Chapter M: P

LEON JACQUES MAXIME PRINET.
Formerly Archivist to the French National Archives. Auxiliary of
the Institute of France (Academy of Moral and Political Sciences).
Author of _L'Industrie du sel en Franche-Comte_; _Les Armoiries
ecarteles des conjoints_; _Francois I et le comte de Bourgogne_.

Brienne-le-Chateau;
Brissae, Dukes of.

M. St J.
MOLYNEUX ST JOHN.

British Columbia: (_in part_).

N. W. T.
NORTHCOTE WHITBRIDGE THOMAS, M.A.
Government Anthropologist to Southern Nigeria. Corresponding
Member of the Societe d'Anthropologie de Paris. Author of _Thought
Transference_, _Kinship and Marriage in Australia_; &c.

Boomerang.

O. Ba.
OSWALD BARRON, F.S.A.
Hon. Genealogist to Standing Council of the Honourable Society of
the Baronetage. Editor of the _Ancestor_, 1902-1905.

Butler: _Family_.

O. Br.
OSCAR BRILIANT.

Bohemia: _Geography and Statistics_;
Budapest.

O. H.
OLAUS MAGNUS FRIEDRICH HENRICI, PH.D., LL.D., F.R.S.
Professor of Mechanics and Mathematics in the Central Technical
College of the City and Guilds of London Institute. Author of
_Vectors and Rotors_; _Congruent Figures_; &c.

Calculating Machines.

P. A. K.
PRINCE PETER ALEXEIVITCH KROPOTKIN.
See the biographical article: KROPOTKIN, P.A.

Bokhara: (_in part_);
Bulgaria: _Eastern_.

P. C. M.
PETER CHALMERS MITCHELL, M.A., D.SC., LL.D., F.R.S.
Secretary to the Zoological Society of London. University
Demonstrator in Comparative Anatomy and Assistant to Linacre
Professor at Oxford, 1888-1891. Lecturer on Biology at Charing
Cross Hospital, 1892-1894; at London Hospital, 1894. Examiner in
Biology to the Royal College of Physicians, 1892-1896, 1901-1903.
Examiner in Zoology to the University of London, 1903.

Breeds and Breeding

P. C. Y.
PHILIP CHESNEY YORKE, M.A.
Magdalen College, Oxford.

Boleyn, Anne;
Bolingbroke;
Bothwell;
Bristol, 1st and 2nd Earls of;
Buckingham, 1st Duke of (_in part_);
Buckingham, 2nd Duke of.

P. Gi.
PETER GILES, M.A., LL.D., LITT.D.
Fellow and Classical Lecturer of Emmanuel College, Cambridge, and
University Reader in Comparative Philology. Late Secretary of the
Cambridge Philological Society. Author of _Manual of Comparative
Philology_; &c.

C.

P. G. K.
PAUL G. KONODY.
Art Critic of the _Observer_ and the _Daily Mail_. Formerly Editor
of the _Artist_. Author of _The Art of Walter Crane_; _Velasquez,
Life and Work_; &c.

Bordone.

P. S.
PHILIP SCHIDROWITZ, PH.D., F.C.S.
Member of Council, Institute of Brewing. Member of Committee of
Society of Chemical Industry. Author of numerous articles on the
Chemistry and Technology of Brewing, Distilling, &c.

Brandy;
Brewing.

P. W. C.
PETER WILLIAM CLAYDEN (d. 1902).
Formerly President, Institute of Journalists, London. Literary
Editor of the _Daily News_. Author of _Scientific Men and
Religious Teachers_; _England under Lord Beaconsfield_; _Early
Life of Samuel Rogers_; _Rogers and his Contemporaries_; _England
under the Coalition_; &c.

Bright, John.

R. A.*
ROBERT ANCHEL.
Archivist to the Department de l'Eure.

Boissy D'Anglais, Francois Antoine de.

R. Ad.
ROBERT ADAMSON, LL.D.
See the biographical article: ADAMSON, R.

Bonaventura, Saint;
Bruno, Giordano (_in part_);
Butler, Bishop (_in part_).

R. A. S. M.
ROBERT ALEXANDER STEWART MACALISTER, M.A., F.S.A.
St John's College, Cambridge. Director of Excavations for the
Palestine Exploration Fund.

Bozrah;
Caesarea Palaestina;
Caesarea Philippi.

R. G.
RICHARD GARNETT, LL.D.
See the biographical article: GARNETT, R.

Burton, John Hill.

