Chapter II: Part I: Ethnologic and Archæologic

INTRODUCTORY 17–19

A REVIEW OF THE DATA FOR THE STUDY OF THE PRE-HISTORIC
CHRONOLOGY OF AMERICA 20–47

Classification of Data. I. _Legendary_: of northern tribes;
of Peruvians, Mexicans and Mayas; limited range. II.
_Monumental_: pueblos of New Mexico; stone and brick
structures of Mexico, Central America and Peru; ruins of
Tiahuanaco; artificial shell heaps; the _sambaquis_ of
Brazil. III. _Industrial_: palæolithic implements; early
polished stone implements; dissemination of cultivated food
plants. IV. _Linguistic_: multitude and extension of
linguistic stocks; tenacity of linguistic form;
similarities of internal form; study of internal form. V.
_Physical_: racial classifications; traits of the American
type; permanence of the type. VI. _Geologic_: date of the
glacial epochs in North and South America; the earliest
Americans immigrants; lines of migrations. Importance of
archæological studies.

ON PALÆOLITHS, AMERICAN AND OTHER 48–55

The cutting instrument as the standard of culture; the
three “Ages” of Stone, Bronze and Iron; subdivisions of the
Age of Stone into Palæolithic and Neolithic; a true
“Palæolith”; subdivision of the Palæolithic period into the
epochs of “simple” and “compound” implements; palæolithic
finds along the Delaware river; the glacial period in
America; earliest appearance of man in America.

ON THE ALLEGED MONGOLIAN AFFINITIES OF THE AMERICAN RACE 56–66

A practical question; Cuvier’s triple division of the human
species; alleged Mongolian affinities in language; supposed
affinities in culture; imagined physical resemblances, as
color, cranial analogies, the oblique or “Mongoloid” eye,
etc. Insufficiency of all these.

THE PROBABLE NATIONALITY OF THE “MOUND-BUILDERS.” 67–82

Who were the “Mound-builders”? Known tribes as constructors
of mounds, the Iroquois, Algonkins, Cherokees and
Chahta-Muskoki family. Descriptions from De Soto’s
expedition; from Huguenots in Florida; from French writers
on Louisiana; great size of the southern mounds; probable
builders of Ohio mounds.

THE TOLTECS AND THEIR FABULOUS EMPIRE 83–100

Statement of the question; the current opinion; the adverse
opinion; Tula as an historic site; the Serpent-Hill; the
Aztec legends about Tula; date of the desertion of Tula;
meaning of the name Tula or Tollan; the mythical cyclus of
Tula; birth of Huitzilopochtli; myth of Quetzalcoatl at
Tula; his subjects, the Toltecs; purely fabulous narratives
concerning them.