Chapter XXV: Appendix: B864 (3)

Poor Law Acts Amendment Act (1834), 1, 2, 11-20, 21-22, 33, 46, 50, 51,
54, 77, 85-87, 321
---- areas, list of, 321-342;
cost of, v
---- Royal Commission on (1832-1834), 1, 2-11, 85-87; (1905-1909),
274-319, 343-363
---- attempt to restrict operations of, 145-146;
revival of public interest in, 147-148
---- (Apprentices) Act, 113 _n._
---- Board, 25 _n._, 88-146;
establishment of, 86, 87;
made permanent, 146;
abolition of, 130, 146, 147
---- Certified Schools Act, 128 _n._
---- Commissioners, 21-87, 95, 99, 140, 141.
See also _Poor Law Inquiry Commissioners_

Poor Law Conferences, 151, 152-153
---- Inquiry Commissioners, 159;
Report of, 1-11, 12, 19, 21, 22, 27, 33, 36, 42, 46, 49, 50, 51, 52,
54, 55, 57, 59, 74, 75, 82-83, 84-85, 88, 95, 106, 112, 115, 118,
121, 128, 131, 141, 148, 160, 210, 229 _n._, 232, 236, 239, 242,
256, 257, 258, 259, 262, 263, 267, 268
---- Loans Act, 185 _n._
---- Schools. See _Schools, Poor Law_
---- (Schools) Act, 108 _n._

Poor Relief, Committee of House of Commons on, 97, 117;
of House of Lords on, 174

Preston, Mr. J. W., 215 _n._

Preston-Thomas, Mr. H., v., 179 _n._, 216, 221 _n._, 225-226, 246 _n._

Prevention, different meanings of, 308
---- of destitution, 346-349
---- of Cruelty to Children Acts, 180-181, 184

Principles of 1834, 1, 11, 36, 82-87, 88, 91, 148, 149, 151, 164,
256-262, 267, 269, 270, 271, 272;
abandonment of by L.G.B., 237-273;
repudiation of by Royal Commission of 1905-1909, 275

Privy Council, General Rules of Central Authority disallowable by, 21;
Committee of, on Education, 107 _n._, 109 _n._;
public health service of, 146

Provident dispensaries. See _Dispensaries_
---- sick clubs, 48

Public Assistance Authority, only for the undeserving, 282-283;
argument for and against, 350-363

Public Health Acts, 213 _n._, 219-220
---- Authorities, 92, 94, 213, 262;
service of Guardians as, in rural districts, 212 _n._, 219-220;
medical service of, 219-221

Quatt School, 113

Quinine, supply of, 117

"Rate in aid of wages," 27, 37, 41-42, 102

Ratepayers, consent of required, 19, 54

Rathbone, Mr. W., 120

Rawlinson, Sir R., 93 _n._, 94 _n._

Relatives, contributions from, 126, 150, 152, 229, 261

Relief in kind, 4, 25
---- on loan, 10-11, 16, 20, 143, 153, 176, 183-184, 251-253
---- works, for unemployed, 90, 92-94, 164-169, 172

Relieving officer, 96, 103, 119, 128, 145, 157, 173, 199, 209, 214, 217,
231, 252

Remand children. See _Children on remand_

Rent, payment of for paupers, prohibited, 25 _n._, 123

Revising barristers, 217 _n._

"Revolvers," 244

Ritchie, Lord, 166, 200 _n._, 203, 204 _n._, 237 _n._

Röntgen rays, 218 _n._

Roscoe, Sir Henry, 94

Salt, Mr., 290 _n._

Salvation Army, 171

Sanitary Act (1868), 220 _n._

Sanitation, 123 _n._, 266, 267, 271

Scattered Homes for Children, 185-187, 191, 258

School districts, Act for, 107-108;
combination of parishes into, 16;
in Metropolis, 108, 186

