Chapter I: Front Matter

[Frontispiece: Leo Tolstoy in his bare Apartments at Yasnaya Polyana (Repin)]

HEROES OF MODERN EUROPE

BY

ALICE BIRKHEAD B.A.

AUTHOR OF

'THE STORY OF THE FRENCH REVOLUTION' 'MARIE ANTOINETTE' 'PETER THE GREAT' ETC.

WITH EIGHT ILLUSTRATIONS

GEORGE G. HARRAP & CO. LTD.

LONDON ---- CALCUTTA ---- SYDNEY

[Transcriber's note: Page numbers in this book are indicated by numbers enclosed in curly braces, e.g. {99}. They have been located where page breaks occurred in the original book, in accordance with Project Gutenberg's FAQ-V-99. For its Index, a page number has been placed only at the start of that section. In the HTML version of this book, page numbers are placed in the left margin.]

First published July 1913

by GEORGE G. HARRAP & Co.

39-41 Parker Street, Kingsway, London, W.C.2

Reprinted in the present series:

February 1914; August 1917; May 1921; January 1924; July 1926

Contents

CHAP.

I. THE TWO SWORDS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
II. DANTE, THE DIVINE POET . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
III. LORENZO THE MAGNIFICENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
IV. THE PRIOR OF SAN MARCO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
V. MARTIN LUTHER, REFORMER OF THE CHURCH . . . . . . . . 52
VI. CHARLES V, HOLY ROMAN EMPEROR . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
VII. THE BEGGARS OF THE SEA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
VIII. WILLIAM THE SILENT, FATHER OF HIS COUNTRY . . . . . . 86
IX. HENRY OF NAVARRE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
X. UNDER THE RED ROBE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
XI. THE GRAND MONARCH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128
XII. PETER THE GREAT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137
XIII. THE ROYAL ROBBER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145
XIV. SPIRITS OF THE AGE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156
XV. THE MAN FROM CORSICA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168
XVI. "GOD AND THE PEOPLE" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183
XVII. "FOR ITALY AND VICTOR EMMANUEL!" . . . . . . . . . . 195
XVIII. THE THIRD NAPOLEON . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207
XIX. THE REFORMER OF THE EAST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 216
XX. THE HERO IN HISTORY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228
INDEX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233

Illustrations

LEO TOLSTOY IN HIS BARE APARTMENTS
AT YASNAYA POLYANA (_Repin_). . . . . . . . . . _Frontispiece_

DANTE IN THE STREETS OF FLORENCE (_Evelyn Paul_) . . . . . . . 22

THE LAST SLEEP OF SAVONAROLA (_Sir George Reid, P.R.S.A._) . . 60

PHILIP II PRESENT AT AN AUTO-DA-FÉ (_D. Valdivieso_) . . . . . 78

LAST MOMENTS OF COUNT EGMONT (_Louis Gallait_) . . . . . . . . 90

AN APPLICATION TO THE CARDINAL FOR HIS FAVOUR (_Walter Gay_) 124

FREDERICK THE GREAT RECEIVING HIS PEOPLE'S HOMAGE
(_A. Menzel_) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152

THE MEETING OF VICTOR EMMANUEL AND GARIBALDI (_Pietro Aldi_) 204

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Heroes of Modern Europe