure, no arbitrary lines can be laid down in this respect. Originality as to descriptions is not, in many instances, claimed by the author, though where the occasion seemed to call for it, modern ideals have been incorporated in the text. On the contrary, he acknowledges with thanks the services rendered by the following accepted authorities:

Stonehenge
Count Henry A. Graaf Van Bylandt
Theo. Marples
Dr. Caius

Unless otherwise stated, the maximum sizes of the various breeds have been given. Bitches may be taken as about ten per cent lighter than the dogs. Owing to the exigencies of space the descriptions have been confined to color, size, head, ears, eye, tail and general appearance. Dogs, all the world over, more or less, are intended to be straight and strong on the legs, possessed of well padded feet and in other ways endowed with working qualifications.

The author’s object will have been attained if the subject, in the form presented, is found acceptable to dog lovers who have not the leisure to study the more exhaustive works on dogs.

English Breeds

BLOODHOUND
BULLDOG
BULLDOG (Miniature)
ENGLISH FOXHOUND
TRAIL HOUND
HARRIER
BEAGLE
COLLIE (Rough-coated)
COLLIE (Smooth-coated)
RETRIEVER (Flat-coated)
RETRIEVER (Curly-coated)
RETRIEVER (Golden)
POINTER
ENGLISH SETTER
ENGLISH SPRINGER
SUSSEX SPANIEL
CLUMBER SPANIEL
WATER SPANIEL
FIELD SPANIEL
COCKER SPANIEL
FOX TERRIER (Smooth-coated)
FOX TERRIER (Wire-haired)
ENGLISH GREYHOUND
WHIPPET
BULL TERRIER
BULL TERRIER (Miniature)
AIREDALE TERRIER
BEDLINGTON TERRIER
MANCHESTER TERRIER
MANCHESTER TERRIER (Miniature)
MASTIFF
WHITE ENGLISH TERRIER
WHITE ENGLISH TERRIER (Miniature)
OLD ENGLISH SHEEPDOG
OTTERHOUND
YORKSHIRE TERRIER
TOY SPANIEL (King Charles)
TOY SPANIEL (Prince Charles)
TOY SPANIEL (Ruby)
TOY SPANIEL (Blenheim)

BLOODHOUND

Color: Black and tan, red and tan, and tawny; the darker colors being sometimes interspersed with lighter or badger-colored hair and sometimes flecked with white. Too much white is objectionable.

Height: 26 in.

Weight: 90 lbs.

The Bloodhound possesses in remarkable degree every point and characteristic of those dogs which hunt together by scent. He is very powerful and stands over more ground than is usual with hounds of other breeds. The skin is thin to the touch, and extremely loose, this being more especially noticeable about the head and neck, where it hangs in deep folds. His temperament is extremely affectionate, neither quarrelsome with companions nor with other dogs, and he is somewhat shy and sensitive.

BULLDOG

Color: White or white with black mask or muzzle, brindle, red, fawns (fallows, occasionally pied and mixed colors).

Weight: A. exceeding 55 lbs.; B. exceeding 45 lbs.; C. not exceeding 45 lbs.

Until by law abolished, the Bulldog was used for bull baiting. In general appearance the bulldog should be a low-set, heavy-boned, smooth-coated dog built on broad and powerful lines. His head should be strikingly massive and large in proportion to the dog’s size, the face extremely short, muzzle very broad, blunt and inclined upwards, body short and well knit, the limbs stout and muscular, hind quarters very high and strong, but rather lightly made in comparison with its heavily made foreparts. The dog conveys an impression of determination, strength and activity.

The Bulldog may be said to occupy the pride of place amongst the non-sporting varieties. Furthermore, it is one of the oldest of them and has been selected by the British themselves to typify the national character and is often termed the national breed. Certain it is that he conveys a “what we have we’ll hold” impression, and for a dogged, determined, courageous and tenacious symbol one could not imagine any breed filling the role more aptly.

BULLDOG (Miniature)

Weight: Not exceeding 22 lbs.

The points and characteristics of this sub-division of the British bulldog may be summed up in the simple statement that it should be an exact duplicate in miniature of the larger specimen in every point and detail, excepting size.

ENGLISH FOXHOUND

Color: Not of great moment so long as it is not wholly black or wholly white. The favorite color is black and hare-tan, distributed in large patches on a white ground.

Height: 25 in.

Weight: 85 lbs.

A clean-cut, powerful hound. He has oblique and well laid-back shoulders, gracefully arched neck, good spring of rib, strong loins, and powerful hindquarters.

Skull should be flat, of medium width, the muzzle long, rather narrow and deep and square at the end, with large nostrils. He is endowed with extraordinary bone and hard, cat-like feet.

TRAIL HOUND

Color: White with red, brown or yellow patches.

Height: 24 in.

Weight: 46 lbs.

This is a well built and symmetrical dog with a large head, domed in skull, “stop” not too pronounced, occipital bone fairly well developed and with good length of muzzle. The eyes are rather small and brown in color. Nose sharp with open nostrils. The ears are set on low and lay close to the head. The back is strong and muscular, and chest deep. Legs straight, long and muscular. Stern is of medium length, carried higher than the back and the coat short and dense.

HARRIER

Color: Any hound color.

Height: 18 in.

Weight: 56 lbs.

The leading features of Harriers are long heads, free from “stop,” square muzzles, sloping shoulders, straight forelegs, round cat-like feet, short backs, well sprung ribs, strong loins, and sound hindquarters with well bent stifles.