R. I. P.
R.I. POCOCK, F.Z.S.
Superintendent of the Zoological Gardens, London.

Book-Scorpion;
Caddis-Fly and Caddis-Worm.

R. J. M.
RONALD JOHN MCNEILL, M.A.
Christ Church, Oxford. Barrister-at-Law. Formerly Editor of _St
James's Gazette_, London.

Bunker Hill.

R. L.*
RICHARD LYDEKKER, F.R.S., F.L.S.
Member of Staff of Geological Survey of India, 1874-1882. Author
of _Catalogues of Fossil Mammals, Reptiles and Birds in British
Museum_; &c.

Bison;
Bovidae;
Buffalo.

R. N. B.
ROBERT NISBET BAIN (d. 1909).
Assistant Librarian, British Museum, 1883-1909. Author of
_Scandinavia: the Political History of Denmark, Norway and Sweden,
1513-1900_; _The First Romanovs, 1613 to 1725_; _Slavonic Europe:
the Political History of Poland and Russia from 1469 to 1796_; &c.

Boeskay, Stephen;
Boris Fedorovich Godunov;
Boyar;
Brahe, Per;
Buslaev, Fedor Ivanovich.

R. P.*
ROBERT PEELE.
Professor of Mining in Columbia University, New York.

Blasting;
Boring.

R. Po.
RENE POUPARDIN, D. ES L.
Secretary to the Ecole des Chartes. Honorary Librarian to the
Bibliotheque Nationale. Author of _Le Royaume de Bourgogne_; _Le
Royaume de Provence sous les Carolingiens_; &c.

Burgundy.

S. A. C.
STANLEY ARTHUR COOK, M.A.
Lecturer in Hebrew and Syriac, and formerly Fellow, Gonville and
Caius College, Cambridge. Editor for Palestine Exploration Fund.
Examiner in Hebrew and Aramaic, London University, 1904-1908.
Council of Royal Asiatic Society, 1904-1905. Author of _Glossary
of Aramaic Inscriptions_; _The Laws of Moses and the Code of
Hammurabi_; _Critical Notes on Old Testament History_; _Religion
of Ancient Palestine_; &c.

Cain;
Caleb.

S. C.
SIDNEY COLVIN, M.A., LITT.D.
See the biographical article: COLVIN, SIDNEY.

Botticelli.

St C.
VISCOUNT ST CYRES.
See the biographical article: IDDESLEIGH: 1ST EARL OF.

Bossuet.

S. H. V.*
SYDNEY HOWARD VINES, M.A., D.SC., F.R.S., F.L.S.
Sherardian Professor of Botany, Oxford University. Fellow of
Magdalen College. Author of _Lectures on the Physiology of
Plants_; _Text-Book of Botany_; &c.

Brongniart, Adolphe Theodore.

S. L.-P.
STANLEY LANE-POOLE, M.A., LITT.D.
Formerly Professor of Arabic, Dublin University, and Examiner in
the University of Wales. Corresponding Member of the Imperial
Russian Archaeological Society. Member of the Khedivial Commission
for the Preservation of the Monuments of Arab Art, &c. Author of
_Life of Lord Stratford de Redcliffe_; _Life of Sir Harry Parkes_;
_Cairo_; _Turkey_; &c. Editor of _The Koran_; _The Thousand and
One Nights_; &c.

Burton, Sir Richard Francis.

S. R. G.
SAMUEL RAWSON GARDINER, LL.D., D.C.L.
See the biographical article: GARDINER, S. R.

Buckingham, 1st Duke of (_in part_).

T. As.
THOMAS ASHBY, M.A., D.LITT. (Oxon.).
Director of British School of Archaeology at Rome. Member of the
Imperial German Archaeological Institute. Formerly Scholar of
Christ Church, Oxford. Craven Fellow, 1897. Conington Prizeman,
1906. Author of _The Classical Topography of the Roman Campagna_.

Bologna;
Bolsena;
Bononia;
Borgo San Donnino;
Bovianum;
Bovillae;
Bracciano;
Brescia;
Bruttii;
Caere;
Cagli;
Cagliari;
Caietae Portus;
Calabria.

T. Ba.
SIR THOMAS BARCLAY, M.P.
Member of the Institute of International Law. Member of the
Supreme Council of the Congo Free State. Officer of the Legion of
Honour. Author of _Problems of International Practice and
Diplomacy_; &c. M.P. for Blackburn, 1910.

Blockade.

T. G. Br.
THOMAS GREGOR BRODIE, M.D., F.R.S.
Professor of Physiology in the University of Toronto. Author of
_Essentials of Experimental Physiology_.

