Chapter XX: Appendix: (selected Data for Mining Men) (2)

+----------+-------------------+------------------+--------------+
| Year. | Per Month. | Per Week. | Per Day. |
+----------+-------------------+------------------+--------------+
| £ | £ s. d. | £ s. d. | s. d. |
| 1 | 0 1 8 | 0 0 4½ | 0 0¾ |
| 2 | 0 3 4 | 0 0 9¼ | 0 1¼ |
| 3 | 0 5 0 | 0 1 1¾ | 0 2 |
| 4 | 0 6 8 | 0 1 6½ | 0 2¾ |
| 5 | 0 8 4 | 0 1 11 | 0 3¼ |
| 6 | 0 10 0 | 0 2 1¾ | 0 4 |
| 7 | 0 11 8 | 0 2 8¼ | 0 4½ |
| 8 | 0 13 4 | 0 3 1 | 0 5¼ |
| 9 | 0 15 0 | 0 3 5½ | 0 6 |
| 10 | 0 16 8 | 0 3 10¼ | 0 6½ |
| 11 | 0 18 4 | 0 4 3¾ | 0 7¼ |
| 12 | 1 0 0 | 0 4 7½ | 0 8 |
| 13 | 1 1 8 | 0 5 0 | 0 8½ |
| 14 | 1 3 4 | 0 5 4½ | 0 9¼ |
| 15 | 1 5 0 | 0 5 9¼ | 0 9¾ |
| 16 | 1 6 8 | 0 6 1¾ | 0 10½ |
| 17 | 1 8 4 | 0 6 6½ | 0 11¼ |
| 18 | 1 10 0 | 0 6 11 | 0 11¾ |
| 19 | 1 11 8 | 0 7 3½ | 1 0½ |
| 20 | 1 13 4 | 0 7 8¼ | 1 1¼ |
| 30 | 2 10 0 | 0 11 6½ | 1 7¾ |
| 40 | 3 6 8 | 0 15 4½ | 2 2¼ |
| 50 | 4 3 4 | 0 19 2¾ | 2 9 |
| 60 | 5 0 0 | 1 3 1 | 3 3½ |
| 70 | 5 16 8 | 1 6 11 | 3 10 |
| 80 | 6 13 4 | 1 10 9¼ | 4 4½ |
| 90 | 7 10 0 | 1 14 7½ | 4 11½ |
| 100 | 8 6 8 | 1 18 5½ | 5 5¾ |
+----------+-------------------+------------------+--------------+

If the Wages be Guineas instead of Pounds, for each Guinea add 1_d._ to each month, or 1/4_d._ to each week.

HANDY UNIVERSAL INTEREST TABLE.

(By Alfred Fryer.)

Showing the Interest, to the 100th part of a farthing, on any Sum from £1 to £1,000,000, for any number of days, at any rate per cent.

