Chapter XIII: Part 13

Closeth, 62/5, _v. pr. t._ incloses, fences in.

Closier, page 2, _s._ enclosures. Fr. _closure_.

Clot, 33/24, _s._ clods. A.S. _clûd_. "Clodde or clotte lande, _occo_."--Huloet.

*Cloughted, 89, _pp._ See Clouted.

Clout, 67/16, _s._ piece of cloth. A.S. _clût_, a little cloth. Mid. Eng. _clout, clutian, clutien_, to patch.

Clouts, Cloutes, 17/10, _s._ an instrument similar to the _plowstaff_, shod with iron and used for breaking large clods, etc.

Clouted, 17/6, _pp._ "having the Axle-tree armed with Iron plates."--T.R. O. Fr. _clouet_, dimin. of _clou_, a nail, from Lat. _clavus_. See Nares, s.v. Clout.

Coast, 63/7, _s._ country, district. O. Fr. _coste_, from Lat. _costa_, a rib, side.

Coast man, 36/22, _s._ masters of coasting vessels.

Cobble, 74/5, _v. imp._ patch, mend.

Cock, 53/4, _v. imp._ put into cocks, or small stacks.

Cocking, 95/5, _adj._ over-indulgent.

Cockle, 46/13, _s._ the weed corn-rose, _Agrostemma githago_, Linn. Cockle or Cokyl is used by Wycliffe and other old writers in the sense of a weed generally.

Cockneies, 92/4, _s. pl._ spoilt or effeminate boys. See note E460, and Halliwell, s.v. Cockney.

Cocks, 57/16, _s. pl._ small conical heaps of hay or corn.

Codware, 19/26, _s._ all plants that bear pods (or cods); peas, beans, etc. "Pescodde, _escosse de poix_."--Palsgrave. A S. _codd_. Welsh, _cod, cwd_, a small bag.

Coeme, Coome, 17/7, _s._ a measure of half a quartern. A.S. _cumb_.--Somner. "There is no such word in A.S. as _cumb_; it is one invented by Somner, so that the (so-called) A.S. _cumb_ is really derived from Eng. _coomb_"--Note by Rev. W. W. Skeat.

Cofer up, 10/61, _v._ to hoard up, lock up.

Cofers, 16/4, _s. pl._ money-boxes.

Cog, 63/14, _v._ cheat, defraud. "Cog a dye, to load a die."--Cotgrave. "A cogger, _un pipeur_. To cogge, _piper_"--The French Schoolemaster, 1636.

Coile, 4/1, _s._ bustle, hard work; cf. Fr. _cuellée_, a mob, tumult.

Cold, 91/2, _adj._ cooling.

Cole, 57/31, _s._ turf, peat.

Colewort, 39/10, _s._ or collet, cabbage. _Brassica oleracea_, Linn.

Collembines, 43/4, _s. pl._ columbine. Lat. _columbina_, _adj._ from _columba_, a pigeon, from the resemblance of its nectaries to the heads of pigeons in a ring round a dish, a favourite device of ancient artists.--Dr. R. A. Prior.

Comfort, 19/19, _s._ strength, fertility.

Commodities, 37/17, _s. pl._ advantages.

Compact, 112/1, _pp._ composed. Lat. _compactus_, from _compango_. "Love is a spirit all _compact_ of fire."--Venus and Adonis, 149.

Compas, 47/3, _s._ manure, compost. O. Fr. _compost_, from Lat. _compositum_.

Compassing, 56/1, _s._ manuring.

*Compast, 11, _pp._ manured.

*Compound, 11, _v. imp._ agree, arrange.

Confer, page 2, _v._ compare. Lat. _conferre_.

Confound, 67/27, _v._ destroy, spoil.

Conie, 15/20, _s._ a term of endearment.

Conies, 63/10, _s. pl._ rabbits. Welsh _cwning_. Irish _coinni_. Lat. _cuniculus_, cognate with Lat. _cuneus_ (what cleaves, a wedge), and comes from the Sanskrit root _khan_ = to dig.--Palmer.

Conserue, 91/3, preserve.

Constancie, 9/23, _s._ consistency, firmness.

Conster, 114/34, _v._ understand.

Contemne, 106/7, _v. pr. t._ despise. Lat. _contemnere_.

Continue, 19/35, _v._ to breed from, to keep up stock from.

Contrarie, 67/25, _v. imp._ oppose, contradict.

Cooples, 10/6, _s._ couples, husband and wife.

Coosen, 63/14, _v._ cheat, swindle. Shakespere's _cozen_.

Copie, 47/8, _s._ coppice.

Coresie, 19/24, _s._ annoyance, trouble.

Cornet plums, 34/7, _s._ cornel plums, cornel cherries.

Corneth, 75/8, _v. pr. t._ preserve and season, cure.

Corps, 53/1, _s._ body.

Cost, 32/5, _s._ coast, country. See Coast.

Costmarie, 42/4, _s._ costmary, called also ale-cost, _Balsamita vulgaris_.

Cote, 58/11, _v._ cogitate, reflect.

Coted, 2/8, _v. pt. t._ took note of, wrote down. "Howe scripture shulde be _coted_ (quoted)."--Skelton, Colin Clout, l. 758.

Count, 10/21, _v._ reckon, "be to counte" = be of account, be worth.

Counterfait, 64/29, _adj._ counterfeit, sham, false.

Coursest, 55/4, _adj._ coarsest.

Court, 86/10, _s._ account, examination.

Cousleps, 42/5, _s. pl._ cowslips.

Couert, 63/5, covert, underwood.

Couertlie, 9/5, _adv._ closely.

Cowlaske, page 4, _s._ diarrhœa in cattle. See Fletcher's Differences, 1623, p. 33. Laske, _v._ = to _relax_, slacken. See Glossary to "William of Palerne," E. E. Text Soc. edit. Skeat.

Coxcombe, 64/18; Coxcome, 10/48, _s._ The cap of the licensed fool had often on the top a cock's head and comb and some of the feathers. Therefore he "strives for a coxcome" = he will only succeed in proving his own folly.

Crabs, 15/17, _s. pl._ crab apples.

Cracketh, 10/37, _v. pr. t._ half breaks, injures.

Cradle, 17/14, _s._ "A three-forked instrument of wood, on which the corn is caught as it falls from the sithe."--T.R.

Crake, 18/21, _v._ brag, boast. Dutch _kraaken_.

Crakers, 54/4, _s. pl._ boasters.

Cram, 114/15, _v._ feed up, satisfy.

Creake, 47/2, "to cry creak" = "to be afraid," "to desist from any object, to repent."--Halliwell.

Credit crackt, 4/1, credit or trust broken.

Creekes, 49/4, _s. pl._ corners, seek creekes = hide herself.

Creekes, 38/26, _s. pl._ servants.

Creepinglie, 9/32, _adv._ stealthily, by degrees.

Cresies, 40/5, _s._ cress. Fr. _cresson_. M. Lat. _crissomum_ from Lat. _crescere_, to grow, "a celeritate crescendi."

Crome, 17/19, _s._ "Like a dung-rake with a very long handle."--T.R.

Crone, 56/46, _v. imp._ pick out the crones, i.e. the old ewes. The meaning is, weed out your flocks.

Crones, 12/4, _s. pl._ "Ewes, whose teeth are so worn down that they can no longer keep their sheep-walk."--T.R.

Crooked, 57/46, _adj._ deformed.

Croppers, 18/19, _s._ the best or most productive crops.

Croppers, 19/20, _s. pl._ persons who extract crop after crop from the land.

Crosse, 46/9, _s._ a cross-piece.

Crosse, 9/29, _v._ happen, result unfavourably.

Crosses, 9/29, _s._ troubles, misfortunes.

Crosserowe, page 3, _s._ called also Christcrossrow; the alphabet. "A is the name of the first letter in the _Crosrowe_."--Baret's Alvearie.

Crotch, 51/10, _s._ "a curved weeding tool."--T.R.

Crotches, 60/11, _s. pl._ crutches. A.S. _cryce_. L. Lat. _croccia, crucca_. H. Ger. _krücke_.

Crotchis, 57/51, _s. pl._ crooks, hooks. O. Fr. _croche_.

Crowchmas, 50/36, _s._ St. Helen's Day, 3rd May, being the feast of the Invention of the Holy Cross.

Crowe, 46/9, _s._ crowbar.

Cubboord, 89/5, _s._ cupboard.

Culters, 17/10, _s. pl._ coulters.

Cumbersome, 10/13, _adj._ troublesome, vexatious, oppressive.

Cummin, 45/6, _s._ cumin, a plant resembling fennel, cultivated for its seeds, which have a bitterish warm taste, and are used like those of anise and carraway. Arabic _kammûn_. Hebrew _kammôn_.

Cunnie, 36/25, _s._ rabbit.

Currant, 10/44, _adj._ current coin, good coin.

Currey, 64*/2, _v._ gain by flattery. On the origin of this phrase see "Leaves from a Word-Hunter's Note Book," by Rev. A. S. Palmer, p. 63.

Custome, 77/1, _s._ custom, habit; of custome = as a matter of course.

Curtesie, 9/8, _s._ courtesy, respect.

D.

*Dablith, 27, _v. pr. t._ make wet and dirty.

Dads, 95/5, _s. pl._ fathers.

Daffadondillies, 43/7, _s. pl._ daffodils. _Narcissus pseudonarcissus_, Linn.

Daieth, 62/8, _v. pr. t._ names some future day for payment, i.e. buys on credit.

