Chapter XXVII (6)

+----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | FOOTNOTES: | | | | [1] The full titles of books and papers referred to in footnotes | | distinguished by the addition of A after the date are given in the | | Bibliography at the end of Volume I. | | | | [2] Chap. XI. | | | | [3] _ibid_. p. 405. | | | | [4] Sternberg (23) A. p. 33, Pl. XXVI. figs. 4 _a_, 4 _b_. | | | | [5] Scott (05) p. 34. | | | | [6] Zeiller (88) A. Pl. LXII. figs. 2—4. | | | | [7] Vol. I., p. 397. | | | | [8] Kidston (01) p. 128, fig. 25; (02) p. 361, fig. 13. | | | | [9] Bower (08) p. 404, fig. 221. | | | | [10] Kidston (91) p. 59, Pl. I.; (01) p. 123, fig. 22. | | | | [11] Scott (05). | | | | [12] See also Browne, Lady Isabel (09) p. 4. | | | | [13] Williamson and Scott (94) A. p. 911. | | | | [14] Thoday (06). | | | | [15] Scott (97) A.; see also Scott (00) p. 106. | | | | [16] The term metaxylem may be conveniently applied to the primary | | xylem other than protoxylem; the latter is usually but by no means | | invariably characterised by spiral thickening bands. | | | | [17] Scott (05) p. 21 (footnote). | | | | [18] Vol. I. p. 354, fig. 95, C. | | | | [19] Williamson (72) Pl. XLIV. p. 297, figs. 29, 30. | | | | [20] ‘Exarch’ denotes that the protoxylem is on the outside of | | the primary xylem; ‘endarch’ that it is on the inner edge or in a | | central position; ‘mesarch’ that it is internal, either near the | | inner or the outer edge of the metaxylem. | | | | [21] Nathorst (02) p. 24. | | | | [22] Heer (71) p. 32, Pls. I—VI. | | | | [23] Scott (07) p. 155. | | | | [24] Thomas, A. P. W. (02) p. 350. | | | | [25] Bower (04) p. 227; (08) p. 424. | | | | [26] See p. 19. | | | | [27] Scott (00) p. 499. | | | | [28] Bower (94) p. 545. | | | | [29] Thomas (02). See also Sykes (08). | | | | [30] Sykes (08). | | | | [31] Boodle (04); see _postea_ p. 21. | | | | [32] Bower (08) p. 426. | | | | [33] Lignier (03); (08). | | | | [34] Tansley (08) p. 26, who refers to similar views held by | | Potonié and by Hallier. | | | | [35] On the morphology of Sporangiophores, see also Benson (08²) | | and Scott, D. H. (09) p. 623. | | | | [36] Scott (00). | | | | [37] Thomas (02). | | | | [38] Bower (08) p. 398. | | | | [39] Dangeard (91) and Bertrand, C. E. (81) recognise other species | | of _Tmesipteris_, but it is doubtful how far such differences as | | exist are worthy of specific recognition. | | | | [40] Baker (87) A. p. 30. | | | | [41] Thomas (02) p. 349. | | | | [42] Another form of abnormality in the sporophylls of _Psilotum_ | | has recently been described by Miss Sykes. Sykes (08²). | | | | [43] Bertrand, C. E. (81); Ford (04). | | | | [44] Boodle (04). | | | | [45] See p. 150. | | | | [46] Bertrand (81); Jennings and Hall (91). | | | | [47] Sykes (08). | | | | [48] _ibid._ (08). | | | | [49] Lignier (08). | | | | [50] Bower (94); (08). | | | | [51] Bertrand (81) p. 254. | | | | [52] Münster (42) p. 108, Pl. XIII. fig. 11; Pl. XV. fig. 20. | | | | [53] Schimper (70) A. p. 75. | | | | [54] Goldenberg (55) p. 13, Pl. II. fig 7. | | | | [55] Kidston (86²). | | | | [56] Hollick (94) p. 255, figs. 12, 13. | | | | [57] Lesquereux (78) Pl. V. fig. 11. | | | | [58] Since this was written I have had an opportunity of seeing | | a leaf labelled _Tmesipteris_ from the Tertiary plant-beds of | | Florissant in a collection recently acquired by the British Museum: | | the specimen bears no resemblance to a leaf of the recent genus. | | | | [59] Marion (90). | | | | [60] Potonié (93) A. p. 197, Pls. XXVII., XXVIII., XXXIII. | | | | [61] Potonié (91); (93) A. p. 197. | | | | [62] Geinitz (73) p. 700, Pl. III. figs. 5–7. | | | | [63] Seward and Gowan (00) p. 137; Seward and Ford (06) p. 374. | | | | [64] Dawson (59) A. p. 478, fig. 1. | | | | [65] _ibid._ (71) A. p. 38. | | | | [66] Solms-Laubach (95) A. | | | | [67] Dawson (71) A. Cf. Pl. XI. figs. 131, 134, etc. | | | | [68] Carruthers (73). | | | | [69] Goeppert (52) A. | | | | [70] Carruthers (73). | | | | [71] White (02). | | | | [72] Crépin (75). | | | | [73] Stur (75) A. p. 33. | | | | [74] Carruthers (73). | | | | [75] Gilkinet (75) figs. 2–5. | | | | [76] Penhallow (92) p. 8. | | | | [77] Smith and White (05) p. 58, Pls. V. VI. | | | | [78] Kidston (86²) p. 232. | | | | [79] Stur (81) Pls. III. IV. | | | | [80] Jahn (03) p. 77. | | | | [81] Smith and White (05) p. 63. | | | | [82] Nathorst (02) p. 15, Pl. I. figs. 18–35. | | | | [83] For a general account of recent Lycopodiales see Pritzel (02); | | Campbell (05); Bower (08). | | | | [84] Bruchmann (97). | | | | [85] Treub (84–90); see also Lang (99) and Bruchmann (98). | | | | [86] See Baker (87) A. | | | | [87] The Rose of Jericho is _Anastatica Hierochuntina_ L. a | | Cruciferous plant. | | | | [88] Baker (87) A. p. 34. | | | | [89] Vines (88). | | | | [90] Scott and Hill (00). | | | | [91] For _Phylloglossum_, see Bertrand (82); Bower (94), (08); | | Campbell (05). | | | | [92] Treub (84–90); Bruchmann (98); Lang (99). | | | | [93] Sykes (08³). | | | | [94] Bommer (03) Pl. IX. figs. 140, 141. | | | | [95] Hooker (48) p. 423, figs. 12–14. | | | | [96] Jones (05). | | | | [97] Boodle (01) Pl. XIX. | | | | [98] This species is figured under the name _Lycopodium crassum_ by | | Hooker and Greville (31) Pl. 224. See also Brongniart (37) Pl. I. | | fig. 1. | | | | [99] Hegelmaier (72). See also Hill, T.G. (06) p. 269; this author | | draws attention to the fact that in some species of _Lycopodium_ | | the mucilage canals are confined to the sporophylls. | | | | [100] Professor Yapp has drawn my attention to the very close | | anatomical resemblance between a specimen of _Lycopodium salakense_ | | obtained by him from Gunong Inas in the Malay Peninsula and _L. | | cernuum_ as represented in fig. 125, H and I. | | | | [101] Jones (05). | | | | [102] Strasburger (73) p. 109; Brongniart (37) Pl. 8; (39) A. Pl. | | 32: Brongniart figures stems of _L. Phlegmaria_ and other species | | showing roots in the cortex. See also Goldenberg (55); Bruchmann | | (74); Saxelby (08). | | | | [103] Since this was written a comparative account of the | | sporophylls of _Lycopodium_ has been published by Miss Sykes. | | [Sykes (08³).] | | | | [104] Bower (94) p. 514; (08). | | | | [105] Seward and Ford (06). | | | | [106] Goebel (05) p. 579. | | | | [107] Bower (94). | | | | [108] _ibid._ (94) Pl. XLVIII. | | | | [109] Kidston (83) Pl. XXXI. figs. 2–4. | | | | [110] Lang (08). | | | | [111] See page 192, and Watson (09). | | | | [112] Lang (08) p. 357. | | | | [113] Bruchmann (97). | | | | [114] Gard. Chron. (82). | | | | [115] Harvey-Gibson (02). | | | | [116] _ibid._ (94) (97) (02). | | | | [117] Bower (93). | | | | [118] Harvey-Gibson (94) p. 152. | | | | [119] _ibid._ (94) p. 194; Scott (96) p. 9. | | | | [120] Bruchmann (97). | | | | [121] The term solenostele, first used by Van Tieghem and revived | | by Gwynne-Vaughan, may be applied to a stem in which the vascular | | tissue has the form of a hollow cylinder with phloem and endodermis | | on each side of the xylem. As each leaf-trace is given off the | | continuity of the vascular tube is interrupted. See Gwynne-Vaughan | | (01) p. 73. | | | | [122] Harvey-Gibson (94) Pl. XII, fig. 93. | | | | [123] Harvey-Gibson (02). | | | | [124] _ibid._ (97). | | | | [125] _ibid._ (96). | | | | [126] Bower (08) p. 315. | | | | [127] Hieronymus (02). | | | | [128] Goebel (05) p. 581. | | | | [129] Lyon (01) p. 135. | | | | [130] See p. 271. | | | | [131] Campbell (05) p. 522. | | | | [132] Motelay and Vendryès (82). | | | | [133] Campbell (05) p. 561. | | | | [134] Scott and Hill (00). | | | | [135] Motelay and Vendryès (82) Pls. XVI, XVII. | | | | [136] Braun (63). | | | | [137] Hill, T. G. (04) (06). | | | | [138] For figures, see Motelay and Vendryès (82); Bennie and | | Kidston (88) Pl. VI. | | | | [139] Solms-Laubach (02). | | | | [140] See Von Mohl (40); Farmer (90). | | | | [141] Von Mohl (40). | | | | [142] Hofmeister (62). | | | | [143] Farmer (90); Scott and Hill (00). | | | | [144] Miss Stokey (09), in a paper which appeared since this | | account was written, criticises the conclusions of Scott and Hill | | (00). | | | | [145] Von Mohl (40). | | | | [146] Saporta (94) p. 134, Pls. XXIV. XXV. XXVII. | | | | [147] Münster (42) p. 107, Pl. IV. fig. 4. | | | | [148] Phillips (29) A Pl X. fig. 12. | | | | [149] Lindley and Hutton A (34) Pl. CXXI. | | | | [150] Nathorst (06); Seward (00) p. 278. | | | | [151] Saporta (88) p. 28, Pl. II. pp. 16–20. | | | | [152] Heer (76) A. | | | | [153] Corda, in Germar (52). | | | | [154] Münster (42) A. | | | | [155] Solms-Laubach (99). | | | | [156] Germar (52). | | | | [157] Bischof (53). | | | | [158] Potonié (01) p. 754; (04) Lief ii. | | | | [159] Goeppert, in Römer (54) Pl. XV. fig. 7. | | | | [160] Spieker (53). | | | | [161] Potonié (_loc. cit._). | | | | [162] Barber (89) Pls. V. VI. | | | | [163] Fitting (07). | | | | [164] Potonié (04) Lief ii. | | | | [165] Weiss, C. E. (86). | | | | [166] Fliche (03). | | | | [167] Vol. I, p. 300. | | | | [168] Halle (07) p. 1. | | | | [169] Feistmantel (75) A. p. 183, Pl. XXX. pp. 1 and 2. | | | | [170] Germar (49) Pl. XXVI; Geinitz (55) A. Pl. I. pp. 5, 6. | | | | [171] Bommer (03) p. 29, Pl. IX, figs. 138–141. | | | | [172] Solms-Laubach (91) A. p. 137. | | | | [173] Zeiller (06) p. 140. | | | | [174] Halle (07). | | | | [175] Brongniart (22) A. p. 304, Pl. VI, fig. 1. | | | | [176] Brongniart (28) A. p. 83. | | | | [177] Brongniart (49) A. p. 40. | | | | [178] Goldenberg (55) p. 9. | | | | [179] Lesquereux (84) A. p. 777. | | | | [180] Kidston (86³) p. 561. | | | | [181] Halle (07). | | | | [182] Renault (69) p. 178, Pls. XII–XIV. | | | | [183] Renault (96) A. p. 249. | | | | [184] Kidston (86³). | | | | [185] Goeppert (52) A. | | | | [186] Kidston (01) p. 38. | | | | [187] Kidston (84) Pl. V; (01) p. 37. | | | | [188] Bower (08) p. 298, fig. 147. | | | | [189] Solms-Laubach (91) A. p. 186. | | | | [190] Penhallow (92) Pl. I. fig. 2, p. 8. | | | | [191] Goeppert (52) p. 440. | | | | [192] Kidston (94) A. p. 254. | | | | [193] Geinitz (55) A. p. 32, Pl. I. fig. 1. | | | | [194] Page 88. | | | | [195] Kidston (01) p. 36, fig. 2, B. | | | | [196] Kidston (01) p. 37, fig. 2, A. | | | | [197] Goldenberg (55) Pl. I. fig. 5. | | | | [198] Halle (07) Pl. I. fig. 5. | | | | [199] Page 89. | | | | [200] Halle (07). | | | | [201] Brodie (45) p. 93. | | | | [202] Buckman in Murchison (45) p. 6. | | | | [203] Buckman (50) p. 415, fig. 2. | | | | [204] Buckman (50) p. 415, fig. 4. | | | | [205] Wickes (00) p. 422. | | | | [206] Sollas (01). | | | | [207] Seward (04) p. 14, Pl. II. figs. 2, 3. | | | | [208] Vol. I. p. 240. | | | | [209] Sollas (01) p. 311. | | | | [210] Seward (04) p. 14. | | | | [211] Halle (07) p. 14, Pl. III. figs. 6–12. | | | | [212] Lindley and Hutton (31) A. Pl. LXI. | | | | [213] Sternberg (38) A. p. 38. | | | | [214] Schimper (70) A. p. 9. | | | | [215] Young and Bird (22) A. Pl. II. fig. 7. | | | | [216] No. 39314, Brit. Mus. | | | | [217] Möller (02) Pl. VI. fig. 21. | | | | [218] Seward (04²) p. 161, Pl. VIII. figs. 2–4. The drawing is | | reproduced twice natural size. | | | | [219] Oldham and Morris (63) Pls. XXXIII. XXXV. | | | | [220] Feistmantel (77) p. 87. | | | | [221] Heer (76) Pl. XV. figs. 1–8. | | | | [222] Nathorst (90) A. Pl. II. fig. 3. Saporta (94) Pls. | | XXIII.–XXVI. Knowlton (98) p. 136. | | | | [223] Lesquereux (78) Pl. V. fig. 12. See also Knowlton _loc. cit._ | | | | [224] Zeiller (06) p. 141, Pls. XXXIX. XLI. | | | | [225] Zeiller (00) p. 1077. | | | | [226] Bennie and Kidston (88) Pl. VI. fig. 22. | | | | [227] Goldenberg (55) Pl. I. fig. 3. | | | | [228] Schimper (70) A. Pl. LVII. fig. 2. | | | | [229] Halle (07). | | | | [230] Goldenberg (55) Pl. I. fig. 2. | | | | [231] Schimper (70) A. p. 10. | | | | [232] Nathorst (08). | | | | [233] Nathorst (02²) p. 5, Pl. I. fig. 1. | | | | [234] Fliche (03). | | | | [235] Fliche (09). | | | | [236] Scott (01). | | | | [237] Rodway (95) A. p. 153. | | | | [238] A good example of an old _Lepidodendron_ stem (_L. | | aculeatum_) is figured by Zalessky (04) Pl. I. fig. 3. | | | | [239] Seward and Ford (06) Pl. XXIII. fig. C. | | | | [240] See Fischer (04). | | | | [241] Bertrand, C. E. (91) p. 84: derived from παρά, by the side | | of, and ἴχνος, trace or foot-print. | | | | [242] Renault (96) A. Pls. XXXIII. XXXIV. p. 178. For a good | | section of another Lepidodendron leaf, see Scott (08) p. 160, figs. | | 64, 65. | | | | [243] Weiss, F. E. (07). | | | | [244] For a fuller account of the parichnos, see Hill, T. G. (06) | | and other papers quoted by F. E. Weiss (07). | | | | [245] Barrois (04). See also Etheridge (80); Geikie (03) p. 1049. | | | | [246] Binney (48). | | | | [247] Darwin (03) vol. II. pp. 217, 220. | | | | [248] Solms-Laubach (92) Pl. II. figs. 2, 4. | | | | [249] Williamson (93) p. 10. | | | | [250] Potonié (05) Lief, iii., p. 41. | | | | [251] Stur (75) A. Heft II. p. 277. | | | | [252] Potonié (05) fig. 4. | | | | [253] Seward and Leslie (08) Pl. X. figs. 1 and 2. | | | | [254] Sternberg (26) A. Pl. XI. figs. 2–4; (02) p. 23. | | | | [255] Corda (45) A. Pls. I.–IV. | | | | [256] Zeiller (92) A. | | | | [257] Kidston (93) p. 561, Pls. I. and II. | | | | [258] Seward (90). | | | | [259] Williamson (93) Pl. IV. figs. 30–32. | | | | [260] Binney (62). | | | | [261] Binney (65); see also Binney (72). | | | | [262] Williamson (72). | | | | [263] Weiss, F. E. and Lomax (05). | | | | [264] Binney (62). | | | | [265] Carruthers (69) p. 179. | | | | [266] Kidston (86) A. p. 151. | | | | [267] Seward (06) p. 372. | | | | [268] Hovelacque (92). | | | | [269] Solms-Laubach (92) Pl. II. fig. 6; Seward and Hill (00) Pl. | | IV. fig. 26. See p. 910 of the latter paper for other references. | | | | [270] Gwynne-Vaughan (08). | | | | [271] Jeffrey (98). See also Tansley (08) p. 37. | | | | [272] Seward (99) p. 144. | | | | [273] Steinberg (26) A. | | | | [274] Goeppert (52) A. p. 196. See also Kidston (01) p. 50. | | | | [275] _ibid._ (52) A. p. 44. Pls. XXX. XXXI. Lief. i and ii. | | | | [276] Balfour (72) A. | | | | [277] Good examples are given by Schmalhausen (77) Pl. III. | | | | [278] Steinhauer (18) A. Pl. IV. fig. 5. | | | | [279] Brongniart (49) A. p. 42. | | | | [280] Goldenberg (55). | | | | [281] Carruthers (73²) p. 6. | | | | [282] Feistmantel (75) A. | | | | [283] Potonié (05) Lief. III. 42–44. | | | | [284] Artis (25) A. Pls. XVI. XXIII. | | | | [285] Steinberg (38) A. | | | | [286] Stur (75) A. Heft II. p. 229. | | | | [287] Lindley and Hutton (31) A. Pls. V. and VI. | | | | [288] Kidston (85). In this important paper Dr Kidston gives a full | | account of the history of our knowledge of _Ulodendron_. | | | | [289] Steinhauer (18) A. p. 286, Pl. VII. fig. 1. | | | | [290] Rhode (20) Pl. III. | | | | [291] Lindley and Hutton (31) A. | | | | [292] Hooker (48), p. 427. | | | | [293] Geinitz (55) A. | | | | [294] Carruthers (70). | | | | [295] Williamson (72). | | | | [296] Thompson, D’Arcy (80). | | | | [297] Kidston (85). | | | | [298] Seward and Ford (06) Pl. XXIII. fig. C. | | | | [299] Shattock (88). | | | | [300] Watson (08). | | | | [301] Watson (08) p. 10. | | | | [302] Renier (08). | | | | [303] Stur (75) A. Heft II. | | | | [304] _Garden and Forest_, vol. v., pp. 160–162, fig. 24 (April 6, | | 1902). | | | | [305] Lindley and Hutton (35) A. | | | | [306] Kidston (93) Pl. II. fig. 6. | | | | [307] _ibid._ (02) Pl. LIII. fig. 2. | | | | [308] Williamson (83²) A. Pl. 34. | | | | [309] Feistmantel (75) A. p. 193, Pls. XXXIV.–XXXVII. | | | | [310] Feistmantel _loc. cit._ Pl. XLVII. | | | | [311] Grand’Eury (90) A. | | | | [312] Dawes (48). | | | | [313] Binney (72); see also Seward (99). | | | | [314] Carruthers (73²). | | | | [315] Williamson (72). | | | | [316] _ibid._ (93). | | | | [317] Weiss, F. E. (03). | | | | [318] Kidston (05). | | | | [319] Renault (96) A. p. 175, Pls. XXXIII. XXXIV. | | | | [320] For description of the leaf-anatomy, see pp. 98, 99. | | | | [321] Renault (79) p. 249, Pl. X. | | | | [322] Solms-Laubach (96) p. 18, Pl. X. figs. 7–11. | | | | [323] They are regarded as identical by Fischer (04). | | | | [324] Binney (72) Pl. XIII. fig. 1. | | | | [325] Seward (99). | | | | [326] As Miss Stokey (09) points out the production of parenchyma | | internal to the cambium of _L. fuliginosum_ is a feature shared by | | _Isoetes_. See also Scott and Hill (00), p. 424. | | | | [327] Williamson (81) A. Pl. LII. p. 288. (Will. Coll. No. 379.) | | | | [328] Binney (72). | | | | [329] Cash and Lomax (90). | | | | [330] Kidston (93) p. 547. | | | | [331] Weiss, F. E. (03) p. 218. | | | | [332] Scott, D. H. (06³). | | | | [333] Watson (07) p. 18. | | | | [334] Seward (06) p. 378. | | | | [335] Weiss, F. E. (02). | | | | [336] Hick (93). | | | | [337] Hick (93²). | | | | [338] See p. 240. | | | | [339] Hick (93) Pl. XVI. fig. 1. | | | | [340] Witham (31) A. | | | | [341] Witham (33) A. Pls. XII. XIII. | | | | [342] Lindley and Hutton (35) A. Pls. 98, 99. | | | | [343] Brongniart (39) A. | | | | [344] Kidston (03) p. 822. | | | | [345] Williamson (87). | | | | [346] Kidston (03) p. 822; Watson (07). | | | | [347] Bertrand, C. E. (91). | | | | [348] Williamson (80) A. | | | | [349] Williamson (93) Pl. I. fig. 3. | | | | [350] Volume I. p. 89. For other references to these stems, see | | Seward and Hill (00) p. 918. | | | | [351] Wünsch (67). | | | | [352] Carruthers (69²) p. 6. | | | | [353] Williamson (80) A.; (93); (95). | | | | [354] Wünsch _loc. cit._ | | | | [355] Binney (71) p. 56. | | | | [356] Carruthers (69). | | | | [357] Seward and Hill (00). | | | | [358] Williamson (96) p. 175. | | | | [359] The term meristematic zone is used because some of the cells | | in this region are in a state of active division, though the inner | | portion may consist of permanent tissue. | | | | [360] Scott (00) p. 131; (08) p. 142. | | | | [361] Seward and Hill (00) Pl. II. fig. 14. | | | | [362] Worsdell (95); Bernard (04). | | | | [363] No. 52, 625. | | | | [364] Seward and Hill (00) p. 922. | | | | [365] Binney (71) p. 56, Pl. XI. figs. 2_a_-2_c_. | | | | [366] Williamson (72) p. 298, pl. XLV. fig. 35. | | | | [367] Carruthers (72). | | | | [368] Williamson (93) p. 30. | | | | [369] Goldenberg (55) p. 12. | | | | [370] See also Kidston (94), (86) A. p. 160; Potonié (05) Lief. | | III. 50. | | | | [371] Stur (75) A. II. p. 330, fig. 34. | | | | [372] Hannig (98). | | | | [373] Young and Kidston (88) A. | | | | [374] Potonié (01²) fig. 72, p. 117. | | | | [375] Stur (75) II. A. Pl. XXXVI. fig. 9. | | | | [376] See Chap. XVII. | | | | [377] Williamson (72) Pl. XLIV. p. 294: (93) (93²). | | | | [378] Kidston (01) p. 60. See also Scott (00) p. 170, figs. 67, 