+----------+---------+-----+------+-----+--------+
| | £ | s. | d. | f. | 100ths |
+----------+---------+-----+------+-----+--------+
| 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 |
| 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 26 |
| 3 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 3 | 89 |
| 4 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 52 |
| 5 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 1 | 15 |
| 6 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 3 | 78 |
| 7 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 2 | 41 |
| 8 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 1 | 4 |
| 9 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 3 | 67 |
| 10 | 0 | 0 | 6 | 2 | 30 |
| 20 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 60 |
| 30 | 0 | 1 | 7 | 2 | 90 |
| 40 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 21 |
| 50 | 0 | 2 | 8 | 3 | 51 |
| 60 | 0 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 81 |
| 70 | 0 | 3 | 10 | 0 | 11 |
| 80 | 0 | 4 | 4 | 2 | 41 |
| 90 | 0 | 4 | 11 | 0 | 71 |
| 100 | 0 | 5 | 5 | 3 | 1 |
| 200 | 0 | 10 | 11 | 2 | 3 |
| 300 | 0 | 16 | 5 | 1 | 4 |
| 400 | 1 | 1 | 11 | 0 | 5 |
| 500 | 1 | 7 | 4 | 3 | 7 |
| 600 | 1 | 12 | 10 | 2 | 8 |
| 700 | 1 | 18 | 4 | 1 | 10 |
| 800 | 2 | 3 | 10 | 0 | 11 |
| 900 | 2 | 9 | 3 | 3 | 12 |
| 1,000 | 2 | 14 | 9 | 2 | 14 |
| 2,000 | 5 | 9 | 7 | 0 | 27 |
| 3,000 | 8 | 4 | 4 | 2 | 41 |
| 4,000 | 10 | 19 | 2 | 0 | 55 |
| 5,000 | 13 | 13 | 11 | 2 | 68 |
| 6,000 | 16 | 8 | 9 | 0 | 82 |
| 7,000 | 19 | 3 | 6 | 2 | 96 |
| 8,000 | 21 | 18 | 4 | 1 | 10 |
| 9,000 | 24 | 13 | 1 | 3 | 23 |
| 10,000 | 27 | 7 | 11 | 1 | 37 |
| 20,000 | 54 | 15 | 10 | 2 | 74 |
| 30,000 | 82 | 3 | 10 | 0 | 11 |
| 40,000 | 109 | 11 | 9 | 1 | 48 |
| 50,000 | 136 | 19 | 8 | 2 | 85 |
| 60,000 | 164 | 7 | 8 | 0 | 22 |
| 70,000 | 191 | 15 | 7 | 1 | 59 |
| 80,000 | 219 | 3 | 6 | 0 | 96 |
| 90,000 | 246 | 11 | 6 | 0 | 32 |
| 100,000 | 273 | 19 | 5 | 1 | 70 |
| 200,000 | 547 | 18 | 10 | 3 | 40 |
| 300,000 | 821 | 18 | 4 | 1 | 9 |
| 400,000 | 1095 | 17 | 9 | 2 | 79 |
| 500,000 | 1369 | 17 | 3 | 0 | 49 |
| 600,000 | 643 | 16 | 8 | 2 | 19 |
| 700,000 | 917 | 16 | 1 | 3 | 89 |
| 800,000 | 2191 | 15 | 7 | 1 | 59 |
| 900,000 | 2465 | 15 | 0 | 3 | 29 |
|1,000,000 | 2739 | 14 | 6 | 0 | 99 |
+----------+---------+-----+------+-----+--------+

THE RULE.--Multiply the number of £ upon which the interest is to be
calculated by the number of days, and then multiply this product by the
rate of interest, strike out the last two figures to the right hand, and
find from the table the interest on the remaining figures.

_Example._--What is the interest of £271 for 90 days at 7 per cent. per
ann.?

Multiply £271
by 90 number of days
------
then multiply 24390
by 7 rate of interest
------
170730
strike out last 2 figures,
viz.: 30, and in the table £ | s. | d. | f. | 100ths. |
against 1000 you find 2 | 14 | 9 | 2 | 14 |
” 700 ” 1 | 18 | 4 | 1 | 10 |
” 7 ” 0 | 0 | 4 | 2 | 41 |
-------------------------------
4 | 13 | 6 | 1 | 65 |

If the product of the number of £ on which the interest be calculated × number of days × rate of interest is, after elision of the last two figures, a multiple of a million, multiply the figures in table against 1,000,000 by the number of that multiple.

AUSTRALIAN MINING REGULATIONS.

NEW SOUTH WALES.

By the Mining Act of 1874, the Governor was empowered to proclaim Crown lands to be gold-fields, and to grant “miners’ rights” at a fee of 10_s._, between January and June exclusive, of each year, and 5_s._ after that date in each year, subject to certain regulations to be from to time to time prescribed. All miners’ rights terminate with the last day of the year, and without a miner’s right no person is allowed to mine for gold, under a penalty not exceeding £10. Business licences may also be granted enabling persons to occupy Crown lands within gold-fields for business purposes, on payment of a fee of £1 for a year, and 10_s._ for six months. Leases of auriferous lands may be obtained in accordance with the regulations for the time being, the rent to be fixed by the Governor in Council (£1 per acre for one to twenty-five acres alluvial and quartz reef). Special leases may be granted up to 100 acres. By the regulations issued on March 31, 1882, it is enacted that any parcel of new or unworked land, taken possession of with a view of obtaining a lease, shall be efficiently and continuously worked from the date of possession by not less than two men to four acres or less, and an additional man to every other two acres, under pain of forfeiture of the title to the land. The holder of a miner’s right may apply for authority to search for gold, and the holder of a mineral licence may apply for authority to search for minerals on land aforesaid.

At the expiration of two months the Warden may grant an authority to search on such land, and the holder may, within the period named in the authority, remove from any vein or lode outcropping at the surface 28 lb. weight, but must not break the ground.

Application to lease may be made and lodged with the Warden of the district, or nearest Warden’s Clerk, within one month from date of authority to search:

1. By the holder of an authority to search, the area not to exceed 20 acres for gold-mining, or 80 acres for other minerals.

