Chapter V (5)

Ta, take, arrest, C. 78. “Ta me,” take, arrest me. Tatȝ, take, B. 735.
(Cf. O.E. _ma_ = make.)
Tabarde, coat. It sometimes signifies a short coat or mantle, B. 41.
Fr. _tabar_. Ital. _tabaro_.
Tabelment, A. 994.
Taborne, tabour, B. 1414.
Tached, fixed, fastened, A. 464.
Takel, C. 233.
Tale, tale, message, B. 1437.
Talent, will, pleasure, C. 416. See T. B. 464.
Talle = tuly (?), B. 48.
Tan, taken, B. 763.
Tatȝ, take, B. 735. See _Ta_.
Tayt, agreeable, lively, B. 871. O.N. _teitr_.
“The laddes were kaske and _teyte_.” --(Havelok the Dane, 1841.)
“Ther mouhte men se the boles beyte,
And the bores with hundes _teyte_.” --(_Ibid._ 2331.)
Tayt, fear, B. 889.
“Brynges furthe, [as] sayd the boke, bestes out of noumbre,
And trottes on toward Tyre with _taite_ at thaire hertes.”
--(K. Alex. p. 42.)
Teche, teach, B. 160.
Teche, mark, sign, B. 1049.
Teche, fault, B. 1230; device, B. 943. Fr. _tache_.
Tede, an error for _tene_ = ten (?), B. 1634.
Tee, go, B. 9, 1262; C. 87.
“Let hym _tegh_ to þe tempull.”
--(T. B. 2541.)
A.S. _teon_. Cf. _teght_, T. B. 1786.
Telde, tent, B. 866. A.S. _teld_.
Telded, raised, B. 1342. See T. B. 6075.
Telle, raise, excite, B. 1808. Du. _tillen_, to lift up.
Teme, approach, A. 460; B. 9; C. 316. See T. B. 3306. It seems to be
connected with the A.S. _geteman_, to bear witness; _teama_, to
cite, summon. In Laȝamon _teman_ signifies to go, proceed, approach,
vol. i. p. 53, l. 1245.
“Albion hatte that lond;
Ah leode ne beoth thar nane,
Ther to thu scalt _teman_ [wende]
& ane neowe Troye thar makian.”
Teme, team, C. 37.
Teme, theme, C. 358.
Tempest, C. 231.
Temple, A. 1062.
Tempre, moderate, B. 775.
Temptande, tempting, B. 283.
Tender, A. 412; B. 630.
Tene, _sb._ anger, sorrow, A. 332; B. 283, 687, 1137; C. 90; _adj._
angry, B. 1808; _vb._ punish, B. 759. A.S. _teonan_, _tynan_, to
anger; _teona_, wrong, mischief.
Tenfully, sorrowfully, bitterly, B. 160.
Tenor, C. 358.
Tenoun, A. 993.
{Tent, Tente,} attend, care for, B. 676, 935; C. 59, 498; heed,
A. 387.
Terme, term, A. 1053; B. 1393.
Terne, lake, B. 1041. N.Prov.E. _tarn_. O.N. _tjörn_.
Teuel (or _tenel_ ?), enclose, or ? _undermine_, B. 1189.
Þacce, blow, C. 325. A.S. _thaccian_, to stroke.
Þayreȝ, theirs, B. 1527.
Þaȝ, though, A. 134.
Þede, country, A. 711. A.S. _theód_.
“I sett ȝowe ane ensample ȝe se it alle day,
In thorps and in many _thede_ ther ȝe thurȝe ride,
At ilka cote a kene curr, as he the chache walde,
Bot as bremely as he baies, he bitis never the faster.”
--(K. Alex. p. 62.)
Þede, vessel, B. 1717. Prov.E. _thead_, a strainer used in brewing.
“_Thede_, bruares instrument, qualus.” (Prompt. Parv.)
Þeder, thither, B. 461.
Þef, thief, A. 273.
Theme, A. 944; C. 358.
{Þen, Þenne,} than, A. 134.
Þenkande, thinking, C. 294.
Þerue, unleavened, B. 635. Prov.E. _therf_, _tharf_, _thar_. A.S.
_theorf_, _therf_.
Þester, darkness, B. 1775. A.S. _theostru_. See T. B. 2362.
Þewe, virtue, B. 1436; C. 30; ordinances, B. 544, 755.
Þewed, virtuous, B. 733.
Þewes, thieves, B. 1142.
Þikker, oftener, C. 6.
Þirled, pierced, B. 952.
Þo, the (_pl._), B. 635; those, A. 557.
Þole, suffer, A. 344; B. 190; C. 6. A.S. _thólian_, to suffer, endure.
Þonc, _sb._ thank, A. 901.
Þonkke, _vb._ thank, B. 745.
Þore, there, A. 562.
Þorpe, city, B. 1178. O.N. _thorp_.
Þorȝ, through. See _Þurȝ_.
Þoȝ, though, A. 345.
Þoȝt, seemed, A. 153; B. 562.
Þoȝt, imagination, B. 516.
Þrad, reproached, tormented, B. 751. A.S. _threagan_ (_pret. threáde_,
_p.p._ _thread_), to blame, vex, torment.
Þrange, pierce, A. 17. See _Þrenge_.
Þrast, stroke, thrust, B. 952.
Þrat, vexation, torment, C. 55. A.S. _threat_, threat; _threatian_, to
vex, distress.
Þratten (_3d pers. pl. pret._) threatened, B. 937.
Þrawe, to reach, B. 590.
Þrawen, close, thick, B. 1775.
Þrenge, press, crowd after, follow, B. 930; pass, C. 354. A.S.
_thringan_, to press, crowd, throng. O.N. _threnga_.
Þrep, contradiction, B. 350. N.Prov.E. _threap_, _threpe_, to dispute.
A.S. _threapian_, to reprove, chide.
“_Withoutyn threp_ more.” --(T. B. 1127.)
Þrepyng, _sb._ strife, B. 183. A.S. _threapung_.
{Þret, Þrete,} threaten, A. 561; B. 680, 1728.
Þretty, thirty, B. 751.
Þreuenest, wisest, noblest, B. 1571.
Þro, anger, B. 754; C. 6; angry, A. 344. N.Prov.E. _thro_, keen,
eager. O.N. _thrá_.
“Be þou noght in þi hert so _thra_.” --(MS. Harl. 4196. fol. 94.)
Cf. “his _throo_ hert,” T. B. 147. “A _throo_ (bold) knight.”
_Ib._ 1482.
Þro, good, A. 868.
Þro, sharply, quickly, B. 220. A.S. _threá_.
Þro, thoroughly, B. 1805.
Þroble, press, B. 879.
Þroly, fiercely, quickly, B. 180, 514.
“_Throly_ he thoght in his hert.” --(T. B. 209.)
{Þrong, Þronge,} _sb._ crowd, B. 135, 504, 754.
Þrongen (_3d pers. pl. pret._ of _thringe_), crowded, pressed,
B. 1775.
“Mony thoughtes full thro _thronge_ in hir brest.” --(T. B. 470.)
Þrublande, pressing, B. 504. See _Þroble_.
{Þrwen, Þrowen,} thrown, B. 220, 504.
Þrych, through, A. 17. O.Sc. _throuch_.
{Þryd, Þryde, Þrydde,} third, A. 833; B. 249, 300, 1639.
Þryeȝ, thrice, B. 429.
Þrynge, press, B. 180; follow, B. 1639. See _Þrenge_.
Þrynne, three, B. 606, 1727.
Þryuande, good, pure, B. 751. See T. B. 1482.
Þryue, prosper, thrive, B. 249; C. 521.
Þryuen, prudent, wise, A. 868, 1192; grown up, adult, B. 298;
_þryuenest_, wisest, noblest, B. 1639.
Þryȝt, thrust, pressed, thronged, A. 670, 706, 926; B. 135; Cf.
_thriccing_ of hondys. T. B. 1522. A.S. _thryccan_ (_pret._
_thrycte_), to thrust, press, tread on.
Þurȝ, through, A. 670.
Þykke, closely, B. 504.
Þyȝe, thigh, B. 1687.
To, toe, C. 229.
To-cleues, separate, B. 1806.
To-corue (_3d pers. pl. pret._), slit, ript up, B. 1250.
Token, betoken, B. 1557.
To-kerue, divide, B. 1700.
{Tole, Tool,} tool, B. 1108, 1342.
{Tolk, Tolkke, Tulkke,} man, B. 687, 757. _Tolk_, like _segge_,
signified originally a speaker, an interpreter. O.N. _túlka_, to
