Chapter XX: Appendix: Note a (2)

English in the East, i., 167, 169, 175, 178, 179, 207-209, 219-221,
228, 230, 233-240, 278; ii., 246, 259, 260, 272, 273, 323, 324, 335.
_See also_ English East India Company.

Enoshima, Island of, ii., 74.

“Essay on the Commerce of Japan,” ii., 274.

Everett, Hon. Edward, ii., 280.

“Evolution of the Japanese, The,” ii., 344.

“Examiner” (London), ii., 259.

Executions and tortures, i., 156, 214, 246, 247, 333-335, 349, 353,
354, 396; ii., 75.

Eye diseases, ii., 29, 123.

Fans, i., 376.

Farming class, ii., 159.

“Fauna Japonica,” ii., 253.

Feith, M., ii., 157.

Fernandes, Jean, i., 52.

Ferreyra, Father Christopher, i., 247, 248, 264.

Ferry-boats, i., 385.

Festivals, i., 69, 223, 224, 356-365; ii., 188, 189, 225, 226.

“Feudal and Modern Japan,” ii., 344.

_Figara peperita_, ii., 124.

Figure-treading, Ceremony of, i., 298, 352, 396; ii., 128, 271.

Fillmore, President, ii., 276-281.

Firearms, i., 24, 25, 33; ii., 149, 224, 346-348.

Fire-extinguishers, i., 367; ii., 52, 79, 303.

Fire-flies, ii., 158.

Firemen, ii., 76, 79, 200.

Fires, i., 77; ii., 70, 71, 78, 79, 143, 173, 200, 303, 321.

Fir-trees, ii., 141.

Fischer, ——, i., 33.

_Fiscus pumila_ and _erecta_, ii., 124.

Fishermen, i., 214; ii., 213.

Fisscher, Herr, ii., 210, 247-250.

Fitch, Ralph, i., 269, 270; ii., 351, 352.

“Flora Japonica” (Siebold and Zaccarini), ii., 253.

“Flora Japonica” (Thunberg), ii., 162.

Floris, ——, ii., 354.

Flower-arrangements, ii., 7.

Flute, ii., 315.

Food, i., 54, 75, 76, 187, 216, 286, 343; ii., 12, 13, 38, 75, 98, 99,
102-104, 126, 127, 140, 159, 215, 217, 220, 317, 318, 333, 334.

Foot-coverings, ii., 142.

Fords, i., 384, 385.

Foreigners, Antipathy to, i., 214.

Forestry regulations, i., 381.

Formosa, i., 252-255, 262, 271, 274, 302; ii., 355.

“Formosa under the Dutch,” i., 302; ii., 345.

Fowls, Domestic, ii., 138.

Foxes, i., 75; ii., 42, 43.

Franciscans in Japanese missions.
_See_ Missionaries, Catholic, other than Jesuit.

_Franklin_, American ship, ii., 194.

“Free Press” (Serampore), ii., 265.

French East India Company, i., 266.

French in Japanese affairs, i., 266; ii., 265, 335.

Frisius, of the Dutch East India Company, i., 265, 266.

Froez, Father Louis, i., 95, 96, 131, 133, 141, 159, 165, 266; ii., 38.

“Frog-in-a-well” policy, ii., 170, 171, 193.

“From Far Formosa,” ii., 345.

Fruits, ii., 140, 159.

Fuchū, i., 25, 27, 35, 36.

_Fucus saccharinus_, ii., 140.

Fujigawa, River, i., 385; ii., 72.

Fuji-jedagawa, River, i., 385.

Fuji-no-Yama, ii., 72, 141, 286, 328.

Funeral customs, ii., 183-189.

Furniture and interiors, i., 340, 391, 392; ii., 4-8, 52, 55, 62, 130,
131, 133, 303, 330.

Fushimi, i., 140, 151, 215; ii., 58.

Gago, Balthaza, i., 87, 90, 93.

Galvano, Antonio, i., 13, 14, 40, 41, 56.

_Gardenia Florida_, ii., 142.

Gardens, i., 194; ii., 10-12, 52, 82, 322.

Gate Guard, Nagasaki, i., 312.

“Gate of the two kings,” ii., 108.

Gaubil, Father, i., 8.

_Gege_ (plebeians), i., 62.

Geisenger, Captain, 266.

“Genji Monogatari,” ii., 345.

Gin, ii., 206.

Ginseng, ii., 118.

“Glimpse at the Art of Japan, A,” ii., 345.