2. By the holder of a miner’s right, the area not to exceed 20 acres of ordinary auriferous land, or 40 acres of alluvial auriferous land, where the mining operations will be conducted through basaltic rock formation, or where steam machinery is necessary to contend against water, or where a large outlay of money is necessary.

3. By the holder of a mineral licence to mine for silver, lead, tin, antimony, the area not to exceed 80 acres.

4. By the holder of a prospecting licence, within 30 days after discovery of an auriferous quartz vein in a prospecting area, area not to exceed 20 acres.

5. By the holder of a miner’s right or mineral licence, for the purpose of cutting races, conveying water or detritus to any mine, tramway, machine site, smelting works, water conservation, or other purpose connected with mining.

With every application to lease, the applicant, not being the owner of the land, shall deposit for rent for first half year, 10_s._ for every acre or part of an acre. Fees are required for the survey of the leasehold and road thereto, and also for appraising damage.

The owner may agree with the applicant to lease upon the amount of compensation and the mode of payment of same, otherwise an appraiser appointed by the Government may assess the amount of compensation to be paid by the applicant to the owner. If the applicant fail to pay the compensation awarded within the time specified, the application shall become void, and all moneys deposited shall become forfeited.

VICTORIA.

Miners’ rights are issued at the rate of 5_s._ per annum, and consolidated miners’ rights may be issued on the application of the manager or trustees of any company agreeing to work in partnership any claims registered under the Act, on payment of a sum at the prescribed rate multiplied by the number of miners’ rights so consolidated. Miners’ rights entitle the holders to take possession of, and reside on and mine, so much of the Crown lands as may be prescribed by the bylaws of the Local Mining Board. Business licences enable the holders to occupy and carry on business on the gold-fields, on lands not exceeding one acre in extent, and are issued at £2 10_s._ for six months, and £5 for twelve months. A lease may be granted of not more than 100 acres in one lot for such term as the Governor may determine and at a nominal rent, to any holder of a miners’ right who may be desirous to prospect for gold in any place where sinking through basalt will be necessary, and to which no part of any gold workings shall be nearer than five miles, one mile being allowed to be marked off for the prospecting, and the lease of 100 acres to be granted only in case of remunerative gold being found.

Gold-mining leases may be granted under Part I. of the “Mines Act 1890,” of Crown lands, pastoral areas, also lands alienated in fee since December 29, 1884, lands licensed or leased (with right of purchase) since December 29, 1884.

Leases to mine for gold and silver may be granted under Part II. of the “Mines Act 1890,” of lands alienated in fee prior to December 29, 1884.

The rent on gold-mining leases of any lands--except lands alienated in fee prior to December 29, 1884--is at the rate of 5_s._ per acre per annum, payable half-yearly in advance; and for lands alienated in fee prior to December 29, 1884, the rent is, for any area up to 40 acres, £1 per annum, payable quarterly in advance in each case. On mineral leases the rent is not less than 3_d._ or more than £5 per acre per annum, payable half-yearly, in advance.

The amount to be lodged with an application for mining lease is £5, and such further sum as may be required to cover cost of survey.

Licences to cut, construct, and use races, drains, dams, and reservoirs for mining purposes, may be granted for a term not to exceed fifteen years, at a minimum rent of £2 per annum in advance.

SOUTH AUSTRALIA.

A miner’s right authorises the holder to prospect for any metal, mineral, coal, or oil, the property of the Crown; under a gold claim of 20 acres, a mineral claim not exceeding 40 acres, and a coal or oil claim, 640 acres. Ownership of claim confers the right to reside thereon, and preferential right to a lease.

The dimensions of a gold claim are for an ordinary reef claim, 100 by 600 feet, and an ordinary alluvial claim 30 by 30 feet, with a labour condition requiring one man to be kept employed. A mineral claim of 40 acres requires two men; coal and oil claims (640 acres) require eight men. A business licence (quarter acre in township, and one acre on other land) costs 10_s._ for six months and £1 for one year. Occupation licence (half acre), 2_s._ per annum, term fourteen years. A person may hold any number of claims (except alluvial claims, of which only one can be held at one time), but for each claim must hold a miner’s right.

Gold leases not exceeding 20 acres, term forty-two years, rent 1_s._ per acre and 6_d._ in the pound on net profits; labour, one man to every 5 acres. Mineral leases not exceeding 40 acres, term forty-two years, rent 1_s._ per acre, and 6_d._ in the pound on net profits; labour, one man to every 10 acres. Coal and oil leases (640 acres), term forty-two years, rent 6_d._ per acre until coal or oil is found in payable quantities, then 1_s._ per acre; labour, one man for every 40 acres. Miscellaneous lease for salt and gypsum, 40 acres; mineral springs, 20 acres, and smelting works’ site, 5 acres, term forty-two years; labour for salt and gypsum and mineral springs, two men for each 40 acres.