explain, interpret; _túlkr_, an interpreter, a mediator. See
T. B. 63.
Tom, (1) leisure, A. 134; opportunity, B. 1153; interval, C. 135;
(2) time, A. 585. O.Sw. and O.N. _tóm_. “_Toom_ oportunitas.”
(Prompt. Parv.)
“Tharfore þis _tyme_ I may noght cum
Telle þi lord I haue no _tome_.”
--(MS. Harl, 4196, fol. 105.)
In T. B. 1088, we have _tomly_.
To-marred, spoilt, B. 1114.
To-murte, crushed to pieces, C. 150. See _murte_, T. B. 6128.
Tonne (or toune?), conceive, B. 655.
Top, head, C. 229.
Topace, topaz, B. 1469.
Tor, tower, A. 966.
Tor, hard, A. 1109. O.N. _tor_. Sans. _dus_, hard, difficult. Cf. O.E.
_torfer_, hardship, T. B. 81.
“But this tyme is so _tore_.” --(T. B. 645.)
{To-rente, To-rent,} rent asunder, A. 1136; B. 368; C. 96.
To-riuen, torn away, A. 1197.
Tormenttour, B. 154.
To-rof (_pret._ of _to-riue_), burst, B. 964; C. 379.
Torreȝ, towers, A. 875,
Toter, totter, C. 233.
Toteȝ = totȝ, toes; Cf. _gotȝ_ = goes, etc., B. 41.
To-torne, torn, B. 41.
Totȝ, goes, A. 513. Sw. _tota_.
Tour, tower, B. 216.
Tourneȝ = turns, devices, B. 192.
Tow, two, B. 866.
“_Two_ pyllers he pight in a place low.” --(T. B. 310.)
To-walten, overflowed (_3d pers. pl._), B. 428.
Towche, to relate, deliver a message, speak, A. 898; B. 1437.
“Litille kyngis there come . . . . .
_Touches_ titly thair tale and tribute him askis.”
--(K. Alex. p. 31.)
Towche, _sb._ touch, C. 252.
Towe, C. 100.
Towen, drawn, A. 251.
Toȝe, tough, B. 630.
Toȝt, firm, binding, A. 522.
Tra, high (?), B. 211, or (?) _tor_, great, difficult of access.
“This castel es o luve and grace,
Bath o socur and o solace,
Apon the mathe it standes traist;
O fede ne dredes it na fraist;
It is hei sett upon þe crag,
_Trai_ and hard wituten hag.”
--(Cott. MS. Vesp. A. iii. fol. 55a.)
Tramme, tackle, gear? C. 101. In the northern Romance of Alexander,
p. 5, _tramme_ signifies an instrument (optical).
“He toke _trammes_ him with to tute (look) in the sternes.”
Tras = trace, path, course, A. 1113. “_Trace_, a streyght way,
_trace_.” (Palsg.)
Trasches = trauses or trossers, drawers or trousers? B. 40.
Trauayle, _sb._ labour, C. 505; _vb._ A. 550; C. 498.
Trave = trawe, believe, B. 587.
Trauerce = traverse, B. 1473.
{Traw, Trawe,} = trow, believe, suppose, A. 282, 295; B. 655, 1335,
1686. See T. B. 298.
Trawande, believing, B. 662.
{Trawþe, Trauþe,} truth, A. 495; B. 63, 667; belief, 1490, 1703.
Trayled, B. 1473.
Traysoun, treason, B. 187.
{Trayþly, Trayþely,} certainly, surely? B. 907, 1137. If _trayþly_ be
derived from _trauth_, _truth_, the meaning here assigned to it may
be correct; but the sense of _fiercely_, _fearfully_, would suit the
context better.
Traytoure, B. 1041; C. 77.
Tre, wood, B. 1342.
Trendel, roll, A. 41.
Tres, yards (of a ship), C. 101.
{Tresor, Tresore,} treasure, A. 237, 331, B. 866.
Tresorye, treasury, B. 1317.
Trespas, B. 48.
Trespast, B. 1230.
Trestes, trestles, B. 832.
Trichcherye, treachery, B. 187.
Troched, ornamented? An architectural term of uncertain meaning,
B. 1383.
{Tron, Trone,} went (_pret._ of _tryne_), A. 1113; B. 132; C. 101. See
_Trynande_.
Trone, throne, A. 1055.
Trot, _sb._ pace, step, B. 976.
Trow, believe, B. 1049.
Trumpen, trumpets, B. 1402.
Trussed, deposited, B. 1317. See T. B. 1819.
Trwe, true, A. 460.
Tryed, select, trusty, B. 1317. O.E. _trie_, choice. See T. B. 695.
Tryfled = trayfoled, ornamented with knots, B. 1473. Fr. _treffilier_,
a chain maker.
Trynande, going, walking, B. 976. Dan. _trine_, to go.
“Than the traytoure treunted the Tyesday thar aftyre,
_Trynnys_ in with a trayne tresone to wirke.”
--(Morte Arthure, p. 326.)
“The trays (path) of the traytoure he _trynys_ fulle evenne,
And turnys in be Treynte, the traytoure to seche.”
--(_Ibid._ p. 339.)
“They _tryne_ unto a tente whare tables whare raysede.”
--(_Ibid._ p. 267.)
Tryste, trusty, A. 460; _vb._ to trust, C. 324.
Trysty, trusty, B. 763.
Tryȝe, to trust in, rely upon, A. 311. N.Prov.E. _trigg_, firm,
faithful. Sw. _trygg_, safe, sure.
Tuch, cloth, B. 48. Ger. _tuch_. Cf. Eng. _tuck_ and _tucker_.
Tulkke, man, soldier, B. 1189, 1262. See _Tolk_.
“The Tothyr was a _Tulke_ out of Troy selfe.” --(T. B. 63.)
Tulket = tulked, sounded, B. 1414. The original meaning of _tulk_ is
to speak, explain (O.N. _túlka_), hence to utter, sound.
“The Tebies _tulked_ (addressed) us with tene (anger).”
--(K. Alex. p. 83.)
Tult, threw, pitched. B. 1213; C. 252. See _Tilt_, in T. B. 914, 3704.
A.S. _tealtian_, to tilt, shake.
Tuyred, destroyed, B. 1234.
Twayned, separated, A. 251.
Tweyne, two, B. 674, 1749.
Twynande, entwining, B. 1691. Sw. _twinna_, to twine.
Twynne, two, A. 251; B. 1047.
Twynne, separate, B. 402.
Tyd, quickly, B. 64, 1213; C. 100, 229. A.S. _tíd_, _tídlíce_. Sw.
_tida_, frequently.
Tyde, time, B. 1393.
Tykel, uncertain, B. 655.
Tylle, to, B. 1064.
Tymbre, B. 1414. “Tymbyr a lytyl taboure, timpanellum.” (Prompt.
Parv.)
Tylte, overturn, B. 832; tumble, C. 361.
“_Tylude_ ouer borde.” --(T. B. 3704.)
Tynde, branch, A. 78. A.S. _tine_. O.E. _tind_, a tine, tooth, prong,
fork.
Tyne, lose, A. 332; destroy, B. 775, 907. O.N. _tyna_.
Tynt, lost, B. 216. See T. B. 1208.
Type, overturn, C. 506.
Typped, extreme, C. 77.
Tyraunte, B. 943.
Tyrauntyré, tyranny, B. 187.
Tyrne, flay, B. 630. Du. _tornen_, to rend, rip up.
“And so thai did al bidene and sum oure douth sloȝe,
Tuke out the tuskis and the tethe, and _ternen_ of the skinnes.”
--(K. Alex. p. 140.)
Tyt, quickly, A. 728. N.Prov.E. _tite_, soon. Cf. _tytly_, T. B. 1094.
See _Tyd_.
Tyþe, tenth, B. 216.
Tyþynge, tiding, B. 458, 498; C. 78.
Tytter, sooner, C. 231. N.Prov.E. _titter_. See _Tyt_.
Tyxt, text, B. 1634; C. 37.
Tyȝed, tied, A. 464; B. 702.
{Tyȝt, Tyȝte,} described, A. 1053; give, B. 1153; endeavour, B. 1108;
near, A. 503. See T. B. 1358. A.S. _tihtan_, to draw.