BEAGLE

Color: Blue mottle, black tan and white, black and tan, lemon and white or any other hound color.

Height: 15 in.

The beagle is without doubt one of the oldest distinct breeds we have.

Beagles to be very choice can scarcely be bred too small. Although far inferior in speed to the harrier the sense of smelling is equally if not more exquisite in the beagle.

The short back, compact body, straight legs, round feet, powerful loins, nicely placed shoulders, and the true beagle head is a beautiful thing to look upon.

There are also the “pocket” beagle, which stands not more than 11 in. high and a rough or wire-haired variety, though now very scarce. They are hardy and useful in a rough country.

COLLIE
(Rough-Coated)

Color: Any color is accepted provided the markings do not disfigure. The most popular colors are sable, with its many varying shades, and white markings, black with white and tan markings, and blue merles.

Height: 24 in.

Weight: 65 lbs.

The collie is a lithe, active dog, and is remarkable chiefly for his intelligent, cunning, yet kindly outlook, his magnificent coat and the devotion he displays to his master. The elegance of his outline is quite distinct from any other breed and shows great strength and activity. The head should be moderately long, proportionate to the size of the dog, with a flat skull moderately wide between the ears, and a very slight elevation at the eyebrows, and very little “stop.” The muzzle should be well filled up before the eyes. The ears are small and when at attention should be carried semi-erect, with the tips turning slightly outwards. The eyes are a most important feature in this breed. They should be almond-shaped, not too large or too small, set obliquely in the head, and of a dark hazel color. The blue merles should have a merled or “China” eye, though this is not an essential. On the size, color and placing of the eyes, together with the size and placement of the ears depends the expression and characteristic outlook which is so appreciated by connoisseurs. The neck should be long, body fairly short, with well sprung ribs, chest deep and forelegs straight. Any tendency to cow-hocks in the hind legs should be penalized. The tail should be fairly long, carried low when in repose, and straight or gaily when excited. The coat, except on the mask, tips of ears and legs where it is smooth, should be very abundant, especially around the neck and chest, where it should form a distinct cape and frill. A dense undercoat is also very essential.

COLLIE
(Smooth Coated)

The smooth collie is identical with his rough-coated brother, excepting that the coat should be short, dense and flat, with an abundance of undercoat.

FLAT-COATED RETRIEVER

Color: Rich black, free from rustiness and from white. There is also a Golden Retriever so named because of the golden or yellow color of his coat.

Height: 25 in.

Weight: 68 lbs.

The symmetry and elegance of this dog are considerable and essential, and he has a decidedly sporting character. The head should be long with the skull wide and flat at the top, and slight furrow down the middle. Eyes of medium size, dark brown or hazel in color with a bright intelligent and mild expression indicating a good temper. The neck long and muscular, chest broad and deep with well developed and well sprung ribs. The tail should be bushy but not feathered, carried gaily but not curled over the back. His coat should be fairly long, bright, close and thick, and either straight or slightly waved.

CURLY-COATED RETRIEVER

Color: Black or liver, a white patch on chest is objectionable.

Height: 26 in.

Weight: 68 lbs.

A strong, smart dog moderately low on leg, active, lively, beaming with intelligence and expression. The head should be long and narrow for the length, the eyes should be rather large and cannot be too dark. Chest not too wide but decidedly deep, back muscular and rather short with powerful loins, straight forelegs and plenty of bone. The coat should be formed of small tight curls all over the body much resembling the Astrachan.

POINTER

Color: A predominance of white is most favored by sportsmen. Liver and white, lemon and white, and black and white are also quite common. Whole colors black, liver and various shades of yellow are also quite correct.

Height: 26 in.

Weight: 70 lbs.

The Pointer is an elegantly shaped dog, symmetrical and well built all over, of great strength and endurance, yet full of refinement and very speedy. The leading essentials of a good Pointer are pace, endurance, intelligence, and powers of smell. The head should be fairly long and broad at the skull, muzzle long and well filled up. Eyes soft and dark brown in color. Ears soft and hanging gracefully. Neck well arched and long, free from dewlap or throatiness. Ribs well arched. Loins and hind quarters very muscular. The stern must be strong at the root and free from the slightest approach to curl at the tip.

ENGLISH SETTER

Color: Black and white ticked, with large splashes and more or less marked with black, known as blue belton; orange and white, ticked as in the blacks and blues; liver and white, ticked in similar manner; black and white, with tan markings; orange or lemon with white ticks; black and white; liver and white. Pure white, black, liver and red or yellow are occasionally seen but not desirable.

Height: 24 in.

Weight: 60 lbs.

This dog owns an elegant outline. The skull is moderately narrow between the ears, with prominent occiput, a decided brow over the eyes, with long muzzle. The eyes should be dark brown in color, and are full of animation. Ears small, thin and soft, carried close to the cheeks. The neck should be slightly arched, but must not be throaty, chest deep and wide, tail should be carried with a gentle sweep downwards, and well feathered with straight silky hair. The coat is soft and silky without curl, and he should have plenty of feather on both fore and hind legs.

CLUMBER SPANIEL

Color: Creamy white with lemon markings; orange markings not so typical.

Height: 18 in.

Weight: 65 lbs.

This is a long, low, massive dog, with a thoughtful expression. The skull is large, massive and broad on top, with decided occiput, heavy brow and deep stop. The muzzle should be of medium length, square and with flews well developed. His orange brown eyes are of medium size and deep set. The ears are large and pointed at the tip and the hair on them should be straight. His neck is thick and powerful, well feathered underneath, and his body is long, strong and barrel-like and the hind quarters very powerful and muscular. The stern is docked, well feathered, low set, and carried level with the back, and his coat is abundant, soft and straight.

