Chapter XIV: Part 14

Prooue, 46/1, _v. imp._ try, have some experience of.

*Prouision, 4, foresight. Lat. _providere_.

*Pullein, 37, Pullen, 87/5, _s. pl._ poultry, fowls. "Pullayne, poullane, _poullaille_."--Palsgrave. See also Pulter.

Pullet, 63/16, _s._ chicken.

Pulter, 21/9, _s._ fowl keeper or breeder. "_Poullailler, m._ a poulter or keeper of pullaine."--Cotgrave.

Pultrie, 21/9, _s._ poultry.

Purkey Wheat, 19/17, maize.

Purloiners, 10/54, _s. pl._ thieves, pilferers. Spelt "_pro_loiners" in edit. of 1577.

Purse penniles, 10/28, _adj._ a purse without a penny, empty pursed.

Purslane, 40/10, _s._ water purslane. _Portulaca domestica_.--Gerard's Herball, ed. 1633. From _porcellus_, a little pig; the plant being a favourite food of swine.

Put to, 10/30, _v._ place.

Puttocks, 38/33, _s. pl._ kites, hawks. "Puttok, bryd, _milvus_."--Prompt. Parv. In 99/3 the meaning is, voracious fellows.

Q.

Quaile, 15/34, _v._ fail.

Quaile, 91/6, _s._ be shaken.

Quamier, 33/56, _s._ quagmire, bog. O. Eng. quavemire.

Queenes gilleflowers, 43/27, _s._ the Dame's Violet, also called Rogue's or Winter gilliflower. _Hesperis matronalis_, L.

Queere, 114/6, _s._ choir. "Queere, _chorus_."--Cath. Anglicum.

Quickset, 18/33, _s._ quickset hedge.

Quick setted, 35/45, _pp._ enclosed with a quickset hedge.

Quieter, 63/22, _adv._ more easily, quietly.

Quight, 115/2, _adv._ completely, entirely.

Quite, 15/7, _v. pr. t._ requite, repay.

R.

Rabetstock, 17/20, _s._ a rabbet-plane, a joiner's tool for cutting rabbets.

Rable, 22/17, _s._ crowd, number.

Rage, 114/35, _adj._ wild, dissipated.

Raise, 9/16, _v._ stir up.

Rampions, 40/12, _s._ rampion, _rapuntium_.--Gerard's Herball.

Ranke, 53/17, _adj._ strong, rank.

Ranker, 10/6, _s._ ill-feeling, quarrelling.

Raskabilia, 10/54, _s._ packs of rascals. Cf. Mid. Eng. _rascaille_. "Rascalye, or symple puple, _plebs_."--Prompt. Parv.

Ratling, 19/34, _s._ the rattle.

Rawing, 16/25, _s._ the aftermath of a Meadow Water.--T.R. "Raweyne, hey, _fenum serotinum_."--Prompt. Parv. See also Rowen.

Reame, 3/3, _s._ kingdom, country. O. Fr. _realme, reaume_.

Reasnable, 10/14, _adj._ fair, equitable, reasonable.

Reastie, 20/2, _adj._ rusty, rancid. "Reest as flesche, _rancidus_."--Prompt. Parv. "I _reast_, I waxe ill of taste, as bacon."--Palsgrave. See Wedgwood, s.v. Reasty.

Recken, 10/43, _v._ to compute, count.

Redele, page 3, _s._ riddle. "Rydel or probleme, _enigma_."--Prompt. Parv. A.S. _rǽdelse_.

Reeded, 51/5, _pp._ thatched with reeds.

Reeding, 2/10, _s._ reading, study. A.S. _rédan_.

Reeke, 10/24, _v._ smoke. A.S. _rêcan_.

Refraine, 48/1, _v._ stop, prevent.

Rehersed, 45/1, _pp._ mentioned, named. Fr. _rehercer_, properly to go over again like a harrow (Fr. _herce_) over a ploughed field.

Reisons, 34/21, _s. pl._ currants. "Raysouns of Corante."--Pegge's Forme of Cury, ed. 1780, p. 16.

Relent, 23/11, _v._ become soft.

Rendrit, 24, _v._ = render it, _i.e._ return, requite it.

Rent, 55/7, _pp._ torn, plucked.

Rept, 18/43, _pp._ reaped, gained.

Resdue, 48/19, _s._ residue, remainder. Fr. _résidu_. Lat. _residuum_.

Respe, 15/27, Respies, 44/12, _s._ Raspberries.

Respit, 70/4, _s._ rest, respite.

Restfull, 106/2, _adj._ full of rest, resting.

Retcheles, 10/23, _adj._ reckless, careless. A.S. _recceleas_.

Reuengement, 9/18, _s._ revenge.

Rew, 45/18, _s._ rue.

Rife, 98/1, _adj._ abundant, common.

Rifle, 17/14, _s._ "a rifle or ruffle is no more than a bent stick standing on the butt of a sithe-handle."--T.R. Now called a _bale_.

Rigging, 16/37, _pr. p._ making free with, knocking about.

Rigs, 15/37, _v. pr. t._ make free with.

Ringle, 33/54, _v. imp._ ring, put rings through the snouts.

Ringling, 16/32, _v._ ringing of swine to prevent their tearing up the ground.

Riping, 37/7, ripening.

Rikes, 53/10, _s. pl._ ricks. A.S. _hreac_, a heap.

Rise, 40/5_a_, _s._ rice.

Rishes, 75/6, _s. pl._ rushes. A.S. _risce_. Lat. _ruscum_.

Riuet, 19/16, _s._ bearded wheat. "Dog-wheat, a bearded species, called in Mark-lane, _rivets_."--Forby.

Rode, 57/36, _s._ harbour.

Roinish, 102/1, _adj._ mean, rough, coarse. Fr. _rogneux_. "The roynish clown."--Shakspere, As You Like It, ii. 2.

Roister like, 98/3, blustering. "They ruffle and _roist_ it out." Harrison's Eng. ed. F. J. Furnivall, New Shakspere Soc. Pt. I, p. 77. "This is the very _royster_ that gagg'd and bound me, Sir."--The Reformation, 1673.

Rokat, 40/13, _s._ garden rocket. Fr. _roquette. Eruca sativa_.--Gerard's Herball, ed. 1633.

Roong, 15/29, _pp._ have rings put through their noses to prevent them from tearing up the ground.