Schoolmasters for pauper children, 73, 107-109, 113

Schools, certified, 111, 147, 185, 195, 241, 255, 258
---- District, 16, 45, 108, 111-112, 133, 185-188, 193, 264
---- industrial, 187, 241, 262
---- maintenance of, for children on out relief, 104, 105 _n._

"Schools for Mothers," 310
---- separate Poor Law, 16, 45, 107-114, 133, 185-188, 190, 193-195,
243, 264
---- workhouse, 10, 16, 113, 185, 193

Sclater-Booth, Mr., 208, 210

Scotland, Minority Report for, 343-363;
overlapping in, 344;
proposed introduction of Principle of Less Eligibility into, 357-358;
application of Minority Report to, 361-363

Scottish National Committee to Promote the Break-up of the Poor Law, 343

Senior, Mr. Nassau, 282

Sick in 1834 Report, 6-8, 84, 210;
almost ignored in orders of Central Authority, 82;
asylum districts formed for, 89, 121, 161, 215;
attendance on and nursing of, 67, 136, 146, 160, 211-219, 242-243,
262;
beer for, 218;
compulsory removal of, to workhouse, 209-210;
definition of, 211;
detention of, 268;
deterrence abandoned with regard to, 217, 261-263;
dietary for, 68-69, 138, 242;
disfranchisement of, 217, 264;
domiciliary treatment of, 6-8, 15-17, 46-48, 63, 84-85, 115-119, 131,
143, 149-153, 155, 207-211, 229, 251-252;
Mr. Goschen's proposed gratuitous treatment of, 207-208, 219, 266;
use of hospitals for, 49, 63;
illustrated books for, 218;
institutional
treatment of, 47-49, 56, 62-63, 67-69, 71, 85, 116-123, 133-134, 136,
138, 146, 150, 160, 207-208, 211-219, 236, 242-243, 258, 261-263;
separate institutions for, 160, 211-219, 236, 242, 262-263;
members of friendly societies, 48;
under Metropolitan Asylums Board, 212-213, 216, 243;
nursing of outdoor, 210, 264;
out relief to, 6-8, 15-17, 46-48, 63, 84-85, 115-119, 131, 143,
149-153, 155, 207-211, 229, 251-252;
Principle of Curative Treatment applied to, 263-264;
Principle of Less Eligibility not applicable to, 3, 117-118, 121-122,
212, 215, 261-263;
Principle of National Uniformity not applied to, 258;
under Public Health Authorities, 219-221;
relief on loan to, 143, 251-252;
statistics of, 89, 122, 216;
suggested free medical attendance for, 207-208, 219, 266;
tea for, 218;
treatment of, in cholera panic, 116, 119;
in workhouses, 47-49, 56, 62-63, 67-69, 71, 85, 116-123, 133-134, 136,
138, 146, 150, 160, 207-208, 211-219, 236, 242-243, 258, 261-263

"Sixpenny Doctor," 118

Smart, Professor W., 94 _n._

Smith, Dr. E., 134 _n._, 135 _n._, 137, 235 _n._, 242 _n._

"Special Orders," 21-30, 51, 69

Spencer, Mrs. F. H., ix

Sprigge, Mr. S. Squire, 117 _n._, 132 _n._

Stansfeld, Mr., 148, 151, 208

Stevens, Mr., 37

Stone-breaking or pounding as task, 75, 157, 161, 246

Stoneyards, 84, 157-158

"Sudden or urgent necessity," 13, 29, 37, 42, 60, 214 _n._, 252

Sunday Schools, children sent to, 191

Surgical appliances, 264

Tea, 69, 139, 238-240

Test workhouse, 159-164, 170, 243, 270, 358-359

Tobacco, 237-239

Tools, provision of, 25, 144

Torrens, Mr. W. T. M'Cullagh, 94 _n._

Town Councils, relief by, 90, 92-94, 167

Training ships, 112

Trollope, Sir John, 129

Tufnell, Mr. E. Carleton, 45 _n._, 108 _n._, 264

Underfed children. See _Children_

Unemployed, the, 90, 92-96, 98-99, 148-172, 164-169, 250, 257, 261-262;
in Scotland, 356-361;
how the Majority Report deals with, 275-279, 282, 291;
how the Minority Report deals with, 306, 317, 358-360. See
_Able-bodied_

