Chapter III: Part 3

"By actual tally this June I shood a hundred an' three bears off into the mountains. When the hundred an' third was gone I searched the house from top to bottom to see if there was any more to be got rid of; every blessed one of the five hundred rooms I went through, and not a bear was left that I could see. I tell you, I was glad, because there was a partickerlarly ugly run of 'em this year, an' they gave me a pile o' trouble. They hadn't found much to eat in the hotel, an' they was disapp'inted an' cross. As a matter of fact, the only things they found in the place they could eat was three sofy cushions an' the hotel register, which don't make a very hearty meal for a hundred an' three bears.

"All this time I was sufferin' like hooky with bad spasms of whoopin'-cough, an' that made my work all the harder. So, as you can guess, when I found there warn't another bear left in the house, I just threw myself down anywhere and slept. My! how I slept! I don't suppose anything ever slept the way I did. And then what do you suppose happened? As I was a-lyin' there unconscious, a great big black hungry bruin that had been hidin' in the bread-oven in the bake-kitchen, where I didn't think of lookin' for him, came saunterin' up, lickin' his chops with delight at the idee of havin' me raw for his dinner. I lay on, unconscious of my danger, until he got right up close, an' then I waked up, an' openin' my eyes, saw this great black savage thing gloatin' over me. He was sniffin' my bang when I caught sight of him."

"Mercy!" cried Bob.

"There was no use o' askin' for mercy from him," retorted Sandboys, with a convincing shake of his head. "He was too hungry to think o' bein' merciful."

"'Oh lor!' says I, as I gave myself up for lost. 'This here's the end o' me;' at which the bear looked me straight in the eye, licked his chops again, an' was just about to take a nibble, when, 'whoop'! I had a spasm of whoopin'. Well, I guess you boys knows what that means. There ain't nothin' more uncanny, more terrifyin', in the whole run o' human noises than the whoop o' the whoopin'-cough. At the first whoop the bear jumped back ten feet. At the second he put for the door; but stopped and looked around, hopin' he was mistaken, when I whooped a third time; and the third did the business. That third whoop would ha' scared Indians. It was awful. It was like a tornady runnin' through a fog-horn; an' when he heard that, Mr. Bear started on a scoot up those hills that must have taken him ten miles before I quit coughin'.

"An' that's why I says that when you've got to shoo bears for a livin', an attack o' whoopin'-cough ain't the worst thing in the world to have when you can use it. Anyhow, it saved my life from the last bear of the season, an' I'm thankful to it."

Which Bob and Jack thought it was no less than proper that Sandboys should be; but they didn't tell him so, for at that moment he was summoned to find number 433's left boot, which the bootblack had left at number 334's door, by some odd mistake.

Lawrenceville has never started the year with so few old football men back again in school. Nine of last year's players have not returned. Among those who are on hand are Cadwalader and Richards, the guards. Richards has been out for practice only about two weeks, but he is rapidly getting into his old form. Mattis, who was disabled at full-back last year, came out early, and was appointed temporary captain; but he has now been forced to give up playing, owing to an injury to his knee, and Richards has been appointed permanent captain. Righter, who was elected to the office at the close of the season last fall, did not return to school, and is now at Amherst College.

Compared with those of former years, the rush-line will be light, averaging, perhaps, between 157 and 160 pounds. Cadwalader is the heaviest man on the team. Ross, Pinkerton, and Dana have been tried at centre, and the last-named appears at present to be capable of the best work in that position, although he lacks experience. Cadwalader and Richards will of course be worth more than they were last year, both men being extremely valuable as ground-gainers. For tackles, S. Dodds and James are the leading candidates. Dodds played on the second team last fall, and should become a strong player under coaching this year. James may be looked upon as fairly sure of making his position.

As to the rest of the team, there is considerable uncertainty. At present Little and Dudley are playing at the ends, and are as good as four other candidates for those positions. C. Dodds, who was substitute full-back last year, might be developed into a good end rusher, but he is now being played at full-back and right half-back. At quarter Arrott, who pitched for the nine last year, has been doing fairly good work, but it seems probable that he will be superseded by De Saulles, a brother of the '94 quarter-back now at Yale. De Saulles is quick, a sure tackler, and, with experience and maturity, will doubtless become the equal of his brother.

There is a large number of candidates for the half-back positions--Willing, Wells, Kafer, Adams, and McCord. The latter two may eventually get the positions, while Kafer, a brother of last year's full-back, and C. Dodds may be held for the full-back positions.

Much good material will doubtless be developed, however, by the various house teams, which are practising daily, and some men may be taken from them for the first eleven. The games of importance played so far have been against the Princeton scrub twice, Lawrenceville losing, 18-6 and 18-0. It should be remembered, however, that this scrub team scores almost daily on the Princeton 'varsity. Lawrenceville has defeated the New Jersey A.C., 8-4, and St. Paul's, Garden City, 28-0. The St. Paul's team is considerably heavier than that of Lawrenceville, but they have not so far developed the team-work which is such a strong feature of the Jersey-men's game. Their men start very quickly, and their half-backs are real sprinters, but they are not sufficiently shielded by interference, and when they came in contact with the Lawrenceville men they were unable to make such gains as they did against Berkeley, whom they defeated 50-0.