"The moste part of my debtters have honestly payed, And they that were not redy I have gently _dayed_." --Wager's Cruell Debter, 1566.

*Dainty, 94, _adj._ difficult, lit. choice, excellent.

Dallops, 54/5, _s. pl._ "A patch or bit of ground lying here and there among the corn."--T.R. 57/17, "Tufts of corn such as are commonly seen where dung-heaps have stood too long, or in shady places."--T.R.

Damsens, 34/8, _s. pl._ damsons, contracted from _damascene_ = the _Damascus_ plum.

Dank, 22/11, _adj._ damp, wet.

Dare, 2/7, _v._ pain, grieve. A.S. _daru_, hurt.

Darnell, 65/1, _s._ darnel, the plant _Lolium perenne_. "Darnell or Iuraye in Englishe also called Raye."--Dodoens, Newe Herball, 1578.

Darth, 63/24, _s._ dearth, dearness of food, etc.

*Daunger, 90/8, risk.

Daw, 99/2, _s._ simpleton, sluggard.

Day, 57/8, _s._ day-work, time-work.

Dead, 78/4, _adj._ flat (beer). Cf. "Pallyd, as drynke, _emortuus_."--Prompt. Parv.

Deaw, 56/48, _s._ dew, damp.

Deckt, 106/2, _pp._ adorned, beautified.

Defende, 86/7, _v._ avoid, prevent.

Deintily, 19/37, _adv._ dearly.

Delaide, 66/7, _pp._ tempered, moderated.

Delue, 21/19, _v. imp._ dig. A.S. _delf, delfan_ = to dig, from Goth. _dailjan_ = to deal, divide. Cf. Ger. _thal_, Eng. _dale_.

Deluing, 36/17, _pr. p._ burrowing.

Depart, 10/56, _v. imp._ give away, part with.

Descant, 68/5, _v._ comment. O. Fr. _deschanter_, from L. Lat. _discantare_.

Despaire, 57/10; Dispaire, 63/9, _s._ injury, damage.

Despight, 106/12, _s._ despite.

Det, 114/38, _s._ debt.

Detanie, 45/8, _s._ Dittany or Pepperwurt, apparently a corruption of Lat. _dictamnus_, of which Dodoens says:--"It is fondly and unlearnedly called in English Dittany. It were better in following the Douchemen to call it Pepperwurt."--Book v. c. 66. Welsh _Ddittain_.

Dew-retting, 16/25, _s._ steeping flax by leaving it out all night on the grass. See Water-retting.

Diall, 68/7, _s._ sundial.

Dible, 46/24, _s._ a planting or setting stick, a dimin. of _dib = dip_ and allied to _tip_ = a sharp point. "_Debbyll_, or settyng stycke."--Huloet.

Dicing, 10/40, _s._ gambling.

Didall, 17/19, _s._ "A triangular spade, as sharp as a knife, excellent to bank ditches, where the earth is light and pestered with a sedgy weed."--T.R.

Dide, 114/11, _v. pt. t._ died.

Digest, 11/4, _v._ quiet, sooth.

Dight, 23/19, _pp._ prepared, treated. A.S. _dihtan_.

Dike, 3/7, _s._ ditch, dike, fence. A.S. _díc_.

Dill, 44/3, _s._ dill. A.S. _dil. Antheum graveolens_.

Dippings, 86/3, _s. pl._ dripping, grease, etc., collected by the cook.

Discharge, 53/3, _v._ relieve you of the trouble.

Discurtesy, 9/19, _s._ incivility, rudeness.

Dispaire, 57/53, _v._ injure, depreciate.

Dissurie, 114/26, _s._ the strangury.

Distaffe, 67/15, _s._ distaff.

Docking the dell, 10/40, dissipation. See Grose's Dict. s.v. _Dock_.

Docks, 17/11, _s. pl._ weeds.

*Dockes, 27, _s. pl._ ?

Dole, 33/16, _s._ share.

Doles, 48/6, _s. pl._ boundary marks, either a post or a mound of earth; also, a balk or slip of unploughed ground.

Dolt, 33/37, _s._ stupid, fool.

Don, 106/21, _pp._ done.

Doo of, 33/39, _v. imp._ get rid of.

Doong, 19/29, _s._ dung, manure.

Doong Crone, 17/7, _s._ a crook or staff with hooked end for drawing dung.

Doonged, 53/21, _pp._ dunged, manured.

Doted, 2/8, _v. pt. t._ became foolish, was silly. Fr. _dotter, radoter_, to dote, rave.--Cotgrave. Cf. Piers Plowman, "Thou _doted_ daffe."

Doughtful, 115/3, _adj._ doubtful.

Douse, 10/7, _s._ strumpet, prostitute; the same word as _Doxy_. Halliwell, _s.v._ Douce, quotes this passage, and renders _douse_ by "a pat in the face," but s.v. Dowse he gives the correct meaning.

Dout, 87/7, _s._ danger, risk, difficulty.

Doues, 56/24, _s. pl._ doves, pigeons.

Dowebake, 79/2, _s._ dough, underbaked bread.

Drab, 77/5, _s._ sloven, loose woman.

Dragons, 45/7, _s._ the herb Serpentine, Serpentarie, or Dragonwort.

Dredge, 16/13, _s._ a mixture of oats and barley. "Dragge, menglyd corne (drage or mestlyon), _mixtio_."--Prompt. Parv. See Note E91.

Drest, 49/8, _pp._ treated.

Dreue, 35/42, Driue, 33/42, _v._ follow you up, press you.

Dreuils, 114/12, Driuell, 79/1, _s._ wasters, spendthrifts.

Drift, 10/13, _s._ end, aim, design, 114/39, course, such drift to make = to drift along in such a manner.

Drines, 53/20, _s._ dryness.

Drinke corn, 18/24, _s._ barley.

Driping, 35/14, _v._ dripping on, keeping wet.

Driue, 16/20, _v._ drive out of their hives for the purpose of taking the honey.

Droie, 81/3, _s._ a drudge, servant. See note in Prompt. Parv. s.v. _Deye_.

Drousie, 89/4, _adj._ the drowsy, the sleepy.

Drout, 14/3, _s._ drought, dry weather.

Drowseth, 62/13, _v. pr. t._ droops, gives way.

Drudge, 7/1, _s._ slave, mean servant.

Duck, 55/6, _s._ docks, dockweed.

Dun, 82/2, _pp._ finished, done for.

Dy, 35/24, _s._ a die, as close as a dy = as close as possible.

E.

Earthes, 35/50, _s. pl._ a ploughing. A.S. _earian_. Lat. _arare_, to plough. In the Catholicon Anglicum we find "A dayserth or daysardawe, _juger, jugerum_." See also Ray and Halliwell, s.v. _Arders_.

Easeth, 94/9, _v. pr. t._ indulges, pleases.

Eaw, 67/24, _s._ ewe.

Eb, 14/5, _s._ ebb. A.S. _ebba_.

Ech, 57/23, _adj._ each.

Edder, 33/13, _s._ "Such fence wood as is commonly put upon the top of Fences and binds or interweaves each other."--T.R.

Edish, 18/4, _s._ stubble after the corn is cut. Roughings. _Edisc_ is an old Saxon word signifying sometimes _roughings, aftermathes_. See Glossaries, B 15, B 16, E. D. Soc.

Edmond, St., 20/12, St. Edmund's Day, 20th November.

Eie, 57/9, _s._ eye, attention.

Eiebright, 44/5, _s._ common eyebright, _Euphrasia officinalis_, formerly much used as a remedy for diseases of the eye.

Eies, 114/4, _s. pl._ eyes.

Eke, 66/6, _adv._ also, too, A.S. _eac, ec_.

Elfe, 114/14, _s._ creature; 86/11, a servant.

Elues, 22/3, _s. pl._ young cattle.

Embraid, 113/7, _v. imp._ upbraid, abuse.

Embrings, 12/6, _s. pl._ the Ember-days, being the Wednesday, Friday, and Saturday after the first Sunday in Lent, the feast of Whitsuntide, the 14th September, and the 13th December.

Endiue, 91/2, _s._ endive.

Enuite, 16/32, _v._ invite, call.

Er, 56/21, _adv._ ere, before. Er an = ere than = before that.

Erecting, 1/1, _pr. p._ sustaining, strengthening.

Erie, 57/11; Ery, 18/17, _adj._ every.

Estate, 10/3, _s._ condition, position.

Etch, 36/3, _s._ stubble, edish, q.v.

Exceptions, 19/25, _s. pl._ differences, distinctions.

Exeltred, 17/6, _adj._ furnished with an axle-tree.

Expulsed, 1/4, _v. pt. t._ expelled, drove away.

Extolst, 112/6, _v. pr. t._ praise, extol.

Ey, 99/2, _s._ attention, forgetting his eye = neglecting his duty by staring or gaping about. See Eie.

F.

Fall, 35/32, _v. pr. t._ are born.

Falleth, 20/1, _v. pr. t._ falls off, loses flesh.

Falt, 35/43, _s._ fault.

Fansies, 2/13, _s._ fancies, whims.

Fare, 2/5, _s._ treatment.

Fare, 33/33, _v._ farrow, litter.

Fare, 10/32, _v._ prosper, fare. A.S. _faran_.

Farnesse, 14/4, _s._ distance, length.

Fasting daie, 10/51, _s._ a day on which it was forbidden to eat food of any description.

Fat, 18/34, _adj._ fattened beasts.