Roperipe, 92/3, _s._ one old enough to be flogged. "Deserving of hanging."--Howell, 1660.

Roste, 63/19, _s._ rule the roste = domineer, have the sway. According to Richardson equivalent to "_rule the roost_," an expression of which every farm yard would supply an explanation.

Rottenly, 18/11, _adj._ rich, crumbly.

Roule, 17/8, _s._ a rule, measure.

Roules, 10/54, _v._ roll in, bring in.

Rowe, 36/12, _s._ row, a rowe = in a row.

Rowen, 57/25, aftermath of mown meadows. "_Rowen_ is a field kept up till after Michaelmas, that the corn left on the ground may sprout into green."--Bailey's Dict. See Rawing above, and Rawings in Ray's Gloss.

Rowleth, 46/15, _v. pr. t._ roll. O. Fr. _roler_, Ger. _rollen_, from Lat. _rotulare_.

Rubstone, 17/14, _s._ a sandstone for a scythe. "The rub or buckle stone which husbandmen doo occupie in the whetting of their sithes."--Harrison, Description of England, Pt. 2, p. 64.

Rudenes, 2/9, _s._ want of refinement, plainness, homeliness.

Ruffen, 98/3, _s._ ruffian, scoundrel.

Runciuall peas, 41/9, _s. pl._ marrow-fat peas. Supposed to be derived from Span. _Roncesvalles_, a town at the foot of the Pyrenees, where gigantic bones of old heroes were pretended to be shown; hence the name was applied to anything of a size larger than usual.

Runnagate, 77/17, runaway. "White-livered _runagate_."--Shakspere, Richard III. iv. 4.

Runt-wood, page 84, footnote 8, _s._ stumps of underwood. "Neither young poles nor old runts are suitable for building."--Holland.

Rydgis, 16/9, _s. pl._ ridges.

S.

Sad, 17/12, _adj._ disappointed, vexed.

Saddle, 35/37, _s._ the saddle, riding. We still say "a saddle horse," "a cart horse," meaning a horse for riding or carting.

Saile, 114/23, _s._ sail, beare low saile = to live humbly or economically. "Than bear so _low a sail_, to strike to thee."--Shakspere, 3 Hen. VI. v. 1. Cf. also 3 Henry VI. iii. 3.

Sallets, 40/1, _s. pl._ salads.

Sallow, 22/26, _s._ a species of willow. A.S. _salig_.

Salue, 4/2, _s._ ointment, salve.

Sampire, 40/6, _s._ samphire. _Crithmum marinum_.--Gerard's Herball, 1633.

"Half way down,
Hangs one that gathers _samphire_, dreadful trade."
--Shakspere, Lear, iv. 6.

Sauer, 10/10, _s._ scent, inkling.

Sauer, 77/3, a person to look after and see that things are not wasted.

Sauerie, 39/35, _s._ savoury. Fr. _savorée_. Lat. _satureja_.

Sauerlie, 9/3, _adj._ frugal, gained by saving.

Sauin, 45/22, _s._ savin. _Juniperus sabina_, Linn.

Sawsie, 114/35, _adj._ saucy, impudent.

Saxefrage, 44/13, _s._ saxifrage. Lat. _saxifraga_, from _saxum_, a rock, and _frango_, to break, being supposed to disintegrate the rocks, in the crevices of which it grows, and thence to dissolve stone in the bladder. Called in Scotland _Thirlstane_, which has the same meaning.

Scaberd, 102/2, _s._ scabbard.

Scamble, 51/7, _v._ scramble for.

Scant, 56/52, _adj._ scarce, wanting.

Scant, 114/24, _adv._ scarcely. So in Bacon's "Table of Coulers," I. "The Epicure that will _scant_ indure the Stoic to be in sight of him." Cf. also Romeo and Juliet, i. 2.

Scanted, 2/14, _adj._ limited, stinted, grudged. Cf. also note E317.

Scape, 97/1, _v._ escape, get off.

Scare, 56/13, _v. imp._ drive away.

Scotch, 33/17, _v. pr. t._ cut, hew.

Scoutwatch, 10/19, _s._ watch, guard.

Scowles, 10/23, _v. pr. t._ scowls, frowns, is ill-tempered.

Scrall, 49/_c, v. pr. t._ crawl. "To scrall, stir, _motito_"--Coles' Lat. Dict. "And the river shall _scral_ with frogs."--Wiclif, Exodus viii. 3.

Scrauling, 49/9, _pr. p._ crawling.

Scruplenes, page 4, _s._ scruples, scrupulousness. Lat. _scrupulus_, a little stone such as may get into a traveller's shoe and distress him; hence, a source of doubt or distress.

Sea holie, 40/17, _s._ sea-hulfer, sea-holm; a plant of the genus _Eryngium_ (_E. maritimum_). A.S. _hulfer_, holly.

Sealed, 17/18, _adj._ certified, stamped.

Seame, 21/2, _s._ a quarter of corn. A.S. _seam_.

Secresie, 9/20, _s._ secrets, private concerns.

Sedge collars, 17/12, _s. pl._ collars made of sedge or reeds.

Seede, 51/12, _v._ obtain seed from.

Seede cake, 90/7, "a festival so called at the end of wheat-sowing in Essex and Suffolk, when the village is to be treated with seed cakes, pasties, etc."--Warton.

Seeith, 19/41, _v. imp._ boil.

Seeke, 10/24, _v._ seek, "their dinners to seeke" = their dinners have to be sought, i.e. are lacking.

Seelie, 48/21, _adj._ silly, simple. A.S. _sælig_. O. L. Ger. _salig_.

Seene, 95/1, _adj._ practised, experienced.

"Its a schoolmaster
Well _seen_ in music."
--Shakspere, Taming of Shrew, i. 2.

Seene, 106/16, _v. pt. t._ appeared. Lat. _visus est_.

Seeth, 78/5, _v. imp._ boil.

Seeue, 17/3, _s._ sieve, sifter.

Seggons, 85/6, _s. pl._ poor labourers. "_Seg-head_, a blockhead."--Craven Cf. _Segger_, Chester Plays, ii. 51.

Sell, 114/21, _s._ cell, abbey.

Semsters, 86/7, _s. pl_ needlewomen, seamstresses. A.S. _seamestre_.