The Clumber is said to have been evolved by one of the Dukes of Newcastle at Clumber Castle, in Nottinghamshire, England, from which connection he takes his name.

The breed is also affected by other influential members of the English peerage, which, together with his dignified bearing and classical lineage, account for being dubbed the aristocrat of the spaniel family. The Clumber differs from all other varieties of the Spaniel in that he is considerably heavier and more massive and therefore less active and a slower dog in the field. For this reason he is used largely by sportsmen who do not care to travel as fast as the more agile varieties work.

Albeit as an all-round hunter the Clumber is probably without his equal and is excellent alike both as a field and water dog.

ENGLISH SPRINGER

Color: Almost any color.

Height: 20 in.

Weight: 50 lbs.

This dog is leggier in comparison to any other field spaniel and has a short and symmetrical body, long head, square muzzle, rather narrow skull, and low-set ears. He combines strength with activity, courage with docility, and all the characteristics of a workman and gentleman combined, but without his vices. The coat is thick, firm and smooth or slightly wavy, and must not be too long.

SUSSEX SPANIEL

Color: A deep shaded golden liver.

Height: 16 in.

Weight: 45 lbs.

In appearance the Sussex Spaniel is a sedate and thoughtful looking dog when at rest but is full of life and activity when at work. The skull is massive and heavy for his size with the forehead projecting over the eyes. The jaws are long and square with flews fairly well developed and nostrils large and of liver color. The eyes should be hazel in color, large and soft in expression and should not show any haw. Ears large and well furnished with silky hair. The body is long and round, with chest deep and ample. The hind quarters are very muscular. The stern should be docked to about 6 in. in length, set low, with a downward action and well feathered. A low carriage of tail is most desirable. The coat is straight or slightly wavy, thick, soft and abundant.

FIELD SPANIEL

Color: Jet black throughout, a little white on chest, though a drawback, should not disqualify.

Height: 15 in.

Weight: 50 lbs.

This is a moderately low and long dog, sound in the hind limbs, with well sprung ribs and strong quarters. The head should be long and level on top, with some stop. The skull should be narrow and the muzzle deep and square. The ears are set on low and moderately long. The eye should always be dark. The coat is flat, dense and glossy, with a fair amount of feathering. Excessive feathering is objectionable.

COCKER SPANIEL

Color: Jet black. A white, short frill is not disqualified but is not desirable. Other colors—liver, lemon, red or any of these colors with white or tan or both.

Height: 12 in.

Weight: 25 lbs.

This dog should be shaped like a setter in miniature, but he is more merry and alert in expression and behavior. It is essential that he should combine small size with great activity. The skull is fairly long and forehead raised. Color of eyes varies according to the color of the coat, but should always be mild in expression. The ears are of moderate size, broad rather than long and fairly well covered with hair. His neck is long, clean, arched, and muscular, with well developed body and very strong hind quarters. The stern is docked, carried downwards, and has a perpetually vibrating movement, a sort of restless quivering, peculiar to his breed. The coat is smooth or slightly wavy, very dense but not very long.

FOX TERRIER
(Smooth Coated)

Color: White should predominate; brindle, red or liver markings are objectionable.

Height: 16 in.

Weight: 20 lbs.

This dog generally presents a gay, lively and active appearance. He must also possess speed and endurance, and the symmetry of an English Foxhound. He must on no account be leggy, and like a well built hunter cover plenty of ground without being long in the body. The skull is flat and moderately narrow, ears V-shaped and small, dropping forward close to the cheek, jaws strong and muscular. Eyes dark in color, small, full of fire and intelligence, neck clean and muscular without throatiness, chest deep but not broad, and the back should be short, straight and strong. His legs viewed in any direction must be straight, well boned throughout, and short and straight at the pasterns. His feet should be round and compact, tail set on rather high, always docked, and carried gaily, but not over the back or curled, and should be well coated. His coat is straight, flat, smooth, hard, dense and abundant.

FOX TERRIER
(Wire-haired)

This variety is identical with the smooth-coated Fox Terrier, except in the matter of coat, which should be broken, and the harder and more wiry the texture the better. On no account should it look or feel woolly or silky. The coat should not be too long so as to give him a shaggy appearance.

ENGLISH GREYHOUND

Color: Any color, but those preferred are black, red or brindles, fawn, blue and slates.

Height: 27 in.

Weight: 65 lbs.

The Greyhound’s head should be fairly wide between the ears and of good length. The muzzle is long and lean. The eyes are full, bright and penetrating, giving one the idea of high spirits and animation. The ears are set well back on the head, small and folding when at rest, but raised when in action. The neck is fairly long, arched and very flexible. The shoulders should be as oblique as possible. Chest wide and deep, back powerful and arched, loins strong, broad and deep, and the hind legs very muscular, somewhat long, the stifles strong and well bent, and very muscular thighs. The tail is long, fine and nicely curved. A terse description of this dog is contained in the following couplet:

The head of a snake,
The neck of a drake,
A back like a beam,
A side like a bream,
The tail of a rat,
And the foot of a cat.

WHIPPET

This dog is a greyhound in miniature. The weights of the racing whippet vary from 10 to 23 lbs., the best running weight being about 16 lbs., which is also considered the best size for an ideal show specimen.

BULL TERRIER

Color: Pure white.

Height: 18 in.

Weight: 60 lbs.