Any number of leases may be held, but a miner’s right for each is required. All claims must be constantly worked, and must be registered within thirty days after being pegged out.

WESTERN AUSTRALIA.

On April 17, 1884, amended Mining Regulations were issued, empowering the Governor to proclaim any portion of Crown land to be a gold-field, and to appoint Wardens, who could grant miner’s rights to any person upon payment of £1 per year, authorising the holder to search and mine for gold on any waste land upon registering the occupation of the claim with the Warden or other duly appointed officer.

Alluvial ordinary claims to comprise an area of 16 by 16 yards for one person, ordinary river and steam claims to have a frontage of 20 yards on the course of the river or stream, and a depth of 50 yards on both banks; ordinary quartz claims not to exceed 50 feet in length on the supposed course of the reef by a width not exceeding 400 feet. Any ground taken up for mining and unoccupied and unworked for ten days to be considered as abandoned.

On October 1, 1886, “Regulations for the Management of Gold-fields” came into operation, dealing with the conditions under which a miner desirous of prospecting may mark off and hold a protection area; also as regards alluvial claims, and the rewards to be had for discoveries of new gold-fields.

By an additional amended regulation, granted under regulations of February 2, 1888, any protection area which after the date of the grant thereof comes within the limits of a proclaimed gold-field, may, notwithstanding such proclamation, continue to be held until the expiration of twelve months from the date of such grant, or until payable gold on such area is discovered, which ever shall first happen. The labour conditions must however be fully complied with, or the extension of time will cease, and the protection area will be forfeited.

Gold-mining leases are granted for areas not exceeding 25 acres, at an annual rent, payable in advance, of 20_s._ per acre. The term may not exceed twenty-one years. The leases are liable to cancellation unless worked by the proper number of men, or machinery power equal to the men. The leases can be determined by giving three months’ notice, and the lessees have power to remove all machinery used on the land.

QUEENSLAND.

On payment of 10_s._ the Governor may cause to be issued to any person (not being an Asiatic or African alien), a mining licence for one year, and on payment of the sum of £4 a business licence. All applications for mineral leases to be made on the prescribed form, and to be accompanied by the proper survey fee and the first year’s rent. The yearly rental of every lease to be at the rate of 10_s._ per acre, payable in advance, the term not to exceed twenty-one years, but a further lease of twenty-one years may be granted on such terms as the Minister deems equitable. Area not to exceed 100 acres.

Mining without a right is punishable by removal of the offender from the field, and the infliction of a fine of £10, or one month’s imprisonment.

Miners desirous of prospecting for gold may mark off and hold protection areas, ranging according to the distance from a proclaimed gold-field of 150 to 400 yards square. Such areas have to be pegged, registered, and continuously worked. On payable gold being found and reported to the Warden, the prospectors are entitled to a reward claim which varies from two to twenty claims of the ordinary area. 50 feet frontage are allowed to each miner on river and creek claims. On ordinary quartz claims, 50 feet along the line of reef, by a width of 400 feet, are allowed. The extent of ground in any lode claim not to exceed 3 chains by 5 chains, alluvial claim not to exceed 4 chains by 4 chains. This area may be increased by the Warden when the ground is poor, or expensive machinery has been erected. Europeans holding miners’ rights, which are granted for ten years or less on payment of an annual rate of 10_s._, are allowed to occupy and enclose, for the purpose of residence, an area of land not exceeding a quarter of an acre, to be marked off in a rectangular block, or as near thereto as possible, the frontage of which to any road, creek, or water shall not exceed 72 feet, the boundaries to be defined by corner pegs 3 inches in diameter and standing 18 inches out of the ground, and can also occupy, under certain conditions, market-garden areas not exceeding 5 acres. They are also entitled to mine in Crown lands, to make dams, races, and tramways, to divert waters, to put up and remove any building, and to use any timber, gravel, or clay for their own building purposes. Upon erecting buildings or making improvements on a business or residence area, to the value of £5, the holder can have such area registered as exempt from the condition of residence for a period not exceeding one year.

Leases of land not exceeding 25 acres for any term not exceeding 21 years are also granted for mining purposes at a yearly rental of £1 per acre. These leases, however, are not granted on new gold-fields until two years after proclamation.