68. | | | | [379] Williamson (93), Pl. VIII. figs. 51, 52. See also figs. 67–69 | | given by Scott (00). | | | | [380] Scott (00) p. 173. | | | | [381] Scott [(08) p. 187] suggests that the projection may have | | formed a passage for the admission of the microspores, or of the | | spermatozoids which they produced. | | | | [382] Bennie and Kidston (88) Pl. VI. figs. 20, _a–s_. | | | | [383] Gordon (08). | | | | [384] Williamson (72). | | | | [385] Carruthers (69²). | | | | [386] Zeiller (95). See also White (08) p. 447. | | | | [387] Arber (05) Pl. I. fig. 2. | | | | [388] Seward and Leslie (08). | | | | [389] Zeiller (98). | | | | [390] Renault (90). | | | | [391] Seward (07³). | | | | [392] Nathorst (07); Bather (07); (08). | | | | [393] Seward (97²) A. p. 326, Pl. XXIII. | | | | [394] Carruthers (72²). | | | | [395] Unger and Richter (56). | | | | [396] Dawson (71) A. Pl. VIII. See also Smith and White (05). | | | | [397] M’Coy (74). See also Feistmantel (90) A. | | | | [398] Kidston (86) A. p. 231. | | | | [399] Krasser (00) Pl. II. fig. 1. | | | | [400] Nathorst (94) A. Pl. II. fig. 8. | | | | [401] Szajnocha (91) p. 203. | | | | [402] See Etheridge (90); David and Pittman (93). | | | | [403] White (08). | | | | [404] Brongniart (28) A. p. 87. | | | | [405] Parkinson (11) A. Pl. IX. fig. 1, p. 428. | | | | [406] Carruthers (69²). | | | | [407] Brongniart (22) A. Pl. II. fig. 4. | | | | [408] Bower (08) p. 305. | | | | [409] Seward (90); Potonié (93²). | | | | [410] Brongniart (37) Pl. XXIV. | | | | [411] Morris (40) Pl. XXXVIII. fig. 10. | | | | [412] Williamson (93) Pl. VI. fig. 26, A. | | | | [413] Kidston (01) p. 62. | | | | [414] Renault and Zeiller (88) A. Pl. LXI. fig. 4. | | | | [415] Hooker (48²). | | | | [416] Binney (71). | | | | [417] Williamson (93) p. 26. | | | | [418] Maslen (99). | | | | [419] Lindley and Hutton (37) A. Pl. 163. | | | | [420] For a detailed account of this type, see Maslen (99). | | | | [421] Williamson (93) p. 28. | | | | [422] Binney (71). | | | | [423] Binney (71) Pl. VIII. figs. 2, 4. | | | | [424] Maslen (99) Pl. XXXVI fig. 11. | | | | [425] Brown, R. (51). | | | | [426] Brongniart (68). | | | | [427] Schimper (70) A. p. 67, Pl. LXII. figs. 13–29. | | | | [428] Bower (93). | | | | [429] Bower (94) Pl. XLVIII. fig. 93. | | | | [430] Zeiller (09). | | | | [431] Zalessky has recently (08) described a large species of cone, | | _Lepidostrobus Bertrandi_, 5 cm. in diameter. | | | | [432] Morris (40). | | | | [433] Balfour (57). | | | | [434] Kidston and Bennie (88). | | | | [435] Reinsch (81) A. | | | | [436] Scott, R. (06). | | | | [437] Maslen (99) p. 373; Scott, R. (06) p. 117. | | | | [438] Campbell (05) p. 414. | | | | [439] Williamson (78) A. p. 340, Pl. XXII. See also the drawings in | | Williamson’s later papers quoted in the synonymy. | | | | [440] Williamson (93²). | | | | [441] Scott, D. H. (98). | | | | [442] Berridge (05). | | | | [443] Lang (08). | | | | [444] Lang (08) p. 364. | | | | [445] Williamson (78) A. Pl. XXII. fig. 53. | | | | [446] Lang (08) p. 367. Since this was written a paper has been | | published by Mr Watson on a new type of Lycopodiaceous cone | | from the Lower Coal-Measures (_Mesostrobus_): in an appendix he | | criticises Dr Lang’s views in regard to _Spencerites_. [Watson, | | _Annals of Botany_, Vol. XXIII. p. 379, 1909. | | | | [447] Seward and Ford (06) p. 395. | | | | [448] Artis (25) A. Pl. XV. | | | | [449] Rhode (20). | | | | [450] Brongniart (22) A. Pl. XII. fig. 4. | | | | [451] For generic names wholly or in part synonymous with | | _Sigillaria_, see White (99) p. 230. | | | | [452] Kidston (86) A. p. 186. | | | | [453] Brongniart (37) Pl. CL. fig. 1. | | | | [454] Brongniart (22) A. Pl. XII. fig. 3. | | | | [455] Sternberg (23) A. | | | | [456] Goldenberg (55). | | | | [457] Zeiller (88) A. (_S. elegans_). | | | | [458] Goldenberg (55). | | | | [459] Renault (96) A. Pl. XXXV. | | | | [460] Stur (75) II. A. Pl. XLII. | | | | [461] For an account of the various external features made use of | | in the classification of Sigillarias, see Koehne (04). | | | | [462] Grand’Eury (90) A. | | | | [463] Germar (53). | | | | [464] Cf. _Lepidodendron Zeilleri_, Zalessky (04) Pl. IV. fig. 1. | | | | [465] Lesquereux (79) A. Pl. LXIV. | | | | [466] Zeiller (88) A. Pl. LXXI. | | | | [467] Kidston (01) p. 46. | | | | [468] Kidston (85). | | | | [469] White, D. (07²). | | | | [470] Weiss, C. E. (88). | | | | [471] Zeiller (89). | | | | [472] Kidston (01) p. 94. | | | | [473] Seward (90²). | | | | [474] Weiss, C. E. (89). | | | | [475] Grand’Eury (90) A. | | | | [476] Kidston (97) p. 46. | | | | [477] Grand’Eury (90) A. Pl. XIII. fig. 8. | | | | [478] Renault and Roche (97). | | | | [479] Coward (07); Renault (96) A. | | | | [480] Grand’Eury (90) A. Pl. III. | | | | [481] Cf. Prof. Yapp’s account (08) of Fen vegetation. | | | | [482] Zeiller (88) A. Pl. LXXXV. | | | | [483] Brongniart (28) A. p. 63. | | | | [484] Brongniart (39) A.; (49) A. p. 55. | | | | [485] Williamson (83). | | | | [486] Williamson (72) p. 228. | | | | [487] Renault (79). | | | | [488] Goldenberg (55) p. 24. | | | | [489] Schimper (70) A. p. 105. | | | | [490] Zeiller (84). | | | | [491] Zeiller (88) A. | | | | [492] Kidston (97). | | | | [493] Grand’Eury (90) A. Vol. II. | | | | [494] Kidston (97). | | | | [495] Renault (96) A. | | | | [496] Kidston (85). | | | | [497] Lindley and Hutton (31) A. Pl. VI. | | | | [498] Thompson (80). | | | | [499] Kidston (85) Pl. VI. fig. 10. | | | | [500] Kidston (89²) p. 61; Pl. VI. fig. 1. | | | | [501] Zeiller (88) A. p. 483, Pls. LXXIII. LXXIV. | | | | [502] Zeiller (06) Pl. XLII. | | | | [503] Kidston (07²). | | | | [504] Renault (96) A. Pl. XXXVII. fig. 3. | | | | [505] Renault (79) Pls. XII. XIII. p. 270; (96) A. p. 245. | | | | [506] Scott, D. H. (04²). | | | | [507] Scott (08) p 230, fig. 95. | | | | [508] Kidston (07²). | | | | [509] Arber and Thomas (08). | | | | [510] Goldenberg (55); Kidston (97). | | | | [511] Zeiller (88) A. Pl. XC. 1, p. 598. | | | | [512] Zeiller (84); (88) A. Pl. LXXXIX. | | | | [513] Kidston (97) Pls. I. II. p. 50. | | | | [514] Goldenberg (55). | | | | [515] Kidston (05) Pl. III. figs. 23, 25, 26, 27. | | | | [516] Zeiller (06) p. 160. | | | | [517] Brongniart (39); Renault (96) A. | | | | [518] Zeiller (88) A. p. 586; Kidston (05) p. 534. | | | | [519] Renault and Grand’Eury (75); Renault (96) A. | | | | [520] Germar (44) A. | | | | [521] Scott (08) p. 219. | | | | [522] Solms-Laubach (91) A. p. 253. | | | | [523] Renault and Grand’Eury (75) Pl. I. fig. 5. | | | | [524] Coward (07). | | | | [525] Renault (96) A. p. 237, Pl. XXXVIII. figs. 1–4. | | | | [526] Kidston (05). | | | | [527] Brongniart (28) A. Pls. CXLVI. CLV. CLVIII. | | | | [528] Bertrand (99). | | | | [529] Scott (08) p. 227, fig. 93. | | | | [530] Kidston (07²). | | | | [531] Arber and Thomas (07). | | | | [532] Williamson (72). | | | | [533] Scott (08) p. 227. | | | | [534] Mettenius (60). | | | | [535] e.g. _L. Wünschianum_ (fig. 181, B, _lt_). | | | | [536] Kidston (05) p. 547. | | | | [537] Scott, D. H. (02). | | | | [538] For fuller synonymy, see Kidston (86) A. p. 179; and Zeiller | | (06) p 160; Koehne (04) p. 62. | | | | [539] Renault (96) A. Pl. XXXV.; Zeiller (06) Pl. XLII. | | | | [540] Grand’Eury (90) A. | | | | [541] Zeiller (06) Pl. XLII. | | | | [542] Renault (96) A. Pls. XXXVII. XLI. | | | | [543] Grand’Eury (90) A. Pl. XI. | | | | [544] Zeiller (06) p. 176. | | | | [545] Goldenberg (55) Pl. XII. | | | | [546] Renault (96) A. Pl. XXXIX. | | | | [547] Zeiller (92) A.; (06). | | | | [548] Potonié (96) A. | | | | [549] Fontaine and White (80). | | | | [550] Kidston (94) p. 252. | | | | [551] Seward (97²) A. | | | | [552] White (08) p. 450, Pl. V. fig. 12. | | | | [553] Potonié (01²). | | | | [554] Goeppert (64) A. | | | | [555] Goeppert, _loc. cit._ | | | | [556] Gresley (89) Pl. II. | | | | [557] Steinhauer (18) A. | | | | [558] Logan (42). | | | | [559] Potonié (93³). | | | | [560] Williamson (87) A. | | | | [561] A similar example, now in the Bergakademie of Berlin, has | | been described by Potonié (90) A.; see also a note on the German | | specimen by Seward (91). | | | | [562] Martin (09) A. Pl. XII. | | | | [563] Artis (25) A. | | | | [564] Lindley and Hutton (38) A. Pl. CLXVI. | | | | [565] For a fuller synonymy, see Kidston (03) p. 757. | | | | [566] Goldenberg (55) p. 6. | | | | [567] Binney (44) p. 165. | | | | [568] Brongniart (22) A. p. 228. | | | | [569] _ibid._ (49) A. p. 456. | | | | [570] Artis (25) A. Pl. X. | | | | [571] Lindley and Hutton (31) A. Pl. XXXI. | | | | [572] Goldenberg (55). | | | | [573] Logan (42) p. 492. | | | | [574] Binney (44); (46). | | | | [575] Bowman (41). | | | | [576] Brown (45); (46); (47); (49). See also Dawson (66). | | | | [577] Hawkshaw (42). | | | | [578] Binney (46) p. 393. | | | | [579] Brown (49). This figure is reproduced by Williamson (87) A. | | p. 16. | | | | [580] Williamson (87) A. p. 3. Solms-Laubach (91) A. p. 284. | | | | [581] Mellor and Leslie (06). | | | | [582] Goeppert (64) A. p. 197, Pls. 34–36. | | | | [583] Renault (81). | | | | [584] Grand’Eury (90) A. | | | | [585] Solms-Laubach (94). | | | | [586] Grand’Eury (77) A. p. 171. | | | | [587] For figures see Grand’Eury (87) A.; (90) A. | | | | [588] Kidston (02) Pl. LI. fig. 4. | | | | [589] British Museum, No. 870 F. | | | | [590] Grand’Eury (90) A. | | | | [591] Solms-Laubach (94). | | | | [592] Williamson (92). | | | | [593] Thomas, E. N. (05) p. 187. | | | | [594] Williamson (87) A. | | | | [595] Solms-Laubach (92). | | | | [596] Renault (96) A. Pl. XL. fig. 5. | | | | [597] Weiss, F. E. (08). | | | | [598] Williamson (89) A. | | | | [599] Renault (96) A. | | | | [600] Williamson (87) A. Pl. IV. fig. 20. | | | | [601] Weiss, F. E. (02). | | | | [602] Hooker (48²) Pls. I. II. The sections of _Stigmaria_ figured | | by Hooker are in the British Museum (V. 8754). | | | | [603] Williamson (87) A. Pl. XII. | | | | [604] Solms-Laubach (91) A. | | | | [605] Weiss, F. E. (02). | | | | [606] Weiss, F. E. (04). | | | | [607] Goeppert (41) Pl. X. Lief. I. II.; Williamson (87) A. Pl. | | XIII. fig. 78; Eichwald (60) Pl. XV.; Kidston (94) p. 254. | | | | [608] Goldenberg (55) Pl. VI. figs. 1–4. | | | | [609] Nathorst (94) A. Pl. XVI. fig. 9. | | | | [610] Watson (08). | | | | [611] Zeiller (88) A. Pl. LXXVII. fig. 1. | | | | [612] Cf. Lindley and Hutton (35) A. Pls. 80, 81. | | | | [613] Kidston (86) A. p. 175. | | | | [614] _ibid._ (86⁴) p. 65. | | | | [615] Haughton (59). | | | | [616] Weiss, C. E. (84) Pl. VI. figs. 6, 7. | | | | [617] Lindley and Hutton (35) A. Pls. 80, 81. For synonymy, see | | Kidston (93) p. 344. | | | | [618] Zeiller (86) Pl. _IX._ figs. 1–3. | | | | [619] No. 52524. | | | | [620] Nathorst (02) Pl. X. figs. 4, 5. | | | | [621] Weiss, F. E. (08). | | | | [622] Schimper (70) A. p. 71. | | | | [623] Heer (71) Pl. VI. fig. 11; Pl. IX. fig. 1. | | | | [624] Nathorst (94) A. p. 67, Pl. XV. figs. 14, 15. | | | | [625] Schmalhausen (77) p. 281, Pl. I. fig. 5. | | | | [626] Kidston (89²) Pl. IV. figs. 2–4, p. 65. | | | | [627] Weiss and Sterzel (93) p. 56. | | | | [628] Kidston (03) p. 823. | | | | [629] Schmalhausen (77) p. 290, Pl. I. figs. 7–12. | | | | [630] Dawson (71) A. Pl. VIII. | | | | [631] Weiss, C. E. (84) Pl. VII. | | | | [632] Potonié (01²) figs. 25–27. | | | | [633] Nathorst (02) p. 35. | | | | [634] Seward (03) Pl. XI. figs. 1–6, p. 87; Arber (05) p. 166. | | | | [635] Seward (09). | | | | [636] Feistmantel (90) A. | | | | [637] Zeiller (80²) A. | | | | [638] Trautschold and Auerbach (60) Pl. III. | | | | [639] Zeiller (82) A.; (86). | | | | [640] Nathorst (94) A. Pls. X. XI. | | | | [641] Volume I. p. 134. | | | | [642] Williamson (89) A. p. 197. | | | | [643] I am indebted to Mr Lomax for photographs of his specimens. | | For former references to Mr Lomax’s discovery, see Kidston (05); | | Weiss, F. E. (08); Scott D. H. (08) p. 200. | | | | [644] Williamson (89) A. | | | | [645] Weiss, F. E. (08). | | | | [646] Nathorst (94) A. p. 42. | | | | [647] Williamson (80) A. p. 500, Pl. XV. 8. | | | | [648] Watson (08²) p. 12. | | | | [649] Nathorst (94) A. p. 42, Pl. XII. figs. 8–10. | | | | [650] Kidston (03) p. 797. | | | | [651] White (98); (99) p. 218, Pls. LXV.–LXVIII. | | | | [652] Kidston (02) pp. 358, 359. | | | | [653] Tansley and Chick (01) p. 36. | | | | [654] Kidston (05) p. 547. | | | | [655] Renault (96) A. | | | | [656] Weiss, F. E. (08). | | | | [657] Browne (09) p. 25. | | | | [658] Scott (02) uses the terms old and new wood in discussing the | | evolutionary sequence in plant steles. | | | | [659] White (07). | | | | [660] Bower (08) p. 305. | | | | [661] Browne (09) p. 37. | | | | [662] Williamson (77) and (80) A. | | | | [663] Brongniart (28) A. p. 87. | | | | [664] Carruthers (72³). | | | | [665] Wild and Lomax (00). | | | | [666] Scott (01). | | | | [667] Letter from D. H. Scott (March 30, 1908). | | | | [668] Scott (01) 314. | | | | [669] Seward and Ford (06). | | | | [670] For a contrary opinion, see Scott (09) p. 656. | | | | [671] Bertrand, E. (94). | | | | [672] Benson (08). | | | | [673] Watson (08²) p. 12. | | | | [674] Ward (04). | | | | [675] Tansley (08) p. 3. Cf. Braun (75) p. 267. | | | | [676] Chodat (08). | | | | [677] Hudson (92) p. 29. | | | | [678] Hardy, _Return of the Native_, II. p. 153. | | | | [679] Bower (08). | | | | [680] Zeiller (06) p. 8. | | | | [681] Engler (09). | | | | [682] Bower (00). | | | | [683] For an account of the mechanism of spore-dispersal, see | | Goebel (05) p. 587; Atkinson (94); Leclerc du Sablon (85); and | | Bower (00). | | | | [684] For a fuller account of recent ferns, see Engler and Prantl | | (02), Christ (97), Hooker and Baker (68), and Bower (00) (08). | | | | [685] Prantl (81) Pl. VII. fig. 104, C; Zeiller (97) p. 215, figs. | | 7–10. | | | | [686] Underwood (07), p. 243, has adopted Bernhardi’s genus | | _Dicranopteris_ in place of _Mertensia_ on the ground that the | | latter was used as early as 1793 for a Boraginaceous plant. | | | | [687] Goebel (05) p. 318. | | | | [688] Baker (88). | | | | [689] Diels, in Engler and Prantl (02) pp. 343, 344. | | | | [690] Compton (09). | | | | [691] Copeland (08) p. 344. | | | | [692] Bower (00) p. 47; Gwynne-Vaughan (01). | | | | [693] Christ (04). | | | | [694] Scott, J. (74); Hannig (98). | | | | [695] _Challenger Reports_ (85) p. 827. (Narrative, Pl. II.) | | | | [696] Bower (00) p. 68. | | | | [697] Diels (02) p. 117. | | | | [698] Seward (92) p. 45. | | | | [699] Bower (00) p. 80. | | | | [700] Prof. Bower informs me that he is now at work on | | _Plagiogyria_ and other Polypodiaceae. | | | | [701] Kny (75); Ford (02); Goebel (91). | | | | [702] Seward and Dale (01). | | | | [703] Armour (07). | | | | [704] Diels (02) fig. 98, p. 188. | | | | [705] Giesenhagen (92) p. 179, fig. 3. | | | | [706] Bäsecke (08). | | | | [707] Boodle (00). | | | | [708] Yapp (02). | | | | [709] Darwin (03) II. p. 381. | | | | [710] Reinecke (97). | | | | [711] Karsten (95); Christ (96); Bommer (03). | | | | [712] Goebel (05) p. 347. | | | | [713] A striking example of these so-called Aphlebiae of | | _Hemitelia_ may be seen at the Royal Gardens, Kew. | | | | [714] Luerssen, in Rabenhorst (89) A. p. 483, fig. 164. | | | | [715] Goebel (01) Pl. XIII. | | | | [716] Spruce (08) II. p. 232. | | | | [717] Boodle (04). | | | | [718] Goebel (05); Baker (67). | | | | [719] Seward and Gowan (00). | | | | [720] Hooker (59). | | | | [721] Thiselton-Dyer (05). | | | | [722] Baker (68) p. 305. | | | | [723] Bower (08) p. 18. | | | | [724] Treub (88) A.; Ernst (08). | | | | [725] Campbell (07). | | | | [726] Davy (07) p. 263. | | | | [727] Bates (63) A. p. 30. | | | | [728] _Challenger Reports_ (85) p. 785. | | | | [729] Tansley and Fritsch (05) p. 43; Thomas, E. N. (05). | | | | [730] Tansley (08) p. 27. | | | | [731] Jeffrey (98). | | | | [732] Boodle (00). | | | | [733] Tansley and Lulham (02). | | | | [734] Gwynne-Vaughan (01); (03). | | | | [735] Boodle (01) p. 735. | | | | [736] Jeffrey (00); (03). | | | | [737] For an account of the probable methods by which this has been | | effected and of the factors concerned, see Tansley (08). | | | | [738] Gwynne-Vaughan (03). | | | | [739] Seward (99²); Wigglesworth (02). | | | | [740] Seward and Ford (03); Jeffrey (03); Faull (01). | | | | [741] Kidston and Gwynne-Vaughan (07); (08); (09). | | | | [742] Gwynne-Vaughan (08). | | | | [743] Bertrand and Cornaille (02). | | | | [744] Chodat (08) p. 15. | | | | [745] See also Pelourde (09) for an account of the anatomy of fern | | petioles. | | | | [746] Observed in plants in the Botanic Gardens of Brussels and | | Leipzig. A.C.S. | | | | [747] For an account of the spore-producing members of the | | Marattiaceae, see Bower (97). | | | | [748] Zeiller (90) p. 19. | | | | [749] Shove (00); Tansley (08). | | | | [750] Farmer and Hill (02) Pl. XVIII. figs. 26, 28. | | | | [751] Christ and Giesenhagen (99). | | | | [752] Gwynne-Vaughan (05). | | | | [753] Hooker and Baker (68) p. 440. | | | | [754] The term synangium is applied to sporangia more or less | | completely united with one another and producing spores in groups | | separated by walls of sterile cells. A synangium may be regarded | | as a spore-forming organ produced by partial sterilization of | | sporogenous tissue or as a group of coalescent sporangia. | | | | [755] Brebner (02); Rudolph (05). | | | | [756] Tansley (08) p. 90; Kühn (90). | | | | [757] Pelourde (08) has recently dealt with the anatomy of recent | | and fossil Marattiaceous ferns. | | | | [758] Copeland (08) Pl. I. (09) Pl. V. | | | | [759] Bower (96). | | | | [760] Jeffrey (98). For an account of the anatomy of | | _Helminthostachys_, see Farmer and Freeman (99). | | | | [761] Stur (75) A. p. 77, Pl. XI. fig. 8. | | | | [762] Renault (96) A. p. 21. | | | | [763] Zeiller (90) p. 16. | | | | [764] Zeiller (90) p. 48. | | | | [765] Scott, D. H. (08) p. 292. | | | | [766] Scott (04) p. 18. | | | | [767] Boodle (00) p. 484. | | | | [768] Zeiller (99) Pl. II. figs. 5, 6. | | | | [769] _Ibid._ Pl. II. fig. 10. | | | | [770] See p. 402. | | | | [771] Bower (91) Pl. VII. | | | | [772] Scott, D. H. (09). | | | | [773] Kidston and Gwynne-Vaughan (08). | | | | [774] Eichwald (60). | | | | [775] Gwynne-Vaughan (08). | | | | [776] Kidston and Gwynne-Vaughan (08) p. 226. | | | | [777] Brongniart (49) A. p. 35. | | | | [778] Brongniart (28) A. Pl. LXXX. | | | | [779] Kidston and Gwynne-Vaughan (09). | | | | [780] Seward (99). | | | | [781] Krasser (09) p. 10. | | | | [782] Fontaine (83) Pls. XXVIII. XXIX. | | | | [783] Leuthardt (04) Pl. XVIII. | | | | [784] Kidston and Gwynne-Vaughan (07). | | | | [785] See p. 343. | | | | [786] Seward and Ford (03). | | | | [787] Kidston and Gwynne-Vaughan (07). | | | | [788] Seward (07³) p. 482, Pls. XX. XXI. | | | | [789] Seward (03); Kitchin (08). | | | | [790] Cf. _Todea Wilkesiana_ (p. 286). | | | | [791] Penhallow (02). | | | | [792] Kidston and Gwynne-Vaughan (07). | | | | [793] See p. 314. Also Jeffrey (03); Faull (01); Seward and Ford | | (03). | | | | [794] Raciborski (94) A. p. 19, Pls. VI. XI. | | | | [795] Carruthers (70) A.; Kidston and Gwynne-Vaughan (07) p. 768; | | see also Seward, Vol. I. p. 212. | | | | [796] Gardner and Ettingshausen (82) pp. 22, 48, Pl. IV. figs. 1–3. | | | | [797] Seward (00) p. 86. | | | | [798] Seward and Ford (03) p. 251. | | | | [799] For a more complete list, see Seward (00) p. 87. | | | | [800] Schenk (85) Pl. III. fig. 3. | | | | [801] Raciborski (94) A. Pl. VI. | | | | [802] Nathorst (08) Pl. I. fig. 7. | | | | [803] Schenk (67) A. | | | | [804] Fontaine (83). | | | | [805] The geographical distribution of _Todites_ and other genera | | will be dealt with in Volume III. | | | | [806] Carruthers (70) A. p. 350. | | | | [807] Reid (99). | | | | [808] Seward (08) Pl. VIII. p. 98. | | | | [809] Zeiller (03) Pls. II. IV. | | | | [810] Leuthardt (04) Pl. XV. | | | | [811] Fontaine (83) Pls. XI.