Seruice-trees, 34/24, _s. pl._ more correctly spelt _Servise-tree_, from Lat. _cervisia_, its fruit having from ancient times been used for making a fermented liquor, a kind of beer.

Seruiture, 99/1, _s._ servant, attendant.

Set, 36/25, _v. imp._ plant round, set.

Set, 35/45, _s._ the young shoots.

Setteth, 10/60, _v. pr. t._ risks. "Setteth his soule upon sixe or on seauen" = "risks his soul on the cast of a die."

Seuer, 15/40, _v. imp._ separate, sort.

Seuerall, title, _adj._ inclosed land, divided into fields by fences. L. Lat. _separalis_.

Sewe, 15/17, _v. imp._ drain. Cf. sewer. Welsh, _sych_, dry. Cf. Lat. _siccus_. See Pegge's Kenticisms.

Shackles, 17/21, _s. pl._ shackles. A.S. _scacul_. Dutch, _schakel_, a link of a chain.

Shack time, 16/30, _s._ the time during which the shaken-out grain remains on the ground after harvest. "_Shack_, Norfolk, a general common for hogs, from the end of harvest till seed time. To go at _shack_, to go at large."--Coles' Dict. 1676. Brockett's Glossary gives: "_Shack, shak,_ to shed, or shake, as corn in harvest. Then _shack-fork_, a shake-fork." "_Shacking-time_, the season when malt is ripe."--Kersey's Eng. Dict. 1715. Wedgwood (Eng. Etym.) says: "Shack is the shaken grain remaining on the ground when the gleaning is over, the fallen mast (Forby). Hence to _shack_, to turn pigs or poultry into the stubble field to feed on the scattered grain. _Shack_, liberty of winter pasturage, when the cattle are allowed to rove over the tillage land." Forby gives "_Shack_, sb. the acorns or mast under the trees." Compare the provincial "Shucks," the pods or shells from which peas have been _shaken_, or, as it is frequently called, "_shook_."

Share, 52/1, _v._ shear.

Shares, 17/10, _s._ plough shares.

Sharing, 17/16, _adj._ shearing.

Shaue, 17/6, _s._ spokeshave.

Sheawd, 102/7, _pp._ shown, displayed.

Shed, 57/7, _v._ lose the grains of corn.

Sheepebiter, 64/17, _s._ a thief, lit. a wolf, a cant phrase. See Halliwell, s.v.

Shent, 57/45, _pp._ ruined, disgraced. A.S. _scendan_.

Shere, 3/7, _s._ shire, county. A.S. _scire_.

Shift, 9/39, _v._ manage, fare.

Shift, 104/1, _s._ excuse, makeshift.

Shifting, 95/5, _adj._ changing, often removing.

Shifting, 10/27, 10/34, _v._ trickery, cheating, acting shiftingly.

Shiftingly, 9/26, _adv._ by tricks or mean shifts.

Shock, 56/20, _s._ a certain number of bundles or sheaves of corn (in some parts twelve). "A _shocke_ of wheate, _meta tritici_."--Withal's Dict. 1608.

Shock, 57/10, _v. imp._ collect into _shocks_ or heaps of twelve sheaves.

Shod, 17/6, _pp._ tired.

Sholue, 17/1, _s._ shovel.

Shoo, 102/2, _s._ pl. shoes. A.S. _sceo_, a shoe, pl. _sceon_.

Shot, 114/40, _s._ expense, reckoning.

Showreth out, 14/3, _v. pr. t._ is showery, rainy weather.

Shreaw, 16/17, _s._ thief, rascal, 67/24, _s._ shrew, scold. See Shrew.

Shred pies, 31/3, _s. pl._ mince pies, the meat being cut up into _shreds_. A.S. _screâdan_, small pieces. "No matter for plomb-porridge or _shrid pies_."--Sheppard's Epigrams, 1651.

Shrew, 64*/6, _s._ scold. "Shrewe, _pravus_. Schrewyd, _pravatus, depravatus_."--Prompt. Parv.

Shroftide, 90/3, _s._ Shrove Tuesday, the day before the first day of Lent.

Shrouing, 90/3, _s._ to be merry, probably derived from the sports and merriment of Shrovetide. See Halliwell, s.v. Shrove.

Shut, _v._ 51/5, shoot, throw; 37/13, shoot out, spring up.

Sieth, 35/25, _s._ scythe. A.S. siðe.

Siethes, 39/39, _s. pl._ chives, spelt in Hollyband's Dict. 1593, _sieves_, from Fr. _cive, Allium fissile_, L.

Sirops, 91/3, _s. pl._ sirups.

Siszers, 17/4, _s._ scissors.

Sithe, 17/14, _s._ scythe.

Skare, 2/7, _v._ frighten. Icel. _skirra_ = to drive away.

Skared, 69/4, _pp._ frightened, cheated of.

Skavel, 17/19, _s._ a kind of spade, having its sides slightly turned up, used in draining, and cleaning narrow ditches. Compare _scuffle_, a garden hoe, and _shovel_.

Skep, 17/3, _s._ a basket made of rushes or straw.

Skill, 114/38, _s._ plan, design.

Skillesse, 113/4, _adj._ simple, homely.

Skirrets, 40/19, _s. pl._ the water-parsnip. _Sium latifolium_, contracted from _skirwort_, its older name, a corruption of _sugar-wort_. Ger. _zucker-wurzel_.

Skreene, 90/2, _s._ fire-screen. See note E453.

Skreine, 17/16, _s._ sieve, screen. O. Fr. _escrein_.

Skuppat, 17/19, _s._ a spade used in draining and making narrow ditches. Belgian _schup_, a spade.

Skuttle, 17/16, _s._ a screen for cleaning corn, i.e. a large broad and shallow shovel for casting threshed corn from one side of the barn to the other that light grains and dust may fall short.

Slab, 15/35, _s._ the outside cut of sawn timber.

Slabbered, 48/20, _pp._ dirtied, beslobbered. L. Ger. and Dut. _slabbern_.

Slained, 106/15, _pp._ slain, murdered, but perhaps we should read _stained_.

Slake, 1/4, _v._ to slacken.

Slapsauce, 98/2, _s._ "a parasite."--Minsheu. "A lickedish, a lickerish fellow, a _slapsawce_."--Nomenclator, 1585.

*Slapt, 72_e_, _pp._

Slea, 107/3, _v._ slay, kill. A.S. _slean_.