A few weeks ago this Department had occasion to comment upon certain unsportsmanlike features of athletics in Wisconsin, and called particular attention to the fact that the Madison High-School had at one time allowed certain members of the University of Wisconsin to play upon its football team. It was also said at that time that the Madison High-School was "a great boaster of championships." The latter phrase seems to have given greater offence to the athletes at Madison H.-S. than anything else, for the Department is in receipt of a letter from the captain of the M.H.-S. football team, in which he admits that "we had on our last year's team two players who were taking studies at the U. of W.," but, he adds, "we never boast."

It is to be regretted that the Madisonians should have misunderstood the sense in which the word "boast" was used in this Department. We never had any intention of citing them as vainglorious. Those students at Madison who have read, or are now reading, Homer will find the expression "to boast" very frequently used by the old Greeks, and always in a good and proper sense. If they will look in the Century Dictionary they will find, among a number of definitions, the following: "Boast (II., 2.): to glory or exult in possessing; have as a source of pride." It was in the sense that Madison H.-S. had many championships as a source of pride that they were spoken of in this Department as boasters of championships. In the same sense we may very justly call Andover a boaster of championships. Lawrenceville School is a boaster of championships; the Oakland High-School, in California, is a boaster of a great many championships; the Berkeley School in this city is a boaster of championships; so, likewise, is the English High-School in Boston. There is nothing in these statements for any schools to take offence at.

Concerning the two players of the Madison High-School team last year who were members of the University of Wisconsin while they played as school-boys on the school team, the captain of the Madison High-School gives a frank and detailed statement of their connection both with the school and with the University. He adds: "True it is they were members of the U. of W., but they were only there on condition, and, on the other hand, were full-fledged members of our school until their graduation day. They were the only ones in the history of our teams that were members of both schools at the same time. You can judge for yourself whether or not we were justified in playing both of these men."

Any one with the slightest conception of the ethics of sport will be able to judge of this question at once, and will unfailingly decide that the Madison High-School was certainly not justified in any way whatever in playing these two men. Just as soon as these students were enrolled as members of the University, no matter if they only took fifteen minutes' instruction a year at the University, they were disqualified from having any connection whatsoever with High-School athletics.

In an affair of this kind there can be no half-way conditions. If you allow such men as these on school football teams, what is to prevent University students from taking one hour a week at the High-School in order that they may play football on the High-School team? The latter would be just as much a student of the High-School as the two men who have caused Madison's athletics to suffer charges of unsportsmanship.

I feel sure that a little thought on this subject will convince the captain of the Madison High-School football team, and all the members of his school, that what I say is perfectly just. He has asked me to correct the statement made in the same issue that "the Madison High-School football team has never been defeated." I do so at once. It has been defeated. I ought to have known at the time, from experience, better than to write any such sentence as that.

HARTFORD HIGH-SCHOOL.

Half-back.]

HARTFORD HIGH-SCHOOL.

Half-back.]

The New Britain High-School football team, which has made such a good record so far this year, is going to make a strong bid for the championship of the Connecticut League. I am writing this just before the important game with Hartford, which will have been played by the time this week's ROUND TABLE is published; but even if New Britain suffers defeat at the hands of Hartford, I feel sure that it will not be without putting up a strong fight.

Towers, at centre, is aggressive on the attack, but weak in defensive work, and does not get into the interference. Corbin, right guard, on the other hand, gets into the interference well, but is a weak tackler. Alling, on the other side of centre, is a sharp, aggressive player. Flannery and McDonough are both old players, and are the best two men in the line, invariably making their distance when the ball is given to them. Porter, at end, is one of the best players in that position in the Connecticut High-School League. He is very fast in getting down the field, and breaks through the interference cleverly. Griswold, at the other end, is a good tackler, but in other respects his playing is only fair.

Captain Meehan, quarter-back, runs his men with good judgment, is a good tackler, passes well as a rule, but occasionally makes costly fumbles. Brinley, at half-back, is a green player, but a fast runner, and will do very much better as soon as he learns to follow his interference. Fitch, the other half-back, has this same fault, and is not much of a tackler, but he seems to have the knack of making gains around the end. O'Donnell, at full-back, is a fair punter, a good line-backer, and a good tackler. He is beyond doubt the best player on the team, and plays as well as many a college man in the same position. Take it all in all, the New Britain team has a strong heavy line, but the half-backs run too high, and do not pay enough attention to following their interference, and the whole aggregation is too careless at tackling.

The star player among the Chicago High-Schools is beyond any doubt Teetzel, of the Englewood High-School, whose portrait we published in this Department last week. It is deeply to be deplored that any charges of professionalism should have been brought against him, and it seems that these should either be proved at once or entirely withdrawn and hushed. In the recent game between Englewood and Lake View, Teetzel proved himself a giant. At the outset it looked for a time as if Lake View were going to have the best of the argument; they forced the ball rapidly down the field and scored. But Englewood took a sharp brace at this point, and had everything their own way for the rest of the afternoon, winning, 28-6.

There have been a number of squabbles among the High-School teams of Chicago, and most of the disputes seem from this distance to be of a most childish nature. The true reason for all the trouble appears to be a fear of defeat, which evidences, on the other hand, an unhealthy desire for victory that bodes no good to the welfare of sport in that section. I am glad to learn that the Board of Managers at the recent League meeting decided that English High and North Division must play out their game which was scheduled for two weeks ago but was not played.