“Glimpses of Unfamiliar Japan,” ii., 344.

_Globe_, English ship, ii., 354.

Globius (Takaro Sampei), ii., 201, 222, 223, 239, 248.

Glyn, Commander, ii., 266-269, 271.

Gnecchi, Father, i., 97, 103, 119, 146, 155, 159, 164.

Goa, i., 12, 38, 41, 48; ii., 350-353.

Godō, i., 277.

_Goede Frouw_, Dutch ship, ii., 206.

Go-kirai (The Tenza), i., 164.

Golownin, Vassili, i., 21, 22, 33, 59, 66, 124, 162, 221, 265; ii.,
140, 159, 200, 208, 212-244, 246.

Gomez, Father, i., 126.

Gongen-Sama (Iyeyasu, _which see_), i., 230.

Gordon, Captain, ii., 246.

Goseman, ——, ii., 205.

Gotō Shōzaburō, treasurer to Emperor Hashiba, i., 199, 200.

Governors of Nagasaki, i., 347.

Gowns presented to Company, ii., 104, 154;
to U. S. Consul, ii., 333.

Griffis, William Elliot, i., 74; ii., 273, 324, 344.

Gros, Baron, ii., 335.

Grote, George, i., 275.

Gruy, ——, ii., 345.

“Guitar” (samisen), ii., 315.

Gulick, Sidney, ii., 344.

Gusman, Father Luys de, i., 115, 131.

Gutzlaff, Mr., ii., 255.

Gysbert (or Guysbert), Roger, i., 243, 244, 352, 354.

Hackluyt’s translations, i., 14, 122, 150, 152, 165, 177, 178, 270;
ii., 350, 351.

Hagenaar, ——, i., 247, 253-255, 261, 343; ii., 355.

Hagendorp, Heer, ii., 196.

Hair, Manner of wearing, ii., 147, 148.

Hakata, Island of Shimo, i., 82, 213, 214.

Hakodate, Island of Matsumae, i., 221; ii., 191, 213, 216, 305, 306.

Hakone pass, ii., 65, 73, 141, 328.

Hamamatsu, ii., 70.

Hamilton, Dr., ii., 316.

_Hanashikimi_ (anise-tree), i., 401.
_See also_ Shikimi.

“Handbook of Modern Japan, A,” i., 78; ii., 343, 357, 360.

Handkerchiefs, ii., 155.

Harada Kiyemon, i., 134, 135, 142, 148.

Hara-kiri, i., 78, 79, 229, 260.

Harbors, i., 386, 387.

“Harper’s Magazine,” i., 166.

Harris, Mrs., ii., 345.

Harris, Townsend, ii., 325-335.

Hartman, S., ii., 345.

Hartshorne, Miss, ii., 344.

Hashiba (Taikō-Sama), i., 117-121, 123, 124, 126-144, 147-151, 155,
158-161, 193; ii., 54, 167.

Hatch, Arthur, i., 240.

Hawkins, Sir Richard and Sir John, i., 167.

Hay’s (John) translations, i., 115, 132, 150, 165, 205.

Healthfulness of houses, i., 392.

Hearn, Lafcadio, ii., 344.

Heating of houses, ii., 5, 6, 120, 131, 303, 321.

Hecr, ——, ii., 346.

Heine, Mr., ii., 302.

Hemmi, Adams’s estate, i., 225, 240.

Hemp, ii., 124.

Heusken, Mr., ii., 328, 332.

_Hibiscus manihot_, ii., 132.

Hidetsugu (Kwambacudono), i., 140, 149.

Hideyori, son of Taikō-Sama, i., 150, 161, 163, 197, 198, 229.

“Hideyoshi’s Invasion of Korea,” i., 145.

Hieizan, Mountain of, i., 98; ii., 67.

Highways, i., 189, 216, 380-384; ii., 15, 16, 33, 123, 328, 329.

Higo, Castle of, ii., 54.

Hildreth, Richard, i., 10; ii., 364.

Hiōgo, ii., 334.

Hirado, i., 254, 261.

Hirado, Prince of, i., 177, 184, 185, 196, 197, 210, 213.

“His Pilgrimes” (or “His Pilgrimage”), i., 177, 178, 220, 225, 232;
ii., 354.

“Hist. Gen. des Voyages,” i., 198.

“Histoire de la Dynastie des Mongoux,” i., 8.

“Histoire du Japon,” i., 20, 115, 246.

“Histoire Général de la China,” i., 7.

“Histoire Mythologique,” i., 357.