U = o = of, A. 792.

{Vch, Vche, Vcha,} = ilk, ilka, each, every. A. 33, 117.
Vchon, each one, A. 546.
Vglokest (_superl._ of _vgly_), most horrid, dreadful, B. 892. See
_vgsome_, horrible, T. B. 877.
Vmbe, about, B. 879, 1384; C. 309. A.S. _ymbe_.
“Grete toures full toure all þe toune _vmbe_.” --(T. B. 320.)
Vmbe-brayde, accost, B. 1622. See _Brayde_.
Vmbe-grouen, overgrown, B. 488.
Vmbe-kest, look about, B. 478.
Vmbe-lyȝe, compass, surround, B. 836.
Vmbe-pyȝte, surrounded, A. 1052.
Vmbre, rain, B. 524. Cf. _ymur_, in T. B. 897. Lat. _imber_.
Vmbe-schon, shone about, C. 455.
{Vmbe-stounde, Vmbe-stoundes,} at times, sometimes, C. 7, 122.
Vmbe-sweyed, encircled, B. 1380.
Vmbe-walt, surrounded, B. 1181.
Vnavysed, unadvised, thoughtless, A. 292.
Vnblemyst, unblemished, A. 782.
Vn-brosten, unburst, B. 365.
Vnblyþe, dismal, B. 1017.
Vncheryst, uncherished, uncared for, B. 1125.
Vnclannesse, uncleanness. B. 30, 1800, 1806.
Vnclene, B. 550, 1713.
Vncler, indistinct, C. 307.
Vnclose, disclose, B. 26, 1438.
Vncortoyse, uncourteous, A. 303.
{Vncouþe, Vncowþe,} unknown, B. 414, 1600, 1722.
Vnder, the third hour of the day, A. 513. A.S. _undern_. Goth.
_undaurns_.
Vnder-nomen, understood, perceived, C. 213.
Vnder-stonde, understand, A. 941; C. 122.
Vnder-ȝede = under-ȝete, understood, B. 796. A.S. _undergitan_, to
perceive.
Vndyd, destroyed, B. 562.
Vnfayre, bad, B. 1801.
Vnfolde, B. 1563.
Vnfre, unfortunate, B. 1129.
Vngarnyst, unadorned, B. 137.
Vnglad, sorry, C. 63.
Vngoderly, bad, wicked, B. 145, 1092.
Vnhap, misfortune, B. 143, 1150; misery, B. 892. See T. B. 1402.
Vnhappen, unfortunate; and hence bad, B. 573.
Vnhaspe, disclose, B. 688.
Vnhole, badly, B. 1681.
Vnhonest, vile, B. 579.
Vnhuled, uncovered, B. 451. See _Hile_.
Vnhyde, disclose, A. 973.
Vnhyle, disclose, B. 1628. See _Hile_.
Vnknawen, unknown, B. 1679.
Vnkyndely, wickedly, B. 208.
Vnmard, undefiled, B. 867.
Vnmete, unmeet, unfit, A. 759.
Vnneuened, unnamed, B. 727. See _Neuen_.
Vnnynges, signs, C. 213. A.S. _unnan_, to give, grant, permit.
Vnpynne, to unpin, unfasten, A. 728.
Vnresounable, unreasonable, A. 590.
Vnryȝt, wrong, B. 1142.
Vnsmyten, B. 732.
Vnsounde, wicked, evil, bad, B. 575; C. 527; misfortune, wretched
state, C. 58. See T. B. 495.
Vnsoundely, badly, B. 201. See T. B. 1826.
Vnstered, unmoved, B. 706.
Vnstrayned, untroubled, A. 248.
Vnswolȝed, unhurt, B. 1253. See _Swolȝe_.
{Vnþank, Vnþonk,} wrath, displeasure, B. 183; C. 55.
Vnþewe, fault, vice, B. 190. See _Thewe_.
Vnþryfte, folly, wickedness, B. 516, 1728.
Vnþryftyly, unwisely, badly, B. 267.
Vnþryuandly = unthrivingly, badly, B. 135. See T. B. 4893.
Vntrwe, untrue, A. 897; B. 456; unfaithful, B. 1160.
Vntwynne, separate; and hence, destroy, B. 757.
Vnwar, foolish, C. 115.
Vnwaschen, unwashed, B. 34.
Vnwelcum, B. 49.
Vnworþelych, unworthy, B. 305.
Vnwytté, unwise, foolish, simple, C. 511.
Vpbrayde, literally to raise; and hence to utter loudly, rebuke,
C. 430. See _Brayde_. In the sense of to utter, speak, we find
_upbrayde_ used in the following passage.
“Again my brether haue I bene
Oft-sith lightly for to tene,
Wit flitt, wit brixil, strive and strut;
Myn euen cristen haue I hurt,
And oft unsaght o him I said,
And of his lastes (faults) gane upbraid.”
--(Cott. MS. Vesp. A. iii. fol. 156.)
Vp-caste, spoken, B. 1574.
Vp-folden, up-folded, B. 643.
Vp-lyfte, uplifted, B. 987.
Vpon, open, B. 453.
Vp-rerde, upreared, B. 561.
Vp-ros, uprose, C. 378.
Vpryse, C. 433.
Vp-set, raised, C. 239.
Vp-so-doun, upside down, C. 362.
Vp-wafte, uprose, B. 949.
Vpynyoun, opinion, C. 40.
Vrnementes, ornaments, B. 1284.
Vrþe, earth, A. 442.
Vrþely, earthly, A. 135; B. 35.
Vsage, B. 710.
Vsched, B. 1393, _to vsched_ = ? _tousched_ = _towched_, approached.
See B. 1437.
Vse, B. 11.
{Vsle, Vslle,} ashes, cinders, B. 747, 1010. A.S. _ysle_, ashes. O.N.
_usli_, fire. “Isyl, of fyre. Favilla.” (Prompt. Parv.) Prov.E.
_isle_, _easle_, embers; _eizle_, ashes.
Vtter, out, B. 42; without, B. 927.
Vt-wyth, without, outside, A. 969.
Vus, us, B. 842.
Vȝten, the morning, dawn, B. 893. A.S. _uhta_.
“Hi sloȝen and fuȝten
Þe niȝt and þe _uȝten_.” --(K. Horn, 1424.)