The Mineral Lands Act of 1892, applies to lands on gold-fields and gives the power to the holders of miner’s rights and licences to mine on land sold, subject to reservation of gold and silver, on obtaining the written sanction of the Warden or commissioner.

TASMANIA.

A miner’s right, or prospector’s protection order, issued under the Gold-fields Act (the fee for a miner’s right being 5_s._, and a prospector’s licence 10_s._ per annum), authorises the holder to reside upon a gold-field, and to occupy a quarter of an acre for residence, and entitles him to a claim for mining purposes:--Alluvial, single claim, 35 yards by 35 yards; united claims, up to 10 men, 110 yards by 110 yards. Creek claims; 35 yards by 35 yards along course of creek; united claims not to exceed six men’s area. Extended alluvial claims; 70 yards by 70 yards, up to 170 yards by 170 yards for six men; also to take any quantity of water and of timber required for mining purposes. Extended alluvial claims of one acre for ground previously worked and abandoned may be taken up. Prospecting claims, gold, not exceeding 10 acres. Fee for registration, which is not compulsory, 2_s._ 6_d._; survey 25_s._ United claim of 10, fee 5_s._; survey, £2. Leases not to exceed 10 acres, except in special cases by permission of the Minister; term, ten years; rent, £1 per acre. Leases may be amalgamated to the extent of 60 acres. Lessee has the right to renewal for ten years, rent not to exceed £3 an acre. Fee for preparation of lease, £1; transfer, 10_s._ Survey fee, 10 acres, £3 15_s._ ordinary land; £5 10_s._ heavy bush. On the West Coast the survey fees are: 1 acre and under, £1 15_s._; 2 acres, and under 5 acres, £3 15_s._; under 10 acres, £5 10_s._, up to a maximum of £23 for not exceeding 320 acres.

Leases are liable to forfeiture by the Governor in Council if the rent is not paid in advance, or the labour conditions are not complied with.

Licences to occupy land upon a gold-field, for the purpose of cultivation, are issued under the Waste Lands Acts. Area, 5 acres or under, rent £2.

NEW ZEALAND.

The price of a “miner’s right” is 10_s._ per year, which authorises the holder to mine on Crown lands throughout the colony outside of a native district; and 20_s._, which authorises him to mine on native lands and Crown lands, or such other sum as shall not be less than the sum which the Governor may have agreed to pay to the owners of the land as consideration for the right to mine thereon. Consolidated miners’ rights are issued at the rate of a single miner’s right (10_s._), multiplied by the number of miners’ rights which the consolidated right is to represent. Business licences, to be in force for twelve or six months, are issued on payment in advance of £3 for a yearly, and £1 10_s._ for a half-yearly licence respectively. The holder of a miner’s right is entitled to enter upon any Crown land for the purpose of prospecting and searching for gold, and to take and maintain possession of a parcel or parcels of land and work the same, subject to the regulations and provisions of the Act; he is also authorised to cut timber for removal or for the erection of a place of residence or of business, and with the Warden’s consent, to make tramways or roads for mining purposes. Claims are of four kinds--alluvial deposits and river or creek beds; quartz lodes, reefs, and leaders; sea-beach claims; prospecting claims and areas. Claims may be marked out by any person desiring the exclusive occupation of the land, but they must be continuously worked, or they are liable to forfeiture.

The holder of a miner’s right can obtain a licence for the occupation of land as a licensed holding by paying the necessary expenses for surveying, &c., together with a deposit of £5 in respect of such application.

INDEX

A

Adobie hut, 127, 128

Aërial tramways, 112

Amalgam, Retort for small quantities of, 142;
squeezing, 155

Amalgamation of gold, 30

Amalgamators, 91-93

Aneroid barometer, Use of, for leveling, 160, 161

Antifriction compound, 165

Aqueous origin of ore deposits, 36-38

Assay apparatus, Simple form of, 14, 15

Assaying gold by amalgamation, 30

Areas, To lay out, 174, 175

Atherton, on native sulphide of gold, 45, 46

Atmosphere, 190

Atomic weights, 181, 182

Australian mining regulations, 194, _et seq._;
New South Wales, 194;
Victoria, 195;
S. Australia, 195;
W. Australia, 195;
Queensland, 198;
Tasmania, 200