Sled, 17/11, _s._ sledge, truck. Ger. and Dutch _slede_. Icel. _sledi_. A.S. _slidan_, to slide.

Slept, 90/1, _pp._ slipt, forgotten, omitted.

Slise, 35/20, _v. imp._ slice, cut.

Sliuers, 23/1, _s. pl._ pieces of split wood, chips. A.S. _slifan_.

Slugging, 75/1, _s._ lying late in bed.

Sluts, 75/5, _s. pl._ slovens, slatterns. Ger. _schlutte_. Dutch _slet_.

Smack, 57/24, a pleasant repast.

Smalach, 45/20, _s._ celery, or water parsley. The _small ache_ or parsley as compared with the _hipposelinum_ or great parsley.

Small nuts, 34/22, Smalnut, 33/57, _s._ hazel nuts.

Snag dragons, 43/30, _s. pl._ snapdragons, so called from its corolla resembling the _snap_ or snout. Dut. _sneb_ of some animal. Called by Lyte "Calf's snowte."

Snorting, 9/16, _adj._ snoring, sleepy. A.S. _snora_, a snoring.

Snudgeth, 62/2, _v. pr. t._ is economical or saving, or, works quietly or snugly. In Lanc. _snidge_. A.S. _snid_. Danish _snedig_, cunning. 'Thus your husbandrye, methincke, is much more like the life of a covetous _snudge_, that ofte very evill proves, then the labour of a goode husbande, that knoweth well what he doth."--Ascham, Toxophilus, p. 6.

Sockle, 35/30, _v. imp._ suckle, provide with milk.

Sod, 22/27, _pp._ boiled.

Soketh, 19/2, _v. pr. t._ wets, soaks.

Soles, 17/21, _s. pl._ a collar of wood, put round the neck of cattle to confine them to the post.

Sollen, 89/13, _adj._ sullen, sulky.

Soller, 57/5, _s._ garret, loft, or upper room. "_Solarium_, an upper room, chamber, or garret which in some parts of England is still called a _sollar_."--Kennett, Gloss. p. 134.

Sooth, 10/61, _v._ to flatter.

Sops in wine, 43/31, _s._ a kind of pink resembling a carnation; the clove pink. "The rose and speckled flowre cald sops-in-wine."--The Affectionate Shepheard, 1594.

Sorell, 39/36, _s._ sorrell. Fr. _surelle_, a dimin. from L. Ger. _suur_ = sour, from the acidity of the leaves. _Rumex acetosa_, L.

Sost, 48/20, _pp._ dirty, foul. "Of any one that mixes several slops, or makes any place wet or dirty, we say in Kent, he makes a _soss_."--Kennett MS.

Souse, 12/5, _s._ pig's feet and ears pickled.

Soutage, 57/51, _s._ bagging for hops, or coarse cloth. See More's MS. Additions to Ray's North Country Gloss.

Southly, 16/20, _adv._ facing the south.

Sowce, 19/37, _v. imp._ steep in brine, pickle.

Sower, 35/51, _adj._ sour.

Spare, 113/3, _v._ economize, be sparing.

Spareth, 10/35, _v. pr. t._ are economical, save.

Spars, 33/16, _s. pl._ rafters.

Speedfull, 52/13, _adj._ useful, profitable.

Speeding, 2/10, _s._ progress, success.

Speered, 84/5, _pp._ sprouted, a term in malting. "I _spyer_ as corne dothe whan it begynneth to waxe rype, _je espie_."--Palsgrave.

Spent, 15/41, _pp._ used, consumed.

Sperage, 40/18, _s._ asparagus. Lemery in his Treatise on Foods, 1704, gives as the etymology: _ab aspergendo_, sprinkling, because 'tis convenient to water them!

Spials, 64/12, _s. pl._ spies. Fr. _épier_. O. Fr. _espier_, whence our _espy, spy_. Low Lat. _espia_.

Spide, 2/9, _v. pr. t._ beheld, saw.

Spight, 57/13, _s._ as a spite or grief to.

Spight, 97/6, _v._ spite, be unpropitious.

Spil, 102/6, _v. pr. t._ spoil, ruin.

Spilled, 50/6, Spilt, 56/54, _pp._ ruined, spoilt. A.S. _spillan_.

Spring, 48/11, _s._ young buds of felled underwood.

Spurlings, 12/5, _s. pl._ smelts. "Spurlin, a smelt, Fr. _esperlan_."--Skinner. Sparling, smelts of the Thames.--Brockett's N. C. Glossary. "First a sprat, then a small sparling, then a sparling."--R. Holme, p. 325.

Squatteth, 16/38, _v. pr. t._ sit or crouch down. Welsh _yswatian_, to squat, lie flat.

Squier, 10/57, _s._ squire, gentleman.

Stadled, 48/8, _pp._ "to stadle a Wood is to leave at certain distances a sufficient number of young trees to replenish it."--T.R.

Staddles, 47/9, Stadles, 48/9, _s. pl._ young growing trees left after cutting underwood.

Staid, 2/8, _v. pt. t._ kept, detained.

Staie, 10/7, _s._ means of support.

Staie, 19/40, _v._ prevent, stop.

Staied, 60/9, _adj._ steady, staid.

Stalfed, 21/11, _adj._ stall-fattened.

Stamp, 18/48, _v. imp._ bruise, pound.

Stands thee upon, 10/39, are suitable, proper for. To _stand_ a person _on_ is _to be incumbent_ upon him, _it is his duty_.--Wilbraham, Gloss. of Cheshire Words, 1818.

Star of Bethlehem, 43/34, _s._ Star of Bethlehem. _Ornithogalum umbellatum_, a bulbous plant having a white star-like flower, like pictures of the stars that indicated Our Lord's birth.

Star of Jerusalem, 43/35, _s._ perhaps sunflower or turn-sole. Ital. _girasole_, familiarized into _Jerusalem_.

Stay, 114/31, _s._ rest, quiet.

Steade, 63/3, _s._ in steade = to advantage.

*Stede, 19, _v._ suffice, profit.

Steelie, 19/12, _adj._ hard, firm.

Steepe, 46/6, _adj._ a steepe = steeply.

Steeres, 36/8, _s. pl._ oxen in their third year. A.S. _steor_.

Sterue, 103/4, _v._ starve, perish. A.S. _steorfan_.