–XIV. | | | | [812] For synonymy and figures, see Seward (00) p. 134; (04) p. 134. | | | | [813] E.g. by Yokoyama (06) who identifies specimens of | | _Cladophlebis denticulata_ from Jurassic rocks of China as _Todites | | Williamsoni_. | | | | [814] Lindley and Hutton (34) A. Pl. CXXXIV. | | | | [815] Seward (94²) A. p. 91. | | | | [816] Nathorst (78). | | | | [817] Lindley and Hutton (34) A. Pl. CXX. | | | | [818] Fontaine, in Ward (05) Pl. XV. figs. 6–9). | | | | [819] Feistmantel (77) Pls. XXXVI. XXXVII. | | | | [820] Morris (45) Pl. VII. | | | | [821] Renault (83) p. 81, Pl. XI. | | | | [822] Dawson (61). | | | | [823] White (04). | | | | [824] Corda (45) A. Pl. LVII. | | | | [825] Zeiller (83) p. 188, Pl. X. figs. 1–5. | | | | [826] Stur (85) A. p. 64. | | | | [827] Zeiller (88) A. p. 50. | | | | [828] Solms-Laubach (91) A. p. 147. | | | | [829] For synonymy, see Seward (00) p. 130. | | | | [830] Raciborski (91). | | | | [831] Phillips (29) A. p. 148. | | | | [832] Bunbury (51) A. | | | | [833] Seward (94²) A. | | | | [834] Raciborski (94) A. | | | | [835] Yokoyama (89). | | | | [836] Seward (94²) A. | | | | [837] Yabe (05) Pl. III. | | | | [838] Seward (07⁴) Pls. I. III. | | | | [839] Seward (94²) A. p. 75. | | | | [840] Gardner and Ettingshausen (82) p. 47, Pls. VII. X.; Heer (55) | | A. Pl. III. p. 41. | | | | [841] Knowlton (99). Pl. LXXX. | | | | [842] Heer (55) A. Pl. XIII. | | | | [843] Saporta (72) A. Pl. I. figs. 13, 14. | | | | [844] Goeppert (36²) A. Pls. IV. V. | | | | [845] Zeiller (88) A. p. 261. | | | | [846] Williamson (77) Pl. VII. | | | | [847] See Ch. XXVII. | | | | [848] Goeppert (41) Pl. IV. figs. 1, 2. | | | | [849] Zeiller (88) A. Pl. XI. figs. 3–5. | | | | [850] Stur (85) A. p. 128. | | | | [851] Solms-Laubach (91) A. p. 146. | | | | [852] Schenk (88) A. p. 30. | | | | [853] Dr Scott tells me that an examination of Dr Zeiller’s | | specimens led him to agree with the latter’s description of the | | annulus of _Oligocarpia_. (A. C. S.) | | | | [854] Fontaine (83) Pls. XV.–XIX. | | | | [855] Bunbury (47) Pl. II. fig. 1; Seward (94²) A. p. 189. | | | | [856] Krasser (09) p. 16. | | | | [857] Leuthardt (04) p. 40, Pl. XVIII. fig. 3. | | | | [858] Schenk (67) A. p. 86, Pl. XXII. figs. 7, 8. | | | | [859] Zigno (56) A. Pl. X. | | | | [860] Raciborski (94) A. p. 43, Pl. XIII. figs. 15–20. | | | | [861] Seward (95) A. p. 225. | | | | [862] Seward (00) Pl. IV. | | | | [863] Schenk (71). | | | | [864] Corda, in Reuss (46) p. 95, Pl. XLIX. | | | | [865] Heer (75), p. 44, Pls. IV.–VII. | | | | [866] Debey and Ettingshausen (59) Pl. I. | | | | [867] Gardner and Ettingshausen (82), pp. 43, 59, Pls. VI. X. | | | | [868] Wanklyn (69). | | | | [869] Presl, in Sternberg (38) A. p. 115. | | | | [870] Schenk (67) A. | | | | [871] Zeiller (85). | | | | [872] Seward (99²) p. 194. | | | | [873] Schenk (67) A. Pls. XXIII. XXIV. | | | | [874] For a more complete list, see Seward (00) p. 78. | | | | [875] Leckenby (64) A. p. 81, Pl. VIII. fig. 6. (Type-specimen in | | the Sedgwick Museum, Cambridge.) | | | | [876] Saporta (73) A. p. 306. | | | | [877] Debey and Ettingshausen (59) Pl. III. | | | | [878] See Seward (94²) A. and (00) for an account of this fern. | | | | [879] Schenk (71) p. 219. | | | | [880] Zeiller (85). | | | | [881] Ettingshausen (52) p. 16, Pl. V. For synonymy, see Seward | | (94²) A; (00). | | | | [882] Fontaine, in Ward (05) p. 230. | | | | [883] Schenk (71) p. 19. | | | | [884] Fontaine, _loc. cit._ Pl. LXV. figs. 22, 23. | | | | [885] Krasser (96) p. 119, Pls. XI. XII. XIV. | | | | [886] Stur (75) A. p. 284, Pl. XXXIII. fig. 15. | | | | [887] Renault (96) A. p. 19. | | | | [888] Ettingshausen (66) Pl. VII. fig. 4. | | | | [889] Stur (75) A. p. 36, Pl. IX. figs. 1–9. | | | | [890] Schimper (74) A. Pl. XXVIII. fig. 4–7. | | | | [891] Solms-Laubach (91) A. p. 153. | | | | [892] Zeiller (83) p. 155; (88) A. Pl. VIII. figs. 1–3. | | | | [893] Kidston (84²) p. 593. | | | | [894] See p. 450. | | | | [895] Scott (08) p. 343. | | | | [896] Stur (75) A. p. 19, Pl. X. figs. 1, 2. | | | | [897] Goeppert (36²) A. pp. 319, 320, 329. | | | | [898] Sterzel (86). | | | | [899] Grand’Eury (05). | | | | [900] Zeiller (06) Pls. II. III. | | | | [901] Raciborski (94) A. Pl. IX. | | | | [902] Brongniart (49) A. p. 26. | | | | [903] Krasser (09). | | | | [904] For fuller synonymy see Seward (00) p. 97. | | | | [905] Heer (76). | | | | [906] Fontaine (89). | | | | [907] Fontaine (89) p. 123, Pls. XXVI. XLIII. etc. | | | | [908] Ward (99) Pl. CLXI. | | | | [909] Velenovský (88). | | | | [910] Heer (75) A. Pl. I. figs. 6, 7. | | | | [911] Heer (82) A. Pl. II. fig. 2. | | | | [912] Phillips (75) A. p. 215. | | | | [913] Seward (00). | | | | [914] Sternberg (38) A. p. 169. | | | | [915] Sternberg (20) A. Pl. IV. | | | | [916] Corda (45) A. Pl. II. fig. 5. | | | | [917] Brongniart (28) A. Pl. XLI. | | | | [918] Feistmantel (72). | | | | [919] Velenovský (88). | | | | [920] Carruthers (65) Pl. XIII. | | | | [921] Heer (75). | | | | [922] Heer (82) Pl. XLVII. | | | | [923] Frič and Bayer (01) p. 76. | | | | [924] Stenzel (86). See also Stenzel (97). | | | | [925] Gwynne-Vaughan (08). | | | | [926] Schenk (71) Pl. XXX.; Seward (94²) A. Pl. XI. | | | | [927] Scott (08) p. 293. | | | | [928] Goeppert (30) A. p. 217. | | | | [929] Schimper (69) A. p. 424. | | | | [930] Ettingshausen (66). | | | | [931] Kidston (89³) Pl. I. | | | | [932] White (04). | | | | [933] Schenk (67) A. Pl. XIII.; Zeiller (03) p. 91, Pl. XVII. | | | | [934] Seward (04²) p. 162, Pl. VIII. fig. 5. | | | | [935] Yabe (05) p. 39, Pl. I. figs. 1–8. | | | | [936] Fontaine, in Ward (05) p. 64. | | | | [937] Yokoyama (89), p. 26. | | | | [938] Geyler (77) Pl. XXXI. fig. 4. | | | | [939] For synonymy, see Fontaine, in Ward (05) p. 155; Richter (06) | | p. 6; Seward (94) A. p. 41; (03) p. 5. | | | | [940] Seward (94) A. p. 52. | | | | [941] Gardner and Ettingshausen (82) Pls. I. II. | | | | [942] Forbes (51); Gardner and Ettingshausen (82). | | | | [943] Knowlton (02) Pl. XXVI. | | | | [944] Saporta (68) A.; Gardner and Ettingshausen (82) Pl. X. fig. 1. | | | | [945] Gardner and Ettingshausen (82) p. 21. | | | | [946] Lindley and Hutton (34) A. Pl. CIV. | | | | [947] Nathorst (06³). | | | | [948] Seward and Dale (01) p. 505. | | | | [949] Zeiller (03) p. 109, Pls. XXIII.–XXVIII. | | | | [950] Seward (00) p. 122. | | | | [951] Nathorst (06³). | | | | [952] Krasser (09) p. 111. | | | | [953] Goeppert (41). | | | | [954] Seward and Dale (01) p. 503. | | | | [955] Nathorst (07²). | | | | [956] Schenk (67) A. Pl. XVIII. | | | | [957] Zeiller (03). | | | | [958] Brongniart (25). | | | | [959] Brongniart (25). | | | | [960] Zeiller (03). | | | | [961] Seward (04) pp. 18, 164. | | | | [962] Seward (07). | | | | [963] The evidence of the shells is stated by Mr R. B. Newton (09) | | to be in favour of the Cretaceous age of the Nubian Sandstone. | | | | [964] Nathorst (78) p. 33. | | | | [965] Nathorst (06²) p. 15. | | | | [966] Richter (06). | | | | [967] Dunker (46) A. p. 12. | | | | [968] Andrae (53) A. | | | | [969] Zigno (56) A. IX. fig. 2. | | | | [970] Nathorst (78²) Pl. IX. fig. 2. | | | | [971] Zeiller (97⁴) p. 51. | | | | [972] Seward and Dale (01). | | | | [973] Dunker (46) A., Pl. V. fig. 1. | | | | [974] Bartholin (92) Pls. XI. XII. | | | | [975] Moeller (02) Pls. IV.–VI. | | | | [976] Richter (06) p. 21. | | | | [977] Richter (06) p. 22. | | | | [978] Andrae (53) A. | | | | [979] Moeller (02) Pls. IV.