Chapter XXIV: Appendix: Notes (1)

The elevations due to the atmospheric pressure, as indicated by the barometer, are extracted from tables calculated, after the complete formula of La Place, by M. F. Delcros, contained in a volume of meteorological tables prepared by Arnold Guyot, and published by the Smithsonian Institution.

Those due the indications of the boiling-point apparatus are taken from a table in the same volume, calculated by Regnault, from his "Tables of forces of vapor," published in the _Annales de Physique et de Chimie_, t. xiv, p. 206.

The height of the barometer at the level of the sea is assumed at 30.00, and the temperature of the air at 65° Fah.

I have added a column of heights, measured with the barometer by Don Mariano Rivero, at places where they compare with mine.

At the pass of Antarangra we took our observations on the summit of a hill about two hundred feet above the road at its highest point.

Morococha is situated near the line of perpetual snow, on the eastern slope of the western chain of the Andes.

Tingo Maria is the place of embarcation on the Huallaga. The distance from Callao to this point, by our route, is 337 miles. The distance hence to the Atlantic is 3,662. If we add to these sums the 90 miles of travel from Tarma to Fort San Ramon and back, with the 626 from the mouth of the Ucayali to Sarayacu and back, we shall have the whole distance travelled over—4,715 miles.

TABLE OF APPROXIMATE HEIGHTS AND DISTANCES FROM CALLAO TO THE ATLANTIC.

-------------------+-------+--------+---------+---------+----------+-----------
Names of places. | Dist- | Baro- | Boiling | Thermo- | Height, | Height by
| ance | meter. | Point. | meter. | in feet. | Rivero-
| | | | | | barometer.
-------------------+-------+--------+---------+---------+----------+-----------
Callao | | 30.000 | 212 | 65 | |
| | | | | |
Lima | 6 | 29.528 | | 75 | 476 | .505
| | | | | |
Pacayar | 12 | 28.580 | | 61 | 10,346 |
| | | | | |
Yanacoto | 10 | 27.568 | | 57 | 2,337 |
| | | | | |
Coca Chacra | 16 | 25.574 | | 58 | 4,452 |
| | | | | |
Moyoc | 15 | 23.027 | | 50 | 7,306 |
| | | | | |
Do. | 15 | 23.027 | 198.25 | 50 | 7,380 |
| | | | | |
San Mateo | 13 | 20.843 | | 59 | 10,200 | 10.232
| | | | | |
Do. | | 20.843 | 193.25 | 59 | 10,128 |
| | | | | |
Acchahuarcu | 9 | | 188.3 | 33 | 12,898 |
| | | | | |
Lower edge of snow | 3 | 17.836 | | 49 | 14,300 |
on western slope | | | | | |
| | | | | |
Pass of Antarangra | 3 | 16.730 | | 43 | 16,044 | 15.758
| | | | | |
Do. | | 16.730 | 182.5 | 43 | 16,199 |
| | | | | |
Morococha | 4 | 17.700 | | 46 | 14,409 |
| | | | | |
Pachachaca | 9 | | 188.5 | 40 | 12,786 |
| | | | | |
Oroya | 12 | 19.542 | | 36 | 11,654 | 12.270
| | | | | |
Do. | | 19.542 | 190.2 | 36 | 11,825 |
| | | | | |
Tarma | 18 | 21.144 | | 55 | 9,738 | 10.092
| | | | | |
Do. | | 21.144 | 193.9 | 55 | 9,770 |
| | | | | |
Palca | 11 | 21.972 | | 43 | 8,512 |
| | | | | |
Matichacra | 12 | 23.292 | | 61 | 7,091 |
| | | | | |
Huacapishtana | 4 | 24.482 | | 60 | 5,687 |
| | | | | |
Challuapuquio | 12 | 26.804 | | 68 | 3,192 |
| | | | | |
Fort San Ramon | 6 | 27.406 | | 76 | 2,605 |
| | | | | |
Do. | | 27.406 | 206.5 | | 2,953 |
| | | | | |
From Tarma to | 15 | | 192.5 | 37 | 10,539 |
Palcamayo | | | | | |
| | | | | |
Junin | 18 | | 188.2 | 32 | 12,947 | 13.330
| | | | | |
Ninacacca | 18 | | 187.8 | 40 | 13,171 |
| | | | | |
Cerro Pasco | 17 | | 188.7 | 45 | 13,802 | 14.279
| | | | | |
Chiquirin | 12 | | 190.7 | 54 | 11,512 |
| | | | | |
San Rafael | 18 | | 196.1 | 62 | 8,551 | 8.791
| | | | | |
Huanuco | 35 | | 200.9 | 65 | 5,946 | 6.284
| | | | | |
Chullqui | 8 | | 201.5 | 67 | 5,626 |
| | | | | |
Acomayo | 6 | | 198 | 74 | 7,518 |
| | | | | |
Cashi | 12 | | 199.8 | 58 | 6,540 |
| | | | | |
Atajo | 10 | | 204.7 | 71 | 3,910 |
| | | | | |
Chihuangala | 8 | | 205.6 | 74 | 3,421 |
| | | | | |
La Cueva | 20 | | 206.5 | 76 | 2,944 |
| | | | | |
Tingo Maria | 10 | | 207.8 | 75 | 2,260 |
| | | | | |
Tocache | 174 | | 209.1 | 77 | 1,579 |
| | | | | |
Sion | 58 | | 209.7 | 80 | 1,269 |
| | | | | |
Lupuna | 58 | | 210 | 84 | 1,109 |
| | | | | |
Chasuta | 87 | | 210.5 | 82 | 846 |
| | | | | |
Sta. Cruz | 220 | | 211.2 | 85 | 490 |
| | | | | |
Nauta | 353 | | 211.3 | 74 | 434 |
| | | | | |
Pebas | 197 | | 211.1 | | 537 |
| | | | | |
Egas | 707 | | 208.2 | 88 | 2,052 |
| | | | | |
River Bank | 131 | | 208.4 | 84 | 1,947 |
| | | | | |
Do. | 60 | | 208.5 | 82 | 1,890 |
| | | | | |
Do. | 168 | | 208.6 | 76 | 1,834 |
| | | | | |
Do. | 50 | | 208.8 | 78 | 1,740 |
| | | | | |
Barra | 14 | | 209.3 | 81 | 1,475 |
| | | | | |
Mouth of Madeira | 104 | | 209.8 | 80 | 1,212 |
| | | | | |
Villa Nova | 209 | | 210.3 | 76 | 959 |
| | | | | |
Santarem | 220 | | 210.5 | 78 | 846 |
| | | | | |
Para | 759 | | 211.5 | 80 | 331 |
| | | | | |
Do. | | 29.708 | | 81 | 320 |
| | | | | |
Sea | 93 | | | | |
| | | | | |
From mouth of | 313 | | 210.3 | 82 | 868 |
Ucayali to Sarayacu| | | | | |
| | | | | |
-------------------+-------+--------+---------+---------+----------+------------