All of the Games played in the Cook County League on October 22 were won by large scores. North Division defeated Northwest Division, 48-0, but the latter team was so poor that the game was devoid of interest. Johnson made several splendid runs, one for 100 yards and another for 90 yards, both resulting in touch-downs. Friedlander showed himself as expert, as ever as an end, although he did not have many chances. Manual lost to Hyde Park, 42-0. Hyde Park's team-work was excellent, and the best individual play was done by Ford, a new man at end. The other games, of the day, at least those that were not forfeited, developed no good men, and displayed little of interest to football enthusiasts.

Contrary to expectations, Shady Side Academy and Kiskiminetas, of the Pittsburg Interscholastic League played their first game on October 24, and the latter won by the large score of 20-0. To be sure, Shady Side was handicapped by the loss of Beeman, who was unable to play, and who is usually one of the strongest ground-gainers of the eleven; and Arundell, their full-back, ought never to have gone on the field, while Dravo was in about as equally poor condition.

From the start the play was mostly in S.S.A.'s territory, and a very few moments after the ball was started Kiskiminetas had scored a touch-down and kicked a goal. Shady Side made a desperate effort to stop the game of their opponents, but the Saltsburgh men were a heavier lot, and sent their interference around Humbird's end for continual gains. Their system of interference was excellent, and Shady Side found it almost impossible to break into it. Thus before the end of the first half the home team had scored two touch-downs, kicking both goals.

In the second half, although S.S.A. worked hard, Kiskiminetas gained gradually and pushed the ball slowly down the field, until McColl scored another touch-down. The Pittsburg half-backs, even when they had the ball, were apparently unable to advance it very far, Geer not being hardened to the game yet, and Dravo, as already mentioned, being in poor condition. The line also did not hold together as it should, and Kelso, the Kiskiminetas right tackle, went through it frequently for good gains. Toward the end of the second half, however, Shady Side made a desperate stand and held their opponents well.

The Kiskiminetas eleven is unusually strong this year, averaging over 150 pounds. Montgomery is a wonderfully good end rusher, and prevented any runs being made through his territory by breaking up the interference every time and downing the runner. Kelso is a splendid ground-gainer, and dashed seemingly at will through the Shady Side line. McConnell did good work for the Pittsburg team, and by his fine tackling prevented Kiskiminetas from scoring on more than one occasion. The playing of Kirke, S.S.A., was one of the features of the game; he repeatedly broke up the magnificent interference of the opposing eleven, and worked hard from start to finish.

In the second half G. McConnell was put in at full-back, and it is to be regretted that he is not heavier, for he has the making of a good player. When he has put on a few more pounds he will make a good running full-back or a plunging half. He is especially good at starting quickly. The next game between these two elevens will be played on the Shady Side Academy grounds, November 16, and should be very interesting, for between now and then the Shady Side team ought to be able to develop some team-work, in which at present they are slightly deficient.

HARRY LOGAN, PINE GROVE, PA.--Yes.

ALBERT CURRIER, IOWA CITY.--Rule 9 of the Football Rules of 1896
states that "A goal consists in kicking the ball in any way, except
by a punt, from the field of play over the cross-bar of the
opponents' goal." For greater detail see Lewis's _Primer of College
Football_ (Harper and Brothers, 75 cents).

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THE GRADUATE.

* * * * *

A School of Squid.

I spent seven weeks of my vacation in Searsport, Maine. One day my
father proposed to go fishing in the bay. We got a boat and rowed
to a spot noted for cunners. Soon my father began to pull in his
line. I followed his example. When the supposed fish reached the
surface we found they were not fish, but squid. They threw water
upon us, and threw out a poisonous inklike substance, which luckily
did not hit us.

We did not take the squid into the boat, but let them drag over the
stern as we rowed ashore. We looked over the side of the boat, and
away down in the water we could see a large school of them. They
rose to about four feet from the surface. One of them grasped the
largest of the prisoners and endeavored to pull him away. The line
proved too strong, and he gave up the task.

It is very interesting to watch squid swim. When swimming forward,
the ten arms are laid in such a position as to form a point. The
caudal fin is now its propeller. When swimming backwards the caudal
fin is carefully folded over the body. Water is then forced through
the siphon, which sends the body backward. The squid's head is so
joined to the body that it appears like a pivot. The body is
covered with black specks, which are little sacs of pigment that
expand and contract. The general color is white.

WILLIAM J. PUTNAM, R.T.K.
DORCHESTER, MASS.

* * * * *

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THE NEW YORK SUN _on April 11, 1896, said of_

HARPER'S

PERIODICALS

They are handsome and delightful all, and are as friends that one is glad to see. They please the eye; the artistic sense is gratified by them; they overflow with varied material for the reader. They educate and entertain. They are the well-known and well-liked literary and artistic chronicles of the time. They are a credit to their publishers and to the discernment of the public that approves them. May they continue to be as admirable as they have been and as they are. Better could hardly be wished for them.

* * * * *

FOR SALE EVERYWHERE.

This Department is conducted in the interest of Bicyclers, and the
Editor will be pleased to answer any question on the subject. Our
maps and tours contain many valuable data kindly supplied from the
official maps and road-books of the League of American Wheelmen.
Recognizing the value of the work being done by the L.A.W., the
Editor will be pleased to furnish subscribers with membership
blanks and information so far as possible.