*Steruelings, 50, _s. pl._ half-starved animals.

Stick, 16/34, _v. imp._ to stick boards = to arrange them neatly one upon another with sticks between.--T.R.

Still, 33/53, _v. imp._ quiet, stop from growing.

Still, 44/1, _v._ distill.

Still, 50/33, _s._ a still. Lat. _stilla_, a drop.

Stinted, 95/4, _pp._ appointed, settled.

Stirre, 77/6, _v._ move quickly, bestir herself.

Stitchwort, 45/23, _s._ stitchwort, chickweed, _Stellaria media_, Linn.

Stocke gilleflowers, 43/36, _s._ now shortened to stock, from stock, the trunk or woody stem of a tree or shrub, added to _gilliflower_ to distinguish it from plants of the pink tribe, called, from their scent, _Clove-gilleflowers_.

Stocks, 22/13, _s. pl._ young trees.

Stoutnes, 9/9, _s._ force.

Stouer, 20/16, _s._ winter food for cattle, fodder from thrashed corn, whether straw, chaff, or colder (broken ears of corn), from the Old French _estavoir, estovoir, estouvier_, A.N. _estovers_, or _estouvoir_, which denotes, according to Roquefort (Glossaire de la langue Romane), 'provision de tout ce qui est nécessaire.'

Strangenes, 3/1, _s._ strangeness.

Strawforke, 17/1, _s._ a pitchfork.

Strawisp, 19/38, _s._ wisps of straw.

Streight waies, 114/8, _adv._ at once.

Strike, 16/9, _v. pr. t._ striking is the last ploughing before the seed is committed to the earth.--M.

Strike, 17/1, _s._ a bushel measure. "Robert Webb of Shottre oweth me iiij_s._ iiij_d._ lent hym in money for making ix _strycke_ and a half of malt."--Will of John Cocks of Stratford-on-Avon, dated May 27th, 1600.

Stripe, 57/5, _s._ "beating upon a Hurdle or some other rough thing."--T.R.

Stroieng, 48/17, _s._ destruction, injury. O. Fr. (_de_)_struire_. Lat. _struere_.

Stroken, 35/31, _pp._ stroked, kindly treated.

Strowing, 42/1, _adj._ for strewing.

Stroyal, 10/23, _s._ waste all, wasteful.

Stub, 35/9, _s._ stump, buie at the stub = buy on the ground. A.S. _stybb_, allied to Lat. _stipes_.

Stub, 33/47, _v. imp._ grub up.

"And badd hym take a mattock anon, And _stubbe_ the olde rote away, That had stonde there many a day." --MS. Cantab. Ff. ii. 38, f. 129.

Stud, 33/16, _s._ the uprights in a lath and plaster wall. "In manie places there are not above foure, six, or nine inches between _stud_ and _stud_."--Harrison, Pt. I, p. 233.

Stur, 62/6, _v._ move about, exert.

Sturs, 63/16, _s. pl._ disturbances, commotions.

Substanciallie, 9/23, _adv._ in reality, truly.

Subtiltie, 9/17, _s._ cunning, artfulness, deceit.

Sucker, 23/4, _s._ assistance, help, succour.

Suckerie, 91/2, Suckery, 39/38, _s._ succory, the wild endive, chicory. Fr. _chicorée_, often replaced by fraudulent dealers with dandelion roots, _Cichorium Intybus_, L.

Sudgerne, 10/8, _v._ settle down. Fr. _sojourner_. Cf. Barbour's Bruce, E. E. Text Soc. ed. Skeat, 6/26, 16/47, and 20/356.

Suer, 84/3, _adj._ sure, careful. O. Fr. _seur, segur_. Lat. _securus_.

Suerty, 9/24, _s._ being security or surety.

Suite, 18/49, _s._ description, kind.

Suretie, 10/28, _s._ security, bail.

Swage, 114/26, _v._ assuage.

Swatches, 57/18, _s. pl._ rows or ranks of barley, etc.

Swathes, 55/2, _s. pl._ the line of grass or corn cut and thrown together by the scythe in mowing. Cotgrave gives: "_Gerber des javelles_ to bind corne of _swath_ into sheaues, to sheaue vp corne." "Fœni striga. Monceaux de foin par ordre. The _swathe_ or strake of grasse, as it lyeth mowne downe with the sithe."--Nomenclator.

Sweate, 56/20, _s._ a sweating, _i.e._ feel the effects of the heat.

Sweete Johns, 43/33, _s._ a species of _Dianthus_ or pink, called also _Sweet John's-wort_.

Swerue, 96/42, _s._ fail, depart.

Swill, 78/5, _s._ hog's-wash.

Swim, 10/59, _v._ to abound, to overflow.

Swinge, 52/16, _v. imp._ cut down with the long swinging scythe used for that purpose.

T.

Tack, 12/3, Tacke, 76/3, _s._ substance. A tough piece of meat is said to have plenty of _tack_ in it.

Taile, 77/8, _s._ back.

Taint wormes, 65/3, _s. pl._ "A small red spider called _taint_ is by the country people accounted a deadly poison to cows and horses."--Sir T. Browne.

Tale, 83/4, _s._ tally, reckoning.

Talent, 59/9, _s._ the gifts and powers entrusted by God. Of course the reference is to the Parable.

Tallie, 78/2, _s._ score, bill, charge.

Tallwood, 53/12, _s._ wood cut for billets. "Tall woode, pacte wodde to make byllettes of, _taillee_."--Palsgrave.

Tampring, 17/16, _v._ tempering, mixing, thus the Bible speaks of "_untempered_ mortar."

Tane, 66/1, _pp._ taken.

Tanzie, 39/40, _s._ tansy, _Tanacetum vulgare_, Linn.

Tapple up taile, 21/14. See note E125.

Tarie, 16/11, _v._ delay, keep back.

Tarragon, 40/21, _s._ tarragon. _Tragum vulgare_.--Gerard's Herball. Used for perfuming vinegar in France. O. Fr. _targon_.

Tarrie, 85/1, _v._ wait for, await.

Tawnie, 43/3, _adj._ yellowish.

Ted, 54/1, _v._ to spread abroad new-cut grass. "I teede hay, I tourne it afore it is made in cockes, _je fene_."--Palsgrave.

Tedder, 10/9, _s._ tether, "live within one's tether" = "within the limits of one's income."