This is a symmetrically built dog and the embodiment of agility, grace, elegance and determination. He is styled by some as the Gladiator of the canine race. Certainly he is plucky, yet generations of training have made him the easiest of dogs to control. The skull is flat and wide between the ears, and there should be no stop. The jaws are long and very powerful, eyes small, very black and of almond shape. Ears when not cropped should be small and carried semi-erect. The neck is long and slightly arched without any loose skin. Chest wide and deep with well sprung ribs, back short and muscular, tail short, set on very low down, thick at the root, and tapering to a fine point, and must never be carried over the back. The coat is short, close and stiff to the touch, with a fine gloss.

TOY BULL TERRIER

This dog should resemble the bull terrier in every respect except as to size.

Height, 12 in.

Weight, 15 lbs.

AIREDALE TERRIER

Color: The head and ears, with the exception of dark markings on each side of skull, should be rich tan, as also should be the legs to the thighs and elbows. The body should be black or dark grizzle.

Height: About 24 in.

Weight: About 50 lbs.

This dog is of a fairly recent creation. He is a sensible and companionable dog, game to the core and a fine guard. He has a well knit frame, great bone for his size, a long punishing jaw and lean head, with a keen expression and a wiry, weather resisting coat. His ears should be small and V-shaped. The tail is set on high and carried gaily, but not curled over the back. The coat is hard and wiry but not so long as to appear ragged. It should be straight and close.

BEDLINGTON TERRIER

Color: Dark blue, blue and tan, liver, liver and tan, sandy, sandy and tan.

Height: 16 in.

Weight: 24 lbs.

In general appearance the Bedlington is a lightly built, lathy dog, but not shelly. The skull is narrow, deep and rounded, high at the occiput, covered with a nice silky tuft or top-knot. His muzzle must be long and tapering. The eyes are small, placed obliquely, and close together, and in shade should follow the color of the dog. The ears are moderately large, placed low, thinly covered and tipped with fine silky hair, and filbert shaped. The neck is long and chest deep, though not wide. The back should be slightly arched, and the body well ribbed up. The tail is thick at the root and scimitar shaped. The coat is a mixture of hard and soft hair, of the stand-off variety, and crisp to the touch.

MANCHESTER TERRIER

Color: Jet black and rich mahogany tan. The position of the tan markings is important. The muzzle should be tanned to the nose. A bright spot on each cheek and above each eye and the under-jaw and throat are tanned with a distinct black V mark immediately under the jaw. The fore legs should be tanned up to the knee, with black lines up each toe, and a black “thumb” mark above the foot. The insides of the hind legs tanned, but divided with black at the hock joint. The under part of the tail is also tanned, and there should be a light tan mark at each side of the chest. Tan outside of hind legs, commonly called “breeching,” is a serious defect, and in all cases the black should not run into the tan, or vice versa. The two colors should be well defined.

Height: 17 in.

Weight: 20 lbs.

This is a good boned dog with the appearance of speed and activity rather than of strength, and he should be free of any approach to the whippet type. Head should be long, flat and narrow at skull, level and wedge-shaped, and well filled up before the eyes, which should be small, brilliant and dark. The ears if cropped should be carried erect. Chest narrow and deep, body moderately short with well sprung ribs. The tail is rather short and should not be carried higher than the back, and the coat is close, smooth, short and glossy.

In the opinion of many the ban of the English Kennel Club, which now prohibits the cropping of dogs’ ears, has seriously impaired the popularity of this breed, as it is claimed that drop ears, no matter how small and neatly they may be carried, compare unfavorably with the smart appearance conveyed by neatly cropped ears. None the less a tremendous amount of suffering unquestionably has been prevented as a result of the English Kennel Club’s ruling, and all good sportsmen will endorse its decision.

TOY MANCHESTER TERRIER

This dog should resemble his larger brother in every respect except that he should be under ten inches in height and under six pounds in weight.

MASTIFF

Color: Apricot or silver fawn or dark fawn brindle. In any case the muzzle, ears and nose should be black, with black shadings around the orbits extending upwards between them.

Height: 28 in.

Weight: 170 lbs.

This is a large, massive, powerful dog, with symmetrical and well knit frame, a combination of grandeur, good nature, courage and docility. The head offers a square appearance when viewed from any point. Great depth is much desired. The skull is broad between the ears, with muscles on the temples and cheeks well developed. There should be a depression up the center of the forehead. The muzzle is short, blunt and square. The eyes are small, wide apart, with stop between the eyes well marked, and of a hazel-brown color, showing no haw. The ears are small, thin, set on high and lay flat to the cheeks. The chest is wide and deep and the back wide and muscular with great depth of flanks. His tail is thick at the root and hangs straight in repose. The coat is short and close laying.

The Mastiff is one of the very oldest breeds known to the British Isles. The Assyrian kings possessed a large dog of decided Mastiff type and used it for lion hunting. Credible authorities point to a similarity, also, between the Mastiff and the fierce Molorsian of the ancient Greeks, and it is claimed by many students that the breed was introduced into Britain in the sixth century B. C. by adventurous Phoenician traders.

WHITE ENGLISH TERRIER

Color: Pure white.

This terrier should resemble the Manchester terrier illustrated on the previous page in every respect excepting in regard to color, which should be a pure white.

OLD ENGLISH SHEEPDOG

Color: Any shade of gray, grizzle or blue with or without white markings. Height: 24 in. Weight: 65 lbs.