B

Battery, the best way to test value of lodes, 31

Becker, on Comstock lode, 42, 43

Belting, Data as to, 178, 180

Bischof, experiment on formation of dendroidal gold, 39

Black jack, 33

Blanket tables, 79

Boilers, How to clean, 164

Boiling points, 184

Boring, 172

Bottom, Signs of, 20

Braidwood nugget, 54

Brass, How to clean, 165

Brückner furnace, 105

Bucket, Hide, 139

Bulk of materials, 180

Burra Burra Mine, 24

Bush bed, 130

Bynoe harbour, Tin at, 32

C

California pump, 171

Challenger ore feeder, 74, 75

Charcoal, To make, 141

Chemical formulas, 182

Chlorine as a lixiviator, 73-75

Company formation, 113-126

Comstock lode, 42, 43

Copper mine at Burra Burra, 24

Copper plates, Scaling, 144, 145;
Silvering, 149;
Dressing, 151

Correspondence, How to make copies of, 137

Cube roots, 191

Cubes, 191

Cyanide of potassium, Use of, in extracting gold, 95, 96

D

Daintree, on deposition of gold from chloride, 51

Diamond drilling, 173

Directors of companies, 114 _et seq._

Dodge stone-breakers, 69, 70

Dolly, 152

Drift, Origin of gold in, 49

Dry blowing, 18

Dugout, 128

Duncan pan, 91

E

Electricity as a motive power and transmitter, 111, 112

Electrolytic process of extracting gold, 96-99

Elements, Table of, 181, 182

Eurieowie, Tin at, 32

F

Filter, 135, 136

Fire, Mode of producing, 137

Fire-lute, 166

Flooded Stream, How to cross a, 138

Flumes, 63

Forge, Temporary, 140

Freezing-points, 184

Frue vanner, 89, 90

Fuels, Heat values of, 184

Furnaces used in calcining, 101 _et seq._

Fusing points, 184

G

Gold, Value of, 1;
Early notices of, 1, 2;
Origin and sources of, 2-7;
Modes of occurrence, 10, 11;
Prospecting for, 13 _et seq._;
Signs of, 26;
Assaying, by amalgamation, 30;
associated with tin ores, 32, 33;
Relation of, to volcanic action, 36;
its probable mode of occurrence in early geological times, 38, 39;
Mode of deposition in quartz, 39, 55, 57;
Formation of sulphides of, 39, 40;
Precipitation of, in pyrites, 41, 42, 51-54;
Solution of, by mine water, 42;
Opinion as to growth of, in drift deposits 48;
Daintree on its deposition from chloride, 51;
Wilkinson on its precipitation on iron pyrites, 51, 52

Gold (Alluvial) Origin of, 17, 49, 50, 51;
Prospecting for, 17

Gold extraction, 11, 12, 59 _et seq._;
necessity of scientific procedure, 60;
German organisation, 60;
early methods, 61;
modern methods, 61 _et seq._;
hydraulicing, 62, 65;
mills and crushers, 66-72;
power and water for batteries, 73, 74;
ore feeders, 74, 75;
stamp mills, 76-78;
screens, 78;
blanket tables, 79;
treatment of pyritous ores, 80;
mode of saving the gold, 81;
treatment of ferruginous ores, 82;
cleaning and scaling plates, 83;
retorting amalgam, 84-86;
percussion tables, 88;
Frue vanner, 89, 90;
pan concentrators, 90;
amalgamators, 91-93;
lixiviation, 93 _et seq._;
calcination, 100 _et seq._;
how to avoid loss in cleaning up, 148

Gold-field, Mount Brown 17, 18

Griffin Mill, 67, 69

Grusonwerk ball mill, 71

Gutters, 20

H

Hammock, 130, 132

Heated bearings, Cooling compound for, 163

Heat values of fuels, 184

Horse-power of engines, 144,
amount required for pumping water, 172

Horse-shoe furnace, 103

Howell-White furnace, 104, 105

Huntingdon mill, 69

Hydraulicing, 62, 65

Hydraulics, 171

Hydro-thermal origin of early deposits, 37, 38

I

Interest Tables, 193

Iron, prevention of rust on, 165

Iron extractor, 148

Iron sheets, size and weight of, 189

Ironstone “blows” as indicators of lodes, 26

J

Johnson, experiments on deposition of gold, 55-57

L

Lamp, Slush, 139

Leads, Course of, 19

Le Conte, on ore deposits, 36, 37

Lemichel syphon, 66, 67

Lenticular lodes, 24, 25

Levelling instruments, 160, 161

Living places, 127-130

Lobley, on gold, 36

Lodes, nature of, 8-10;
prospecting for, 22;
grass as an indicator of, 22;
not of igneous origin, 23;
Quartz fragments as indicators of, 23;
Usual trend of, in Australia, 23;
Sinuous outcrops of, 25, 26;
Determining the value of, 26, 28, 31;
Underlie of, in Australia, 27;
Explanation of shutes in, 43;
why junctions of, are richest in metallic ores, 44;
proofs of their being formed now, 44;
Newbery, on gold in pyritous lodes, 47;
Double faulting of, 72