Unemployed Workmen Act (1905), 169, 250, 257-258, 261, 297, 312-313,
317;
in Scotland, 344

Unions, list of, 321-342

Universal Provision, Principle of, 263, 266-272;
in Majority Report, 277;
in Minority Report, 298-299

Unsound mind, persons of, 49-50, 62-63, 80, 123-127, 133, 138, 143, 146,
188, 221-228, 242, 268, 270, 279, 297-299, 312;
in Scotland, 354-355, 362

Vaccination, 266-267

Vagrancy, Departmental Committee on, 174, 312

Vagrant Acts, 14, 34, 77, 81, 89, 184, 244

Vagrants, 6, 13-14, 33-36, 62, 64, 80, 89, 95-100, 133, 171-174, 257,
259, 262, 266-267, 281, 288, 297, 312;
in 1834 Report, 6, 13-14, 259;
in Departmental Committee Report of 1904-1906, 174, 312;
in Majority Report, 281, 288;
in Minority Report, 297;
in Scotland, 344;
Acts as to, 13-14, 34, 77, 81-89, 184, 244;
orders as to, 36;
asylums for, 14, 35;
casual wards for, 64, 133, 259;
classification of, 62, 64;
detention of, 14, 35, 88, 95-96, 100, 172-174, 257-259, 267;
dietary for, 36, 98-99;
discrimination, policy of, 95-99, 172, 174, 259;
labour colonies for, 171;
Principle of Curative Treatment not applied to, 266;
Principle of Less Eligibility adhered to, 172, 257, 259, 266;
Principle of National Uniformity aimed at, 257, 259;
task of work for, 14, 33, 35, 95-96, 99, 172-173, 257, 259.
See also _Casual Wards_

Vestries, 10, 12; Metropolitan, 166, 168, 213

Vestry of Liverpool, 112, 120, 146, 237

Villiers, Mr. C. P., 134 _n._, 140, 142

Visiting Committee. See _Committee, Visiting_

Voluntary Agencies, sphere of; co-operation of, 144-146, 255;
proper sphere of, 307-311
---- Aid Committee in Majority Report, 281; purpose of, 282

Wakley, Mr. Thomas, 117, 132

Watts, Dr. John, 94 _n._

Weekly, Mr. John, 188 _n._

"Weighting the alternatives," 318

Wethered, Mr., 234 _n._

Widows, 6-7, 12, 15-16, 23, 36-38, 40, 42, 79, 85, 101-104, 115, 130,
149, 153, 176-179, 183, 207, 229, 241;
in 1834 Report, 6-7, 36;
with illegitimate children, 37, 115;
statistics as to, 103, 176-179

Wilson, Miss, 120 _n._

Wives, 6-7, 12, 15, 36-42, 83, 89, 101, 143, 175-178;
of absentee husbands, 6-7, 15, 36, 40-42, 89, 101, 175-176;
accompanying husbands, 6, 36, 39, 41, 83, 178;
deserted, 6-7, 12, 15, 40, 175-176;
of prisoners, 176-178;
of soldiers and sailors, 6-7, 15, 36, 41-42, 176, 178;
test work for, 39-40

Wodehouse, Mr., 103, 148

Women, 6-7, 9, 15-16, 23-24, 27, 29, 30-31, 36-43, 64-65, 67, 74, 76,
79, 83-85, 89-91, 100-104, 134, 136, 138, 143, 149, 152, 154, 162,
174-179, 196, 254, 257, 258, 261;
in 1834 Report, 6-7, 9;
whether ever "able-bodied," 3, 6, 23-24, 27, 30, 36, 83;
dietary for, 138;
discrimination as to character among, 27, 42, 64-65, 76, 134, 136,
258;
oakum-picking for, 162, 164;
and Principle of Less Eligibility, 261;
statistics as to, 100-101, 178-179;
rate in aid of wages to, 37-38, 42, 100-102, 254;
task of work for, 31, 42, 162, 164, 178;
in the workhouse, 6, 9, 43, 64-65, 67, 74, 76, 79, 134, 136, 196.
See also _Wives_ and _Widows_