Fat, 57/54, _s._ vat, vessel.

Fats up, 15/28, _v. pr. t._ fattens up.

Fautie, 99/2, _adj._ faulty.

Fauoreth, 52/24, _v. pr. t._ help, improve.

Fay, 77/4, _s._ faith, word. O. Fr. _fei_.

Feaw, 56/48, _adj._ few, a few.

Feawe, 50/1, _adj._ little time, while. A.S. _feawe_, few.

Fees, 33/12, _s. pl._ pay, reward.

Feft, 114/33, _pp._ enfeoffed, endowed.

Fellowes, 57/9, _s. pl._ companions, mates. O. Icel. _félagi_, a companion.

Fellowlie, 10/55, _adj._ friendly, neighbourly. Cf.

"Mine eyes ... Fall _fellowly_ drops." --Tempest, Act v. sc. i. 64.

See also Abbot's Shaksperean Grammar, § 447.

Fence, 63/2, _s._ defence, protection.

Fenell, 39/13, _s._ fennel. _Fœniculum vulgare_.

Fennie, 35/44, _adj._ mouldy, vinewed. "_Moisi_; mouldy, hoary, vinowed."--Cotgrave.

Ferme, 10/13, _s._ farm.

Fermer, 19/18, _s._ farmer.

Fetches, 64/2, _s. pl._ tricks, stratagems. Harrison, Descript. of Eng., has: "it be a vertue to deal without anie suspicious _fetches_," p. 115, ed. 1587.

Fetherfew, 43/9, _s._ feverfew. So named from its supposed febrifugal qualities. A.S. _feferfuge_.

Fetters, 17/21, _s. pl._ chains for the feet.

Fewell, 50/30, _s._ fuel. O. Fr. _fouaille_, from L. Lat. _focale_, from Lat. _focus_, a hearth.

Fide, 21/21, _pp._ purified, cleansed.

Fie, 20/21, _v._ cleanse. Icel. _fægja_. Cf. Ger. _fegen_.

Fieing, 53/18, _v._ cleaning out. Feying, "Cleaning a Ditch or Pond, so as the water may come clear."--T.R. See _Fie_.

Fiemble, 55/8, _adj._ a corruption of _female_, the female hemp.

*Fierbote, 65, _s._ the right to take wood for burning. See Peacock's Gloss. of Manley and Corringham, E.D.S.

Filbeards, 34/9, _s. pl._ filberts. Various derivations have been given for this word: one, the most probable, from _full_ and _beard_, referring to the long _beard_ or husk with which it is provided: cf. Ger. _bart-nusz_ = _bearded nut_.

Filbellie, 10/40, _s._ extravagance in food.

Filchers, 10/54, _s. pl._ pilferers. Scot. pilk = to pick. "She has pilkit his pouch."--Jamieson.

Filcheth, 63/13, _v. pr. t._ steals, pilfers.

*Fildes, 38, _s. pl._ fields.

Fisgig, 77/8, _s._ a worthless fellow: a light-heeled wench.--Craven. "A fisgig, or fisking housewife, _trotière_."--Howell, 1660. Still in use in Lincolnshire.

Fishdaie, 10/51, _s._ a day in which fish is allowed to be eaten, but no flesh.

Fitchis, 53/11, _s. pl._ tares, vetches.

Fitly, 92/3, _adj._ suitable, fit.

Flacks, 50/16, _s._ flax. A.S. _fleax_. O. H. Ger. _flaks_.

Flaies, 18/3 _s. pl._ flails.

Flap, 85/7, _s._ a stroke with the flail.

Flawnes, 90/5, _s. pl._ "A custard, generally made in raised paste. Fr. _flan_, a custard or egg-pie." "A _flawne_ or custard."--Baret's Alvearie, 1580.

Fleering, 64/17, _v. pr. p._ laughing, grinning. "To _fleer_ and scorn at our solemnity."--Shakspere, Rom. and Jul. i. 5. "I _fleere_, I make an yvell countenaunce with the mouthe by vncoveryng of the tethe."--Palsgrave.

Fleming, 37/22, Flemming, 18/37, _s._ Dutchmen, Dutch coasting traders.

Flixe, 18/41, _s._ a flux.

Floted, 49/1, _v. pt. t._ skimmed off the cream. "Flet, as mylke or other lyke, _despumatus_."--Prompt. Parv. "_Escréme_, fleeted as milk."--Cotgrave.

*Flotte, 72/_e_, _pp._ skimmed.

Flower, 52/14, _s._ ? floor.

Flower armor, 43/10, _s._ The "floure gentill or purple velvet floure."--Lyte's Dodoens, p. 168. Fr. _Floramor_, in Cotgrave _la noble fleur_, from its resemblance to the plumes worn by people of rank. _Amaranthus tricolor_.

Flower gentle, 43/12, _s._ a species of Amaranth. _Amaranthus spinosa_.

Flower de luce, 43/11, _s._ Iris, or flower-de-luce. Fr. _fleur-de-lis_. A plant of the genus _Iris_, in particular _Iris pseudacorus_, the yellow Iris or water flag.

Foison, 35/4; Foizon, 114/37, _s._ plenty. "Foyzon is winter food."--T.R. Fr. _foison_, from Lat. _fusionem_, from _fundere_. Cotgrave gives "_Foison_: f. store, plentie, abundance, great fullnesse, enough." The word still exists in the Scotch _foison_ or _fusion_, and the adj. _fusionless_ or _fissenless_. Forby explains it as "Succulency, natural nutritive moisture," as _e.g._ "there is no _foison_ in this hay."

Foistines, 57/5; Foistnes, 21/5; Foystines, 20/5, _s._ mustiness, mould. O. Fr. _fust_, a cask, _fusté_, tasting or smelling of the cask, musty.

Foisty, 19/39, _adj._ musty.

Fondlie, 10/26; Fondly, 67/9, _adv._ foolishly. _Fon_ = to play the fool. Jamieson, Scott. Dict.

For, 9/9, _prep._ in spite of, regardless of.

For, 9/18. Here and in numerous instances in Tusser _for_ means "for fear of," "to prevent."

Forbearer, 13/3, _s._ one who refuses.

Forborne, 13/2, _pp._ withheld, refused.

*Forehorse, 94, _s._ one who is always in advance with his work, never behindhand; the opposite to a procrastinator.

Forke, 22/9, _s._ pitchfork, hayfork.

*Fornight, 51, _s._ a fortnight.

Forrough, 16/15, _s._ furrow. A.S. _furh_.

Foyson, 10/6, _s._ plenty. See Foison.

Fough, 102/5, _interject_, faugh! phew! an exclamation.

Fraid, 2/8, _v. pt. t._ frightened, made afraid.

Fraie, 53/22, _s._ quarrel, fray.

Fraight, 114/24, _s._ freight, cargo.

Frailnes, 10/62, _s._ frailty, uncertainty.

Frame, 57/1, _v._ make.

Framed, 2/15, _pp._ arranged, composed.

Fransie, 88/4, _s._ madness.

Fraud, 62/15, _v._ obtain by fraud.

Fraught, 64/5, _pp._ laden, freighted.

Fray, 77/4, _s._ disturbance, trouble.

Freat, 23/2, _v. imp._ be vexed.

Freat, 51/11, _v._ damage, decay, eat away.

"As doth an hidden moth The inner garment _fret_." --Spenser, Faery Queene, ii. 34.

See Wedgwood's Dict. _s.v._ Fret.

Freeseth, 35/1, _v. pr. t._ freezes. A.S. _freosan_. O. Icel. _friosa_. Dan. _fryse_.

Frier, 86/14, _s._ friar.

Fritters, 90/3 _s. pl._ small pancakes with apples in them. "Frytoure, _lagana_ (a pancake)."--Prompt. Parv. "A fritter or pancake; a kind of bread for children, as _fritters_ and wafers."--Baret's Alvearie, 1580.

Froth, 35/3, _adj._ tender, perhaps originally = pulpy.

Frower, 17/8, _s._ a frow, an iron instrument for rending or splitting laths. Also called _Frommard_.

Fumetorie, 44/7; Fumentorie, 91/3, _s._ Fumitory. _Fumaria officinalis_, so called from its rank disagreeable smell: formerly used as an anti-scorbutic: it is called _erthesmok_ [earthsmoke] in MS. Sloane 5, f. 5.

Furmentie pot, 90/7, _s._ hulled wheat boiled in milk, and seasoned with cinnamon, sugar, etc. See note E458.

G

Gadding, 10/51, _v._ going about gossipping.

Gaffe, 22/18, _v._ man, gaffer. "Formerly a common mode of address, equivalent to _friend, neighbour_."--Halliwell.

Gage, 94/13, _s._ pawn, sweepeth to gage = hurries to pledge or place in pawn.

*Gage, 53, _v._ assert, maintain.

Galling, 57/31, _v._ causing sore or bare places.

Gallond, 19/42, _s._ gallon.

Gap, 114/20, _s._ an opening, cause.

Gaping, 57/45, _pr. p._ being greedy, grasping.

Garlike, 21/12, _s._ garlic.

Garmander, 42/8, _s._ germander. Fr. _gamandrée_, from Lat. _chamædrys_.

Garson, 33/41, _s._ boy, lad. Fr. _garçon_.

Gasing, 99/1, _pr. p._ gazing, staring.

Gate, 64/17, _s._ walk, gait.

Gayler, 86/11, _s._ guardian, housekeeper.