Blood: _Anatomy and Physiology_.

T. H. H.*
SIR THOMAS HUNGERFORD HOLDICH, K.C.M.G., K.C.I.E., D.SC.
Superintendent, Frontier Surveys, India, 1892-1898. Gold
Medallist, R.G.S., London, 1887. Author of _The Indian
Borderland_; _The Countries of the King's Award_; _India_;
_Tibet_; &c.

Bolan Pass;
Brahmaputra.

T. Se.
THOMAS SECCOMBE, M.A.
Lecturer in History, East London and Birkbeck Colleges, University
of London. Stanhope Prizeman, Oxford, 1887. Assistant Editor of
_Dictionary of National Biography_, 1891-1901. Author of _The Age
of Johnson_; &c.

Boswell.

T. W.-D.
THEODORE WATTS-DUNTON.
See the biographical article: WATTS-DUNTON, T.

Borrow.

T. W. R. D.
T. W. RHYS DAVIDS, LL.D., PH.D.
Professor of Comparative Religion, Manchester University.
President of the Pali Text Society. Fellow of the British Academy.
Secretary and Librarian of Royal Asiatic Society, 1885-1902.
Author of _Buddhism_; _Sacred Books of the Buddhists_; _Early
Buddhism_; _Buddhist India_; _Dialogues of the Buddha_; &c.

Buddha;
Buddhaghosa;
Buddhism.

W. A. B. C.
REV. WILLIAM AUGUSTUS BREVOORT COOLIDGE, M.A., F.R.G.S., PH.D.
(Bern).
Fellow of Magdalen College, Oxford. Professor of English History,
St David's College, Lampeter, 1880-1881. Author of _Guide du Haut
Dauphine_; _The Range of the Todi_; _Guide to Grindelwald_; _Guide
to Switzerland_; _The Alps in Nature and in History_; &c. Editor
of the _Alpine Journal_, 1880-1889, &c.

Bitzius;
Blanc, Mont;
Bonstetten;
Botzen;
Bourrit;
Bregenz;
Brenner Pass;
Briancon;
Brieg;
Brienz, Lake of;
Brignoles;
Brixen;
Burckhardt, Jakob;
Burgdorf.

W. A. P.
WALTER ALISON PHILLIPS, M.A.
Formerly Exhibitioner of Merton College and Senior Scholar of St
John's College, Oxford. Author of _Modern Europe_; &c.

Bishop;
Brunhild.

W. B.*
WILLIAM BURTON, M.A., F.C.S.
Chairman, Joint Committee of Pottery Manufacturers of Great
Britain. Author of _English Stoneware and Earthenware_; &c.

Brick (_in part_).

W. B. S.*
WILLIAM BARCLAY SQUIRE, M.A., F.S.A., F.R.G.S.
Assistant in charge of Printed Music, British Museum. Hon.
Secretary of the Purcell Society. Formerly Musical Critic of
_Westminster Gazette_, _Saturday Review_ and _Globe_. Editor of
_Byrd's Masses_.

Byrd.

W. C. S.
WILLIAM CHARLES SMITH, K.C., M.A., LL.D.
Formerly Sheriff of Ross, Cromarty and Sutherland. Editor of
_Judicial Review_, 1889-1900.

Borough: _Irish and Scottish_.

W. C. U.
WILLIAM CAWTHORNE UNWIN, LL.D., F.R.S., M.INST C.E., M.INST M.E.,
A.R.I.B.A.
Emeritus Professor of Engineering, Central Technical College, City
and Guilds of London Institute. Author of _Wrought Iron Bridges
and Roofs_; _Treatise on Hydraulics_.

Bridges.

W. Hd.
WILFRANC HUBBARD.
Correspondent of _The Times_ in Rome.

Bolivia: _History (in part)_.

W. H. L.
WILLIAM H. LANG, D.SC.
Barker Professor of Cryptogamic Botany, University of Manchester.
Author of Papers on Botanical Subjects, including Morphology and
life history of Bryophyta, Pteridophyta and Gymnosperms, in
scientific journals.

Bryophyta.

W. H. W.*
WILLIAM HENRY WHITFELD, M.A.
Trinity College, Cambridge. Card Editor of the _Field_.

Bridge: _Game_.

W. J. H.*
W.J. HUGHAN.
Past Senior Grand Deacon of Freemasons of England, 1874. Hon.
Senior Warden of Grand Lodges of Egypt, Quebec and Iona, &c.

Builders' Rites.