Vale, A. 127; B. 673.
Vanyté, B. 1713; C. 331.
Vanyste, vanished, B. 1548.
Vayle, avail, A. 912; B. 1151, 1311.
Vayment, exhibition, show, B. 1358.
Vayn, A. 811; B. 1358.
Vayned, brought, A. 249. See _Wayned_.
Venge, avenge, B. 199, 559; C. 71.
Vengeaunce, B. 247, 1013.
{Venkkyst, Venquyst,} vanquished, B. 544, 1071.
Venym, venom, filth, B. 574; C. 71.
{Veray, Verray,} true, A. 1184, 1185; truly, C. 333; very, C. 370.
Verayly, verily, B. 664, 1548.
Vered, veered, raised, A. 254.
Vergyne, virgin, A. 1099.
{Vergynté, Vergynyté,} virginity, A. 767; B. 1071.
Vertue, A. 1126.
Vertuous, precious, B. 1280.
Vessayl, vessel, B. 1713.
Vesselment, vessels, B. 1280, 1288.
Vesture, B. 1288.
Veued = weued, passed, A. 976. See _Weue_.
Vilanye, C. 71.
Vilté, filth, vileness, B. 199. O.Fr. _vilté_.
Violent, B. 1013.
Voched, prayed, A. 1121. Fr. _voucher_.
Vouche, resolve, B. 1358.
Vouched, vowed, C. 165.
Vowe, C. 239.
Voyde, do away with; B. 744; destroy, B. 1013; C. 370; depart,
B. 1548.
Vus, use, or ? drink, B. 1507. We may, however read, and thus preserve
the alliteration, _bus_ = _bous_ = _bouse_, to drink deeply. Du.
_buysen_.
Vycios, vicious, B. 574.
Vyf, wife, A. 772.
Vygour, 971.
Vyl, vile, evil, B. 744.
Vylanye, crime, sin, B. 544, 574.
Vyle, defile, B. 863.
Vyole, vial, B. 1280.
Vyolence, B. 1071.
Vyrgyn, A. 426.
{Vys, Vyse,} face, A. 254. O.Fr. _vis_.
Vyueȝ, wives, A. 785.