Geanie, 2/6, _adj._ profitable, useful. A.S. _gægn_, fit, suitable. Robert de Brunne in his History of England, 3376, has, "a _geiner_ way" = a more direct advantageous way. Scot. _gane_, fit, useful. Lanc. _gainest_ way = the shortest cut.

Geld, 15/17, _s._ castrate, spay.

*Gentiles, 17, _s. pl._ gentle-folk.

Gentilie, 9/14, _adv._ kindly, with proper respect.

Gentils, 49/_c_, _s. pl._ gentles, maggots.

Gentlenes, 102/7, _s._ gentlemanly manners.

Gently, 102/7, _adv._ as gentlemen, in a gentlemanly manner.

Gentrie, 114/33, _s._ true nobility.

Gesse, 114/1, _v. imp._ guess, believe.

Gest, 4/2, _s._ a guest. A.S. _gest_.

Get, 9/5, _v._ earn.

Gettings, 9/5, _s._ earnings.

Giddie braine, 10/23, _adj._ giddy, unsteady.

Giles, 114/18, _s. pl._ traps, deceits.

Gillet, 50/30, _s._ lad. Gael, _gille, giolla_, a lad. Halliwell gives "an instrument for thatching" as the meaning in this passage, but why, I do not know.

Gillian spendal, 23/18, wasteful, careless housekeeper.

Giloflowers, 15/42, _s. pl._ carnations, pinks. Fr. _giroflée_, from Lat. _caryophyllus_, a clove, from the clove-like smell of the flowers.--Wedgwood.

Gin, 10/19, _s._ trap.

Ginnes, 106/22, _s. pl._ means, contrivances.

Ginnie, 90/5, Jenny.

Ginny, 33/38, _s._ a name for a filly. Mavor reads Jilly.

Gise, 97/4, _s._ fashion, way.

Gloues, 57/9, _s. pl._ gloves.

God night, 18/49. A phrase equivalent to "it is all over," "it is too late."

Goef, 55/4, _s._ the stack or rick.

Goeler, 46/4, _adj._ "The Goeler is the yellower, which are the best setts, old roots (of hops) being red."--T.R. A.S. _geolewe_.

Gofe, 56/20, _s._ rick, stack. In Addit. MS. 1295, a Lat. Eng. Vocab. written in Norfolk in the 15th century, occur "_Gelimo_, to golue, _Ingelimum_, golfe." Palsgrave gives "a _goulfe_ of corne."

Gofe ladder, 17/1, _s._ a ladder for hay ricks.

Gole, 115/3, _s._ goal, prize.

Goom, 33/59, _s._ gum.

Goordes, 41/5, _s. pl._ gourds. Lat. _cucurbita_.

Gossep, 94/7, _s._ gossips, companions.

Got, 114/16, _pp._ caught.

Gotten, 10/4, _pp._ earned, acquired.

Gould, 3/3, _s._ gold, money.

Goue, 57/10, _pp._ laid up in the barn in the straw. Another form of _Goaf_. "_Goulfe_ of corne, so moche as may lye betwene two postes."--Palsgrave. Dan. _gulve_ = to lay corn sheaves on the floor, from Dan. _gulv_, a floor.

Gouing, 57/23, _v._ laying up in the barn in the straw. See Goue.

Graffing, 46/10, _s._ grafting. O. Fr. _grafe_, from Lat. _graphium_, a pencil, from the resemblance of the graft to a pointed pencil.

Grassebeefe, 12/4, _s._ beef of an ox fattened upon grass.

Grate, 10/29, _s._ prison (grating).

Greaseth, 68/2, _v. pr. t._ bribes, enriches.

Great, 57/8, by great = task or piece-work, in contradistinction to _day_-work.

Greedie gainfull, 2/13, _adj._ greedy for gain.

Greefe, 89/8, _s._ trouble, worry.

Gregorie, 46/2. St. Gregory's Day, 12th March.

Grinstone, 17/8, _s._ grindstone.

Gromel, 45/9, _s._ the plant Gromwell. _Lithospermum arvense_, Linn.

Grosest, 19/18, _adj._ heaviest, thickest, Fr. _gros_.

Grosse, 18/18, _adj._ coarse.

Grossum caput, 95/1, a blockhead, stupid.

Grotes, 33/46, _s. pl._ money (groats). L. Ger. grot = a large piece (of money), so called because before this coin was issued by Edward III., the English had no larger silver coin than the penny.

Gruch, 57/19; Grutch, 86/2, _v._ grudge. O. Fr. _grouchier_, to grumble.

Grutching, 10/8, _s._ grumbling.

Guise, 89/12, *Guyse, 5, _s._ habit, custom.

Gunstone, 10/19, _s._ a ball of stone, used in heavy artillery before the introduction of iron shot.--Nares' Gloss.

Gutted, 46/4, _pp._ taken off from the old roots.

*Gutting, 27, _v._ cutting up, making ruts in.

H.

Haberden, 23/12, _s._ "that kind of cod which is usually salted."--Nares. ? Aberdeen haddocks.

Hacking, 53/15, _v._ hewing down, cutting of trees.

Had I wist, 77/8, lit. "had I known:" foole had I wist = foolish and useless regrets.

*Haft, 60, _v. imp._ "Act like a miser, be a niggard. The sentence then reads 'Be not niggardly towards God of the goods He sends you.' _Haft_, to grasp (an extension of the verb _to have_), and hence to save, be a niggard, is preserved in _hafter_, a miser, saver; which see in my Notes to P. Plowman, l. 197, p. 117. See nine examples of this word in Skelton, ed. Dyce, ii. 108."--Note by Rev. W. W. Skeat. The word, however, seems to bear even a stronger meaning, for Cooper, in his "Thesaurus," 1584, has "_Cauilla_, a mocke, a scoffe, an haftyng question, a cauill." The words "haft not to godward" thus may mean "do not grumble at, find fault with, or question the justice of what God sends you."

Haie, 63/24, _s._ hay. A.S. _haga_.

Haier, 57/51, _s._ cloth made of goats' hair.

Haile, 15/34, _adj._ sound, strong. A.S. _hæl_.

Hailoft, 89/6, _s._ hay-lofts.

Haithorne, 34/28, _s._ hawthorn. A.S. _hagaþorn_ from _haga_ = hedge, haw. Ger. _hagedorn_.

Hallomas, 23/1, _s._ the Feast of All Saints. Hallowmas, _i.e._ All Saints' Day, Nov. 1, was, in Tusser's time, ten days nearer the winter solstice than now.

Hallontide, 21/1. All Saints' Day, 1st November.

Handsome, 48/18, _adj._ useful, ready, _handy_. A.S. _hand, hond_, the hand. Prompt. Parv. gives "handsum, _manualis_."

Handsomly, 21/24, _adv._ neatly, trimly.

Hardhead, 71/4, _adj._ hardy, brave.

Hardlie, 10/50, _adv._ with difficulty.

Harlots, 74/4, _s. pl._ tramps, vagrants, or disreputable characters of either sex. "An harlott, _balator, rusticus_."--Cathol. Anglicum.

Harmes, 16/15, _s._ in harm's way, in danger.

Harolds Booke, 114/11, _s. pl._ the Books of the College of Heralds.

Hart, 19/13, _s._ strength, fertility.

Harted, 48/17, _pp._ provided with a good heart, or, as we should now say, a good bottom; strengthened.

*Harthe, 65, _s._ hearth.

Hartilie, 10/55, _adj._ hearty.

Hartstong, 45/10, _s._ the Heartstongue, _Ceterach officinarum_, so called from the shape of the frond.

Hastings, 18/32, _s. pl._ an early variety of peas, "soone ripe, soone rotten."--D. Rogers' Naaman.

Hauke, 56/44, _s._ hawking, falconry.

Haunt, 67/14, _v._ follow, pursue, be accustomed. O. Fr. _hanter_, to pursue.

Haunting, 16/31, _adj._ frequenting, in the habit of coming.

Hauocke, 77/3, _s._ havoc, waste.

Hawe, 36/13, _s._ the berries of the hawthorn, hips.

Hawme, 55/14, _s._ haulm, straw. "Haulm, straw left in an esh or gratten; stubble, thatch. Sax. hælme, _culmus, calamus_. Icel. halmur, _palea_."--Bish. Kennett's MS. Ray gives "haulm or helm, stubble gathered after the corn is inned."

Hazard, 23/11, _s._ danger.

Heale, 19/37, _v._ to recover, be cured.

Healthsom, 11/8, _adj._ healthy, invigorating.

*Heare, 41, _s._ hair.

Hearesaie, 2/10, _s._ hearsay, report.

Hearie, 49/7, _adj._ hairy, full of hairs. A.S. _hær._ O. Icel. _här_, hair.

Heate, 76/2, _pp._ heated, hot.

Heawers, 47/8, _s. pl._ woodcutters. A.S. _heawan_, to cut.

Hed, 89/9, _s._ head, mind.

Hedlonds, 52/17, _s. pl._ headlands.

Hew, 113/1, _s._ colour, "changed hew" = have changed, become unfavourable.

Hew prowler, 35/25. "Hugh Prowler is our Author's name for a night-walker."--T.R.

Hid, 2/11, _s._ care, heed. A.S. _hédan_.

Hier, 23/9, _s._ business, duty.

Hight, 114/3, _v. pt. t._ was called, named. O. Eng. _higt, higte_. A.S. _hâtte_ from _hatan_, to call, name.