There are so many questions constantly being sent in to us, asking how to get out of New York on a wheel, that, in spite of the fact of maps already published showing the exits from New York, it seems advisable to give, in brief form, a description of the two or three roads which are at all rideable.

There are but three ways to go northward. One runs from 59th Street and Central Park to 110th Street, thence out Seventh Avenue to 116th Street. Here, turning left into St. Nicholas Avenue, it continues to Tenth Avenue, thence crossing the cable and running to Kingsbridge Road. In time we shall be able to run out direct to Kingsbridge over the new bridge, down the long hill beyond 181st Street, but for some time this road has been in a state of construction and repair that was enough to give bicyclers nervous prostration. It has been advisable, therefore, to cross at 181st Street on Washington Bridge, thence following Featherbed Lane to Macomb's Dam Road, to Fordham Landing Road, to Sedgwick Avenue, to Bailey Avenue, to Kingsbridge, and thence out of the city along the Hudson to Yonkers. This is the main road up the Hudson on all routes, long or short. It is the best road from the start, and for many reasons the wheelman is advised to take it even when he is bound southward and eastward. A mile or more on a bicycle is nothing compared to the difficulties of getting over a bad road, and any rider will prefer five good miles to one very bad one. A map of this route is published in HARPER'S ROUND TABLE, No. 810.

This is what renders the other two routes out of New York undesirable as compared with what the Kingsbridge will be when it is completed. The second in order of importance as good road is that which leaves 59th Street and runs through the Park to Seventh Avenue, thence proceeds to the new 155th Street bridge. Cross this and run out Jerome Avenue, through Morrisania to Jerome Park, along the old aqueduct for a bit, thence through South Yonkers, Bronxville, Tuckahoe, to White Plains. The road here is not good in any part. The Avenue is badly macadamized, and here, as elsewhere in this part of New York, the road-bed is torn up with repairs, and new plans and works for the system of roads which some day, when we are all dead and wheeling has gone out of fashion, will make the northern exits of New York the finest in the world. However, this is the road to take if you are bound up the valley or series of valleys lying between the Hudson River ridges and the western ridges of Westchester. Certain routes out this way are rideable. The others are not to be thought of under any circumstances if pleasure is the object in view.

The third exit is further to the east, and runs from 59th Street, as follows: Leave Central Park and run into Fifth Avenue from the Park at the exit where the asphalt begins on the avenue; thence run out to 120th Street, turning west to Morris Avenue, to 124th Street; then, turning back, eastward to Fifth Avenue, to 135th Street, and thence to Madison Avenue, crossing the bridge. After crossing, turn left to Mott Avenue. From this point the run to White Plains is pretty bad work, being over hilly, rough roads, with nothing of interest at hand for the eye to rest on. The route is to 162d Street; thence east and south to 161st Street, turning left into Washington Avenue, to Third Avenue, to Fordham Railroad station, at the left a few blocks on. Crossing the bridge here, turn right into Webster Avenue and run direct to Williamsbridge.

BUILDING A STATUE.

Modelling the clay for a statue is one of the most fascinating, interesting, and, at the same time, instructive sights. From the moment the preliminary frame-work is constructed to the final delicate finishing-touches of the sculptor, the work progresses through many stages. It is seldom that we think of the time and labor spent on such works of art.

The sculptor who undertakes a commission to model, let us say, an equestrian statue of colossal size, to be erected in commemoration of some great General, finds a long task before him. In the first place, he reads up the General's life, obtains all the information possible of his characteristics, habits, etc. Then he procures all the photographs of him that he can, and after careful study of them he works up a number of pencil sketches, until he strikes a typical pose that he hopes will be satisfactory. Then comes the production of the miniature model. This he deftly works into shape with clay or wax. Oftentimes these small models are carried to a nearly perfected stage, and it is in these that the genius of the sculptor asserts itself.

From the lump of clay which his fingers have flattened, trimmed, rounded off, the little model issues forth as a nucleus, from which its gigantic brother is to come. With the proportions laid out in the small one, the sculptor sketches his iron frame-work for the full-size model. On a platform of heavy beams he constructs this frame-work, which, when complete, has an anatomical look about it; but it would be a difficult matter to find in the seemingly crazy arrangement of twisted iron and the wire ropes, with blocks of wood tied on them, anything resembling anatomy.

The skeleton frame has to be exceedingly strong; for should any part give way later with the weight of the damp clay, it would doubtless involve the beginning of the work all over again. With the frame complete and tested as to its strength, the clay is built up around it, careful attention being given to each minute detail, especially to the anatomical ones. From the beginning, in the use of the clay, it is essential to keep it damp, and all through the construction water is applied through a hose-pipe with a sprinkler attached. This wetting-down is extremely important, for should the clay get dry, it would crumble like dirt, or crack, thus ruining the work.

The figure of the General is modelled nude, and brought to a high finish. A live model is employed for the purpose, and he poses astride a dummy horse in the position the sketch and miniature model call for. After the figure is finished, even to the curve of each muscle, equipments are put on the dummy horse, and the model dresses himself in the General's costume and again takes the pose. The sculptor then proceeds to dress the General and his horse. With his many different tools he slowly shapes the clothing in the new clay that he has ruthlessly slapped on the exquisite modelling underneath. Bit by bit the various garments assume form and develop under the ready hand of the master, every little fold or crease being carefully worked up. The likeness is the most important part, however, and great attention is paid to the face. In this it is necessary to combine so many things besides likeness that the task is at times almost discouraging.