Wach, watch, B. 1205.
Wade, A. 143, 1151.
Waft, closed, B. 857. A.S. _wefan_, _wæfan_, to cover. O.N. _vefa_.
Wafte, move, lift up, raise, B. 453 O.N. _veifa_, to raise, move,
swing. _Waft_, B. 857, in the sense of _closed_ may be of the same
origin with _wafte_.
Wage, endure, A. 416.
Wage, wave, B. 1484. A.S. _wágian_.
Wake, watch, B. 85; C. 130. A.S. _wæccan_. O.N. _vaka_.
Waken, raise, arouse, awake, A. 1171; B. 323, 437, 891, 933, 948;
C. 132; O.N. _vakna_.
“Wyndis at hir wille to _wakyn_ in the aire.” --(T. B. 404.)
Wakker (_comp._ of _wayke_), weaker B. 835.
{Wale, Walle,} _vb._ discern, A. 1000; choose, select, B. 921; C. 511;
_adj._ noble, choice, B. 1734. Sc. _wale_. See T. 386, 4716. Ger.
_wählen_, to choose, select. O.N. _val_, electio, optio, delectus.
“O mister was ther wimmen tuin,
Þat ledd þar liif wit sike and sin,
Ffor þai had husing nan to _wale_,
Þai lended in a littel scale.”
--(Cott. MS. Vesp. A. iii. fol. 48a.)
“Of choys men syne, _walit_ by cut (lot), thai tuke
A gret numbyr, and hyd in bylgis dern.”
--(G. Douglas, vol. i. p. 72.)
“Awai þan drou him son Davi,
Bot Saul dred him mo forþi,
And of a thusand men o _wal_ (worth)
He made him ledder and marscal.”
--(Cott. MS. Vesp. A. iii. fol. 43a.)
“That worthy had a wyfe _walit_ hym seluon.” --(T. B. 105.)
Walkyries, witches, fate-readers, B. 1577. O.N. _valkyriur_; _f. pl._
_Parcæ_. Dan. _valkyrier_.
Wallande, boiling, bubbling up, A. 365. A.S. _weallan_, to boil up.
Walle-heued = well-head, spring, B. 364.
{Walt, Walte,} rolled, turned, B. 501, 1734. Prov.E. _walt_, _welt_.
A.S. _wealtian_, to roll. O.N. _vella_.
“Hit _walt_ up the wilde se.” --(T. B. 4633.)
Walter, roll, flow, B. 415, 1027; C. 142. O.Sc. _welter_, _walter_.
Dan. _vælte_, to roll. See _Walt_.
Waltereȝ, an error for watterez = waters? C. 263.
Walterande, swimming, C. 247.
Walteȝ, pours, rushes, flows, B. 364, 1037. See _Walte_, T. B. 3699,
4632.
Wame, belly. See _Wombe_.
Wamel, to wamble, C. 300. O.N. _vambla_. Dan. _vamle_, to wamble, to
create or cause a squeamishness or loathing. “_Wamelyn’_ in the
stomake. Nauseo.” “_Wamelynge_ of the stomake, Nausia.” (Prompt.
Parv.)
Wan (_pret._ of _wynne_), got, reached, A. 107; B. 140.
Wap, a step, C. 449. O.N. _vapp_. It is generally explained by a blow,
stroke, which was probably its original meaning.
“The werld wannes at a _wappe_ and the wedire gloumes.”
--(K. Alex. p. 141.)
“It (worldly wealth) wites away at a _wapp_, as the wynd turnes.”
--(_Ibid._ p. 181.)
See T. B. 207, 6405.
Wappe, to strike, knock, B. 882.
War, aware, A. 1096; crafty, B. 589. A.S. _wær_, wary. O.N. _var_.
{War, Ware,} guard, beware, B. 165, 545, 1133. A.S. _wárian_.
Warded, guarded, C. 258. A.S. _weardian_, to guard.
Ware, were, A. 151.
Warisch, protect, B. 921.
Warlaȝe, wizard, B. 1560. See _Warlow_.
Warlok, prison, C. 80.
Warlow, a monster, C. 258. A.S. _wér-loga_, a liar, a faith-breaker.
“Þe warlaȝ was wete of his wan atter.” --(T. B. 303.)
Warne, bid, C. 469.
Warnyng, _sb._ B. 1504.
{Warpe, Warpen,} cast, hurl, B. 444; ejaculate, utter, A. 879; B. 152,
213. O.N. _varpa_. A.S. _weorpan_, to throw, cast.
Warþe, a water-ford, C. 339. A.S. _warth_, _waroth_, the shore.
Wary, curse, B. 513. A.S. _wærgian_, to curse.
Waryed, accursed, B. 1716.
Wassayl, B. 1508.
{Wast, Waste,} destroy, B. 326, 431, 1178. A.S. _wéstan_.
Wasturne, a wilderness, B. 1674. _Wasterne_ signifies a desert place,
from the A.S. _wéste_, desert, barren, and _ærn_, a place.
“Methoughte I was in a wode willed myne one,
That I ne wiste no waye whedire that I scholde,
Ffore wolueȝ and whilde swynne, swykkyde bestez,
Walkede in that _wasterne_ wathes to seche.”
--(Morte Arthure, p. 270.)
Wate = wot, know, A. 502. A.S. _witan_ (_Ic wát_, _þu wást_, _he
wát_).
Water, stream, A. 107, 139; river, B. 1380.
Wauleȝ, shelterless, from the A.S. _wáh_, a wall (?), C. 262. We
should perhaps read wanleȝ = wonleȝ, hopeless, from the A.S. _wén_.
O.N. _von_. O.E. _wone_, hope.
Wawe, wave, A. 287; B. 382; C. 142. A.S. _wæg_.
Wax, increase, B. 521.
Waxlokes, waves (?), B. 1037.
Wayferand, wayfaring, B. 79.
Waykned, weakened, B. 1422. O.N. _veikr_. A.S. _wác_, weak; _wácan_,
to become weak.
Wayle, select, choice, B. 1716. See _Wale_.
Waymot, passionate, C. 492. A.S. _weamod_.
Wayne, give, B. 1504; gain, recover, 1616, 1701. The original meaning
seems to be that of gaining, getting. O.Fr. _gaagnier_. In some O.E.
works _wayne_ is used like our word _get_.
“Than past up the proude quene into prevé chambre,
_Waynes_ (_i.e._ puts out her head) out at wyndow and waytes
aboute.” --(K. Alex. p. 33.)
Wayte, look into, search, B. 99; be careful, B. 292; look about,
B. 1423; inquire, B. 1552. See T. B. 876. “_Waytyn_ or _aspyyn_,
observo.” (Prompt. Parv.)
Waȝeȝes, _waȝes_, waves, B. 404.
“Girdon ouer the grym _waghes_.” --(T. B. 1410.)
See _Wawe_.
Webbe, cloth, A. 71.
Wedde, A. 772; B. 69.
Wedded wyf, B. 330.
Weddyng, A. 791.
{Wed, Wede,} garments, weeds, A. 748, 766; B. 793. A.S. _wæd_.
{Wed, Wede,} become mad, B. 1585. A.S. _wédan_, to rave, be mad.
Weder, storm, B. 444, 948.
Weder, weather, B. 1760.
Wela-wynnely, very joyfully, B. 831. A.S. _welig_, rich, bountiful;
_wyn_, pleasure, joy.
{Welcom, Welcum,} B. 813.
Welde, govern, rule, wield, B. 195, 835; use, employ, possess, B. 705,
1351; C. 16. A.S. _wealdan_, rule, exercise, possess.
Welder, ruler, C. 129.
Wele, joy (_pl._ _weleȝ_), A. 14, 154, 394; B. 651; C. 262. A.S.
_wela_.
Welgest, worthiest, B. 1244. A.S. _welig_ (_welga_), rich, wealthy.
Welke, walked, A. 101.
Welkyn, welkin, the sky. A.S. _welcn_, _wolcen_. O.Sc. _walk_,
a cloud.
Welle-hedeȝ, springs, B. 428.
Welt, revolved, C. 115. See _Walter_.
Welwed, faded, C. 475. A.S. _wealwian_.
“The grond stud burrant, widderit dosk or gray,
Herbis, flowris and gersis _wallowyt_ away.”
--(G. Douglas, vol. i. p. 378.)
Wely, joyous, happy, A. 101. A.S. _welig_.
“_Welli_ make, Laverd, and noght ille,
To Syon in þi gode wille.” --(Ps. i. 20.)
“Þan was þar never suilk a hald,
Ne nan in _welier_ in werld to wald.”
--(Cott. MS. Vesp. A. iii. fol. 55b.)
{Wem, Wemme,} spot, blemish, A. 1003. A.S. _wem_.
Wemleȝ, spotless, without blemish.
Wenche, woman, B. 974, 1250; concubine, B. 1716. A.S. _wencle_, a
maid. S.Sax. _wenchell_, a child.
Wende = wened, thought, A. 1148; C. 111.
Wene = ween, believe, A. 47; B. 821; C. 244. A.S. _wénan_.
Wene, doubt, A. 1141.
Weng, avenge, B. 201.
Wenyng, supposition, C. 115.
Wepande, weeping, C. 384.
Weppen, weapon, B. 835.
Wered, guarded, protected, C. 486. A.S. _weren_. Ger. _wehren_,
defend.
Werkeȝ, labours, B. 136.
Werp (_pret._ of _warp_), threw, B. 284.
Werre, war, B. 1178.
Wers, worse, B. 80.
Werte, root, herb, C. 478. A.S. _wyrt_.
Weryng, wearing, age, B. 1123. “_Weryn_ or wax olde, febyl,
veterasco.” (Prompt. Parv.)
Wesch, washed, A. 766.
Westernays, wrongly, A. 307. See Note on this word, p. 106. ?
wiþer-ways, wrong-wise.
Wete, wet, A. 761.
Weue, pass, A. 318.
Weued, cut off (?), B. 222.
Wex (_pret._ of _wax_), became, A. 538; B. 204.
Weȝe, weigh (anchor), C. 103; carry round, B. 1420, 1508. A.S.
_wegan_, to weigh, carry.
Weȝte, weight, B. 1734.
Wham, whom, A. 131.
Whateȝ = watȝ, was, A. 1041.
What-kyn, what kind of, B. 100.
Whichche = hutch, ark, B. 362. “_Hutche_ or _whyche_, cista, archa.”
(Prompt. Parv.) A.S. _hwæcca_.
Whyle, moment, B. 1620.
Wite, blame. See _Wyte_.
With-droȝ, withdrew, A. 658.
With-nay, refuse, deny, A. 916.
Wiȝt = wight, quickly, C. 103. See _Wyȝt_.
Wlate, to abhor, hate, detest, B. 305; to be disgusted at, B. 1501.
A.S. _wlættian_.
Wlatsum, hateful, abominable, B. 541.
{Wlonc, Wlonk,} beautiful, A. 122, 1171; B. 606, 793, 933; C. 486;
good, A. 903. A.S. _wlanc_.
{Wod, Wode,} mad, enraged, B. 204, 1558; foolish, B. 828; fierce,
strong, B. 364; C. 142. A.S. _wód_.
Wodbynde, woodbine, C. 446.
Wodder (_comp._ of _wode_), fiercer, rougher, C. 162.
