Chapter II: Forms

1. The infinitive with _to_.
(a) Intransitive verbs.
_Present_, to go, to be going.
_Perfect_, to have gone, to have been going.
(b) Transitive verbs.
_Present_, to see, to be seeing, to be seen.
_Perfect_, to have seen, to have been seeing, to have been
seen.
2. The infinitive in _-ing_.
(a) Intransitive verbs.
_Present_, going.
_Perfect_, having gone, having been going.
(b) Transitive verbs.
_Present_, seeing, being seen.
_Perfect_, having seen, having been seeing, having been
seen.
III. USES.
1. As a =noun=.
(a) _Subject of a verb._
To err is human.
Hunting is a sport.
(b) _Object of a verb._
He expects to win.
They stopped working.
(c) _Subjective complement._
My desire is to own a boat.
His task is feeding the sheep.
(d) _Appositive._
His idea, to use coal ashes, was carried out.
His work, running a machine, is monotonous.
(e) _Object of a preposition._
The patient did nothing but eat and sleep.
The child was praised for telling the truth.
2. As an =adjective=.
(a) _Modifying a noun._
I have a garden to make.
(b) _Completing a verb._
These boats are not to let.
3. As an =adverb=.
(a) _Modifying a verb._
I went back to get some matches.
(b) _Modifying an adjective._
We are sure to succeed.
4. As part of a =double object=.
(a) _Of a verb._
I made her tell me.
(b) _Of a preposition._
I made room for her to sit with me.
5. =Independent use.=
To speak plainly, I don’t believe it.