Teddered, 16/33, _pp._ tethered, tied up.

Teemes, 58/6, _s. pl._ teams.

Tell, 50/30, _v. imp._ count.

Temmes lofe, 16/11, _s._ "that made of a mixture of wheat and rye out of which the coarser bran is taken."--T.R. "_Miche_, a fine manchet; the country people of France call so also a loafe of boulted bread or _tems_ bread."--Cotgrave.

Temper, 91/2, _s._ condition.

Tend, 10/39, _v. imp._ attend.

Tendance, 56/53, _s._ attention, care.

Tendeth, 62/3, _v. pr. t._ attends to, looks after.

Tere, 19/30, _s._ tares.

Thacke, 53/12, _s._ thatch, roof covering. "Erige, holme or _thacke_."--Huloet, 1552. "Thakke, _tegmen, tectura_."--Vocab. MS.

Thacker, 36/24, _s._ thatcher. "A proud _thacker_ of Theeva would laugh them to scorn."--Pilkington's Works, 381.

Thee, 10/8, _v._ thrive, prosper. "A very late example of this word; at this time it was nearly obsolete. A.S. _théon_, to thrive, flourish.

"God that sittis in trinite, Gyffe thaym grace wel to _the_ That lystyns me a whyle." --MS. Cantab., Ff. v. 48, f. 47.

Theeuerie, 86/12, _s._ dishonesty.

Thencrease, 21/2, for the encrease = the increase, gain.

Thend, 19/40, for "the end."

Thetch, 57/32, _s._ thatch.

Thicker, 74/2, _adv._ more frequently.

Thies, 49/_c, s. pl._ thighs, limbs. A.S. _theoh_. Icel. _thio_.

Thiller, 17/4, the shaft-horse, also the last horse in a team. A.S. _thil_, a pole or shaft. "Thylle horse, _veredus_."--Prompt. Parv.

Thoes, 19/40, pr. those.

Thon, 110, the one.

Thorow, 15/15, _v._ pass through.

Thother, 110, the other.

Thresh, 90/3, _v. imp._ whip, thrash.

Thresher, 86/13, _s._ a duster of furniture.

Thrift, page 3, _s._ fortune, success, prosperity. Icel. _thrif_.

Thriftie, 59/1, _adj._ thrifty, economical.

Thrift's ladder, 57/30, _s._ the ladder or road to fortune.

Thry-fallowing, 56/1, _s._ "the third fallow; perhaps also cross-fallowing."--Mavor. "The third plowing of a summer fallow."--T.R.

Thwack, 18/3, _v. imp._ thump, beat together.

Tiburne stretch, 114/35, an execution. See note E498.

Tide, 63/2, _pp._ tied, fastened.

Tidie, 57/22, _adj._ "An old word signifying neat, proper, or in season, from the word Tide."--T.R.

Tieth, 56/19, _s._ tithe.

Tilman, 16/4, _s._ farm labourers, ploughmen, etc.

Tilth, 4/2, _s._ tillage, cultivation. A.S. _tilð_, from _tilian_, to till.

Tilth, 47/2, the ground tilled.

Tilture, 38/21, _s._ tillage, cultivation.

Time, 39/41, _s._ thyme. θυμος [Greek: thymos], from θυω [Greek: thuo], fumigate, and identical with Lat. _fumus_, from its being used in sacrifices.

Timelie, 55/9, _adv._ in time.

Timely, 16/19, _adv._ early, soon.

Tine, 50/18, _s._ wild vetch or tare, a plant that _tines_ or encloses and imprisons other plants. _Vicia hirsuta_.

Tith, 56/12, _s._ tithe.

Tithers, 10/52, _s. pl._ payers of tithes.

Tithing, 10/52, _s._ paying tithes or dues.

Tits, 15/6, _s. pl._ horses. The phrase "a nice _tit_" is still in use.

Titters, 50/18, _s. pl._ a noxious weed amongst corn.

Tittle tattle, 22/3, chattering, gossipping.

To, 18/6, _prep._ for, as.

Tode, with an R, 62/17, _s._ See note E384.

Toesed, 114/5, _pp._ pulled, pinched. Cf. "to _tease_, or card wool." A.S. _tæsan_, to pull, pluck.

Toieng, 61/1, _pr. p._ playing, amusing ourselves.

Toies, 57/34, _s. pl._ amusements, occupations.

Toile, 2/11, _s._ labour, work.

Tolleth, 55/12, _v. pr. t._ takes toll.

Ton, ... tother, 55/8, the one ... the other.

Tone, 10/10, the one.

Tooteth, 94/2, _v. pr. t._ looks or strives anxiously. "_Tooting_ and prying."--Taylor's Workes, 1630, i. 119.

Toppingly, 49/1, _adj._ ?

Tost, 2/11, _v. pt. t._ agitated, harassed. Cf. _tease_.

Touch, 57/43, _s._ faith, honour, to keep touch, to keep faith, perform a promise. The phrase occurs in the Ballad of "George Barnwell," line 42.

Traie, 17/16, _s._ a mason's hod.

Traine, 32/2, _s._ draw. Fr. _trainer_, from L. Lat. _trahinare_, from Lat. _trahere_.

Transpose, 59/10, _v._ arrange, dispose of.

Trauell, page 2, _s._ labour, work. Fr. _travail_.

Trauerse, 59/2, _v._ start upon, proceed upon.

Treachery, 9/27, _s._ breach of faith, perfidy.

Treene, 85/10, _adj._ wooden.

Trew, 113/2, _adj._ true.

Trick, 15/35,_ adj._ neat, clean, tidy.

Tricketh, 94/5, _v. pr. t._ dresses up, furnishes.

Trickly, 73/3, _adj._ neat, tidy.

Trim, 23/9, _v._ repair.

Trim, 3/2, _adv._ quickly, at once, easily. A.S. _trum_.

Trimlie, 57/34, _adv._ neatly, cleanly.

Trinkets, 17/5, _s. pl._ porringers (Halliwell), Ray gives: counterfeits and trinkets, _s. pl._ porringers and saucers. Cheshire. See note in Prompt. Parv.

Triue, 59/2, _v. pr. t._ (for contrive), attempt, try.

Troffe, 17/9, _s._ a trough.