–VI. | | | | [980] Nathorst (78²) Pl. IX. fig. 2. | | | | [981] Zeiller (79). | | | | [982] Gardner and Ettingshausen (82) p. 29, Pl. III. fig. 6. | | | | [983] Arber (06) p. 227. | | | | [984] Scott (06) p. 189. | | | | [985] Zeiller (05). | | | | [986] Kidston (06). | | | | [987] Kidston (06) p. 429. | | | | [988] Weiss, C. E. (69) p. 94, Pl. XI. fig. 2. The specimens | | figured by Weiss bear a somewhat remote resemblance to that | | described by Renault (96) A, under the same generic name. | | | | [989] Kidston (91²) p. 23. | | | | [990] Kidston (88) p. 350. | | | | [991] Renault (96) A. p. 9; Zeiller (88) A. p. 162; Grand’Eury (77) | | A. Pl. VIII. fig. 13. | | | | [992] Watson (06). | | | | [993] Goeppert (36²) A. p. 380. | | | | [994] Stur (85) A. p. 221, Pl. LXI.; Zeiller (88) A. p. 41. | | | | [995] Grand’Eury (90) A. p. 288, Pl. VI. fig. 26. | | | | [996] For an account of these genera, see Chap. XXVII. | | | | [997] Strasburger (74). | | | | [998] Stur (85) A. p. 183. | | | | [999] Corda (45) A. Pl. LVII. | | | | [1000] Kidston (91²) p. 20; Stur (85) A. Pl. LIX. | | | | [1001] See Chap. XXVII. | | | | [1002] Stur (85) A. p. 106. | | | | [1003] Zenker (37). | | | | [1004] Strasburger (74). | | | | [1005] Kidston (91²) p. 20. | | | | [1006] Geinitz (72). See Solms-Laubach (83), who gives in full the | | early history of the genus _Scolecopteris_. | | | | [1007] Sterzel (78); (80). | | | | [1008] Stur (85) p. 140. | | | | [1009] Zeiller (99) p. 17. | | | | [1010] Zeiller (06) p. 10. | | | | [1011] Brongniart (28) A. Pl. CXXV. fig. 4. | | | | [1012] Renault and Zeiller (88) A. Pl. XXIV. | | | | [1013] Page 325. | | | | [1014] Zeiller (83) p. 184; (88) A. p. 30. | | | | [1015] Artis (25) A. | | | | [1016] Stur (75) A. | | | | [1017] Kidston (96) p. 205. | | | | [1018] Zeiller (83) p. 185. | | | | [1019] Kidston (82). | | | | [1020] Stur (85). | | | | [1021] Kidston (84²). | | | | [1022] Kidston (87). | | | | [1023] Kidston (82) p. 32. | | | | [1024] Kidston (84²) p. 594. | | | | [1025] Williamson (83) A. | | | | [1026] Kidston (06). | | | | [1027] Heer (76) A. p. 71, Pl. XXIV. fig. 1. | | | | [1028] Schimper (74) A. Pl. 38; see also Schenk (88) A. p. 31. | | | | [1029] Leuthardt (04) p. 29, Pl. XIII. figs. 1, 2. | | | | [1030] Goeppert (36²) A. Lief. I. and II. Pl. IV. | | | | [1031] Schimper (69) A. p. 607. | | | | [1032] Schenk (83) A. p. 260. | | | | [1033] Zeiller (03) Pl. IX. | | | | [1034] Fontaine, in Ward (00) Pl. LV. figs. 3–5. | | | | [1035] Bartholin (92) Pl. IX. | | | | [1036] Moeller (02). | | | | [1037] Schenk (83) A. | | | | [1038] Seward (07⁴) Pl. II. figs. 16–18. | | | | [1039] Nathorst (08). | | | | [1040] Krasser (09). | | | | [1041] Feistmantel (82) Pls. IV.–X. | | | | [1042] Seward (08) p. 95. | | | | [1043] Krasser (00) Pl. II. | | | | [1044] Zeiller (03) Pl. IX. | | | | [1045] Krasser (09) p. 21. | | | | [1046] Leuthardt (04) Pls. XIX. XX. | | | | [1047] Zigno (56) A. Pl. XXV. | | | | [1048] Raciborski (94) A. Pl. VI. | | | | [1049] Heer (80). | | | | [1050] Nathorst (08). | | | | [1051] Bayer (99). | | | | [1052] Gardner and Ettingshausen (82) Pl. XII. figs. 1–7. | | | | [1053] Stenzel (54) p. 803. | | | | [1054] Cotta (32). | | | | [1055] Sprengel (28). | | | | [1056] Stenzel (54) p. 753. | | | | [1057] Parkinson (11) A. | | | | [1058] Williamson (76). | | | | [1059] Scott (08). | | | | [1060] Butterworth (00). | | | | [1061] Grand’Eury (77) A. | | | | [1062] Grand’Eury (77) A; (90) A. | | | | [1063] Rudolph (05). | | | | [1064] Scott (08) p. 302. | | | | [1065] Butterworth (00). Pelourde (08²) has recently described the | | structure of the roots of several species of _Psaronius_. | | | | [1066] Stenzel (06). | | | | [1067] Farmer and Hill (02). | | | | [1068] Williamson (76) Pl. III. | | | | [1069] Stenzel (89) Pl. VI. | | | | [1070] Zeiller (90) p. 204, Pls. XVI. XVII.; see also Rudolph (05). | | | | [1071] Renault and Zeiller (88) A. Pls. V.–VIII. | | | | [1072] Solms-Laubach (04). | | | | [1073] Arber (05) Pl. VII. | | | | [1074] Scott (08) fig. 113; Zeiller (90) p. 246, Pl. XXI. fig. 1. | | | | [1075] Pelourde (08²). | | | | [1076] Stenzel (06) Pl. VI.; Goeppert (64) A.; Stenzel (06). | | | | [1077] Zeiller (90) Pl. XXIII. | | | | [1078] Scott (08) p. 301. | | | | [1079] Lindley and Hutton (33) A. Pl. XLII. | | | | [1080] Kidston (88) Pl. XXVI. | | | | [1081] Renault and Zeiller (88) A. Pl. XXXV. fig. 6. | | | | [1082] Kidston (86) A. p. 113. | | | | [1083] Artis (25) A. Pl. XX. | | | | [1084] Lesquereux (66) A. | | | | [1085] Renault and Zeiller (88) A. Pl. XL.; Grand’Eury (90) A. | | | | [1086] Corda (45) A.; see also Grand’Eury (90) A.; Renault and | | Zeiller (88) A. Pls. XXXVIII.–XL. | | | | [1087] Fontaine and White (80) Pl. XXXVI.; Zeiller (90) Pl. XIV. | | | | [1088] Mettenius (65); Tansley (08) p. 85. | | | | [1089] Rudolph (05). | | | | [1090] Scott, D. H. (08). | | | | [1091] Shove (00). | | | | [1092] Butterworth (00). | | | | [1093] Farmer and Hill (02). | | | | [1094] Grand’Eury (77) A. p. 98. | | | | [1095] Stur (75) A. Pl. VIII. | | | | [1096] Zeiller (00) p. 55. | | | | [1097] Kidston (89³), Pls. I. II. For other figures of | | _Rhacopteris_ see also Stur (75) A. | | | | [1098] Renault (96) A. p. 30, Pl. LXXXII. figs. 7–9. | | | | [1099] Stur (75) A. | | | | [1100] Weiss, C. E. (79). | | | | [1101] Solms-Laubach (91) A. p. 141. | | | | [1102] O. Feistmantel (75). | | | | [1103] C. Feistmantel (79). | | | | [1104] C. E. Weiss (79). | | | | [1105] Potonié (99) p. 167. | | | | [1106] Seward (03) p. 63. | | | | [1107] Carruthers (72²) Pl. XXVII. fig. 5; Seward (03) p. 62. | | | | [1108] Newberry (91) Pl. XIV. | | | | [1109] D. H. Scott (08). | | | | [1110] P. Bertrand (09). | | | | [1111] Scott (09²). | | | | [1112] Williamson (83²) A, p. 478. | | | | [1113] κοινός = Lat. _communis_, common or general. I am indebted | | to my friend Mr L. H. G. Greenwood, Fellow of Emmanuel College, for | | supplying me with a name to express the idea of the generalized | | nature of these Palaeozoic ferns. | | | | [1114] Arber (06). | | | | [1115] Renault (96) A. p. 46, Pls. XXX. XXXI. See also Tansley (08) | | fig. 2, p. 13. | | | | [1116] Cotta (32) p. 15. | | | | [1117] Stenzel (89) Pls. I. II. | | | | [1118] Stopes (06). | | | | [1119] Williamson (89) A. p. 162. The term _Rachiopteris_ was | | adopted by Williamson for petrified petioles from the Coal-Measures | | which he believed to be filicinean. | | | | [1120] Renault (75); (96) A. p. 47, Pl. XXXII. | | | | [1121] Oliver (02). | | | | [1122] Oliver (04) p. 395 (footnote). | | | | [1123] Scott, D. H. (08). | | | | [1124] Felix (86) A. | | | | [1125] Williamson (78) A. p. 351. | | | | [1126] Hick (96). | | | | [1127] Scott (08). | | | | [1128] Williamson (91²) A. p. 261. The two species described by | | Williamson as _Rachiopteris hirsuta_ and _R. ramosa_ were first | | identified as _Botryopteris_ by Scott in 1898 (_British Assoc. | | Report_, Bristol Meeting, p. 1050). | | | | [1129] Tansley (08) p. 15. | | | | [1130] Kidston (08). | | | | [1131] Oliver (02). | | | | [1132] Corda (45) A.; see also Stenzel (89) p. 26. | | | | [1133] P. Bertrand (09) pp. 136, 212. | | | | [1134] Tansley (08) p. 22. | | | | [1135] Unger and Richter (56) Pl. VI. fig. 19. | | | | [1136] Renault (96) A. p. 11. | | | | [1137] The _Diplolabis_ type of strand is very similar in the form | | of the metaxylem to the conducting strand of a lateral vein in | | _Scolopendrium officinarum_ [cf. Pelourde (09) fig. 3, p. 117]. | | | | [1138] Solms-Laubach (92). | | | | [1139] Williamson (74) A. Pls. LIV. LV. | | | | [1140] Gordon (09). Mr Gordon’s more complete account of this plant | | will shortly be published. I am indebted to him for furnishing me | | with the main facts in regard to the anatomical features. | | | | [1141] Solms-Laubach (92) Pl. II. fig. 13. | | | | [1142] Bertrand, P. (09) p. 211. | | | | [1143] Pelourde (09). | | | | [1144] Kidston and Gwynne-Vaughan (08) p. 230. | | | | [1145] _Ibid._ (09) p. 664. | | | | [1146] A Culm species _Rachiopteris aphyllus_ (Unger) is closely | | allied to _Metaclepsydropsis duplex_. [See Solms-Laubach (96) p. 30. | | | | [1147] Unger and Richter (56) p. 165. | | | | [1148] Corda (45) A. p. 83. | | | | [1149] κλεψύδρα, water-clock. | | | | [1150] P. Bertrand (09) p. 127. | | | | [1151] Stenzel (89) p. 25. | | | | [1152] Dr Scott points out to me that recent observations, which | | have not yet been published, both by Dr Kidston and himself show | | that Bertrand’s terminology requires modification. There are many | | points to be cleared up before we can hope to obtain a satisfactory | | classification of the Zygoptereae. | | | | [1153] Stenzel (89) p. 31, Pls. VI. VII. | | | | [1154] Williamson (89) A. p. 158. | | | | [1155] _Ibid._; see also Scott (08). | | | | [1156] Scott (07) p. 180. | | | | [1157] Renault (69); Williamson (74) A. p. 697. | | | | [1158] Williamson (77) Pls. V.