Woghe, wrong, sin, A. 622. A.S. _woh_.
Wolde = walde, perform, do, A. 812. See _Welde_.
Wolde, would, A. 772.
Wolen, woollen, A. 731.
Wolle, wool, A. 844.
Wombe, belly, B. 462, 1250.
{Won, Wone,} _sb._ dwelling, abode, A. 32, 1049; B. 140, 928; woneȝ,
A. 917, 924; _vb._ to dwell, A. 404, 298; B. 875. A.S. _wunian_.
O.Fris. _wona_.
Won = wone, custom, usage, B. 720. A.S. _wune_.
Wonde, fear, hesitate, B. 855. A.S. _wandian_.
Wonde = wande, delay, cease, A. 153.
“[I wole] for no dethe _wonde_.” --(T. B. 591.)
“I wille noghte _wonde_ for no werre,
To wende whare me likes.” --(Morte Arthure, p. 292.)
“Sua did þis wiif I yow of redd,
Sco folud Joseph ai þar he fledd,
And for sco foluand fand a spurn,
Sco waited him wit a werr turn,
Hirself in godds gram and gilt,
And almast did him to be spilt;
How sco broght him to the fand (trial),
Fforth to telle wil I noght _waand_.”
--(Cott. MS. Vesp. A. iii. fol. 25a.)
Wonder, _adj._ wonderful, A. 1095; B. 153.
Wonderly, wonderfully, B. 570; C. 384.
Woned = waned, decreased, B. 496. A.S. _wanian_, to decrease.
Wonen (_pret. pl._) got, B. 1777.
Wonne, pale, wan, C. 141. A.S. _wonn_, wan.
Wonne, got, A. 32.
Wonnen, begotten, B. 112.
Wonnyng, dwelling, B. 921. See _Won_.
Wont, be wanting, B. 739.
Wony, dwell, abide, live, A. 284; B. 431; C. 462. See _Won_.
Wonyande, dwelling, living, B. 293.
Wonys, dwells, A. 47.
Worche, _vb._ work, labour, A. 511.
Worcher = worker, maker, B. 1501.
Worchyp, honour, B. 1802.
Worded, spoken, uttered, C. 421.
Wore, were, A. 142, 232; B. 928.
Worme, reptile, B. 533.
Worre, weaker, literally, worse, B. 719. O.N. _verr_. Sw. _värre_.
O.Sc. _war_. O.E. _werr_, worse.
Worschyp, honour, A. 394.
Worteȝ, herbs, A. 42. See _Werte_.
Worþe, to be, C. 22.
{Worþely, Worþelych, Worþly, Worþlych, Worþyly,} worthy, A. 47, 846,
1073; B. 471, 651, 1298, 1351; beautiful, C. 475.
Worþloker, more worthy (_comp._ of _worþelych_), C. 464.
{Wost, Woste,} knowest, A. 293, 411; B. 875. See _Wot_.
Wot, know, A. 47, 1107; C. 129.
Wote, knows, C. 397.
Woþe, hurt, harm, B. 855. This word occurs under the forms _quathe_,
_wathe_, and seems to be related to O.E. _qued_. Low Ger. _quat_,
bad. O.E. _wathe_, bad; _wathely_, badly.
“Ffor _woþe_ of þe worse.” --(T. B. 1223.)
Woþe, path, A. 151, 375. A.S. _wáth_, _wáthu_. O.E. _wathe_, a way,
path. See extract under the word _Wasturne_.
{Wowe, Woȝe,} wall, A. 1049; B. 832, 839, 1403, 1531. A.S. _wáh_.
“_Wowe_ or wal, murus.” (Prompt. Parv.)
Wrache, vengeance, B. 204, 229; C. 185. A.S. _wrec_, _wracu_.
Wrak (_pret._ of _wreke_), avenged, B. 570.
Wrake, vengeance, B. 213, 235, 718, 970, 1225.
Wrakful, angry, bitter, B. 302, 541.
Wrang, wrong, A. 15; B. 76; wrongly, A. 488, 631; bad, C. 384.
Wraste (_pret._ of _wreste_), raised, uplifted, B. 1166, 1403; thrust,
1802; C. 80.
{Wrastel, Wrastle,} wrestle, B. 949; C. 141.
Wraþe, become angry, B. 230; C. 74; make angry, B. 719.
Wraȝte, wrought, A. 56.
Wrech = wrache, vengeance, B. 230.
{Wrech, Wreche, Wrechche,} wretch, B. 84, 828; C. 113.
Wrech, wretched, C. 258. A.S. _wrec_, wretched. With _wrech_ and
_wretched_, cf. _wik_ and _wikked_.
{Wrek, Wreke,} avenged, B. 198.
Wrenche, device, B. 292. A.S. _wrence_.
Wro, passage; literally, corner, A. 866. O.Sw. _wraa_. Dan. _vraa_.
Wroken, (_pret._ of _wreke_), banished, exiled, A. 375. A.S. _wrecan_,
to exile, banish.
Wrot (_pret._ of _wrote_), grubbed up, C. 467. A.S. _wrótan_, to turn
up with the snout; _wrót_, a snout.
“With wrathe he begynnus to _wrote_,
He ruskes vppe mony a rote
With tusshes of iij. fote.” --(Avowynge of Arthur, xii. 13.)
Wroþe, fierce, B. 1676. A.S. _wráth_, wroth, enraged.
Wroþeloker (_comp._ of _wroþely_), more fiercely, angrily, C. 132.
{Wroþely, Wroþly,} angrily, fiercely, B. 280, 949; C. 132.
Wroþer (_comp._ of _wroþe_), fiercer, C. 162.
{Wroȝt, Wroȝte,} wrought, worked, A. 525, 748.
Wruxeled, raised, B. 1381. _Wrixle_ = change, turn, occurs in T. B.
445.
“Þis unwarnes of wit _wrixlis_ hys mynd.”
Wryst, B. 1535.
Wryt, B. 1552.
Wryþe, turn, A. 350, 488; wriggle, B. 533; toil, A. 511; bind, thrust,
C. 80. A.S. _writhan_, to writhe, bind, twist. “_Writhen_ like a
wilde eddur.” T. B. 4432.
Wunder, B. 1390.
Wunnen, won, B. 1305.
Wyche, B. 1577.
Wyche-crafte, B. 1560.
Wyddere, wither, C. 468.
Wydowande (_wyndowande_), withering, dry, B. 1048; _wyndowand_ = burnt
up. N.Prov.E. _winny_, to dry, burn up.
Wyke, member, part, B. 1690. O.N. _vik_.
{Wykke, Wyk,} wicked, B. 908, 1063. A.S. _wícan_, to become weak, to
yield. O.N. _víkia_.
{Wykket, Wyket,} wicket, gate, door, B. 501, 857.
{Wyl, Wylle,} wandering, C. 473; forlorn, B. 76. O.N. _villa_, error;
_villa_, to lead astray, beguile. Phrase, _wille o wan_, astray from
abode, uncertain where to go; _wil-sum_, _wil-ful_, lonely,
solitary, desert.
“So I _wilt_ in the wod.” --(T. B. 2359.)
“Adam went out ful _wille_ o wan.”
--(Cott. MS. Vesp. A. iii. fol. 7a.)
“All wery I wex and _wyle_ of my _gate_.” --(T. B. 2369.)
“Sone ware thay _willid_ fra the way the wod was so thick.”
--(K. Alex. p. 102.)
“Sorful bicom þat fals file (the devil)
And thoght how he moght man _bi-wille_;
Agains God wex he sa gril,
Þat alle his werk he wend to spil.”
--(Cott. MS. Vesp. A. iii. fol. 5b.)
“His suns þat (we) of forwit melt,
Al þe werld bituix þam delt;
Asie to Sem, to Cham Affrik,
To Japhet Europ þat _wilful_ wike:
Al þer þre þai war ful rike.” --(_Ibid._ fol. 13a.)
Wyldren = wyldern (?), waste, wilderness, C. 297. A.S. _wild_, wild,
and _ærn_, a place (?). See _Wasturne_.
“In _wildrin_ land and in wastin,
I wil tham (the Israelites) bring of þair nocin;
Bot wel I wat he (Pharaoh) is ful thra,
Lath sal him think to let þam ga.”
--(Cott. MS. Vesp. A. iii. fol. 33a.)
Wylsfully, wilfully, B. 268.
Wylger, wild, fierce, B. 375. See extract under the word _Note_.
Wylle, forlorn, B. 76. See _Wyl_.
Wylnes, apostacy, B. 231.
Wylneȝ, desirest (_2d pers. sing_ of _wylne_), A. 318. A.S. _wilnian_.
Wyly, curiously, craftily, B. 1452. A.S. _wile_, a device.
Wyndas, windlass, C. 103.
Wyndowe, B. 453.
Wynne, joyful, A. 154. A.S. _wyn_, pleasure, delight.
Wynne, obtain, get, A. 579; B. 617. A.S. _winnan_. See T. B. 1165.
Wynnelych, gracious, B. 1807, Cp. _wynly_ = dexterously, 1165.
Wyrde, fate, destiny, A. 249, 273; B. 1224. Sc. _wird_. A.S. _wyrd_.
Wyrle, flew, B. 475.
Wyschande, hoping for, wishing, A. 14.
Wyse, manner, A. 1095; _wyses_, B. 1805.
{Wyse, Wysse,} show, appear, A. 1135, B. 1564; direct, send out,
B. 453; instruct, C. 60. A.S. _wissian_.
{Wyst, Wyste,} knew, A. 376; B. 152.
Wyt, wisdom, B. 348; C. 129.
Wyt, know, learn, B. 1319, 1360. A.S. _witan_.
Wyte, blame, B. 76; C. 501. A.S. _wítian_.
Wyte, pass away (?), C. 397. A.S. _wítan_.
Wyter, true, truly, B. 1552. O.N. _vitr_, wise, prudent.
“& her ice wile shæwenn ȝaw
Summ þing to _witter_ tákenn.” --(Ormulum, vol. i. p. 115.)
“Ne þe nedder was noght bitter
Þan, þowf he was ever _witter_;
Ffor of alle, als sheus þe boke,
Mast he cuth o crafte and crok.”
--(Cott. MS. Vesp. A. iii. fol. 5b.)
Wytered, informed, B. 1587.
Wyterly, truly, B. 171, 1567. Dan. _vitterlig_, known, manifest.
Wyþe, gentle, soft, C. 454. A.S. _wéthe_, soft, pleasant.
Wyþer, contrary, opposite, A. 230; adverse, hostile, C. 48. S.Sax.
_witherr_, adverse, evil. A.S. _witherian_, to oppose, resist.
Cf. _wetheruns_ = _wetherings_, enemies, T. B. 5048.
“Ga, _witherr_ gast, o bacch fra me.” --(Ormulum, vol. ii. p. 41.)
Wyþerly, fiercely, angrily, B. 198; C. 74.
Wyth-halde, withhold, B. 740.
Wythouten, without, A. 390.
Wytles, foolish, B. 1585; C. 113.
Wytte, meaning, B. 1630; wit, A. 294; _wytteȝ_, devices, B. 515.
{Wyȝ, Wyȝe,} person, being, A. 131, 579; B. 545. A.S. _wiga_,
a warrior, soldier; _wig_, war.
Wyȝt, quick, quickly, B. 617; C. 103. O.E. _wight_. Sw. _vig_, active.
Wyȝtly, quickly, B. 908.
“He waites vmbe hym _wightly_.” --(T. B. 876.)