Months have been required to accomplish the work, and all through it the sculptor has been studying the history of his subject, reviewing his results, altering them to suit his tastes, until finally he lays down his tools and calls his work finished. Plaster casts are then taken of the model, and from these the bronze casting is made.

If a marble statue is ordered, the sculptor sometimes prefers to model on a small scale and then to put his model in the hands of skilful cutters in marble, who carry the work as far as they can judiciously, when it is again taken up by the sculptor, who finishes it, putting in the lines that proclaim his genius and commend it to the world as a work of art. When this is done, the small original model must be finished up to the highest point of the sculptor's ability. Usually, the first modelling is done in the clay, life size, as this allows of alterations that may suggest themselves during the advancement of the work.

HUBERT EARL.

Any questions in regard to photograph matters will be willingly
answered by the Editor of this column, and we should be glad to
hear from any of our club who can make helpful suggestions.

HOW TO MAKE "DOUBLES."

A photographic operation which gives a great deal of amusement is the making of "doubles." A double photograph is one in which the same person is represented twice, both portraits being taken on the same plate. Doubles are made in the ordinary camera, the only apparatus needed being some device by which either part of the lens or part of the plate-holder is covered. This being done, the person to be photographed takes his position before the camera, half the plate is exposed, and the shutter closed. The subject then changes his position to the opposite side, and the other half of the plate is exposed. When the picture is developed it will look as if made by one exposure.

One way of making doubles is to have a box which will fit the front of the camera so that it will project about three inches beyond the front of the lens. A double door opening exactly in the middle of the box should be fitted to the front of the box. The doors should meet in a close straight line, so that when closed there will not be any danger of light getting into the camera before the plate is exposed. Care must be taken that the doors meet on a line exactly in the middle of the lens, so that when either door is opened only half the lens will be in operation.

Another and simpler way is to cut a plate-holder slide exactly in half, arrange the camera, close the shutter, put in the plate-holder, take out the slide, and slip the half-slide in its place. Make the exposure, take out the half-slide and put in the plate slide, pose the subject for the other half of the picture, and take out the slide and put the half-slide in the holder over the part which has already been exposed.

In arranging for the picture it is more convenient to fix on some line or small object which shall come in the centre of the plate when the exposure is made. The subject to be photographed should stand at least nine or ten inches one side of this central point, for if the drapery of the dress overlaps, the picture will show a blur.

In making the exposure great care must be taken not to move the camera, as if it is moved even the very least bit, a blurred line will appear in the picture showing just where the two exposures join. The focus must not be changed unless a plain background is used. In making the exposures for the two pictures the time of both must be equal. This is more necessary for an exposure made out-of-doors than for one made in the house. If the exposures are unequal in time the negative will be unequal in development, and, as a consequence, half of it will be lighter than the other.

Many interesting and amusing pictures may be made by the means of double photographing. A person may be taken playing checkers or chess with himself, reading to himself, taking his own picture, offering himself something to eat, etc. An amusing picture might be made of a person begging of himself, the first picture being taken in his ordinary walking dress, and the second dressed in ragged clothes and holding out his hat for alms.

In the accompanying picture the subject is fighting a duel with himself.

SIR KNIGHT FREDERICK CLAPP sends a print, and asks the reason of
the spots on the negative from which it is made, and when the next
photographic competition is to be conducted. The spots on the
negatives which make the print imperfect are caused either by bits
of film or dirt in the developer settling on the film, or by
air-bubbles forming on the surface of the plate when it is covered
with the developer. In either case the developer is prevented from
acting on the film, and causes spots which have the effect of
halation. Small round holes in the negatives are caused by dust on
the plate. The time of the photographic contest has not yet been
decided. It will be announced in this column as soon as
arrangements are completed.

SIR KNIGHT CALVIN FARRAR sends a print of the interior of the log
cabin built for the recent celebration in Cleveland. Please accept
thanks for same.

SIR KNIGHT RICHARD C. LORD asks for a formula for developer for
snap-shots and for time exposures. See answer to Sir Charles
Lusenkamp for formula in No. 886. The J. C. tabloids make a fine
developer for instantaneous exposures.

"QUAD," Pittsburg, Pa., sends a print from a film, and asks what
gives it its mottled appearance. As far as one can judge from the
blue print, the mottling is due to imperfect fixing, or the film
was left too long in the developer without rocking. There is no
remedy for the film.

SIR KNIGHT E. D. BALL, Spartansburg, S. C., sends a print, and
wishes to know what is the reason of the yellowish-brown color. The
trouble is in the toning-bath. Test it with blue litmus-paper. If
it turns the litmus-paper red, add enough bicarbonate of soda, a
little at a time, until it turns the red color back to blue. Use
the bicarbonate of soda in solution.