Hilback, 10/40, _s._ cover back, _i.e._ clothes, extravagance in dress. Kennett, MS. Lansdowne 1033.--Halliwell. A.S. _hilan, helan_, to cover.

Hindring, 88/3, _v._ injuring, damaging.

Hir, 35/51, _poss. pr._ their. A.S. _heor_.

Hobbard de Hoy, 60/3, _s._ a lad approaching manhood. "Hober-de-hoy, half a man and half a boy."--Ray's Gloss.

Hogscote, 17/21, _s._ a pen or sty for hogs.

Holds, 33/40, _v. pr. t._ equals, gains equal.

Holiokes, 43/15, _s. pl._ hollyhocks. A.S. _holihoc_.

Homelie, 1/2, _adj._ plain, homely, unpretending.

Hone, 46/9, _s._ "a common rubber or whetstone."--T.R.

Honie, 106/4, _adj._ sweet.

Horehound, 45/11, _s._ horehound. A.S. _hara-hune_, or possibly a corruption of Lat. _urinaria_, the plant being considered a sovereign remedy in cases of strangury and dysuria.

Horselock, 17/21, _s._ shackles for horses' feet.

Horseteeme, 17/10, _s._ team of horses.

Hostis, 10/8, _s. pl._ entertainers.

Housholdry, 9/11, _s._ furniture and articles for domestic use.

Houell, 52/8, _s._ barn, outhouse.

Houen, 49/4, _pp._ swelled. A.S. _hebban, hefan_ (pp. _hofen_), to heave, raise. O. H. Ger. _hevan_.

Hower, 107/4, _s._ hour.

Howse, 57/32, _v. imp._ house.

Hoy, 57/13, _v. imp._ drag, frighten, drive away by crying, "hoy, hoy!"

Hull, 36/23, _s._ holly.

Huluer, 48/10, _s._ holly. O. Icel. _hulfr_.

Hurtilberies, 34/13, _s. pl._ the hurtle-berry or whortleberry, bilberry.

Hutch, 10/47, _s._ money chest or box. A.S. hwæca = chest, an unauthorised (? invented) form, due to Somner. O. Fr. _houche_.

I.

*Iayle, 88, _s._ a gaol, prison.

Ictus sapit, 2/8. Lat. Prov. See Note E15.

Indian eie, 43/16, _s._ the Pink, so called from the eye-shaped marking of the corolla.

Inholder, 97/1, _s._ innkeeper.

Inned, 23/19, _pp._ saved, housed.

Intreating, 88/5, _s._ treatment.

Inuest, 11/8, _v._ surround.

Ise, 112/2, _s._ ice.

Isop, 42/9, _s._ hyssop. A name assigned in the Authorised Version of the Bible to the caper.

Ist, 5/3, is it.

Iuie, 50/6, *Iuye, 42, _s._ ivy. A.S. _ifig_.

J.

Jack, 17/20, _s._ a horse or wooden frame upon which wood is sawn.

Jack, 85/10, _s._ a drinking vessel containing half a pint according to Grose, and quarter of a pint according to Pegge, and Peacock's Gloss. of Manley and Corringham.

Jade, 17/3, _s._ an ill-tempered horse.

Janting, 87/3, _v._ driving. Cotgrave gives another form of the word in English. "_lancer un cheval_. To stirre a horse in the stable till hee sweat withall; or (as our) to iaunt; an old word." "Jaunt" is found in Romeo and Juliet, ii. 5, 26, "What a _jaunt_ have I had!" and in line 53 of the same scene:

"To catch my death with _jaunting_ up and down."

Cf. also Richard II. v. 5, 94.

Jarring, 88/3, _s._ quarrelling, scolding.

Jerke, 64*/9, _s._ stroke, blow. See Yerke.

Jet, 114/38, _v._ strut about, walk proudly. Fr. _jetter_.

"Along the streetes as he doth _jetting_ passe, His outside showes him for an inward asse." --Rowland's Knave of Hearts, 1613.

Jettie, 68/1, _v._ walk or strut about.

Jobbing, 37/12, _v._ pecking. "As an ass with a galled back was feeding in a meadow, a raven pitched upon him, and their sate _jobbing_ of the sore."--L'Estrange's Esop.

John Baptist, 12/4. The feast of St. John the Baptist, 24th June.

Jornie, 57/38, _v. pr. t._ go on a journey, start.

Just, 57/10, _adv._ neatly, trimly.

K.

Karle hempe, 15/24, _s._ the male hemp. See Glossary of Manley and Corringham (E. D. Soc. No. VI.), by E. Peacock.

Keies, 89/3, _s. pl._. keys, locks.

Kell, 57/51, _s._ hop-kiln.

Kerue, 114/32, _v._ (carve), set out, arrange.

Kest, 11/3, _v. imp._ cast, turn.

Kiffe, 10/30, _s._ kith, kindred, relations.

Kinde, 46/20, _s._ nature, natural way. A.S. _cynd_.

Kirnels, 36/13, _s. pl._ pips, seeds. A.S. _cyrnel_.

Knacker, 58/5, _s._ a cart, collar and harness maker, chiefly employed by farmers.

Knackes, 86/7, _s. pl._ knickknacks, trifles.

Knap, 85/11, _v. imp._ rap, knock.

Knauerie, 9/13, _s._ roguery, craft, deceit.

Knede, 74/5, _v. imp._ knead. A.S. _cnedan_. O. H. Ger. _chnetan_.

Kniueles, 98/1, _adj._ having no knives. "When knives were not laid for the guests, as at the present period, they would use their daggers to carve with, which were harmless as to any other purpose."--Mavor.

Knot, 22/22, _s._ flower-beds laid out in fanciful shapes. See Bacon's Essay Of Gardens, ed. W. A. Wright, p. 189: "As for the making of _knots_, or figures, with divers coloured earths, that they may lie under the windowes of the house, on that side, which the garden stands, they be but toyes." Compare also Love's Labour's Lost, i. 1, 249: "Thy curious-_knotted_ garden;" and Milton's Paradise Lost, iv. 242:

"Flowers worthy of Paradise, which not nice art In beds and curious _knots_, but nature boon Pour'd forth profuse."

And Shakspere, Richard II. iii. 4, 46.

Knotted, 42/13, _adj._ jointed. "The _knotted_ rush-ringes, and gilte Rosemaree."--Spenser, Shep. Cal. November.

L.

Lackey, 87/3, servant, messenger.

Lag, 20/15, _v. pr. t._ pilfer, steal.

Lagged, 36/25, _pp._ caught.

Laggoose, 85/4, _s._ laggard, lazy.

Laie, 4/1, 9/32, _v._ plan, intend, purpose.

Laie, 35/46, Lay, 35/48, _s._ untilled land, grass land, lea.

Laier, 63/4, _s._ soil, ground.

Laier, 20/27, _s._ beds, litter.

Lammas, 50/36, _s._ Lammas Day, the 1st August. A.S. _hlâfmaesse_. O. Eng. _loafmas_, the bread-feast or feast of first fruits.

Lamming, 35/21, _s._ lambing.

Lams, 51/1, _s._ lambs.

Langdebiefe, 39/16, _s._ Wild bugloss. See Mr. Britten's note, E205.

Larkes foot, 43/18, _s._ Larkspur, or Larksclaw. _Delphinium_, Linn.

Lash, 63/20, _s._ dirt, mud; leaue in the lash = leave in the lurch, or, perhaps, in the snare, trap. See next word.

Lash, 10/15, _s._ the leash in which an animal is caught or held, hence "to run in the lash" = to fall into the snare.

Lasheth, 23/18, _v. pr. t._ lavisheth, wastes.

Lashinglie, 9/6, _adv._ lavishly, freely.

Lash out, 9/6, _v._ lavish, spend.

Laster, 85/10, _s._ is no laster = will not or does not last, i.e. is soon broken.

Launders, 83/2, _s. pl._ washers, laundresses.

Lauender cotten, 42/12, _s._ the Garden cypres, _Chamæcyparissus_.--Lyte's Dodoens, ed. 1578, p. 29.

Lauender spike, 42/11, _s._ spike lavender, _Lavandula spica_, from M. Lat. _lavendula_, from _lavare_ = to wash, as being the plant used to scent newly-washed linen, whence the expression of "laid up in lavender." The essential oil distilled from this plant, which is nearly allied to the common Lavender, is called in French Essence d'Aspic, and in English Oil of Spike. It is used in porcelain painting and in veterinary medicine. See Pharmacographia, p. 430.

Lawe, 56/2, _s._ rule, for a lawe = as a rule.

Laxe, 19/41, _s._ looseness, diarrhœa. See Cowlaske.

Lay, 10/60, _v. pr. t._ plan, try.

Lay land, 33/49, _s._ untilled lands. "Lay lande, _terre nouvellement labourée_."--Palsgrave.

Lead, 56/14, _s._ a cauldron, copper, or kettle. Gaelic _luchd_ = a pot, kettle. "That stemede as a forneys of a _leede_."--Chaucer, Prologue to C. T. l. 202. "Make þe broys in þe _led_."--Havelok, ed. Skeat, 924.

Lease, 33/49, _s._ a pasture. "A lease is a name used in some countries for a small piece of ground of two or three acres."--T.R. O.E. _leswen_, to pasture, from A.S. _læsu_, a pasture, _lǽswian_, to pasture.

Leaueled, 46/7, _pp._ levelled, measured.

Leauens, 89/10, _s. pl._ the barm and meal laid together for fermentation: _to lay the leavens or leavance_ = to put them together for that purpose. See Halliwell, s.v. Leavance.