Ydropike, dropsical, B. 1096.
Yle, isle, A. 693.
Ylle, bad, evil, C. 8.
Ynde, blue, A. 1016; B. 1411.
“Þe toiþer heu neist (to grennes) for to find,
Es al o _bleu_, men cals it _ynd_.”
--(Cott. MS. Vesp. A. iii. fol. 53a.)
Yow, you, A. 287.
Yor, your, A. 761.
Yre, anger, B. 775, 1240.
Yþe, wave, B. 430; C. 147. A.S. _ythu_, a wave, flood. S.Sax. _uthe_.
“Þe roghe _yþes_.” --T. B. 1045.
Yȝe, eye (_pl._ _yȝen_), A. 254, 302.

Ȝare = yare, plainly, accurately, A. 834. A.S. _gearo_, ready,
prepared, accurate.
Ȝark, _adj._ select, B. 652; prepare, B. 1708; _vb._ to grant, B. 758.
A.S. _gearcian_, to prepare, make ready. See T. B. 414.
Ȝarm, cry, B. 971. As the character ȝ in these poems always represents
_g_ or _gh_, _ȝarm_ is evidently not derived from the A.S. _cyrm_,
noise, retained in O.E. _charm_, a humming noise, the cry of birds,
etc., but is from the Welsh _garm_, shout, outcry; _garmio_, to set
up a cry, from which the A.S. _cyrm_, is itself derived.
Ȝate, gate, A. 1034.
Ȝe, ye, A. 381.
Ȝede (_pret._ of _go_), went, A. 526, 1049; B. 432.
Ȝederly, quickly, soon, B. 463. O.N. _gedugr_, exceedingly. The
adjective _ȝeder_ does not occur in the poems, but was not unknown
to O.E. literature. It occurs in the glossary to the Romance of King
Alexander, ed. Stevenson, but is left unexplained by the editor.
“Then bownes agayn the bald kyng, baldly he wepis,
That he so skitly suld skifte and fo his skars terme;
So did his princes, sais the profe, for pete of himselfe,
With _ȝedire_ ȝoskinges and ȝerre ȝette out to grete.”
(p. 172.)
“_Ȝedire ȝoskinges_ = great (frequent) sobbings.”
Ȝelde, yield, perform, B. 665.
Ȝellyng = yelling, outcry, B. 971. A.S. _geallian_, to yell.
“_Ȝellyn’_ or hydowsly cryin’, Vociferor.” (Prompt. Parv.)
Ȝeme, protect, guard, B. 1242, 1493. A.S. _géman_, to care for, take
care of.
Ȝemen, yeomen, A. 535.
Ȝender, yonder, B. 1617.
{Ȝep, Ȝepe,} quick, active, bold, B. 796, 881. A.S. _gæp_.
“So yonge & so _ȝepe_.” T. B. 357.
Ȝeply, quickly, B. 665, 1708. See T. B. 414.
{Ȝer, Ȝere,} year, A. 483, 588.
Ȝerne = yearn, desire, A. 1190; B. 66, 758.
Ȝestande, B. 846. If from the A.S. _gæston_, “afflicted,” we may
render this term “afflicting,” but if, as is more probable, it is
from the A.S. _gist_, froth, yeast, we may explain it as “frothing,”
“overflowing.” Cf. the phrase, “the _yesty_ waves.”
Ȝete, offer, give, A. 558. O.E. _yate_ (_pret._ _yatte_). O.N. _géta_.
“He _yatte_ hir freli al hir bone (prayer).”
--(Cott. MS. Vesp. A. iii. fol. 47a.)
_Gate_, in T. B. 979, seems to mean a request.
“And he hir graunted þat _gate_ with a good wille.”
Ȝete, yet, A. 1061.
Ȝeȝed, spoke, B. 846. Prov. Ger. _gaggen_, to stutter, gabble.
Ȝif, if, B. 758.
Ȝise, truly, yes, C. 117.
Ȝisterday, yesterday, B. 463.
Ȝokke, yoke, B. 66.
Ȝolden, restored, B. 1708.
Ȝolpe, _vb._ boast, B. 846. A.S. _gilpan_.
Ȝomerly, sorrowful, lamentable, B. 971. A.S. _geomor_, sad;
_geomorlíc_, doleful. Cf. _ȝomeryng_, T. B. 1722.
Ȝon, yon, A. 693; B. 772.
Ȝonde, yonder, B. 721.
{Ȝong, Ȝonge,} young, A. 412, 474; B. 783.
Ȝore, before, A. 586. A.S. _geara_.
Ȝore-fader, forefather, A. 322.
Ȝore-whyle, ere-while, B. 842.
Ȝornen (_3rd pers. pl. pret._), ran, B. 881. A.S. _ge-yrnan_, to run.
Ȝyrd, go, hasten, A. 635. The original meaning of _ȝyrd_ is perhaps a
sudden sting, blow, hence to strike, then to start forward. Goth.
_gazd_, a sting, goad. Lat. _hasta_. O.E. _gird_, to strike.
“_Gird_ out the grete teth of the grym best.” --(T. B. 177.)

Errata (noted by transcriber)

Typographical Errors

“Bacus he was brayne-wode for _bebbing_ of wynes.” [ofwynes]
Comyne, B. . See T. B. 12863.
[_printed as shown: the word “comynes” appears at B. 1747_]
[_The only number that fits the space is 111. This entry is not in
the 1864 edition; the editor may have left a space, intending to
come back and fill in the correct line number._]
{Endure, Endeure,} A. 476, 1082.
[_“Eudeure” but body text and 1864 edition both have “Endeure”_]
Harlot, underling ... To “do _harlottry_, scurrari.”
[_open quote conjectural: also missing in 1864 edition_]
Soerly, an error for _Soberly_, B. 117.
[_“on error” but 1864 edition has “an error“_]
{Sulp, Sulpe,} ... M.H.D. _be-sulwen_.
[_printed as shown: error for “M.H.G.”?_]
Styȝtle ... _stightill_ the Realme.”
[_“the / the” at line break_]