–VII. | | | | [1159] Williamson (89) A. Pl. VIII. fig. 28. | | | | [1160] Scott (08) p. 322. | | | | [1161] No. 245. | | | | [1162] Williamson (80) A. p. 507. | | | | [1163] Scott (06). | | | | [1164] Solms-Laubach (96). | | | | [1165] Scott, D. H. (06) p. 519. | | | | [1166] British Museum, section No. 245. Cf. figures by Williamson | | and Bertrand: Williamson (77) Pl. V. fig. 19; Bertrand, P. (09) Pl. | | XII. fig. 87. | | | | [1167] Scott (07) p. 182; (08) p. 318. | | | | [1168] Weiss, F. E. (06). | | | | [1169] Williamson (77). | | | | [1170] Williamson (88) A. | | | | [1171] Jordan (03). | | | | [1172] McNicol (08). | | | | [1173] Gwynne-Vaughan (09). | | | | [1174] Compare figures of the vascular cylinders of climbing | | Dicotyledons given by Schenck (93). | | | | [1175] For a figure of the stele see Tansley (08) p. 25, fig. 20. | | | | [1176] Stenzel (89) Pls. III. and IV. | | | | [1177] Binney (72). | | | | [1178] Williamson (74) A. | | | | [1179] Bertrand, P. (09). | | | | [1180] Felix (86) A. | | | | [1181] Renault (69). | | | | [1182] Grand’Eury (77) A. Pl. XVII. | | | | [1183] Renault and Zeiller (88) A. | | | | [1184] White (99) p. 97. | | | | [1185] Binney (72); Williamson (74) A. p. 685. | | | | [1186] Williamson (74) A. p. 685. | | | | [1187] Bertrand, P. (09) Pl. VII. fig. 48. | | | | [1188] Scott (05³) p. 115. | | | | [1189] Bertrand, P. (09) Pl. VII. | | | | [1190] Scott (04); (05³). | | | | [1191] Scott (06²). | | | | [1192] Boodle (08). | | | | [1193] Scott, R. (08) Pl. XXXIV. figs. 1, 2. | | | | [1194] Baily (60) Pl. XXI. κορύνη, a club or mace. | | | | [1195] Zeiller (83). | | | | [1196] Kidston (94). | | | | [1197] Potonié (02) p. 492. | | | | [1198] Zeiller (88) A. Pl. X. | | | | [1199] Tansley (08). | | | | [1200] See p. 447. | | | | [1201] Stenzel (89) p. 15, Pls. III. IV. | | | | [1202] Lindman (04). | | | | [1203] Baker (87) A.; Sadebeck, in Engler and Prantl (02). | | | | [1204] Campbell (04); Bower (08) p. 551. | | | | [1205] Schenk (71) p. 225. | | | | [1206] Hollick (94) Pl. LXXI. | | | | [1207] Mentioned by Krasser (06) in a preliminary note. | | | | [1208] Frič and Bayer (01) p. 86, fig. 34. | | | | [1209] Heer (82) Pl. XVI. | | | | [1210] Heer (55) A. Vol. III. p. 156, Pl. CXLV. fig. 35. | | | | [1211] Goebel (05). | | | | [1212] See Seward (94) p. 441, for a description of the floating | | plants on the lagunas of Gran Chaco (S. America) by Prof. Graham | | Kerr. | | | | [1213] Bower (08) p. 611. | | | | [1214] Hollick (94). | | | | [1215] E.g. Lesquereux (78) Pl. LXIV. fig. 14; Pl. V. fig. 10. | | Staub (87) Pl. XIX. fig. 2. | | | | [1216] Zeiller (03) Pl. LI. figs. 2, 3. | | | | [1217] Heer (55) A. Vol. III. p. 156, Pl. CXLV. figs. 1–315. | | | | [1218] Zeiller (09²) p. 95. | | | | [1219] Fritel (08). | | | | [1220] See also Arber (06) p. 228. | | | | [1221] Solms-Laubach (91) A. p. 183. | | | | [1222] Dawson (86). | | | | [1223] Zeiller (88) A. p. 58. | | | | [1224] Corda (45) A. Pl. LIV. | | | | [1225] Presl, in Sternberg (38) A. | | | | [1226] Schimper (69) A. | | | | [1227] Nathorst (78) p. 17. | | | | [1228] Zigno (56) A. Pl. XX. | | | | [1229] Salfeld (09) p. 17. | | | | [1230] In a footnote to Fontaine’s description of Jurassic plants | | of Oregon, Lester Ward writes:—“Seward treats _Sagenopteris_ as a | | fern, classing it now (_Jur. Fl. Yorkshire Coast_, 1900, p. 161) in | | the family Polypodiaceae, although in his _Wealden Flora_, 1894, p. | | 129, he placed it in the Schizaeaceae.” [Ward (05) p. 83, note _b_. | | My words are “I am disposed to regard _Sagenopteris_ as probably a | | genus of ferns” (_loc. cit._ 1900, p. 161). I have never referred | | this plant to the Polypodiaceae or Schizaeaceae or to any other | | family. | | | | [1231] Solms-Laubach (91) A. p. 182. | | | | [1232] I am indebted to my friend Dr Nathorst for calling my | | attention to Lindman’s paper. | | | | [1233] For a fuller synonymy, see Seward (00) p. 162. | | | | [1234] Nathorst (04²). | | | | [1235] Bunbury (51) A. | | | | [1236] Lindley and Hutton (35) A. Pl. CLV. | | | | [1237] Yabe (05) Pl. III. fig. 16. | | | | [1238] Moeller (02) Pl. VI. fig. 10. | | | | [1239] Lindley and Hutton (33) A. Pl. LXIII. fig. 2. | | | | [1240] Seward (00) p. 169, fig. 26. | | | | [1241] Zigno (56) A. Pl. XXI. | | | | [1242] Moeller (02) Pl. VI. figs. 8, 9. | | | | [1243] Ward (05) Pl. XV. fig. 5. | | | | [1244] Bartholin (92) Pl. V. fig. 9. | | | | [1245] Presl, in Sternberg (38). | | | | [1246] Zigno (56) A. Pls. XXI. XXII.; Raciborski (94) A. Pl. XX. | | figs. 13–18. | | | | [1247] Brongniart (25) Pl. XII. fig. 1. | | | | [1248] Fontaine, in Ward (05); Salfeld (09) Pl. I. | | | | [1249] Schenk (67) A. Pl. XIII. | | | | [1250] Arber (05) p. 75. | | | | [1251] Seward (94²) A. p. 130. | | | | [1252] Velenovský (85) Pl. II. | | | | [1253] Fontaine, in Ward (05) Pl. LXV. Newberry’s _Chiropteris | | spatulata_ from Montana may be founded on leaflets of _Sagenopteris | | Mantelli_. Newberry (91). | | | | [1254] Brongniart (28) A. p. 61. | | | | [1255] White (93). | | | | [1256] White (99) p. 143. | | | | [1257] Schimper (69) A. p. 610. | | | | [1258] Sellards (01). | | | | [1259] Weiss, C. E. (69) p. 98, Pl. VI. fig. 13. | | | | [1260] Zeiller (94) p. 169. | | | | [1261] Renault (96) A. p. 1. | | | | [1262] Zeiller (90) Pls. XII. XIII. | | | | [1263] Fontaine and White (80) Pl. XXXIV. | | | | [1264] Fontaine and White (80) Pl. XXXIV. figs. 1–8. | | | | [1265] Sellards (01). | | | | [1266] Grand’Eury (77) A. p. 171. | | | | [1267] Renault and Zeiller (88) A. | | | | [1268] Potonié (93) A. p. 145, Pl. XVII. fig. 3. | | | | [1269] Renault and Zeiller (88) A. p. 282, Pl. XXII. fig. 10. | | | | [1270] Feistmantel (81) A. Pls. XXI. A. XXII. A. | | | | [1271] Oldham and Morris (63) p. 41. | | | | [1272] Schenk (67) A. Pl. XXVIII. fig. 12. | | | | [1273] Nathorst (78) Pl. IX. | | | | [1274] Feistmantel (90) A. Pl. XXVII. | | | | [1275] Saporta (73) A. Pls. LXI. LXII. | | | | [1276] Zeiller (02) Pls. X.–XIV. p. 66. | | | | [1277] Zeiller (02) Pl. XI. fig. 4. | | | | [1278] Zeiller (02) Pl. XIII. For synonymy, see also Arber (05) p. | | 124. | | | | [1279] Seward (04) figs. 18–22. | | | | [1280] Seward (08) p. 98. | | | | [1281] Geinitz (76) Pl. II. figs. 1–3. | | | | [1282] Nathorst (78) Pl. XIX. | | | | [1283] Zeiller (02) Pl. XIV. | | | | [1284] For synonymy and distribution, see Seward (00) pp. 159, 304. | | | | [1285] Schenk (67) A. Pl. XXV. See also Bartholin (92) Pl. IX. fig. | | 7. | | | | [1286] Etheridge (94²). | | | | [1287] Lindley and Hutton (33) A. Pl. XCII. | | | | [1288] Seward (00) p. 14. | | | | [1289] Schenk (71) Pl. XXIX.; Seward (94²) A. p. 125. | | | | [1290] Stiehler (58) Pls. XII. XIII. | | | | [1291] See p. 576. | | | | [1292] Nathorst (90). | | | | [1293] For figures, see Stiehler _loc. cit._ and Hosius and Von der | | Marck (80) Pls. XLIII. XLIV. | | | | [1294] For synonymy, see Fontaine, in Ward (99) p. 651; Seward | | (94²) A. p. 114; Seward (00) p. 20. | | | | [1295] Brongniart (22) A. Pl. II. fig. 4. | | | | [1296] Brongniart (28²) A. Pls. LXII. LXIII. | | | | [1297] Schimper (69) A. p. 645. | | | | [1298] Seward (97²) A. p. 317. | | | | [1299] For figures see Zeiller (96) A.; Zeiller (02), (03); Arber | | (05); Seward (97) A. | | | | [1300] Arber (05²); Seward (07²). | | | | [1301] Bunbury (61) Pl. XI. | | | | [1302] Zeiller (96) A. | | | | [1303] Oldham (97); Zeiller (97²). | | | | [1304] Seward (97) A. (07²); Arber (02²) p. 20; Zeiller (96) A. p. | | 374. | | | | [1305] White (08) p. 535. | | | | [1306] Zeiller (02). | | | | [1307] Potonié (00). | | | | [1308] Seward (04³); Zeiller (97³); Arber (05) p. 17; D. White (07). | | | | [1309] Amalitzky (01); Zeiller (98²). | | | | [1310] Zeiller (02). | | | | [1311] D. White (07) p. 617 (footnote 2). | | | | [1312] For synonymy, see Arber (05) p. 48. | | | | [1313] Zeiller (96) A. | | | | [1314] McCoy (47). | | | | [1315] Zeiller (96) A. | | | | [1316] Arber (05); (05²). | | | | [1317] Seward (97) A; (07). | | | | [1318] Royle (33). | | | | [1319] Zeiller (96) A. | | | | [1320] Zeiller (96) A. | | | | [1321] Oldham (97). | | | | [1322] Zeiller (02). | | | | [1323] Zeiller (02) Pl. V. fig. 7. | | | | [1324] Etheridge (94). | | | | [1325] Arber (05) p. 47. | | | | [1326] Zeiller (96) A. p. 368, fig. 13. | | | | [1327] Zeiller (02); (03). | | | | [1328] Oldham (97). | | | | [1329] Amalitzky (01). | | | | [1330] Zeiller (03) Pl. XVI. | | | | [1331] Zeiller (02). | | | | [1332] Seward and Leslie (08) p. 113. | | | | [1333] Dawson (71) A. Pl. XVII.; Fontaine and White (80) p. 11; | | White (95) p. 315; Arber (05³) p. 307, Pl. XX. | | | | [1334] Jack and Etheridge (92). | | | | [1335] Lesquereux (79) A. Pl. XXV.; Renault and Zeiller (88) A. Pl. | | XXIII. See p. 517. | | | | [1336] Etheridge (99). | | | | [1337] Feistmantel (80) Pls. XXVIII. A., XLI. A. | | | | [1338] Seward (07). | | | | [1339] McCoy (47). | | | | [1340] Arber (02²). | | | | [1341] McCoy (60) p. 107 (footnote). | | | | [1342] McCoy (75). | | | | [1343] Feistmantel (79). | | | | [1344] Seward and Woodward (05) p. 2. | | | | [1345] Arber (02²) p. 14. | | | | [1346] White, D. (07). | | | | [1347] Arber (05). | | | | [1348] Carruthers (69²) p. 9, Pl. VI. fig. 1. | | | | [1349] Seward (03) p. 83. | | | | [1350] Hayden (07); Seward (07⁵). | | | | [1351] Darwin (87) A. Vol. III. p. 248. | | | | [1352] For synonymy, see Arber (05) p. 104. | | | | [1353] Seward and Smith Woodward (05); (07⁵). | | | | [1354] White (08) pp. 473, 483. | | | | [1355] Stur (84) p. 638. | | | | [1356] White (08) p. 537, Pl. VIII. figs. 8–10. | | | | [1357] _Ibid._ p. 543, Pl. IX. figs. 1–3. | | | | [1358] Feistmantel (80) Pl. XXVII. fig. 5. | | | | [1359] Lesquereux (80) A. p. 142; Pl. XXV. | | | | [1360] Brongniart (28) A. p. 129. | | | | [1361] Grand’Eury (90) A. Pl. VIII. fig. 5. | | | | [1362] Zeiller (90) p. 166, Pl. XIII. fig. 2. | | | | [1363] Renault and Zeiller (88) A. Pl. XXIII. fig. 6. | | | | [1364] Lesquereux, _loc. cit._ | | | | [1365] White (05²) p. 381. | | | | [1366] Grand’Eury (90) A. p. 305. | | | | [1367] Schimper and Mougeot (44) A. | | | | [1368] Schimper (69) A. p. 447. | | | | [1369] Carruthers (69²). | | | | [1370] See Arber (05) p. 116; Seward (03) p. 85. | | | | [1371] White (08) p. 483. | | | | [1372] Seward (03) p. 83. | | | | [1373] Zeiller (95) p. 616. | | | | [1374] Feistmantel (79). | | | | [1375] Kurtz (94). | | | | [1376] Schimper and Mougeot (44) A. Pl. XXXVIII. | | | | [1377] Blanckenhorn (85) p. 127, Pls. XVII.