METEOROLOGICAL JOURNAL.

-----------+---------+-------+--------+----+---+-----+---------------------------------
Place. | Approx. | Date. | Time. | Thermometer. |
| height. | | +----+---+-----+ Remarks.
| | | | A. | W.|W. B.|
-----------+---------+-------+--------+----+---+-----+---------------------------------
| Feet. | 1851. | | ° | ° | ° |
Palcamayo | 10,500 | July 1| 6 p.m.|56 | | |Calm; sky white and beautifully
| | | | | | | clear.
| | | | | | |
Do. | 10,500 | 2| 6 a.m.|37 | | 34 |Remarkably clear.
| | | | | | |
Road | 11,000 | 2| 8½ a.m.|45 |53*| |*Temperature of a spring issuing
| | | | | | | from the rock.
Junin | 13,000 | 2| 6½ p.m.|45 | | |Light westerly breeze; light
| | | | | | | cirrus clouds.
| | | | | | |
Do. | 13,000 | 3| 7 a.m.|32 | | 28 |Clear and calm; stratus clouds
| | | | | | | covering the Andes.
| | | | | |
Road | 13,000 | 3| 12½ |46 | | |Snow squall, small round flakes;
| | | | | | | wind variable from northward
| | | | | | and westward to northward and
| | | | | | | eastward; western Cordillera in
| | | | | | the sunshine, the eastern
| | | | | | | covered with storm.
| | | | | | |
Ninaccaca | 13,200 | 3| 6 p.m.|40 | | 36 |Beautiful night; light air from
| | | | | | | the westward.
| | | | | | |
Do. | 13,200 | 4| 6 a.m.|39 | | |Calm; ground covered with hoar
| | | | | | | frost.
| | | | | | |
Cerro | | | | | | |
de Pasco | 13,800 | 9| Noon |45 | | |Hail and snow; wind from
| | | | | | | northward and eastward.
| | | | | | |
Do. | 13,800 | 10| 10 a.m.|46 | | 40 |
| | | | | | |
Do. | 13,800 | 10| 5 p.m.|42 | | 38 |Clear and calm.
| | | | | | |
Do. | 13,800 | 10| 10 p.m.|37 | | 34 |
| | | | | | |
Do. | 13,800 | 11| 8 a.m.|40 | | 36 |Light airs from northward and
| | | | | | | westward; cloudy.
| | | | | | |
Do. | 13,800 | 11| 10 p.m.|39 | | 36 |Cloudy.
| | | | | | |
Do. | 13,800 | 12| 8 a.m.|39 | | 36 |Light cirrus clouds.
| | | | | | |
Do. | 13,800 | 12| Noon |44 | | 37 |
| | | | | | |
Do. | 13,800 | 12| 6 p.m.|40 | | 35 |Wind northward and eastward;
| | | | | | | heavy stratus clouds; light
| | | | | | | snow.
| | | | | | |
Do. | 13,800 | 12| 10 p.m.|37 | | 34 |
| | | | | | |
Chiquirin | 11,500 | 13| 8 a.m.|39 | | 36 |Calm; light cirrus clouds.
| | | | | | |
San Rafael | 8,400 | 14| 6 p.m.|62 | | |
| | | | | | |
Do. | 8,400 | 15| 7 a.m.|56 | | |
| | | | | | |
Huanuco | 6,000 | 17| 4 p.m.|71 | | |Clear; strong breeze from north,
| | | | | | | which always sets in, at this
| | | | | | | season, about noon, and ceases
| | | | | | | about dark.
| | | | | | |
| | | | | | |
Do. | 6,000 | 18| 9 a.m.|65 | | 57½ |
| | | | | | |