Leese, 56/47, _v. imp._ lose, miss.

Leete, 86/10, _s._ a manor court.

Lemmans, 40/2_a_, _s. pl._ lemons. Arabic _laimûn_.

Lent stuffe, 63/36, _s._ provisions for Lent.

Lesse, 2/8, _s._ lease, term. Fr. _lais, laissement_, the lease or instrument by which a holding of any kind is let (_laissé_) to a tenant.

Let, 57/50, _s._ hindrance, obstacle.

Letted, 23/2, _pp._ hindered, delayed.

Lettis, 39/18, _s._ lettuce. Lat. _lectuca_, from Greek γαλὰ [Greek: gala] gen. γάλακτος [Greek: galaktos], milk, and ἔχω [Greek: echo], to contain, through _lattouce_, an older form (still retained in Scotland).

"Letuce of lac derivyed is perchaunce; Ffor mvlk it hath or yeveth abundaunce." --Palladius on Husbondrie, E. E. Text Soc. ed. Lodge, 51/216.

Leuer, 50/9, _adv._ sooner, rather. A.S. _leofer_.

Lick, 23/6, _v._ lick themselves.

Licoras, 45/13, _s._ liquoras.

Licour, 22/23, _s._ water, drink.

Lide, 114/3, _v. pt. t._ lay, was situate.

Lie in the dust, 10/32, cease, be done away with.

Lieng alonge, 19/25, lying at a distance.

Linage, 114/3, _s._ lineage, family.

Lightly, 46/20, _adv._ easily.

Likest, 35/34, _adj._ most likely, promising.

Lillium cum-vallium, 43/20, _s._ Lily of the valley, or Lily-convally. Lat. _Lilium convallium_, a name taken from Canticles ii. 1, "I am the lily of the valleys."

Line, 17/5, _s._ rope (?).

Ling, 57/36, _s._ a fish (_Lota molva_) resembling a cod, but longer and more slender. When salted, it is extensively used for food in Scotland and Ireland. Fr. _lingue_, O. Dutch, _linghe_.

Linne, 97/3, _s._ the town of Lynn. "To purchase Lynn" seems to have been a proverbial mode of expression used in ridicule of stinginess.--Mavor.

Linnen, 94/13, _s._ linen.

Litherly, 85/8, _adj._ lazy, idle.

Lively spide, 3/2, quickly seen.

Liuerwort, 39/20, _s._ so called from the _liver_ shape of the thallus. Lyte (Dodoens, ed. 1587, p. 411) tells us it is "a sovereign medicine against the heate and inflammation of the liver."

Loiterers, 2/6, _s. pl._ hangers on, dependents.

*Lone, 10, _s. pl._ a loan, grant from God.

Longing, 16/10, _s._ desire, what it requires.

Longwort, 39/19, _s._ lungwort, _Pulmonaria maculosa_.

Looke, 5/1, 10/4, _v._ look for, seek, expect.

Loose, 57/22, _v. pr. t._ lose, waste.

Lop, 33/13, _s._ the faggot wood of a tree.

Lordlie, 113/3, _adv._ to live in a lordly or grand style.

Losels, 63/12, _s. pl._ worthless, abandoned fellows. Prompt. Parv. has "Lorel or losel, or ludene, _lurco_."

Louage, 45/12, _s._ Lovage. _Ligusticum Scoticum_, Linn.

Lowe, 23/24, _adj._ not advanced, if Spring is taken to mean the _season_; or, not grown up, if Spring is the _young grass_.

Lowe, 63/11, _adv._ low, feeding so lowe = to allow the flocks to eat the pasture too low or short.

Lower, 20/17, _v._ scowl, look discontented.

Lubberlie, 9/16, _adj._ lazy, idle. "Thither this lusking _lubber_ softly creeped." _Tom Tel Troth's Message_, New Shak. Soc. ed. F. J. Furnivall, p. 128. "_Baligaut, m._ an vnweldie _lubber_, great lobcocke, huge luske, mishapen lowt, ill-fauoured flabergullion."--Cotgrave.

Lubbers, 57/22, _s. pl._ louts, awkward fellows. Welsh _llob_ = a heavy lump, _llabi_ = a looby. Gaelic _leobhair_ = a lubber.--Wedgwood.

Lug, 87/4, _v._ drag, draw.

Lurched, 23/3, _pp._ robbed of their food, being left in the _lurch_.

Lurching, 88/7, _s._ greediness. L. Lat. _lurcare_, to swallow food greedily. "To _lurch_, devour, or eate greadily, _ingurgito_."--Baret's Alvearie. Cf. Bacon's Essays, xlv.

Lurke, 86/1, _v._ idle, loiter about.

Lurketh, 62/9, _v. pr. t._ lounge, dawdle about. The same as Lusk. Harman, p. 82, speaks of "lewtering luskes and lazy lorrels."

Lust, 15/10, _s._ desire.

Lustie, 60/5, _adj._ strong, lusty.

M.

Mads, 50/4, _s. pl._ maggots, worms. Another form of _moth_.

Magget the py, 49/9, the magpie. See note E300.

Maides, 90/3, _s. pl._ maidens, girls.

Maierom, 42/13, _s._ marjoram, from Lat. _majorana_, with the change of _n_ to _m_, as in "Holm, Lime," etc.

Maine, 19/17, _adj. = meint_, i.e. _mixed_ wheat. See _Mung_ or _muncorn_ in Halliwell.

Mainecombe, 17/3, _s._ a comb for horses' manes.

Maine sea, 14/4, the ocean, the high sea. Cf. the expression "the Spanish main."

Male, 102/4, _s._ mail-bag, portmanteau, or sack.

Mallow, 33/6, _s._ the field mallow.

Mams, 95/5, _s. pl._ mothers, mammas.

Manerly, 85/11, _adj._ polite, decent.

Mar, 95/2, _v._ spoil, ruin.

*Marefoles, 53, _s. pl._ fillies.

Marke, 17/17, _s._ marking tool.

Marres, 20/14, _v. pr. t._ spoils, interrupts.

Marrow, 57/40, _s._ a mate, companion. "Marwe, or felawe yn trauayle or mate, _socius, compar, sodalis_."--Prompt. Parv. See Towneley Mysteries, p. 110, and quotations in Craven Glossary and Jamieson.

Marsh men, 17/19, _s. pl._ farmers in the fen and marshy country.

Martilmas, 12/3. The feast of St. Martin, 11th November. See Note E60.

Mast, 63/5, _s._ the fruit of the oak and beech and other forest trees. A.S. _mǽst_. Ger. _mast_, from Gothic _matan_, to nourish.

Mastlin, 63/23, _s._ mixed corn. See Mestlen.

Mates, 114/30, _s. pl._ companions.

Mawdlin, 49/_c_, _s._ Magdalene.

Mawdelin, 42/14, _s._ Maudlin. _Balsamita fæminea_.--Gerard's Herball.

Meade, 63/3, _s._ meadow. A.S. _mǽd, meadu_, genitive, _meadewes_.

Meake, 17/14, _s._ "a hook at the end of a handle five foot long."--T.R. "A _meag_ or _meak_, a pease-hook."--Ray. Also in Coles' Dict. 1676.

Meane, 114/25, means, help.

Meanie, 2/6, _adj._ many.

Measling, 16/23, becoming measly. "_Masyl_ or _mazil_, sekenesse."--Prompt. Parv.

Measure, 68/9, _v._ be moderate, be within measure.

Meated, 17/12, _pp._ fed.

Meateth, 62/7, _v. pr. t._ feeds, supports.

Medcin, 33/19, _s._ medicine.

Meedeful, 87/7, _adj._ thankful.

Meedes, 106/4, _s. pl._ meadows. See Meade.

Mendbreech, 89/6, _s._ one who sits up late at night to mend his clothes.

Mercurie, 39/22, _s._ Mercury, or Good King Henry, is largely grown by cottagers in Lincolnshire. This plant, the _Chenopodium bonus henricus_ of botanists, bears tender young leaves resembling spinach, which, when cooked, are but little inferior in flavour to the finest asparagus. It is a robust-growing perennial, and, when once planted in deep, rich soil, requires no further cultural attention than a dressing of well-decomposed manure during the winter.

Mestlen, 37/21, _s._ a mixture of wheat and rye. "Mastilȝone, _bigermen, mixtilio_."--Cath. Ang. "_Framois_, meslin of oats and barlie mixed." "_Meteil_, messling or misslin, wheat and rie mingled."--Cotgrave.

Mew, 36/26, _s._ a cage for moulting.

Michel, 33/32, Mihel, 57/25, Mihell, 12/4, _s._ Michaelmas. The feast of St. Michael and All Angels, 29th September.

Michers, 10/15, _s. pl._ lurking thieves, skulkers. "Mecher, a lytell thefe, _laronceau_."--Palsgrave. Now common as a term for a truant. Cf. Shak. I Henry IV. ii. 4: "Shall the blessed sun of heaven prove a _micher_ and eat blackberries."

Mickle, 68/1, _adj._ great, much.

Mier, 107/4, _s._ mire, filth. A.S. _myre._

*Mier, 38, Mierie, 114/27, _adj._ filthy, muddy.

Mihelmas, 57/44, Michaelmas.

*Millons, 72/_c, s. pl._ melons. See Musk Million.

Mind, 68/5, _v._ notice, comment on.

Mind, 63/1, _v. pr. t._ intend, have in mind, wish.