EDWARD BRAGTON, 87 West Thirty-second Street, Bayonne, N. J.;
RACHEL KELSEY, Baraboo, Wis.; WILLIAM T. KELSEY, Baraboo, Wis.;
J. L. GOODMAN, 807 Broderick Street, San Francisco, Cal.; H. T.
COOPER, 2416 Harriet Avenue, Minneapolis, Minn.; E. LESTER CROCKER,
Tarrytown-on-Hudson, N. Y.; JOHN H. CHAMBERLAIN, 6 Franklin Avenue,
Dayton, O.; ARTHUR P. LAZARUS, 756 South Hope Street, Los Angeles,
Cal.; FRED. W. LONG, 416 West Adams Street, Muncie, Ind.; FRED. D.
ROSE, 405 South High Street, Muncie, Ind.; HARRY R. PATTY, 2533
Michigan Avenue, Los Angeles, Cal.; WM. H. WHITE, JUN., Pembroke
Avenue, Norfolk, Va.; GEORGE E. HOLT, Moline, Ill., wish to become
members of the Camera Club.

LADY LESLEY ASHBURNER, Media, Pa., would like to correspond with
members of the Camera Club. Lady Lesley asks for directions for
making enlargements, as she did not find it in No. 801, as
directed; also how to make ferro-prussiate paper. Look again at No.
801. The article is entitled "Bromide Enlargements." Directions for
making ferro-prussiate paper may be found in Nos. 797, 823, and
828.

Arnold

Constable & Co

* * * * *

Paris Lingerie.

_Peignors, Matinées, Jupons,_

_Chemise du Nuit._

SILK PETTICOATS,

CORSETS.

* * * * *

CHILDREN'S WEAR.

_School Frocks, Jackets,_

_Reefers, Long Coats._

* * * * *

Broadway & 19th st.

NEW YORK.

Postage Stamps, &c.

The neatest and most attractive Stamp Album ever published is =The Favorite Album for U. S. Stamps=. Price 25c. (post free 30c.).

Catalogue of U. S. Stamps free for the postage, 2c. Complete Catalogue of all Stamps ever issued, 10c. Our Specialty: =Fine Approval Sheets= at low prices and 50% commission.

R. F. ALBRECHT & CO.,

90 Nassau Street, New York.

100, all dif., & fine =STAMP ALBUM=, only 10c.; 200, all dif., Hayti, Hawaii, etc., only 50c. Agents wanted at 50 per cent. com. List FREE! =C. A. Stegmann=, 5941 Cote Brilliant Ave., St. Louis, Mo.

STAMPS

=10= stamps and large list =FREE!=

L. DOVER & CO., 1469 Hodiamont, St. Louis, Mo.

1872.

1c. 2c. & 3c. National Bank Note Co. Print, 20c.

P.S. Chapman, Box 151, Bridgeport, Ct.

EARN A GOLD WATCH!

We wish to introduce our =Teas and Baking Powder=. Sell 50 lbs. to earn a =Waltham Gold Watch and Chain=; 25 lbs. for a =Silver Watch and Chain=; 10 lbs. for a =Gold Ring=; 50 lbs. for a =Decorated Dinner Set=; 75 lbs. for a =Bicycle=. Write for a Catalog and Order Blank to Dept. I

W. G. BAKER,

Springfield -- Mass.

JOSEPH GILLOTT'S

STEEL PENS

Nos. 303, 404, 170, 604 E.F., 601 E.F.

And other styles to suit all hands.

THE MOST PERFECT OF PENS.

HOME STUDY.

A thorough and practical Business Education in Book-keeping, Short-hand, etc., given by =Mail= at student's home. Low rates. Cat. free. Trial lesson 10c. Write to

BRYANT & STRATTON, 85 College Bldg., Buffalo, N.Y.

PISO'S CURE FOR CONSUMPTION

CURES WHERE ALL ELSE FAILS.

Best Cough Syrup. Tastes Good. Use

in time. Sold by druggists.

Big Grape and Apple Harvests.

I live in the centre of the great grape belt of the south shore of
Lake Erie. Some years ago one saw nothing but wheat and barley in
this region, with corn and grass on the hills to the south, but
within ten years all has been changed. Now the whole country,
hill-side and all, is one vast vineyard. Few raise anything else in
their fields. I know one vineyard, twenty miles west of here,
containing 300 acres. The vines stretch away almost as far as one
can see.

At this season grape-pickers come here in vast crowds. They are
from the cities, and are a picturesque lot of folk. They dress in
every fashion, and represent almost every nationality. They board
themselves and live cheaply. Our fields are just now full of these
pickers--thousands of men, women, boys, girls--and our streets are
full of wagons carting the grapes to the railway stations for
shipment. Although your maps show us bordering on Lake Erie, water
transportation is impracticable from here. The banks of the lake
here are high and rocky, and speed on water is too slow for
perishable fruit. Besides, one could go only to Buffalo or
Cleveland by lake, and the great grape markets are Philadelphia,
New York, and Chicago.

This year there is so much fruit other than grapes that the latter
bring very low prices, and growers are despondent. Apples--"New
York apples" are famous, you know--are so plentiful that people are
not picking them at all. The trees are breaking with the load of
them. They rot on the ground. One cannot even give them away.
Thousands of bushels are useless, and every one says: "Oh, if some
people in the cities only had them! We would rather see them do
somebody good." Do you who live in the cities have to pay anything
for apples now? If you do, it seems strange to us, for we can get
nothing for them. They do not fetch enough to pay railway freights,
not to mention picking and packing. The same is true of grapes
almost. Activity reigns, but so do "the blues." I think almost any
business is better than grape-growing.

ERNEST SPENCER.
BROCTON, N. Y.

* * * * *

Mounting Bird-feather Collections.