Do. | 6,000 | 18| 9 p.m.|69 | | |
| | | | | | |
Do. | 6,000 | 19| 9 a.m.|64 | | 56 |Clear; calm.
| | | | | | |
Do. | 6,000 | 19| 9 p.m.|68½ | | |
| | | | | | |
Do. | 6,000 | 20| 9 a.m.|63 | | 55 |
| | | | | | |
Do. | 6,000 | 21| 9 a.m.|65 | | 58½ |Cloudy, with appearance of rain;
| | | | | | | light breeze from the northward.
| | | | | | |
| | | | | | |
Chullqui | 5,600 | 22| 7 p.m.|67 | | |Light breeze from northward and
| | | | | | | eastward; half cloudy.
| | | | | | |
Road | 5,500 |July 23| 10 a.m.|72 |62*| |*Mountain stream; cirrus clouds.
| | | | | | |
Acomayo | 7,500 | 23| 11 a.m.|74 | | |
| | | | | | |
Near top of| 8,000 | 23| 2½ p.m.|67 |51*| |*A spring in the woods.
Cerro de | | | | | | |
Carpis | | | | | | |
| | | | | | |
Casha | 6,500 | 23| 7 p.m.|58 | | |Calm; cloudy to the south; night
| | | | | | | quite cool.
| | | | | | |
Do. | 6,500 | 24| 6 a.m.|52 | | |Clear and calm.
| | | | | | |
Atajo | 4,000 | 24| 5 p.m.|71 | | 67 |Cirro-cumulus clouds; calm.
| | | | | | |
Do. | | 25| 7 a.m.|61 | | |
| | | | | | |
Chihuangala| 3,500 | 25| 5 p.m.|74.5| | |
| | | | | | |
Do. | 3,500 | 26| | | | |Heavy rain.
| | | | | | |
Do. | 3,500 | 27| 2 p.m.|78 | | 72 |Cumulus clouds; calm.
| | | | | | |
Do. | 3,500 | 28| 8 a.m.|64 | | |Calm; cirro-cumulus, rained all
| | | | | | | the latter part of the night.
| | | | | | |
Do. | 3,500 | 29| 8 a.m.|67 | | 67 |Calm; cloudy.
| | | | | | |
Do. | 3,500 | 29| 1 p.m.|78 | | |Breeze northerly; heavy clouds
| | | | | | | and thunder to the northward.
| | | | | | |
Do. | 3,500 | 29| 8 p.m.|69 | | |Calm; cloudy.
| | | | | | |
Do. | 3,500 | 30| 9 a.m.|69 | | |Calm; clear.
| | | | | | |
Do. | 3,500 | 30| 3 p.m.| | | |Heavy shower of rain, with
| | | | | | | thunder; most of the rain
| | | | | | | clouds came from the north.
| | | | | | |
Chinchay- | | 31| 8 a.m.|70 | | |Half cloudy.
vitoc | | | | | | |
Do. | | 31| 11 a.m.|71 |67*| |*Mountain stream.
| | | | | | |
La Cueva | 3,000 | 31| 5 p.m.|76 |68*| |*Huallaga river.
| | | | | | |
On the road| |Aug. 1| 7 a.m.|74 | | |Cloudy; close and hot in the
| | | | | | | woods.
| | | | | | |
Tingo Maria| 2,200 | 2| 9 a.m.|75 | | |River at Tingo Maria 100 yards
| | | | | | | broad, 2¾ fathoms deep;
| | | | | | | smooth and unbroken.

Do. | 2,200 | 2| 7 p.m.|72 | | 71 |Cloudy; light breeze from the
| | | | | | | northward.
| | | | | | |
Do. | 2,200 | 3| 8 a.m.|72 | | |Calm; cloudy; had been showery
| | | | | | | during the night.
| | | | | | |
Do. | 2,200 | 3| 4 p.m.|82 | | 76 |
-----------+---------+-------+--------+----+---+-----+---------------------------------

METEOROLOGICAL JOURNAL.—Continued.