Punctuation and Mechanics

Abate, lessen, put an end to, A. 123; B. 1356. [end to.]
Atlyng ... (T. B. 855.) [(T. B., 855).]
Attled ... (T. B. 394.) [T. B.,]
Aunter, adventure, marvel, B. 1600. See T. B. 1899. [T. B.,]
Bagge, baggage. C. 158. [C. 158,]
Babtem, A. 627. See _Baptem_. [_cross-reference not italicized_]
Baronage, nobility, B. 1424. See T. B. 211. [T. B.,]
{Ben, Bene,} are _3rd. pers. pl._ A. 572. [A 572.]
“The kyng was full curteus, _calt_ on a maiden.” [_” missing_]
Bityde, betide; _pret._ bitydde, C. 61. [_. missing_]
Brych ... B. 848. ... Ger. _brechen_ [B. 848, ... Gr.]
Byde, abide ... B. 449, 622. [B. 449, 622,]
Bysyde, beside, B. 673. [B. 673,]
{Cheuetayn, Cheuentayn,} ... O.Fr. _chevetaine_. [_chevetaine_,]
{Childer, Chylder,} children, A. 718; B. 1300. [A. 718:]
Enquylen, obtain, C. 39. See _Aquyle_. [_Aquyle_..]
Fest, Feste, feast, A. 283; B. 642, 1758. [1758..]
Flyte, to quarrel, strive ... _flitan_. [_flitan_,]
Founce ... See _Founs_. [_cross-reference not italicized_]
Grymme, horrible ... _grimm_, fury, rage; [rage,;]
Haspe, fasten, B. 419 ... Cf. “_haspyng_ in armys” [_” missing_]
{Hatel, Hattel,} ... S.Saxon _hatel_, _hetel_ [S.Saxon,]
Heuen ... Or _heuen_ his harme with foli mare.” [_” missing_]
Hyre, _sb._ hire, wages, A. 534, 539. [wages.,]
Jauele ... --missing (MS. Lansd. 1033, in Hall.) [_open ( missing_]
{Kyþ, Kyþe,} ... (T. B. 103.) [T. B.,]
Lefsel ... Sw. _löfsal_ [_ö printed as small e over o_]
Lote ... See T. B. 1900. [T. B.,]
{Neȝ, Neȝe, Neȝen,} approach, B. 32, 143, 805, 1017, 1754.
[805 1017, 1754,]
Pray, _sb._ prey, B. 1297; _vb._ to plunder, B. 1624. [Pray.]
Rowtande, rushing, B. 354. “A _routond_ rayn,” T. B. 1986.
[_” missing_]
Ruchen ... “[The king] Ricchis his reynys.” [_. invisible_]
Rwe, to pity, C. 176, 502 [C, 176,]
Ryche, kingdom, A. 601, 722. A.S. _ríce_. [A, 601,]
Schauen, shaven, scraped, B. 1134. [B, 1134.]
Soberly, quietly ... B. 117, 799, 1497. [799.]
Stalle ... “Lia he (Jacob) _stalle_ until his bedd.” [_. invisible_]
Stour, conflict ... The folk al fled of Israel.” [_. invisible_]
Strot ... (... Cott. MS. Vesp. A. iii.) [_final . missing_]
Swap ... “He swynges out with a swerd and _swappis_ him to dethe.”
[_” missing_]
Tenfully, sorrowfully, bitterly, B. 160. [B. B.]
Towche ... A. 898; B. 1437. [_. missing_]
Vglokest ... T. B. 877. [T. B.,]
Wafte ... same origin with _wafte_. [_wafte_,]
Waken ... (T. B. 404.) [(T. B. 404).]
{Wale, Walle,} ... T. 386, 4716 [_text unchanged_]
{Walt, Walte,} ... Prov.E. _walt_, _welt_. [_walt_.]
{Wast, Waste,} destroy, B. 326, 431 [326, .431]
{Worþely ... Worþyly,} ... beautiful, C. 475. [beautiful;]
Wyldren ... (Cott. MS. Vesp. A. iii. fol. 33a.)
[_a in “33a” not italicized_]
Wyȝtly ... (T. B. 876.) [(T. B. 876).]
Ȝete, offer, give ... O.N. _géta_. [O.N,]
Ȝyrd ... (T. B. 177.) [(T. B. 177).]

* * * * *
* * * *
* * * * *

The Pearl: Sidenotes

I. Description of a lost pearl (_i.e._ a beloved child). The father laments the loss of his pearl. He often visits the spot where his pearl disappeared, and hears a sweet song. Where the pearl was buried there he found lovely flowers. Each blade of grass springs from a dead grain. In the high season of August the parent visits the grave of his lost child. Beautiful flowers covered the grave. From them came a delicious odour. The bereaved father wrings his hands for sorrow, falls asleep upon the flowery plot, and dreams.

II. In spirit he is carried to an unknown region, where the rocks and cliffs gleamed gloriously. The hill sides were decked with crystal cliffs. The leaves of the trees were like burnished silver. The gravel consisted of precious pearls. The father forgets his sorrow. He sees birds of the most beautiful hues, and hears their sweet melody. No tongue could describe the beauty of the forest. All shone like gold. The dreamer arrives at the bank of a river, which gave forth sweet sounds. In it, stones glittered like stars in the welkin on a winter night.

III. His grief abates, and he follows the course of the stream. No one could describe his great joy. He thought that Paradise was on the opposite bank. The stream was not fordable. More and more he desires to see what is beyond the brook. But the way seemed difficult. The dreamer finds new marvels. He sees a crystal cliff, at the foot of which, sits a maiden clothed in glistening white. He knows that he has seen her before. He desires to call her but is afraid, at finding her in such a strange place.

IV. So he stands still, like a well trained hawk. He fears lest she should escape before he could speak to her. His long lost one is dressed in royal array--decked with precious pearls. She comes along the stream towards him. Her kirtle is composed of ‘sute,’ ornamented with pearls. She wore a crown of pearls. Her hair hung down about her. Her colour was whiter than whalebone. Her hair shone as gold. The trimming of her robe consisted of precious pearls. A wonderful pearl was set in her breast. No man from here to Greece, was so glad as the father, when he saw his pearl on the bank of the stream. The maiden salutes him.

V. The father enquires of the maiden whether she is his long-lost pearl, and longs to know who has deprived him of his treasure. The maiden tells him that his pearl is not really lost. She is in a garden of delight, where sin and mourning are unknown. The rose that he had lost is become a pearl of price. The pearl blames his rash speech. The father begs the maiden to excuse his speech, for he really thought his pearl was wholly lost to him. The maiden tells her father that he has spoken three words without knowing the meaning of one. The first word. The second. The third.

VI. He is little to be praised who loves what he sees. To love nothing but what one sees is great presumption. To live in this kingdom (_i.e._ heaven) leave must be asked. This stream must be passed over by death. The father asks his pearl whether she is about to doom him to sorrow again. If he loses his pearl he does not care what happens to him. The maiden tells her father to suffer patiently. Though he may dance as any doe, yet he must abide God’s doom. He must cease to strive. All lies in God’s power to make men joyful or sad.

VII. The father beseeches the pearl to have pity upon him. He says that she has been both his bale and bliss. And when he lost her, he knew not what had become of her. And now that he sees her in bliss, she takes little heed of his sorrow. He desires to know what life she leads. The maiden tells him that he may walk and abide with her, now that he is humble. All are meek that dwell in the abode of bliss. All lead a blissful life. She reminds her father that she was very young when she died. Now she is crowned a queen in heaven.

VIII. The father of the maiden does not fully understand her. Mary, he says, is the queen of heaven. No one is able to remove the crown from her. The maiden addresses the Virgin. She then explains to her father that each has his place in heaven. The court of God has a property in its own being. Each one in it is a king or queen. The mother of Christ holds the chief place. We are all members of Christ’s body. Look that each limb be perfect. The father replies that he cannot understand how his pearl can be a queen. He desires to know what greater honour she can have.

IX. She was only two years old when she died, and could do nothing to please God. She might be a countess or some great lady but not a queen. The maiden informs her father that there is no limit to God’s power. The parable of the labourers in the vineyard. The lord of the vineyard hires workmen for a penny a day. At noon the lord hires other men standing idle in the market place. He commands them to go into his vineyard, and he will give them what is right. At an hour before the sun went down the lord sees other men standing idle. Tells them to go into the vineyard.

X. As soon as the sun was gone down the “reeve” was told to pay the workmen. To give each a penny. The first began to complain. Having borne the heat of the day he thinks that he deserves more. The lord tells him that he agreed only to give him a penny. The last shall be first, and the first last. The maiden applies the parable to herself. She came to the vine in eventide, and yet received more than others who had lived longer. The father says that his daughter’s tale is unreasonable.

XI. In heaven, the maiden says, each man is paid alike. God is no niggard. The grace of God is sufficient for all. Those who live long on the earth often forfeit heaven by sinning. Innocents are saved by baptism. Why should not God allow their labour. Our first father lost heaven by eating an apple. And all are damned for the sin of Adam. But there came one who paid the penalty of our sins. The water that came from the pierced side of Christ was baptism.

XII. Repentance must be sought by prayer with sorrow and affliction. The guilty may be saved by contrition. Two sorts of people are saved, the _righteous_ and the _innocent_. The words of David. The innocent is saved by right. The words of Solomon. David says no man living is justified. Pray to be saved by innocence and not by right. When Jesus was on earth, little children were brought unto him. The disciples rebuked the parents. Christ said, “Suffer little children to come unto me,” etc.

XIII. No one can win heaven except he be meek as a child. The pearl of price is like the kingdom of heaven, pure and clean. Forsake the mad world and purchase the spotless pearl. The father of the maiden desires to know who formed her figure and wrought her garments. Her beauty, he says, is not natural. Her colour passes the fleur-de-lis. The maiden explains to her father that she is a bride of Christ. She is without spot or blemish. Her weeds are washed in the blood of Christ. The father asks the nature of the Lamb that has chosen his daughter, and why she is selected as a bride.