Minion, 66/4, _adj._ pleasant, agreeable, favourite. Fr. _mignon_. L. Lat. _mignonetus, gratissimus, minna,_ love.

Minnekin, 10/20, _adj._ little, perhaps with the idea of the modern contracted form "minx."

Miring, 23/3, _v._ being stuck in bogs.

Mis, 16/8, _v._ want, be without.

Mischiefe, 23/4, _v._ hurt, injure.

Mischieued, 10/36, _adj._ unfortunate, ruined.

Misdeeme, 30/3, _v._ misjudge. A.S. _deman_, to judge.

Mislike, 23/16, _v._ displease, not suit.

Mistle, 33/12, _s._ mistletoe. A.S. _mistel_. O. H. Ger. _mistil_.

Mitch, 17/17, _adj._ large.

Mite, 63/20, _s._ the smallest piece. A.S _mite_.

Mo, 33/57, _adj._ more, others. A.S. _mâ_.

Moether, 17/13, Mother, 16/14, _s._ a girl. A woman and her mawther = a woman and her daughter. "Moder, servaunte or wench."--Prompt. Parv.

Mogwort, 45/15, _s._ mugwort, _Artemisia vulgaris_, Linn.

Moile, 4/1, _v._ to work hard, drudge. Lat. _moliri_, to struggle. "In the earth we _moile_ with hunger, care and paine."--Mirror for Magist. ed. 1610.

Molding, 55/4, _v._ becoming musty, or mouldy.

Mome, 62/3, _s._ blockhead, fool. "A gull, a ninny, a _mome_."--Florio, p. 81. "A youth will play the wanton, and an olde man proove a _mome_."--Drayton, Skeltoniad.

Mone, 67/1, _s._ complaint, lamentation.

Mooueth, 94/7, _v. pr. t._ moves or exerts herself, plans.

Mother, 16/14, _s._ a girl. See Moether.

Moulspare, 17/18, _s._ mole spear.

Mow, 17/19, _s._ stack of hay or corn. A.S. _muwa_. L. Lat. _mugium_.

Mowles, 36/17, _s. pl._ moles.

Mowse, 38/3, _v. pr. t._ mouth, bite.

Mowth, 57/25, _v._ eat.

Muck, 51/13, _s._ manure.

Mulley, 57/46, a common name for a cow in Suffolk.

Mungrels, 46/3, _s. pl._ cur dogs, mongrels. A.S. _menegan_, to mix, hence an animal of a mixed breed, a hybrid.

Musk Million, 40/8, _s._ the musk melon. "Pickled cowcombers I have bought a pecke for threepence, and _musk mellions_, there hath beene cast five or sixe loads of them in one day to their hogs."--Taylor's Works, 1630. See Lyte's Dodoens, p. 590.

Myslen, 16/11, _s._ mixed corn. Mestlyone or monge corne or dragge.--Prompt. Parv. See Dredge and Mestlen.

N.

Nads, 17/9, _s._ an adze.

Naile, 17/8, _s._ nails.

Nall, 17/4, _s._ an awl.

Naughtie, 53/20, _adj._ useless, unfit.

Naughtly, 10/4, _adv._ by unfair or improper means.

Nauewes, 41/6, _s. pl._ wild navew. _Brassica napus_, L. Fr. _naveau_, from _napellus_, dimin. of _napus_ = the rape.

*Nawlt, 32, ? _nawt_, nothing.

Neat, 50/28, _s._ cattle. A.S. _neât_, horned cattle.

Neatherd, 63/2, _s._ herdsman, the man who attends to the cattle.

Needams shore, 97/5. "A punning proverb recorded in Ray; and signifying that waste and extravagance bring a man to want or need."--Mavor.

Needfullie, 9/15, _adv._ necessarily.

Ne forte, 23/10, Latin, lest by chance.

Nep, 39/24, _s._ cat mint, a contraction from the Lat. _nepeta_.

Nest, 11/6, _v._ nestle, settle.

*Nestling, 41, _v._ harbouring, supporting.

Nettie, 68/1, _adj._ natty, neat. O. Fr. _net_, from Lat. _nitidus_.

Nice, 102/1, _adj._ careful, particular.

Nick, 98/4, _v._ cut, notch.

Nie, 16/4, _adj._ near, convenient.

Nips, 114/5, _s. pl._ pinches.

Niggerly, 27/4, _adj._ niggardly, miserly. Icel. _hnöggr_, sparing, miserly. Cf. Ger. _knicker_, a niggard.

Nittes, 21/23, _s. pl._ the eggs of a louse or other insects. A.S. _hnitu_.

Noble, 16/16, _s._ noble, a gold coin of the value of 6_s._ 8_d._

Noddies, 18/20, Nodie, 98/4, _s. pl._ simpletons, fools.

"Ere you come hither, proove I was somebody, The king delighted in me, now I am a _noddy_." --Damon and Pythias, i. 174.

Noe, 7/4, _s._ Noah.

Noiance, 16/8, _s._ injury, trouble.

Noie, 52/15, _v. pr. t._ are injurious, noxious.

Noieth, 57/13, _v. pr. t._ suffer harm or injury.

Noisome, 10/8, _adj._ injurious, damaging.

Norfolk wiles, 114/18, "Essex miles, Suffolk stiles, Norfolk wiles, many men beguiles."--Old East Anglian saw. See note E500.

Nowles, 36/17, _s. pl._ the hillocks, little mounds. A. S. cnoll, _cacumen_. "Nolle, _idem quod_ nodul."--Prompt. Parv.

Noy, 53/15, _v._ hurt, are injurious. See Noie.

Noyer, 13/2, _s._ one that hurts or injures.

Nurteth, 20/28, _v. pr. t._ poke or push with the horns.? connected with Fr. _nuire_, Lat. _nocere_. Halliwell quotes from Gawayne _nirt_ = a cut, hurt.

Nurture, 10/57, _s._ training.

O.

Of, 106/12, _prep._ through, in consequence of.

Of, 106/2, _prep._ out of, from.

Of, 19/22, _prep._ after.

Of, 64*/4, _prep._ with, by means of.

Ofcorne, 86/5, _s._ offal or waste corn.

Office, 99/2, _s._ duty. Lat. _officium_.

Oke, 19/31, _s._ oaks. A.S. _Æc_.

Ope gap, 16/36, hedge or fence breakers.

Open, 16/38, _v._ bark, open his mouth.

Opprest, 19/29, _pp._ troubled, laden.

Opte, 114/22, _v. pt. t._ opened.

*Or and, 18, before. Cf. Er an.

Orach or Arach, 39/26, _s._ Orach. _Atriplex sativa alba. Atriplex sativa purpurea_.--Gerard's Herball, ed. 1633.

Orderlie, 9/8, _adv._ in due order.

Orengis, 40/4_a, s. pl._ oranges. Arabic, _nârandj_. L. Lat. _arantia_, from its first title, _pomum aurantium_, golden apple.

Otemell, 46/26, _s._ oatmeal. A.S. _âta_, oat, and _mæl_, meal.

Otes, 46/13, _s. pl._ oats.

Othing, 94/6, one thing.

Out, 16/17, _adv._ outdoor, open air.

Ouercome, 53/4, _v._ manage, keep up with.

Ouerly, 23/21, _adv._ all over.

Over reaching, 2/11, cheating, deceiving.

Ouerthwart, 46/9, _prep._ across. A.S. _oferþweorh_. O. Eng. _outhwar, thweorh_. O. Norse, _thwert_.

Ox bowes, 17/10, _s. pl._ the bow of wood which goes round the neck of an ox.

Oxboy, 63/15, _s._ the boy who attends to the cattle.

Oxteeme, 17/10, _s._ team of oxen.

Oxyokes, 17/10, _s. pl._ yokes for oxen.

P.

Pad, 17/21, _s._ padlock.

Paggles, 43/25, _s. pl._ cowslip, primrose, paigles. In Suffolk the _Cuckoo flower_. See note E232.

Paier, 17/13, _s._ pair, couple.

Paine, 3/1, _s._ pains, trouble.

Painfull, 77/15, _adj._ painstaking, careful.

Painfull, 2/13, _adj._ full of trouble, requiring care.

Painted, 5/3, _pp._ adorned; the _sermo ornatus_ of Cicero.

Paltrie, 57/30, _adj._ poor, worthless.

Panel, 17/5, _s._ a pannier. A _pannel_ and _ped_ have this difference: the one is much shorter than the other, and raised before and behind, and serves for smaller burdens; the other is longer and made for Burdens of Corn. These are fastened with a leathern Girt called a Wantye.--T.R.

Parasites, 10/27, _s. pl._ flatterers, hangers on.

Pare, 2/7, _v._ injure, damage, impair.

Pared, 46/4, _pp._ cleaned and cleared of all superfluous roots.

Partition, page 2, _s._ division.

Pas, 48/6, _v. pr. t._ care. "As for these silken-coated staves, I _pass_ not."--Shakspere, 2 Henry VI. iv. 2.

Pask, 46/2, _s._ Easter. Lat. _Pascha_.

Passeth, 102/3, _v. pr. t._ think, reflect. See Pas.

Pasties, 90/7, _s. pl._ pies.

Patch, 51/32, _s._ originally a fool, jester, here = the farm labourer. Ital. _pazzo_, which Florio ("New Worlde of Wordes") defines as "foolish, fond, mad, rash, doting, rauing or simple. Also a foole, a gull, an idiot, a mad man, a naturall." By some, however, it is derived from the _patched_ or motley coat of the jester.