This is a strong, compact dog, profusely coated, with a characteristic ambling when trotting, and owns a thick-set, muscular short body, liberal bone, and a most intelligent expression. The skull is capacious, squarely formed, and well covered with hair. The eyes vary in color according to the shade of the dog. A “wall” or “China” eye is considered typical. The small ears are carried flat to the side of his head. Many are bred tailless, if otherwise they are docked close. The coat is profuse, of good hard texture, not straight, but shaggy, yet free from curl. He should have plenty of undercoat.

This breed is also of very early origin and has been bred in England for some hundreds of years. He is probably a relic of the early pastoral days when the wolf inhabited the British isles, from which the flocks and herds had to be protected. Some authorities claim, however, that he is a descendant of the Russian Owtchar.

WHITE ENGLISH TOY TERRIER

This Toy Terrier should resemble the white English Terrier mentioned on the previous page in every respect except as regards size, which should be under ten inches high and under 6 lbs. weight.

OTTERHOUND

Color: Grizzle and tan, blue and tan, yellow or red.

Height: 26 in.

Weight: 90 lbs.

The Rough-Coated Otterhound’s head should be large, but not showing quite the peak of the bloodhound, long with strong and powerful jaws, the whole appearance being sedate and intelligent. The eye should be dark, the haw sometimes showing, but this is not a defect of the breed. His long and pendulous ears are set on close to the head and covered with hair short and fine in texture. The coat is hard, crisp, and not too long, having also a close, woolly, water-resisting undercoat.

YORKSHIRE TERRIER

Color: On the head a beautiful golden tan, much darker on the ears. The back and tail should be dark blue inclining to silver, the latter color extending over the other portions of the body, excepting the legs, which should be a golden tan.

There are two classes for weight, under 5 lbs., and over 5 lbs. but not exceeding 12 lbs.

This is a long-coated pet dog, the coat hanging quite straight and evenly down each side with a parting extending from the nose to the end of the tail. His general appearance is one of compactness and neatness, with a sprightly and important bearing. The head is rather small and should be flat. The hair should be very long on his muzzle and chin, of a rich tan shade, and on no account intermingled with dark or sooty hair. The ears when cropped are carried quite erect; when not cropped, semi-erect. His body is very compact, and level on back. The tail is cut to a medium length and should be well covered with dark blue hair, especially at the end. The coat should be as long as possible, straight and glossy as silk, and not wavy or woolly.

TOY SPANIEL

Weight: Not exceeding 10 lbs.

The color of this dog varies with his breed, there being four varieties: A. The King Charles; B. Tri-color, or Prince Charles; C. Ruby; D. Blenheim.

The King Charles is a rich glossy black, with deep tan spots over the eyes and on the cheeks.

The Tri-color or Prince Charles should have the tan of the King Charles with markings like the Blenheim in black instead of red, on a pearly white ground, the ears and under the tail should be lined with tan, and he has no “spot.”

The Ruby is a rich chestnut red and a few white hairs intermixed on his chest carries great weight against him, as they do on the chest of the King Charles.

The Blenheim must on no account be whole colored, but should have a ground of pure pearly white, with bright, rich chestnut or Ruby markings, evenly distributed in large patches, and should have a spot on the forehead.

Strictly speaking this breed might, with some justice, be classed with the Spanish breeds, as unquestionably the King Charles Spaniel originally hailed from that country, but since the early part of the seventeenth century certain families of the English nobility have affected him and it is equally true to assign the production of the other three varieties to their influence and breeding operations.

The King Charles’s compactness of shape almost rivals that of the Pug. He has a broad back and wide chest. The head is well domed, and in good specimens is semi-globular, and the skull should project over the eyes, so as to nearly meet the upturned nose. The eyes are set wide apart, are large and dark, with enormous pupils. The stop is well marked, some good specimens exhibiting a hollow. The nose is short and well turned up and should be both deep and wide with open nostrils. The ears must be long so as to almost touch the ground, are set low on the head, and be heavily feathered. The coat is long, silky, soft and wavy, but not curly. In the Blenheim there should be a profuse mane. The feathering should be well displayed on the ears and feet, and on the King Charles the feathering is very long and profuse. The feathering on the tail (which is cut to the length of three or four inches) should be silky, forming a marked “flag” of a square shape, and must not be carried above the level of the back.

Irish Breeds

IRISH WOLFHOUND
IRISH TERRIER
KERRY BEAGLE
IRISH SETTER
IRISH WATER SPANIEL

IRISH WOLFHOUND

Color: Gray, red, black, pure white, fawn and brindle.

Height: 35 in.

Weight: 150 lbs.

This dog though not as heavy and massive as the Great Dane is more so than the Deerhound. He has a commanding appearance and is very muscular, strongly though gracefully built, with movements easy and active. The head is long, skull not too broad, and muzzle moderately pointed. Eyes dark in color, ears small and of the greyhound type, neck very strong, muscular and well arched, with a long back and muscular thighs. The tail is long and slightly curved and well covered with hair. Coat should be rough and hard on the body, legs and head, and especially long and wiry over the eyes and under the jaw.

This breed is undoubtedly of great antiquity and was freely bred and used hundreds of years ago in Ireland for the hunting of wolves. When wolves became extinct the breeding of Irish Wolfhounds came to its lowest ebb, but during the last twenty years great strides have been made to resuscitate, and it is now one of the most popular of the large varieties on the show bench.

IRISH TERRIER

Color: Whole colored bright red, red, wheaten or yellow-red. A little white is permissible on chest and feet, but is not desirable.

Height: 18 in.

Weight: 24 lbs.

