Chapter I: Front Matter

FRENCH AND GERMAN
SOCIALISM IN MODERN TIMES

BY
RICHARD T. ELY, PH.D., LL.D.

PROFESSOR OF POLITICAL ECONOMY AND DIRECTOR OF THE SCHOOL
OF ECONOMICS, POLITICAL SCIENCE, AND HISTORY
IN THE UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN

NEW YORK AND LONDON
HARPER & BROTHERS PUBLISHERS
1900

Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1883, by
HARPER & BROTHERS,
In the Office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington.

_All rights reserved._

PREFATORY NOTE.

The publication of this volume is due to the friendly counsel of the Hon. Andrew D. White, president of Cornell University; a gentleman tireless in his efforts to encourage young men, and alive to every opportunity to speak fitting words of hope and cheer. Like many of the younger scholars of our country, I am indebted to him more than I can say.

The present work is based on lectures delivered in Baltimore before the students of the Johns Hopkins University, and in Ithaca before the students of Cornell University. Although these lectures have been thoroughly revised and, in fact, rewritten, traces of this origin will be found in a certain freedom of style and matter, which will, I trust, render the book neither less interesting nor less instructive.

My aim is to give a perfectly fair, impartial presentation of modern communism and socialism in their two strongholds, France and Germany. I believe that, in so doing, I am rendering a service to the friends of law and order.

RICHARD T. ELY.

JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY, BALTIMORE, _August 3, 1883_.

CONTENTS.

Chapter Page

I. THE FRENCH REVOLUTION AND THE LABORING CLASSES 1

II. BABŒUF 29

III. CABET 39

IV. SAINT-SIMON 53

V. FOURIER 81

VI. LOUIS BLANC 108

VII. PROUDHON 124

VIII. SOCIALISM IN FRANCE SINCE PROUDHON 143

IX. RODBERTUS 156

X. KARL MARX 170

XI. THE INTERNATIONAL WORKINGMEN’S ASSOCIATION 183

XII. FERDINAND LASSALLE 189

XIII. THE IDEAL OF SOCIAL DEMOCRACY 204

XIV. SOCIAL DEMOCRACY SINCE THE DEATH OF LASSALLE 211

XV. SOCIALISM OF THE CHAIR 235

XVI. CHRISTIAN SOCIALISM 245

INDEX 263

FRENCH AND GERMAN SOCIALISM IN MODERN TIMES.