Patches, 53/2, _s. pl._ places where the shearer has cut the skin of the sheep, wounds.

Pates, 63/9, _s. pl._ persons.

Pauncies, 43/24, _s._ pansies, heartsease. "There's _pansies_, that's for thoughts."--Shakspere, Hamlet, iv. 5.

Pay, 77/11, _v._ pay home = give a strong, sharp blow.

Peake, 67/27, _v._ to look thin or sickly, "Dwindle, _peak_ and pine."--Shakspere, Macbeth, i. 3.

Pearch, 87/5, _v._ perch, roost.

Peasebolt, 18/38, _s._ "pease in the Hawm or Straw."--T.R.

Peaseetch, 19/5, _s._ the aftermath of a crop of peas. See Etch.

Peasefed, 18/27, _adj._ fed on peas.

Peason, 53/9, _s. pl._ pease.

"Prick _peason_ and beanes, if thy garden be dry, At change of the moone, and in beautiful skye." --Almanack, 1615.

Peccantem, 35/28. See note E178.

Peck, 17/12, _s._ a peck measure.

Ped, 17/5, _s._ a pannier, a large capacious basket, in which fowls, eggs, fish, etc., are hawked about the country. Peder, a small farmer (Lincoln), "Pedde, idem quod panere, _calathus_."--Prompt. Parv. "Pedder, _revolus, negociator_."--Cathol. Anglic. See also Halliwell, sub. voc.

Peeces, 2/7, _s._ pieces, in parts.

Peele, 75/6, _v._ strip. "_Peler_. To bauld, or pull the haire off; also to pill, pare, barke, unrinde, unskin."--Cotgrave.

Peeler, 35/51, _s._ an impoverisher.

Peeling, 33/51, _s._ impoverishing.

Pelfe, 55/1, _s._ apparatus, implements.

Peneriall, 39/29, _s._ penny-royal. _Mentha pulegium_, from Lat. _puleium regium_, through Dutch _poley_, in the old Herbals called _puliol royal_; its Latin name being derived from its supposed efficacy in destroying _fleas_ (_pulices_). See Pliny (b. xx. cap. 54).

Penie, 2/13, _s._ penny, money.

Penurie, 9/6, _s._ destitution, want.

Perareplums, 34/18, _s. pl._ some variety of plum either lost or unknown (if not a misprint).

Perceley, 39/28, _s._ parsley. A.S. _peterselige_. Lat. _petroselinum_.

Percer, 17/6, _s._ a piercer, gimlet.

Perie, 18/48, _s._ perry.

Perle, 96/28, _s._ pearl, jewel, ornament.

Perseneps, 41/8, _s. pl._ parsnips. Spelt in the old herbals _Pasnep_ and _Pastnip_, from Lat. _pastinaca_.

Pester, 48/14, _v._ overcrowd with stock, abbreviated from O. Fr. _empestrer_ = to entangle the feet or legs, to embarrass, from Fr. _pasturon_, L. Lat. _pastorium_, a fetter by which horses are prevented from wandering in the pastures.

Pestring, 53/11, _v._ being in the way or troublesome. "_Empestrer_, to pester, intricate, intangle, trouble, incomber."--Cotgrave.

Petigree, 114/11, _s._ pedigree, genealogy.

Pewter, 85/11, _s._ pewter vessels.

Philip and Jacob, 51/1. The feast of Saints Philip and James, 1st May.

Phraies, 114/8, _s._ phrase, language.

Pickle, 56/17, _s._ condition, state.

Piddling, 63/48, _v._ "going about pretending to work but doing little or nothing, as after illness a man is said to go _piddling_ about, though as yet unable to do much."--Halliwell.

Pie, 53/3, _s._ magpie.

Piggen, 16/14, _s._ pigeons.

Pike, 17/15, _s._ a pitching fork with two or three prongs for cocking corn not put into sheaves.

Pilch, 15/39, _v. pr. t._ pilfer. See also Filchers.

Pilcrowe, page 2, _s._ the mark ¶. "Pylcrafte in a booke, _asteriskus_."--Prompt. Parv.

Pilferie, 9/4, _s._ theft, fraud. O. Fr. _pelfrer_, to plunder.

Pinched, 10/30, _pp._ in straitened circumstances, in need or want.

Pinching, 9/6, _adj._ extreme, pressing.

Pinching, 97/3, _s._ economy.

Pinwood, 17/20, _s._ pegwood, _i.e._ wood that does not split, for making wooden pins or pegs of.

Pionées, 45/16, _s._ pl. The peony. _Pæonia corallina_. The seeds of this plant were used as a spice, and also as a medicine. See note in Liber Albus, p. 351.

Pismier, 111, _s._ ant.

Pitch and pay, 114/24, pay ready money.

Placing, 56/32, _v._ arranging, stacking.

Plagards, 114/6, _s. pl._ commissions, instruments.

Planked, 17/2, _pp._ boarded.

Plantine, 44/10, _s._ Plantain. The Water-plantain was formerly regarded as a specific against hydrophobia: from _planta_, sole of the foot, from the shape of the leaf.

Plash, 36/15, _v. imp._ lower and narrow a broad-spread hedge by partially cutting off the branches and entwining them with those left behind. "_Plesser_, to plash, fould, to bow, or plait young branches one within another; also to thicken a hedge, or cover a walke, by plashing."--Cotgrave. In 36/15 it means to _pleach_ down a hedge over the burrow, so as to protect it.

Pleasure, 7/6, _v._ to please.

Plight, 16/34, _s._ condition.

Plot, 9/7, _s._ piece of ground, farm.

Plot, 12/1, _s._ plan, rule.

Plough Monday, 90/2. The Monday next after Twelfth Day. See note E452.

Ploughstaff, 17/11, _s._ an instrument like a paddle for cleaning a plough, or clearing it of weeds, stalks, etc.

Plowmeat, 47/12, _s._ food made of corn.

Plowwrite, 58/5, _s._ plough wright.

Plump, 19/41, _v. imp._ throw in.

Pod, 17/6, _s._ "a box or old leather bottle nailed to the side of the cart to hold necessary implements, or perhaps grease."--Mavor. Cf. Ped.

Poke, 16/3, _s._ a bag, sack, "buy a pig in a poke" = to buy without seeing what one is buying.

Poling, 35/45, _s._ supporting with poles.

Pollard, 19/16, _s._ a mixture of bran and meal.

Pollenger, 35/13, _s._ pollard trees, brushwood.

Pompions, 41/7, _s. pl._ pumpkins. Fr. _pompon_.

Poppie, 45/17, _s._ poppy. A.S. _papig_.

Poret, 39/31, _s._ a scallion; a leek or small onion. O. Fr. _porette_. Lat. _porrum_; called _Porrectes_ in the Forme of Cury, p. 41.

Porkling, 19/34, _s._ young swine. Cf. _Bulchin_, q.v.

Posie, 97/1, _s._ a poetical inscription. Udal writes it _poisee_. "There was a superscription or _poisee_ written on the toppe of the crosse."--St. Luke, c. 23.

Pot, 15/43, _s._ the pot for cooking purposes.

Pottage, 76/2, _s._ pottage, soup. Fr. _potage_.

Pottle, 21/12, _s._ a pottle, a measure of two quarts.

Pouch, 62/16, _s._ pocket, purse. A.S. _pocca_.

Poucheth, 35/46, _v. pr. t._ pockets.

Pound, 114/21, _v._ fight, beat.

*Powlinges, 66, _s. pl._ the branches or shoots of pollard trees. Still called _Pollengers_.

Practise, 73/13, _s._ practice, experience.

Practisie, 9/5, _s._ conduct, practices.

Praies, 114/18, _s._ praise.

Prating, 64/27, _s._ talking, chattering.

Pray, 114/25, _s._ prey, booty, plunder.

Preferment, 10/57, _s._ advancement, assistance.

Prentise, 92/4, _s._ apprenticeship, business.

Prentiships, 60, _s. pl._ periods of seven years, that being the duration of an apprenticeship, or 'prenticeship.

Prest, 56/43, _adj._ ready.

Prest, 63/7, _adj._ neat, tidy. Tusser Redivivus says, "An old word for Neat or Tight; I suppose comes from women being _strait-laced_." Ital. _presto_. O. Fr. _prest_, Fr. _prêt_.

Prest, 49/8, _pp._ pressed. Fr. _presser_.

Pretie, 86/7, _adj._ pretty, dainty. A.S. _prætig_.

Preuenting, 10/62, _pr. p._ anticipating. Lat. _prevenire_, to go before.

Price, 114/16, _s._ renown, high estimation. Lat. _pretium_.

Pricketh, 77/22, _v. pr. t._ makes proud or puffs up.

Pricking, 67/16, _v._ embroidering, doing fancy work.

Pride, 19/12, _s._ excessive richness. "The ground having his _pride_ abated in the first crop"--G. Markham.

Prie, 35/15, _s._ privet.

Prim, 15/42, _s._ another name for the "privet;" called also "primwort."

Prime, 14/3, _s._ the time of the new moon, as change is the time of the full moon.

Prime grass, 35/18, _s._ earliest grass. See footnote 10, p. 84.

Priuie, 10/12, _adj._ aware, acquainted.

Priuie, 15/42, _s._ privet. _Ligustrum vulgare_.

Procureth, 64/3, _v. pr. t._ contrives, brings about.

Promooters, 64/11, _s. pl._ informers.