The outstanding feature of this dog is a style of physiognomy and expression peculiarly his own. The head is a little longer than the fox terrier’s, his eyes hazel rather than very dark, and so set as to give him the sort of dare-devil expression for which he is so famous. The ears are small and V-shaped and drop forward close to the cheek. The back should be strong, with loins broad and powerful. The stern is generally docked, should be well covered with rough hair but free from feathering. The coat is hard, wiry, straight and flat.

KERRY BEAGLE

Color: Black and tan, blue mottled and tan, black tan and white, tan and white.

Height: 22 in.

Weight: 45 lbs.

A well built and muscular dog. Head of moderate length, broad in skull, slightly arched from eyes to point of nose, with long round muzzle. The eyes are large, bright and intelligent, varying in color from bright yellow to a deep brown. Ears large, pendulous, falling below the neck and set on low. Chest deep but not broad. Back strong, moderate in length and muscular. The stern is long and evenly furnished with hair, thick at the root and carried curved upwards. The coat is hard, close and smooth.

IRISH SETTER

In the leading essentials, this dog is similar to its English brother. The main difference between the two is that the head of the Irish dog is not quite so long in proportion and the occipital bone not so well developed. His eyes, too, are lighter, and show less haw, and his expression, like that of the Irish Water Spaniel and the Irish Terrier, is different than any English variety. In fact it is a characteristic purely Irish expression.

IRISH SPANIEL WATER

Color: A pure deep liver without any white.

Height: 23 in.

Weight: 60 lbs.

This is a highly intelligent dog with a rare combination of power and activity. The skull is capacious with forehead prominent. Ears are set on low, are long and well feathered. The neck muscular, body well ribbed, chest deep and broad. The stern is thick at the root, is short and tapers to a fine point, and is carried quite stiff and straight. It should be covered with short, smooth hair, and present a whip-like appearance. The coat is oily and on the body composed of small crisp ringlets, on the head is a pronounced top-knot of long ringlets. The mask is perfectly smooth.

Scottish Breeds

SKYE TERRIER (prick-eared)
SKYE TERRIER (drop-eared)
WEST HIGHLAND WHITE TERRIER
SCOTTISH TERRIER
SCOTTISH DEERHOUND
GORDON SETTER
DANDIE DINMONT
CAIRN TERRIER
SHETLAND SHEEPDOG
BEARDED COLLIE

SKYE TERRIER
(Prick-eared)

Color: Dark or light blue or gray, or fawn with black points. Ears much darker than the body.

Height: 9 in.

Weight: 18 lbs.

This is a dog of long and low structure. The skull is wide at front of brow, narrows between the ears and tapers gradually toward the muzzle. The eyes should be hazel color and set close together. Ears small, carried nearly erect, and the neck long. The back should be level and slightly declining from hip to shoulders, and should be very long and low. The tail should hang perpendicular with a slight backward curl at the end. This dog’s coat should be long, hard, straight and flat, with a short, dense woolly undercoat. The hair on the head is shorter and softer than on the rest of the body, and should veil the forehead and eyes.

SKYE TERRIER (Drop-eared)

The drop-eared Skye Terrier is identical with his prick-eared brother in every respect, except that the ears are a little larger, should hang straight down, lying flat at the side of the head, and incline a little towards the front.

WEST HIGHLAND WHITE TERRIER

Color: Pure white.

Height: 12 in.

Weight: 17 lbs.

In general appearance this dog is a small, game, hardy-looking terrier, with a varminty appearance, strongly built, with straight back on muscular legs. The coat should be about two and one-half inches long, of a hard texture, with plenty of undercoat, and no tendency to wave or curl. The tail should be straight, carried not too gaily, covered with hard hair, but not bushy. The ears are small and as pointed as possible, and carried absolutely erect. Eyes of moderate size, dark hazel in color, widely placed, with a sharp, bright, intelligent expression. The muzzle should be long and powerful.

SCOTTISH TERRIER

Color: Steel or Iron-gray, Black-brindle, Brown-brindle, Gray brindle, Grizzled, Black, Sandy and Wheaten.

(White markings are objectionable.)

Height: 12 in.

Weight: 20 lbs.

In general appearance this dog should appear to be higher on the leg than he really is. He should look compact, be possessed of great muscle in the hind quarters, and be powerfully put together throughout. He should own a sharp, bright, and active expression, and head should be carried well up. Skull should be long, slightly domed, very powerful muzzle and very little stop. Eyes of dark hazel color, set wide apart, small, piercing and very bright. Ears small and erect, and sharp pointed, and covered with a velvety hair. The neck is short, thick and muscular. Chest broad, body short and well ribbed up, and exceedingly strong in hind quarters. The tail is never docked and should be carried gaily. The coat is about two inches long on the body, dense, hard and wiry in texture.

DEERHOUND

Color: Dark blue-gray, brindles, yellow and sandy, red or red fawn, especially if with black points. White is objectionable.

Height: 30 in.

Weight: 100 lbs.

In general form the deerhound should be like a greyhound, but heavier and wiry coated. The head is long and the muzzle tapers decidedly toward the nose. The skull should be flat with no stop. The eyes are dark brown or hazel, and convey a soft look in repose, but a keen far-away expression when the dog is aroused. The ears are set on high and should fall back. A prick ear is bad, and a thick ear hanging flat to the head or heavily coated is an even worse fault. The neck is fairly long and very strong, and should carry sufficient coat to form a mane. The chest is deep rather than broad, and the tail is fairly long and carried straight down or curved when in repose. The coat on the body, neck and quarters should be harsh and wiry, and about three or four inches long. The Deerhound should be a shaggy dog. A woolly coat is bad.