W. L.
RIGHT REV. WILLIAM LAWRENCE, D.D., LL.D.
Bishop of Massachusetts. Author of _Study of Phillips Brooks_;
_Life of Roger Wolcott_; &c.

Brooks, Phillips.

W. L. G.
WILLIAM LAWSON GRANT, M.A.
Professor of Colonial History, Queen's University, Kingston,
Canada. Formerly Beit Lecturer in Colonial History, Oxford
University. Editor of _Acts of the Privy Council_ (Canadian
Series).

Brock, Sir Isaac;
Brown, George.

W. L. R. C.
WILLIAM LIEST READWIN CATES (1821-1895).
Editor of _Dictionary of General Biography_. Author of _A History
of England from the Death of Edward the Confessor to the Death of
King John_. Part author of _Encyclopaedia of Chronology_.

Boscovich.

W. M. R.
WILLIAM MICHAEL ROSSETTI.
See the biographical article: ROSSETTI, DANTE GABRIEL.

Brown, Ford Madox.

W. R. L.
W.R. LETHABY, F.S.A.
Principal of the Central School of Arts and Crafts under the
London County Council. Author of _Architecture, Mysticism and
Myth_, &c.

Byzantine Art.

W. S. J.
WILLIAM STANLEY JEVONS, LL.D.
See the biographical article: JEVONS, WILLIAM STANLEY.

Boole.

W. Wr.
WILLISTON WALKER, PH.D., D.D.
Professor of Church History, Yale University. Author of _History
of the Congregational Churches in the United States_, _The
Reformation_, _John Calvin_; &c.

Bushnell, Horace.

W. W. F.*
WILLIAM WARDE FOWLER, M.A.
Fellow of Lincoln College, Oxford. Sub-Rector, 1881-1904. Gifford
Lecturer, Edinburgh University, 1908. Author of _The City-State of
the Greeks and Romans_, _The Roman Festivals of the Republican
Period_; &c.

Bona Dea.

W. W. R.*
WILLIAM WALKER ROCKWELL, LIC. THEOL.
Assistant Professor of Church History, Union Theological Seminary,
New York.

Boniface (Popes VIII.-IX.).

FOOTNOTE:

[1] A complete list, showing all individual contributors, appears in
the final volume.

PRINCIPAL UNSIGNED ARTICLES

Bismuth. Bristol.
Bizet, Georges. Brittany.
Black Sea. Broglie, de.
Blackstone. Bromine.
Blake, Robert. Bronchitis.
Blanc, Louis. Bronze.
Blasphemy. Brooke, Fulke Greville.
Blenheim. Brooke, Sir James.
Blowpipe. Brooklyn.
Blucher. Brougham.
Bluntschli. Brown, John.
Boekh. Browne, Sir Thomas.
Boehme. Brunel.
Boeotia. Brunswick.
Boetius. Brush.
Boileau-Despreaux. Brutus.
Bolivar. Bryan, William J.
Bombay. Buchanan, George.
Bonn. Buchanan, James.
Bonnet, Charles. Bucharest.
Bookselling. Buckingham, Earls, Marquesses and Dukes of.
Bopp. Buckinghamshire.
Boraginaceae. Buckle.
Bordeaux. Budget.
Borders, The. Buffalo, U.S.A.
Boric Acid. Buffon, G.L.E., Comte de.
Boron. Bull-Fighting.
Borromeo. Bull Run.
Boston. Bulow, Prince von.
Botocudos. Bunsen, C.C.J., Baron von.
Bottomry. Bunsen, Robert Wilhelm von.
Bouguereau. Burdett-Coutts, Baroness.
Bourbon. Burglary.
Bourges. Burgos.
Bourget. Burmese Wars.
Bow-Leg. Burnet, Gilbert.
Bowling. Burney, Charles.
Bowring, Sir John. Burr, Aaron.
Boxing. Bushmen.
Boyle, Robert. Bute.
Bracelet. Butler, Benjamin Franklin.
Brackley. Butler, Samuel.
Bradford. Button.
Bradlaugh, Charles. Buxton.
Brahma Samaj. Buxtorf, Johannes.
Brake. Byzantium.
Brandes. Cab.
Brassey. Cabbage.
Breadalbane. Cabinet (_Political_).
Bread-Fruit. Cactus.
Breconshire. Cairnes, Prof. Elliot.
Bremen. Cairns, 1st Earl.
Breslau. Cairo.
Brest. Caisson Disease.
Bretschneider. Caithness.
Breviary. Calabar Bean.
Brewster, Sir David. Calcium.
Bribery. Calcutta.
Brisbane.

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