Trope, 28/2, _s._ a phrase. From Greek τροπὸς [Greek: tropos], a turning, lit., the use of a word or expression in a different sense from that which properly belongs to it.

Troth, 1/1, _s._ truth. See an article on the derivation of this word in "Leaves from a Word Hunter's Note Book," by Rev. A. S. Palmer, 1876, p. 73.

Trowleth, 59/6, _v. pr. t._ helps on, moves towards. Welsh _troliaw_, to _troll_ or trundle.

Trudge, 73/20, _v._ go, be spent.

Trudgeth, 10/21, _v. pr. t._ labours, journey's far.

Trull, 36/4, _s._ girl, lass.

Trustilie, 9/22. _adv._ confidingly.

Tullie, 112/5, Cicero.

Tumb, 106/15, _s._ the tomb, grave.

Tumbrel, 16/7, _s._ a tumbril, a dung-cart.

Turfe, 52/12, _s._ turf, peat. "Turfe of flagge, swarde of the erthe, _cespes_."--Prompt. Parv. "A Turfe, _cespes_."--Cathol. Angl.

Turnebroch, 80/2, _s._ Before the introduction of _jacks_, spits were turned either by dogs trained for the purpose, or by lads kept in the family, or hired, as occasion arose, to turn the spit, or _broach_. These boys were the _Turn-broaches_. See Halliwell.

Turn up, 46/18, _v._ deck, ornament.

Twelftide, 90/2, _s._ Twelfth Day, i.e. January 6th, twelve days after Christmas. "At the city of New Sarum is a very great faire for cloath at _Twelftyde_ called Twelfe Market."--Aubrey's Wilts. MS. Roy. Soc. p. 333.

Twifallow, 50/23, _v. imp._ till twice, plough twice. See Thry-fallowing.

Twiggers, 35/28, _s. pl._ first-class breeders. See Halliwell, s.v.

Twigging, 35/28, _s._ fast breeding.

Twinlings, 35/28, _s. pl._ twins (according to Dr. Mavor, but see note E177).

Twinning, 35/28, _s._ bearing twins.

Twise, 59/11, _adv._ twice.

Twitcher, 17/17, _s._ instruments used for clinching the _hog-rings_.--Mavor.

Twitchis, 53/2, _s._ pl. wounds, cuts.

U.

Undeskanted, 10/39, _pp._ untalked of.

Vndooeth, 10/46, _v._ ruins, destroys.

Vnfainedlie, 9/38, _adv._ unfeignedly, in truth.

Vnlustie, 19/24, _adj._ poor.

Vnmeete, 57/5, _adj._ unfit. A.S. _unmæte_.

Vnsauerie, 9/15, _adj._ wasteful, ruinous.

Vnshaken, 16/34, _adj._ perfect, in good order, free from _shakes_.

Vnspilt, 16/8, _pp._ not wasted.

Vntackle, 23/6, _v._ unyoke.

Vntangled, 57/50, _pp._ freed from the hop vines.

Vnthrift, 6/3, _s._ a prodigal, spendthrift.

Vnthriftely, 9/30*, _adv._ wastefully.

Vsher, 10/17, _s._ doorkeeper. O. Fr. _ussier, huissier_, from _uis, huis_, a door.

V.

Vaine, 18/8, _s._ liking, fancy.

Vainfull, 2/13, _adj._ vain, fickle.

Valerian, 45/24, _s._ Valerian. _Valeriana officinalis_, Linn.

Vance, 114/7, _v._ advance.

Vantage, 3/7, _s._ advantage, profit.

Vegetiue, 55/7, _adj._ belonging to the plant.

Vent, 19/27, _s._ sale, disposal. Fr. _vente_, from Lat. _vendere, venditum_, to sell. "There is no _vent_ for any commoditie except wool."--Sir W. Temple.

Venter, 83/4, _v._ venture, risk.

Ventrest, 19/35, _v. pr. t._ risk, venture.

Vergis, 18/42, _s._ verjuice, the juice of crab-apples, or other unripe fruit. Fr. _verjus_, from _vert_, green and _jus_, juice.

Verie, 92/4, _adj._ true, real.

Verlets, 63/18, _s. pl._ rascals, scoundrels. O. Fr. _varlet, vaslet_, now _valet_.

Vermin, 33/7, _v._ destroy the vermin.

Vew, 114/24, _s._ view, sight.

Vewe, 75/7, _v._ view, examine.

Vice, 64/19, _s._ buffoon. The fool or punchinello of old shows. "Light and lascivious poems, uttered by these buffoons or _vices_ in plays."--Puttenham, ii. 9, p. 69.

Villeny, 9/21, _s._ unfair or mean treatment.

Vitleth, 97/1, _v. pr. t._ eats, dines.

Vittels, 57/39, _s. pl._ provisions, food.

Voyd, 64*/4, _v._ avoid.

W.

Wadling, 35/45, _s._ wattling, wattled fence. "Wattles are wood slit."--T.R.

Wadmus (? Wadmul), page 37, note 1, a very thick, coarse kind of woollen cloth, made originally of Iceland wool. Icel. _vadmâl_. Halliwell, s.v. _Wadmal_.

Wag, 87/3, _s._ messenger.

Waid, 114/40, _pp._ considered, reflected on.

Waieth, 99/5, Waith, 101/5, _v. pr. t._ considers, reflects.

Waight, 56/24, _v. pr. t._ watch, wait about.

Waights, 10/44, _s._ weights, measures.

Waight, 99/1, _v._ attend or wait at table.

Waine, 48/22, _v. imp._ fetch, bring, lit. to convey in a _wain_ or wagon.

Waine, 16/7, _s._ waggon. A.S. _wæn, wägen_.

Wake day, 90/5, _s._ a village festival, kept originally on the day of the dedication of the parish church. See note E455.

Walke, 48/17, _s._ pasturing.

Wallow, 102/2, _v. pr. t._ make dirty, cover.

Wand, 33/45, _v. imp._ inclose with poles.

Wanteth, 94/8, _v. pr. t._ is in want.

Wantey, 17/5, _s._ a rope or leathern girdle, by which burdens are tied to the back of a horse; _wamb-tie_, a belly-band.

Wanton, 90/5, _s._ merry girl. O. E. _wantowen_, from _wan-_, prefix signifying lack or _want_, and _togen_, _pp._ of _teon_, to educate.