Lode tin, 32

Long tom, 62

Loss in blasting, How to prevent, 142

M

Machinery, Protection of, from rusting, 166

Mear’s process, 94

Measuring inaccessible distances, 157;
the width of a river, 157, 158;
height of a tree, 159, 160;
height of objects, 161

Medicine case, 136

Mensuration, 175

Mercury, Retort for small quantities of, 143;
Mode of supplying, to mortar boxes, 145

Mercury extractor, 155

Metals, 33

Mine managers, 115 _et seq._

Mine surveying problems, 176

Mining regulations, 194-201

Misfires, How to deal with, 141

Molesworth furnace, 106

Monitor, 64

Mount Bischoff tin mine, 24

Mount Brown gold-field, 17, 18

Mount Morgan gold mine, 23, 94, 95

Mount Shoobridge, Tin at, 32

N

Names of common chemical substances, 183

Newbery, Experiments by, on modern growth of lodes, 44, 45, 53;
on gold in pyritous lodes, 47;
experiments in depositing gold on sulphides, 52, 53

Newbery and Vautin process, 94

New machines and processes, Advice as to adoption of, 120-122

New Zealand, Mining regulations of, 201

Northern territory hammock, 130-132

Nuggets, Position of, 17;
Formation of, 17;
Origin of, 50, 53-58

O

Ore Deposits, Le Conte’s conclusions as to, 36, 37

Ore reserves, Calculation of, 168-170

Ore values, Estimating, 170

Organic matter as a precipitant of gold, 51, 52, 53

Otto engines, 110, 111

P

Percussion tables, 88

Pipes, How to clear, 164

Plants as a source of water, 134, 135

Plattner process, 94

Plummer blocks, Cleaning greasy, 163

Pollok process, 95

Power for mills, 147

Prospect, First, 29;
Determining value of, 29, 30, 31

Puddlers, 153-155

Pump, 155, 171

Purchase of mines, Advice as to, 123

Pyrites as a precipitant of gold, 41, 42, 51-54;
Modern deposition of, 45;
Mode of occurrence of gold in, 46, 47

Pyritous ore, Mode of treatment of, 80

Q

Quartz veins, Rosales’s igneous theory of, 34;
objections thereto, 35, 36

R

Rainfall, 178

Reef. See _Lodes_

Retort for small quantities of amalgam, 142;
and of mercury, 143

Reverberatory furnaces, 101 _et seq._

Right angle, 158

Rivers, To measure width of, 157, 158

Robbery in gold-mills, Mode of preventing, 124-126

Ropes, Durability of, 173;
Qualities of, 190

Rope-splicing, 166

Rosales on origin of quartz veins, 32-34

Rotomahana district, White and Pink Terraces in, 36

Rust, Solvent for, 165;
Protecting iron and steel from, 165

Rutile, 32, 33

S

School of Mines, S. Australian, 118

Screens, 78, 79

Shaft, Size of, 19, 27;
Logging up, 27, 28;
Depth of, 162;
Connection of, with underground workings, 176;
Data connected with, 177

Sheet-iron, Thickness and weight of, 189, 190

Shutes, Explanation of, 43

Signs, 185

Silica terraces in the Rotomahana district, 36

Silver ores, 31, 32

Silvering copper plates, 149

Skey, experiments on formation of sulphides, 39, 40;
and on their properties, 41

Sluice plates, 156

Smelting, Rough, 141

Soap, Serviceable, 138

Specific gravity, 181, 182

Square roots, 191

Squares, 191

Stamp mills, 76, 78;
Power for, 147

Steel, How to prevent rust in, 165

Stetefeldt shaft furnace, 106

Stream tin, 32

Sulphide of gold, Formation of, 39, 40, 45, 46

Sulphides, Experiments on properties of, 41, 42, 53;
calcination of, 100 _et seq._