SHETLAND SHEEPDOG

This variety is of recent origin, the questionable intention being to evolve a toy collie. The weights aimed at are from 7 to 10 lbs., and the colors and conformation throughout should follow the collie as nearly as possible. Considerable strides have already been made in this direction, though the author does not regard the nature and disposition of a collie as suitable for lap-dog purposes.

DANDIE DINMONT

Color: Pepper or mustard. The peppers range from a dark bluish-black to a light silvery-gray. The mustards vary from a reddish brown to a pale fawn, the head being a creamy white.

Height: 10 in.

Weight: 18 lbs.

This is a terrier of considerable antiquity. He is very game and a dog of exceptional power and pluck, yet endowed with an abundance of common sense and docility. He should be round in skull, full in eye, which should be a rich dark hazel. This dog should be strong in jaw, with short, stout legs, and long weasel-shaped body, with a soft linty coat and top-knot. A point strongly demanded is the size and carriage of his ears, which should be almond-shaped, set on low, smooth-coated, with edges fringed with longer hair, and lay very close to the head.

CAIRN TERRIER

Color: The most appreciated colors are rich red-brindle and silver-gray brindle. Black mask and muzzle very desirable.

Height: 10 in.

Weight: About 12 lbs.

This smart terrier is today one of the most popular of all the terrier varieties. The head is fairly capacious for his size, ears are small and carried erect, eye small, dark and of the peculiar keen “cairn” expression not found in any other breed; well sprung in ribs, abundance of bone and straight fore legs. The coat should be harsh and as dense as possible.

GORDON SETTER

Color: Red and black, with rich dark mahogany markings. The tan should appear on lips, cheeks, throat, spots over the eyes, underside of ears, front of chest, and the lower part of both fore and hind legs.

Height: 25 in.

Weight: 70 lbs.

In general appearance this is a well built and elegant dog, heavier than the English setter. His head too is much heavier in construction. The occiput is well developed, eyes lustrous, intelligent and full, ears set on low and close to the upper neck. Neck should be fairly long and not throaty, tail rather short and scimitar-like and nicely feathered. The coat is straight or slightly waved, not curly and not so fine as that of the English Setter.

BEARDED COLLIE

The points of the Highland or Bearded Collie are identical with the Old English Sheep dog except that he has a tail of moderate length and which is carried low.

He is famous as a worker of sheep and cattle and is endowed with great intelligence and highly prized in both the highlands and lowlands of Scotland, equally for his companionship and faithful service as a guard to either homestead or flock.

Welsh Breeds

WELSH TERRIER
SEALYHAM TERRIER
WELSH SPRINGER
WELSH HOUND

WELSH TERRIER

Color: Black and tan or black-grizzle and tan, free from black penciling on toes.

Height: 15 in.

Weight: 20 lbs.

This is a well-built, game, plucky terrier, with a smart and active appearance. The skull is flat, fairly wide between the ears, and with a fairly strong muzzle. The eyes are of a dark hazel color, are small and indicate abundant pluck. Ears are V-shaped, small, set on fairly high and carried forward close to the cheek. Back should be short and well ribbed, and the hindquarters strong and the thighs muscular. The tail is set on high and should not be carried too gaily. The coat is wiry, hard, very close and abundant. White patches should disqualify.

SEALYHAM TERRIER

Color: White with tan or brown patches, but such are not desirable.

Height: 10 in.

Weight: 16 lbs.

This dog was formerly known as the Border or Cowley terrier, and has within recent years become very popular on account of his workmanlike terrier qualifications. He should possess a long head with punishing jaw, and be endowed with abundant whiskers. His ears are carried like the fox terrier’s, eye small and dark, well sprung ribs, body fairly long, immense bone for his size, short on the leg and hard weather resisting coat.

WELSH SPRINGER

Color: Red or orange and white.

Weight: Not more than 42 lbs.

As a worker this dog has no superior. He owns a well balanced head, grand spring of rib, and powerful hind quarters. He may best be described as a large Cocker Spaniel. His eyes should be hazel or dark brown and should not show any haw. The ears are comparatively small and hang close to the cheeks. His coat is straight or flat and thick.

The Welsh Springer has been bred and preserved in its purity for hundreds of years. As a worker he has no superior, no day being too long and no covert too difficult for the endurance and pluck of the gay Cambrian Springer.

WELSH HOUND

Color: Grizzle-red with white patches and with white markings like the English Foxhound, Harrier and Beagle.

Height: 24 in.

Weight: 75 lbs.

A symmetrically built dog on racy lines. His head is of good length, domed in skull and rather long muzzle. The eyes are small, brown and intelligent in expression. The ears are often rounded and lay close to the head. Neck long, clean and muscular without dewlap. Back strong and broad, deep in the chest and very muscular in thighs and hindquarters. Tail should be carried gaily, thick at the root and well furnished with hard hair. The coat is hard, wiry, crisp and water resisting.

British Colonial Breeds

GAZELLE HOUND (India)
LHASSA TERRIER (India)
TIBETAN MASTIFF (India)
RAMPUR GREYHOUND (India)
BANJARA (India)
BARB (Australia)
AUSTRALIAN TERRIER (Australia)
KANGAROO GREYHOUND (Australia)
MALTESE TERRIER (Malta)
NEWFOUNDLAND, Black (Newfoundland)
NEWFOUNDLAND, other than Black (Newfoundland)
HUSKIE (Canada)
LABRADOR (Canada)

GAZELLE

Color: Self-colored black and the different shades of fawn and dirty white.