Workhouse, the, in 1834 Report, 5-19;
under the Poor Law Commissioners, 21-87;
under the Poor Law Board, 95-146;
under the Local Government Board, 152-240;
able-bodied in, 5, 83-85, 128, 235, 242;
admission to, 60-61, 71, 80, 247;
aged in, 5, 9, 83, 219, 222, 235, 237, 240-242, 258;
alcohol in, 19, 68, 218;
children in, 5, 7, 83, 106, 113, 181, 222, 236, 258;
detention in, 19, 80, 82, 164, 209-210, 268, 244-245, 276, 289-292;
dietary of, 67-70, 137-139, 171, 237, 240, 242, 245-246, 248-249;
punishments in, 19, 76, 82;
religion in, 19, 77-79, 82;
sick in, 8, 62, 116, 118-119, 122, 134, 136-137, 209-210, 216, 219,
222, 235, 242, 245, 277;
smoking in, 74c;
statistics as to, 45, 132, 140, 235, 242;
vagrants in, 95-97
---- system, the, 11, 256, 261, 271
---- test, the, 33-34, 52-53, 132, 150, 154-156, 158-159, 165, 258;
modified, 158-159, 170-171

Workmen's Compensation Act (1900), 177 _n._

Printed by R. & R. Clark, LIMITED, _Edinburgh_.

* * * * *

WORKS BY SIDNEY AND BEATRICE WEBB

THE PREVENTION OF DESTITUTION

Demy 8vo (1911). Price 6s. net.

ADVERTISEMENT

In this volume the authors propound a constructive policy, worked out in considerable detail, by the adoption of which they believe that the nation could, within a very few years, progressively get rid of the great bulk of the involuntary destitution in which so large a proportion of our population is now plunged. They analyse the several causes of this destitution, and show how these can severally be arrested in their operation. The extensive ravages of preventable sickness are shown to be productive, directly and indirectly, of probably half the whole mass of destitution; and the authors give us the outlines of a national campaign against sickness. The evil effects of child neglect, from infancy to adolescence, are traced in their resulting adult destitution; and the authors describe the methods of securing, from one end of the kingdom to the other, what may be called a "National Minimum" of child nurture. The dependence of destitution on feeble-mindedness and mental deficiency leads to an examination of the bearing, upon the problem, of the doctrines of Eugenics. The effects of "Sweating" and Unemployment in producing destitution are specially dealt with; and a full exposition is given of the striking plan for actually preventing the great bulk of unemployment, and for maintaining under training those whose unemployment cannot be prevented, with which the authors' names are associated. The experiments and proposals in Insurance, whether voluntary or compulsory, against sickness or against unemployment, receive elaborate analysis and criticism; and the experience both of the Friendly Societies and of the German Government is invoked to indicate in what way Insurance may safely be made use of as part of the provision for Old Age, Invalidity, Industrial Accidents, Sickness, and Involuntary Unemployment. The proper sphere of voluntary agencies in connection with the action of the public authorities, and as a part of the national campaign against destitution, is described at length. The grave social evil of the "overlapping" and duplication of relief at present resulting from the multiplicity of unco-ordinated authorities and agencies is described at some length; and proposals are made for preventing it by a Common Register. Finally, an elaborate chapter is devoted to "the Moral Factor," and a full examination is made of the direct and indirect effects on personal character and on family life, both of the present system of dealing with those who are in need, and of the proposed campaign of prevention. "The universal maintenance of a definite standard of civilised life is the joint obligation of an indissoluble partnership between the individual and the community."

In order to keep the page free from footnotes and references these are relegated to an appendix following each chapter.

CONTENTS