T

Tank, to find contents of, 189

Telegraphic code, 138

Tent, 128-130

Thames gold-field, Siliceous sinter in, 36

Thermometer scales, Table of, 184

Thwaite-Denny furnace, 105, 106

Thwaite power gas system, 110

Thwaites’ furnace, 102

Timber, Data as to, 174

Tin, Minerals mistaken for, 32;
How to distinguish them from, 33

Tin-mines at Mount Bischoff, 24

Tin ores, 32

Tree, To measure height of, 160

Tulloch ore feeder, 74, 75

V

Vein, to find lost part of, 167

Velocity of falling fluids, 188

W

Wages, Table for calculating, 192

Washing table, 79

Water, Purifying, 132, 133;
Roots as a source of, 134, 135;
Filtering of, 135;
Mode of supplying, to stamper boxes, 146;
Plan for raising, 163;
Data regarding, 171;
Fresh and Salt, compared, 188;
Pressure of, 189

Water bag, 136

Waterless power, 109-112

Watson & Denny pan, 90

Weight of materials, 180

Weights and measures, 186, 187

Welcome nugget, 54, 55

Welcome Stranger nugget, 54

Wilkinson, on deposition of gold in iron pyrites, 51, 52

Windlass, 153

Wolfram, 32, 33

Woodside nuggets, 57

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APPLIED MECHANICS, RANKINE, BROWNE, JAMIESON, 35,46,34
CIVIL ENGINEERING, PROF. RANKINE, 35
DESIGN OF STRUCTURES, S. ANGLIN, 26
BRIDGE-CONSTRUCTION, PROF. FIDLER, 26
DESIGN OF BEAMS, W. H. ATHERTON, 27
DOCK ENGINEERING, B. CUNNINGHAM, 27
ENGINEERING DRAWING, S. H. WELLS, 27
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LOCOMOTIVE COMPOUNDI J. F. GAIRNS, 30
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HINTS ON DESIGN, CHAS. HURST, 31
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STEEL VESSELS, T. WALTON, 38
STABILITY OF SHIPS, SIR E. J. REED, 38
NAUTICAL SERIES, Ed. by CAPT. BLACKMORE, 39
THE STEAM-ENGINE, RANKINE, JAMIESON, 35,34
GAS, OIL, AND AIR-ENGINES, BRYAN DONKIN, 28
BOILERS: LAND AND MARINE, T. W. TRAILL, 29
” STEAM, R. D. MUNRO, 32
” KITCHEN, R. D. MUNRO, 32
” HEAT EFFICIENCY OF, BRYAN DONKIN, 28
OIL FUEL, SIDNEY H. NORTH, 29
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* * * * *

AT PRESS. In Large 8vo. Fully Illustrated.

=LOCOMOTIVE COMPOUNDING AND SUPERHEATING.=

By J. F. GAIRNS.

CONTENTS.--Introductory.--Compounding and Superheating for
Locomotives.--A Classification of Compound Systems for
--The History and Development of the Compound Locomotives.
Locomotive.--Two-Cylinder Non-Automatic Systems.--Two-Cylinder
Automatic Systems.--Other Two-Cylinder Systems.--Three-Cylinder
Systems.--Four-Cylinder Tandem Systems.--Four-Cylinder
Two-Crank Systems (other than Tandem).--Four-Cylinder Balanced
Systems.--Four-Cylinder Divided and Balanced Systems.--Articulated
Compound Engines.--Triple-Expansion Locomotives.--Compound Rack
Locomotives.--Concluding Remarks Concerning Compound Locomotives.
--The Use of Superheated Steam for Locomotives.--Index.

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_In Large 8vo. Handsome Cloth. With Plates and Illustrations. 16s._

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LIGHT RAILWAYS
AT HOME AND ABROAD.

By WILLIAM HENRY COLE, M.Inst.C.E.,

Late Deputy-Manager, North-Western Railway, India.

_Contents._--Discussion of the Term “Light Railways.”--English
Railways, Rates, and Farmers.--Light Railways in Belgium, France,
Italy, other European Countries, America and the Colonies, India,
Ireland.--Road Transport as an alternative.--The Light Railways Act,
1896.--The Question of Gauge.--Construction and Working.--
Locomotives and Rolling-Stock.--Light Railways in England, Scotland,
and Wales.--Appendices and Index.

“Will remain, for some time yet a Standard Work in everything
relating to Light Railways.”--_Engineer._

“The whole subject is EXHAUSTIVELY and PRACTICALLY considered.
The work can be cordially recommended as INDISPENSABLE to those
whose duty it is to become acquainted with one of the prime
necessities of the immediate future.”--_Railway Official Gazette._

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LONDON: CHARLES GRIFFIN & CO., LIMITED, EXETER STREET, STRAND.

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