Height: 29 in.

Weight: 70 lbs.

A big dog built on delicate and elegant lines. The head is fine, lean and bony. Skull long and slightly domed. Eyes mild, intelligent and dark brown, like the gazelle. Ears are long, hang close to the head and are abundantly coated. The neck is long, chest deep, back straight, long and strong, and tail is of fair length. The coat is smooth and very soft and the ears and tail are covered with long, wavy, silky hair.

LHASSA TERRIER

Color: Black, dark grizzle, slate, sandy, or mixture of these colors with white.

Height: About 11 in.

Weight: About 14 lbs.

The head is distinctly terrier-like, with narrow skull, which falls away in a marked degree behind the eyes. The eyes are dark brown in color. Ears set on low and carried close to the cheeks. Body not too short, and well ribbed up. The legs are short, with a tendency to crookedness. The tail is carried over the back. A low carriage is considered a sign of impure blood. The coat is of good length, straight and very dense with a strong growth on the skull, and the legs should be well coated right down to the toes.

TIBETAN MASTIFF

Color: Black and tan, red with black saddle, mahogany red, or all black. White is sometimes seen on the chest and toes.

Height: Not less than 30 in. Weight: Not less than 160 lbs.

This is a large, powerful and noble-looking animal, in aspect courageous, grim and earnest. The skull is broad and arched, with prominent occiput. His small eyes are dark brown in color, and often show the haw. The deep wrinkles around the eyes give him a sullen, savage look. Ears set on high, hang straight down, and not too long. His neck is short and powerful, the hair on it standing up like a mane. The tail is short, bushy and usually carried over the back, and his coat is soft, thick, long and straight, with a woolly undercoat.

RAMPUR GREYHOUND

Color: Mouse-gray.

Height: 30 in.

Weight: 75 lbs.

This is a powerfully built greyhound, with a long, strong skull, flat between the ears, without any stop and has powerful jaws. His light yellow eyes give him a hard and cruel expression. His ears are fairly large and are filbert shaped. The body is somewhat coarse, of fair length. Chest very deep and back slightly arched. When in action the tail is carried horizontally and the end slightly curled upwards. His coat is like that of a freshly clipped horse, if longer is a sign of impure blood.

BANJARA

Color: Self-colored, sandy, light fawn, and the various shades of gray. Without white if possible, but a little white on chest and toes does not disqualify.

Height: 25 in.

Weight: 45 lbs.

This dog is indigenous to the North of India, is as hard as nails in constitution, somewhat rough and rugged in outlook, but a well-built, symmetrical dog, possessed of considerable speed. His expression should be very keen and wicked, especially when roused. Head is long and flat, well filled up before the eyes, with a strong punishing jaw. The ears lay flat on the cheeks and are filbert shaped. His small eye is close set, and the color varies to the shade of the dog’s coat. The body is moderately long and falls away a good deal to the set-on of the tail, which also is set on low and carried with an upward sweep. His coat is very thick and dense and close lying, soft to the touch but not silky.

BARB
(The Australian Sheep Dog, often called the Kelpie)

Color: All black.

Height: 24 in.

Weight: 54 lbs.

A well-built, medium-sized dog with a head like the Pomeranian or Schipperke. His almond-shaped, dark eyes convey an intelligent expression. The ears are pricked, neck long and well arched, back straight, chest deep but not too wide, and well developed loins. The tail is of medium length and carried rather high, and his coat is of fair length, straight and harsh.

This dog is extensively used by Australian and New Zealand shepherds in the work-a-day life on their sheep ranches. His intelligence and adaptability as a working sheep dog is said to be even more pronounced than the best English, Welsh or Scotch exponents. Furthermore, he has been bred in some quarters so that he cannot bark.

AUSTRALIAN TERRIER

Color: Blue or gray body, tan on legs or face, with a top-knot of blue or silver. Clear sandy or deep red.

Height: 10 in.

Weight: 15 lbs.

This is a rather low-set dog, compact and active. The head is long, full between the eyes with a top-knot of soft hair. Eyes small, keen and of dark color. Ears small, set high on skull, free from long hairs, and may be either cropped or uncropped. The tail is docked. The coat should be straight and of wiry texture.

KANGAROO GREYHOUND

Color: All colors. Black not desirable.

Height: 29 in.

Weight: 66 lbs.

In general appearance he resembles the English Greyhound, but is heavier built. The skull is broader between the ears and more domed and the ears are not set so high as those of the English dog. His eyes are brown and intelligent. Neck slender, muscular and slightly arched. Back long and strong, with short, arched and muscular loins, and his hindquarters are well developed and very muscular. The tail is long and fine and carried downwards and his coat is smooth and fine, though sometimes coarser on the body.

MALTESE

Color: Pure white, without shade or tint.

Height: From 8 to 12 in.

Weight: Under 12 lbs.; the smaller the better.

This is a bright, spritely, active dog of very taking character. His head is much like that of a drop-eared Skye Terrier in miniature, but rather shorter and thicker in muzzle. The ears are moderately long and are covered with long, silky hair, and his eyes are very dark and piercing. He is short and cobby in back, and legginess should be avoided. The tail is short, well feathered, particularly towards the end, and carried gracefully over the back.

NEWFOUNDLAND (Black)

Color: A. Jet black with a slight tinge of brown or a splash of white on chest and toes is not objectionable. B. Black and white, or white and black. Beauty in markings is of great consideration. C. Self-colored bronze.

Height: 27 in. or more.

Weight: 100 lbs. or more.