Wardens, 34/26, _s. pl._ a large baking pear. "I would have him roasted like a _warden_."--Beau. and Flet.

Warely, 115/2, _adv._ carefully, warily.

Wares, 22/19, _s. pl._ productions.

Warily, 10/34, _adv._ discreetly, cautiously. A.S. _wær_.

Warrener, 33/7, _s._ the keeper of a warren.

Wart, 114/5, _v. pr. t._ wert, wast.

Waster, 79/1, _s._ wasteful.

Water furrow, 19/7, _v. imp._ draw furrows across the ridges in the lowest part of the ground to act as drains or water-courses. "A watir furre, _elix_."--Cathol. Anglicum.

Water-retting, 16/25, _s._ retting is the process of steeping flax in water to separate the fibres. "Rettyn tymber, hempe or other like, _rigo, infundo_."--Prompt. Parv.

Wayest, 10/4, _v._ considerest.

Weather, 57/5, _v. imp._ dry in the open air.

Weene, 67/12, _v. pr. t._ think. A S. _wenan_.

Webster, 15/17, _s._ a weaver. A.S. _webbestre_, a female weaver.

*Wedehoke, 79, _s._ a weeding tool.

Weeles, 36/31, _s. pl._ snares or traps for fish made of osiers or twigs. "A weele, a wicker net, wherewith fishes being once entred, there is no way for them to get out; a bow net."--Nomenclator.

"There plenty is of roches, bleakes, or eeles, Which fishermen catche in their nets and weeles." --Newe Metamorphosis, 1600.

Wefte, 84/1, _s._ a loss.

Well a fine, 114/19, to a good end or purpose.

Welthines, 10/36, _s._ plenty, wealth.

Wenches, 57/34, _s. pl._ girls.

Wennel, 20/28, _s._ a calf just _weaned_. "A lambe, or a kidde, or a _weanell_ wast."--Spenser, Shep. Cal. September.

Wether, 90/7, _s._ weather.

Wheat plums, 34/27, _s. pl._ a large fleshy plum, sometimes called the bastard Orleans plum.

Wheele ladder, 17/6, _s._ "probably a frame on the side of a cart to support hay or corn when the load is to be increased."--Mavor.

Whelpe, 95/2, _s._ child.

Whereas, 21/25, _adv._ wherever.

Whight, 15/12, _adj._ white.

Whinnes, 53/12, _s. pl._ whin, furze.

Whipstock, 21/14, _s._ the handle of a whip.

"Bought you a whistle, and a _whip-stalk_ too, To be revenged on their villainies." --Span. Tragedy, iii. 180.

Whist, 64*/10, _v._ be silent, be hushed. "Keepe the _whisht_, and thou shalt heare it the sooner."--Terence in Eng. 1641.

Whit, 2/4, _s._ a point, no whit, not in the slightest degree. A.S. _wiht_, a creature, thing. Gothic _waiht_.

Whitch, 35/6, which sort.

Whit leather, 17/4, _s._ leather dressed with alum, salt, etc., remarkable for its pliability and toughness. "I think I'm as hard as a nut, and as tough as _whit-leather_."--Howitt.

Whitemeat, Whitmeat, 47/20, _s._ eggs, milk, butter, cheese, etc.

Wicket, 77/9, _s._ mouth.

Wight, 3/6, _s._ person, man. A.S. _wiht_. Gothic _waiht_.

Wild otes fantasie, 9/30*, the fancies or excesses of youth. Cf. "sowing his wild oats."

Wiles, 114/18, _s. pl._ tricks, deceits.

Wilfull, 35/4, _adj._ ready, hasty.

Wimble, 17/6, _s._ auger. "An auger or _wimble_, wherwith holes are bored, _terebra_ and _terebrum_."--Baret's Aluearie, 1580. _Gimlet_ is the dimin. from _wimble_.

Wine, 51/21, _v. imp._ win, make to please.

Wit, 16/3, _s._ sense, good judgment. A.S. _witt_.

Wither, 57/20, _v._ dry.

Wonne, 75/3, _pp._ managed, made up.

Wood, 13/5, _adj._ mad. A.S. _wod_.

Woodrofe, 44/17, _s._ sweet woodruff, _Asperula odorata_. A.S. _wudurôfe_.

Woodsere, 51/6, _s._ the month or season for cutting wood; but see next word. "If wood be cut after the sunne decline from us till he come to the equinoctial (which time they call _woodsere_), it will never grow againe."--Heydon, Def. of Astrology, 1603.

Woodsere, 53/15, _s._ "By woodsere is meant decayed or hollow Pollards."--T.R.; but in his note to this passage he says, "Woodsere is the season of felling wood."--T.R.

Woorser, 10/32, Worser, 63/15, _adv._ worse, a double comparative. A.S. _wyrsa_.

Woorth, 113/7, _s._ in worth = for what I am worth, _i.e._ as I can, what I can get.

Wot, 94/4, _ v. pr. t._ ye know not what, an indefinite expression.

Wote, 10/21, _v. pr. t._ know. A.S. _witan_; _pt. t. Ic wat_, I know.

Wounder, 2/2, _s._ wounder, slayer. A.S. _wundian_, to wound.

Wrall, 101/4, _v. pr. t._ quarrel.

Wraught, 114/35, _pp._ supplied, furnished.

Wrauling, 92/1, _s._ quarrelling.

Wrecke, 115/2, _v._ wreak, vent. A.S. _wrecan_.

Wrest, 11/1, _v._ turn, force away.

Wrest, 10/61, _v._ steal away, plunder.

Wresting, 89/13, _s._ struggling for, fighting for.

Wright, 68/1, _v._ write.

Wringer, 2/13, _s._ extortioner.

Write, 86/10, _v. imp._ mark, write the name on.

Wud, 33/16, _s._ wood. A.S. _wudu_.

Wull, 35/21, _s._ wool. A.S. _wull_. Gothic _wulla_.

Y.

Yarn, 21/13, _v. pr. t._ earn. A.S. _gearnian_.

Yeane, 33/21, _v._ bring forth young. A.S. _eanian_.

Yeerlie, 63/21, _adv._ ? = yarely, readily. A.S. _gearu_. O. L. Ger. _garu_.

Yerke, 64*/9, _v._ kick, wince. "They flirt, they _yerk_, they backward fling."--Drayton. "_Tire_, a kick, yark, jerk, jert."--Cotgrave.