In your issue of September 22 last Sir Knight Jay F. Hammond asked
how to mount his bird-feather collections. I send a copy of the way
Mrs. Brightwen describes her method, taken from her "More About
Wild Nature."

RAYMOND A. BEARDSLEE, R.T.K.
HARTFORD, CONN.

"The feathers should be mounted in a blank album of about fifty
pages, eleven inches wide by sixteen, so as to make an upright page
which will take in long tail feathers. Cartridge-paper of various
pale tints is best, as one can choose the ground that will best set
off the colors of the feathers. Every other page may be white, and
about three black sheets will be useful for swan, albatross, and
other white-plumaged birds.

"The only working-tools required are sharp scissors and a razor,
some very thick strong gum arabic, a little water, and a duster in
case of fingers becoming sticky.

"Each page is to receive the feathers of only one bird. A common
wood-pigeon is an easy bird to begin with, and readily obtained at
any poulterers. Draw out the tail feathers and place them quite
flat in some paper until required; do the same with the right wing
and the left, keeping each separate, and putting a mark on each
that you may know which they contain; the back, the breast, the
fluffy feathers beneath--all should be neatly folded in paper and
marked, and this can be done in the evening or at odd times; but
placing the feathers on the pages ought to be daylight work, that
the colors may be studied. Now open the tail-feather packet, and
with the razor carefully pare away the quill at the back of each
feather, leaving only the soft web, which will be perfectly flat
when gummed upon the page. When all the packets are thus prepared
(it is only the quill feathers that require the razor), then we may
begin.

"I will describe a specimen page. Towards the top of the page place
a thin streak of gum, lay upon it a tail feather (the quill end
downwards), and put one on each side. The best feathers of one wing
may be put down, one after the other, till one has sufficiently
covered the page, then the other wing feathers may be placed down
the other side; the centre may be filled in with the fluffy
feathers, and the bottom can be finished off with some breast
feathers neatly placed so as to cover all quill ends."

* * * * *

Kinks.

No. 46.--CHARADE.

My first has been a friend of man
Forever since the world began;
It rules by day, and well it might,
And is not lost in depths of night.
My second is a bank of sand--
'Tis got from birds of sea and land.
My last a pronoun has been made.
When letter H has been mislaid.
My whole the squatter's heart doth tease,
And doth his pocket often squeeze.
Whole comes by day and stays by night,
In spite of many a scornful slight.

* * * * *

No. 47.--FOR MATHEMATICIANS.

A merchant receives $3 of every $5 owing him on book debts amounting to $15,000 (which debts are five per cent. more than his liabilities), and $3.75 of every $5 on $6000 of running debts his due. Find his liabilities if he pays dollar for dollar.

* * * * *

No. 48.--WORD SQUARE.

1.

Three musketeers of art, and this is one.
You'll spot him if you've seen "Trilby" done.

2.

If you are this, how many ills you'll shun
If you in youth your ways have well begun.

3.

If wounded in this by bite or shot of gun,
There is no hope, and now your course is run.

4.

The fourth is here, the Christian name of son
Which indicates a free or candid one.

5.

I'm lost now for a terminal "un,"
And hampered thus is certainly no fun.
So take this as it is, dear "Kink"y folks,
A synonym you'll find for yellow yolks.

* * * * *

No. 49.--EASY RIDDLE IN PROSE.

We lived in a brook, and were five in number. We were taken out, once on a time, and we never got back again. Four of us were lost--hopelessly lost--and nobody knows what became of us. But the fifth took a rapid journey in the midst of much excitement, brought up at the end of the journey in the queerest place any of our family has ever been before or since, I think, and if I were able to come to you now I would be worth thousands and thousands of dollars. What am I, who were my brothers, and why can't I realize some of these thousands?

* * * * *

Answers to Kinks.

No. 41.--A PROSE CHARADE.

A potato gun, made from a goose-quill, a wooden piston, and had "wads" of sliced potato.

* * * * *

No. 42.--POLITICAL QUESTIONS.

1. Isle of Man. 2. Captain John Smith. 3. Secretary Thompson. 4. Edward Everett.

* * * * *

No. 43.--A STAR.

Caul. Clap. Balm. Pulp. Mall.

* * * * *

No. 44.--SINGLE ACROSTIC.

Assay. Nerve. Death. Reply. Ensue. Worth. Japan. Acute. Caper. Knack. Slave. Order. Niche.--Andrew Jackson.

* * * * *

No. 45.--Oliver Wendell Holmes.

* * * * *

Questions and answers.

"H. E."--For want of space we cannot publish stamp-exchange notices. "J. H. K." writes: "Will you please inform me how to obtain autographs, and give me hints in the art of collecting autographs from such people as Governors?" Autograph-collecting is not an "art." The ways to get autographs are three: Ask the people whose autographs you want for them; trade with other collectors; buy them. Many persons are fond of cataloguing autograph-collectors as "fiends," but they do not mean all they say. Nine out of every ten famous persons are rather gratified at receiving requests for autographs. Write a brief note, say frankly what you want, enclose a self-addressed and stamped envelope, and two cards--the stamps because it is your business, and you should pay the cost of it; and the cards in order that your collection may be uniform. But mere signatures are not highly regarded. Manuscripts and letters are much more to be prized. Do not, however, make requests that put persons whom you do not know to any considerable trouble, or that require them, in order to grant your favor, to give up for nothing anything that has real money value.