–XIX. | | | | [1378] Vol. I. p. 292. | | | | [1379] Zeiller (00²). | | | | [1380] Blanckenhorn (85) p. 129, Pl. XXI. | | | | [1381] Blanckenhorn _loc. cit._ The specimens figured by this | | author are in the Strassburg Museum, as are also some of those | | figured by Schimper and Mougeot. | | | | [1382] Schimper (69) A. p. 452. | | | | [1383] Schimper and Koechlin-Schlumberger (62) A. | | | | [1384] _Ibid._ | | | | [1385] Fritsch, K. (97). | | | | [1386] Stur (75) A. Pl. XIV. fig. 1. | | | | [1387] Grigoriew (98) Pl. IV. | | | | [1388] Schuster (08) p. 184. | | | | [1389] Presl, in Sternberg (38) A. | | | | [1390] For synonymy, see Zeiller (88) A. p. 301. | | | | [1391] Page 406. | | | | [1392] Potonié (03) p. 162. | | | | [1393] Zeiller (06) Pls. VI. VII. | | | | [1394] Arber (06). | | | | [1395] Renault and Zeiller (88) A.; Zeiller (88) A. Pl. LI. | | | | [1396] Renault and Zeiller (88) A. Pl. XXIV. | | | | [1397] Grand’Eury (90) A. Pl. XIX. | | | | [1398] Kidston (91) Pl. XXXV. | | | | [1399] Goebel (05) p. 318. | | | | [1400] See p. 406, fig. 293; Potonié (03) also figures a young | | frond of _Dactylotheca plumosa_ partially covered by Aphlebiae. | | | | [1401] Seward (00) Pl. XXI. fig. 1. | | | | [1402] _Ibid._ p. 145. | | | | [1403] Raciborski (94) A. Pl. XI. | | | | [1404] Brongniart (22) A. | | | | [1405] For synonymy, see Kidston (86) p. 68. | | | | [1406] Kidston (94) p. 298. | | | | [1407] Zeiller (88) A. p. 147, Pls. IV. V.; Kidston (86) p. 80. | | | | [1408] See p. 535. | | | | [1409] Lindley and Hutton (31) A. Pl. XLV. | | | | [1410] Peach (78). | | | | [1411] Kidston (87) p. 145. | | | | [1412] This species will be described in Vol. III. | | | | [1413] Benson (04). | | | | [1414] Miller (57), Frontispiece. | | | | [1415] Scott (05²) p. 144. | | | | [1416] Grand’Eury (05²). | | | | [1417] Kidston (01²) p. 191. | | | | [1418] Potonié (95); (99). | | | | [1419] Zeiller (79²). | | | | [1420] Kidston (01²) p. 195. | | | | [1421] For synonymy, see Kidston (03) p. 771. | | | | [1422] Grand’Eury (08). | | | | [1423] Stur (75) A. p. 120. | | | | [1424] Zeiller (79²); (88) A. p. 142. | | | | [1425] Kidston (94) p. 240. | | | | [1426] Zeiller (88) A. p. 147. | | | | [1427] _Ibid._ Pl. XVI. | | | | [1428] Potonié (92). | | | | [1429] Nathorst (02) p. 15. | | | | [1430] Crépin (75). Previously described by Crépin (74) as | | _Psilophyton_. | | | | [1431] Gilkinet (75). | | | | [1432] Nathorst (02). | | | | [1433] Zeiller (09²) p. 20. | | | | [1434] Ettingshausen (52). | | | | [1435] Sellards (00). | | | | [1436] For synonymy, see Seward (03) p. 52. | | | | [1437] Solms-Laubach and Steinmann (99) Pl. XIV. fig. 2; Szajnocha | | (88). | | | | [1438] Geinitz (76) Pl. I. | | | | [1439] Seward (08) p. 95. | | | | [1440] Feistmantel (90) A. Pl. XXIV. | | | | [1441] Zeiller (03). | | | | [1442] For references, see Seward (04) p. 31. | | | | [1443] Berry (03). | | | | [1444] Seward (04) p. 31. | | | | [1445] Hollick and Jeffrey (09) p. 24. | | | | [1446] Raciborski (94) A. Pl. XX. figs. 1, 2; Zeiller (00²) p. 98. | | | | [1447] v. 5950. | | | | [1448] Fontaine (89) Pls. XVII. XVIII. | | | | [1449] Solms-Laubach (91) A. p. 141. | | | | [1450] Schimper (69) A. p. 472. | | | | [1451] Kurr (45) Pl. II. fig. 1. | | | | [1452] Seward (04) p. 30. | | | | [1453] Saporta (73) A. | | | | [1454] Schenk (67) A. | | | | [1455] Salfeld (07) p. 192. | | | | [1456] Seward (04) p. 34, fig. 2, Pl. IV. | | | | [1457] Salfeld (09). | | | | [1458] Schenk (76) Pl. XXVI. fig. 7. | | | | [1459] Salfeld (09) p. 34. | | | | [1460] Zigno (56) A. | | | | [1461] Solms-Laubach (91) A. p. 114. | | | | [1462] Nathorst (78). | | | | [1463] Saporta (73) A. p. 352. | | | | [1464] Nathorst (78) p. 122. | | | | [1465] Zeiller (03) p. 52. | | | | [1466] Leckenby (64) A. Pl. X. fig. 1; Seward (04) p. 36. | | | | [1467] Schenk (87). | | | | [1468] Zeiller (03) Pls. VI.–VIII. | | | | [1469] Zigno (56) A. Pls. XII. XIII. | | | | [1470] Seward (00) p. 170. | | | | [1471] Brongniart (28) A. p. 49. | | | | [1472] Seward (00) p. 171. | | | | [1473] Saporta (73) A. p. 368. | | | | [1474] Krasser (95). | | | | [1475] Saporta (73) A. Pl. XLVII. | | | | [1476] Brongniart (28) A. p. 60. | | | | [1477] Kidston (01²) p. 196. | | | | [1478] Potonié (93) A. Pl. XV. | | | | [1479] Kidston (89) p. 409. | | | | [1480] Zeiller (06) Pls. XIX.–XXII.; (00²) p. 100, fig. 73. | | | | [1481] Weiss, C. E. (70). | | | | [1482] Zeiller (06) p. 90. | | | | [1483] Lesquereux (80) A. p. 131; Weiss (70). | | | | [1484] Weiss (69) p. 37. | | | | [1485] Grand’Eury (77) A. Pl. A. | | | | [1486] Renault and Zeiller (88) A. p. 219. | | | | [1487] Stur (84). | | | | [1488] Grand’Eury (77) A. Pl. XIII. | | | | [1489] Grand’Eury (08). | | | | [1490] Renault and Zeiller (88) A. Pl. XXIV. | | | | [1491] Weiss, C. E. (69); Goeppert (64) A.; Potonié (93) A, (04); | | Lesquereux (80) A., p. 124; White (99) p. 125. | | | | [1492] Seward (08) p. 97, Pl. VIII. | | | | [1493] Brongniart, in Murchison, Verneuil, and Keyserling (45) Pl. | | A. | | | | [1494] Weiss, C. E. (70) p. 871. | | | | [1495] Brongniart (49) A. p. 24. | | | | [1496] Grand’Eury (06). | | | | [1497] Weiss (69) Pls. VI. VII. | | | | [1498] Potonié (93) A. Pl. I. figs. 1, 2. | | | | [1499] Weber and Sterzel (96) p. 99. | | | | [1500] Zeiller (90) p. 84. | | | | [1501] Zeiller (98³). | | | | [1502] For figures of this and other species, see Potonié (07). | | | | [1503] For synonymy, see Zeiller (90) p. 87 and Potonié (07) p. 2. | | | | [1504] Schuster (08) Pl. VIII. fig. 7. | | | | [1505] Weiss, C. E. (70). | | | | [1506] Schlotheim (20) A. p. 406. | | | | [1507] Renault and Zeiller (88) A. Pl. XIX. | | | | [1508] White (05²) p. 388. | | | | [1509] Forbes (53) p. 43. | | | | [1510] Baily (59) p. 75. | | | | [1511] Schimper (69) A. p. 473. | | | | [1512] Dawson (71) A. p. 48; (82). | | | | [1513] Kidston (91²) p. 30, Pl. III.; (06) p. 434. | | | | [1514] Baily (75) Pl. XXVIII. | | | | [1515] Carruthers (72²) Pl. II. | | | | [1516] Dawson (71) A. | | | | [1517] Smith and White (05) p. 39. | | | | [1518] Lesquereux (80) A. | | | | [1519] Crépin (74). | | | | [1520] Nathorst (02). | | | | [1521] Schmalhausen (94). | | | | [1522] Nathorst (04). | | | | [1523] Krasser (00) Pl. I. figs. 3–7. | | | | [1524] Zeiller (03²) p. 27. | | | | [1525] Stur (75) A. Pls. VIII. XII. XVI. | | | | [1526] Kidston (88²). | | | | [1527] Grand’Eury (08). | | | | [1528] Brongniart (22) A. | | | | [1529] Kidston (05²). | | | | [1530] Renault (76). | | | | [1531] Grand’Eury (08). | | | | [1532] White (99) p. 128. | | | | [1533] Grand’Eury (77) A. p. 122. | | | | [1534] Zeiller (90) Pl. XI. fig. 6. | | | | [1535] Potonié (99) p. 113. | | | | [1536] Renault (82) A. Vol. III.; Zeiller (90) p. 139. | | | | [1537] Grand’Eury (77) A. p. 105. | | | | [1538] Brongniart (22) A. Pl. II. fig. 6. For synonymy, see Kidston | | (03) p. 773; Zeiller (88) A. p. 261. | | | | [1539] For synonymy, see Kidston (88) p. 354. | | | | [1540] Scheuchzer (1723) A. p. 129, Pl. X. fig. 3. | | | | [1541] Lhywd (1760) A. Pl. V. fig. 190. | | | | [1542] Lesquereux (79) A. Pl. VIII. | | | | [1543] Fontaine and White (80) p. 47. | | | | [1544] Bunbury (47) Pl. XXI. | | | | [1545] Kidston (94) p. 357; (03) p. 806. | | | | [1546] White (99) p. 132. | | | | [1547] Zeiller (88) A. p. 251. | | | | [1548] See Vol. I. p. 45. | | | | [1549] Zalessky (07) Pl. XXIV. fig. 5. | | | | [1550] Zeiller (88) A. p. 251. | | | | [1551] Renault and Zeiller (88) A. p. 251, Pl. XXXII. | | | | [1552] Brongniart (28) A. p. 51. | | | | [1553] Lindley and Hutton (33) A. p. 28. | | | | [1554] Lesquereux (66) A. | | | | [1555] Roehl (69). | | | | [1556] Seward (88). | | | | [1557] Potonié (99) p. 153 (note). | | | | [1558] Gutbier (35). | | | | [1559] Presl, in Sternberg (38) A. | | | | [1560] Grand’Eury (04). | | | | [1561] Zeiller (90) Pl. XI. fig. 9. | | | | [1562] Zeiller (99) p. 46. | | | | [1563] Bunbury (47) A. p. 427. | | | | [1564] Lyell (45) A. Vol. II. p. 202. | | | | [1565] Lesquereux (80) A. p. 146. | | | | [1566] Sternberg (26) A. | | | | [1567] Grand’Eury (04). | | | | [1568] Grand’Eury (90) A. | | | | [1569] Zeiller (90) Pl. IX. fig. 6, A. | | | | [1570] Stur (83). | | | | [1571] Scott (07) p. 206; Scott and Maslen (06) p. 112. | | | | [1572] Grand’Eury (04). | | | | [1573] For synonymy, see Kidston (03) p. 772: Zeiller (88) A. | | | | [1574] Scheuchzer (1723) A. Pl. I. fig. 4. | | | | [1575] Kidston (94) p. 245. | | | | [1576] For synonymy, see Kidston (94) p. 596; (03) p. 806; White | | (99) p. 117. | | | | [1577] Grand’Eury (04). | | | | [1578] Kidston (94) p. 245. | | | | [1579] Brongniart (28) A. p. 59. | | | | [1580] Page 494. | | | | [1581] Kidston (94) p. 596. | | | | [1582] Grand’Eury (05). | | | | [1583] Potonié (92²); (93) p. 54. | | | | [1584] For synonymy, see Kidston (88) p. 366. | | | | [1585] Zeiller (90) p. 45; Potonié (93) A. p. 57. | | | | [1586] Germar (44) Pls. XXXV. XXXVI. | | | | [1587] Kidston (88) p. 366. | | | | [1588] Stur (83). | | | | [1589] Renault and Zeiller (88) A. p. 196. | | | | [1590] Potonié (93) A. p. 48. | | | | [1591] Zeiller (00²) p. 88. | | | | [1592] Page 397. | | | | [1593] Renault and Zeiller (88) A. p. 178, Pls. V.–VIII. _Ante_, p. | | 419. | | | | [1594] Potonié (02). | | | | [1595] Schimper (69) A. p. 688. | +----------------------------------------------------------------------+