"History" asks: "What was it about Queen Victoria that was just celebrated?" It was this; King George III. had reigned, on the day of his death, 59 years and 95 days. The day came recently when Queen Victoria had reigned 59 years and 96 days. That 96th day, when she began on the longest reign in English history, if not in any history, was celebrated. The next oldest living sovereign, in point of length of reign, is Francis Joseph of Austria--1848. Other long English reigns, after George III., were those of Ethelred II., 37 years; Henry I., 35 years; Henry III., 56 years; Edward I., 35 years; Edward III., 50 years; Henry VI., 39 years; Henry VIII., 38 years; and Elizabeth, 44 years. Victoria has not reached the age attained by George III., who died in his 83d year. She is nearly of the age reached by George II., who died in his 77th year. The houses of Normandy, Plantagenet, Lancaster, York, Tudor, and the Stuarts were not very long-lived. The House of Hanover, to which Queen Victoria belongs has given to Britain the most venerable sovereigns in the persons of George II., George III., William IV., and Victoria. Elizabeth, the most venerable scion of the House of Tudor, died in her 71st year. She died in 1603, and from that year back to Alfred, over 700 years, no English king or queen reached 70 years. One of the notable events in the life of Queen Victoria was the celebration of her "jubilee," in 1887, marking the completion of fifty years' reign. Only three English monarchs lived to celebrate a jubilee year--Henry III., Edward III., and George III.

Anna W. Auspach, 3326 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, Pa., is interested in pressed flowers and monograms, and wants to hear from you, and Thomas C. Gurnee, 443 Hancock Street, Brooklyn, N. Y., wants to receive sample copies of amateur papers. Harry W. Jones: The button which you describe--red, white, and blue, with a very small centre, a raised edge, and the ribbon lying in close folds, the whole being smaller than a silver dime--is that of the Military Order of the Loyal Legion. Why "never seen in the button-hole of any save men well advanced in years" is explained by the fact that it is an order of the officers and ex-officers of the army, navy, and marine corps of the United States during the civil war of now thirty years and more ago. There are twenty commanderies in as many States. The order numbers about 8500 members.

"Cedar Rapids."--A cyclopædia that is a recognized authority, issued in 1895, says the true source of the Yukon River has not yet been ascertained. It gives the river's length at about 2000 miles. The Mississippi is 2800 miles long, and the Mississippi and Missouri, which, as this cyclopædia says, should be considered as one river, and not the division as made, 4200 miles long--the longest river in the world. "H. P. B." writes to us: "Will you be so kind as to give me some information about the stage, what salaries are paid to actors, and what is the work that has to be done by them? How can one become an actor, and to whom should one apply?" Write to the Empire School of Acting, Empire Theatre, New York. Charles Field: Address Jerome K. Jerome, care _The Idler_, London, England; Bret Harte, care A. P. Watt, Hastings House, Norfolk Street, London, England; and Gen. John B. Gordon, Atlanta, Ga.

This Department is conducted in the interest of stamp and coin
collectors, and the Editor will be pleased to answer any question
on these subjects so far as possible. Correspondents should address
Editor Stamp Department.

United States revenue stamps are advancing in price by leaps and bounds. The following is the list of new prices for 1897. Where no price is given, the old prices remain:

First Issue. Unperf. Perf.
1c. Playing-cards $15.00 $2.50
1c. Proprietary 10.00
1c. Telegraph 10.00
2c. Playing-cards 7.50
2c. Proprietary 6.00
3c. Playing-cards 35.00 8.00
4c. Playing-cards 8.00
6c. Proprietary 50.00
10c. Power of Attorney 15.00
25c. Bond 5.00
25c. Warehouse Receipt 2.00 1.00
40c. Inland Exchange 7.50
50c. Surety Bond 6.00
$1.00 Passage Ticket 8.00 7.00
$1.30 Foreign Exchange 35.00 1.25
$1.60 Foreign Exchange 10.00 2.50
$1.90 Foreign Exchange 50.00 1.50
$2.00 Probate of Will 15.00 1.50
$2.50 Inland Exchange 25.00
$3.50 Inland Exchange 40.00
$5.00 Probate of Will 12.50 1.00
$15.00 Mortgage 25.00 7.50
$20.00 Probate of Will 60.00 35.00
$25.00 Mortgage 25.00 5.00
$50.00 Internal Revenue 10.00 4.00
$200.00 Internal Revenue 30.00 20.00

Second Issue.

$1.30 $7.00
$1.60 17.50
$1.90 5.00
$20.00 15.00
$25.00 17.50
$50.00 15.00
$200.00 110.00
$500.00 (not priced.)

Third Issue.

$20.00 $17.50

Sixth Issue--Proprietary.

Violet P. Green P.
10c. $10 $2.50
50c. 20 25.00
$1 100 150.00
$5 (not priced.)

1878 Issue. Silk P. Wmk. Roul'td
5c. $4 $3 $50
10c. 15

On October 1, the Washington Post-office had the following Columbian stamps on sale:

$2 Columbians, 3002
$4 Columbians, 3437
$5 Columbians, 4581

As the same stamps have been offered by dealers and brokers in New York at various discounts (up to twenty-five per cent.) from face value, it is hardly possible that these values will command a premium for many years to come.

A new issue of Tonga stamps will be ready early in November. The set consists of values from 1/2d. to 5s.