“Historia de la Compagnia de Gesu,” i., 115.

“History of Greece,” i., 275.

“History of Japan” (Adams), ii., 345.

“History of Japan” (Charlevoix), i., 290.

“History of Japan” (Kämpfer), i., 289-291.

“History of Japanese Literature,” ii., 345.

“History of Java,” i., 272; ii., 110-112.

“History of Plants,” ii., 125.

“History of the Empire of Japan,” ii., 346.

“History of the English Factory at Hirado,” i., 226.

“History of the United States,” ii., 364.

Hizen, Province of, i., 82, 120.

Hoffman, assistant to Siebold, i., 8.

Hōin-Sama.
_See_ Hirado, Prince of.

Homicide, Punishment for, i., 354.

“Honda the Samurai,” ii., 344.

Horseback-riding, i., 370-377.

Horse-shoes, i., 373.

Horses, i., 215; ii., 138, 317.

_Hotei_, i., 359.

_Hotoke_, or idols, i., 399.

Houtman, Cornelius, i., 168, 169, 177; ii., 353.

Huish, ——, ii., 345.

Hyōgo, Province Settsu, ii., 49.

“Ideals of the East, The,” ii., 345.

Idols, i., 193, 399, 400; ii., 45, 106-108.
_See also_ Temples.

“Illustrations of Japan,” i., 79; ii., 81, 147, 168, 174.

Image-trampling.
_See_ Figure-treading.

Imhoff, author of Dutch memoir, i., 272; ii., 110.

_Imi_, ii., 186, 187.

Incomes of princes, i., 240, 256-259.

“Indian History,” i., 14.

Indulgence-boxes, i., 401.

Ingen, Buddhist priest, i., 275-277.

Inns, i., 187, 216; ii., 2-13, 29, 36-41, 328.

“Intercourse between the United States and Japan, The,” ii., 273.

Interest, ii., 127.

Interpreters, i., 302-306, 369, 370; ii., 34, 117, 164.

Ise Temple, i., 68, 69; ii., 20, 21, 69.

“Island of Formosa, The,” i., 302; ii., 345.

Iyeyasu (Tokugawa Iyeyasu), i., 161-163, 175-177, 190-193, 200, 201,
218-223, 230.

Izu, Cape, ii., 283, 328.

Jacatra (Batavia), i., 237; ii., 354.

Jancigny.
_See_ De Jancigny.

“Japan” (De Jancigny), ii., 254, 277.

“Japan” (Dickson), ii., 345.

“Japan” (Reed), ii., 345.

“Japan—An Interpretation,” ii., 344.

“Japan and her People,” ii., 344.

“Japan and its Art,” ii., 345.

“Japan in Art and Industry,” ii., 345.

“Japan in History, Folk-lore, and Art,” ii., 344.

“Japan, its Architecture, Art, and Art Manufactures,” ii., 345.

“Japan: presented in Sketches of the Manners and Customs of that
Realm, especially of the Town of Nagasaki,” ii., 249.

Japan Society, London, i., 8.

“Japanese Armour,” ii., 149.

“Japanese Art,” ii., 345.

“Japanese Boy, A,” ii., 344.

“Japanese Calendars,” i., 352.

“Japanese Costume,” ii., 154.

“Japanese Education,” ii., 345.

“Japanese Fairy World” (Griffis), ii., 344.

“Japanese Fairy World, The” (Ozaki), ii., 344.

“Japanese Fans,” i., 376.

“Japanese Funeral Rites,” ii., 183.

“Japanese Girls and Women,” ii., 344.

“Japanese Heraldry,” i., 117.

“Japanese Homes,” ii., 344.

Japanese in America, i., 152.

“Japanese Life in Town and Country,” ii., 344.

“Japanese Plays,” ii., 345.

“Japanese Rituals,” i., 66.

Jarves, J. J., ii., 345.

Jesuits.
_See_ Order of Jesuits.

Jewels, ii., 332.

Jizō, Idol of, i., 399; ii., 45.

Jodogawa, River, ii., 50.

Johannis Botanicus, ii., 201.

Jones, Sir William, ii., 164.

Jontoux, Father, ii., 118.

“Journal of Commerce” (New York), ii., 293.

Jūdo, i., 74, 277.

_Jugulans nigra_, ii., 144.

_Junrei_, ii., 22.

_Kago_, i., 377-379.

Kahei, Takataya, ii., 228-243.

Kakegawa, ii., 70.

Kamakura image of Buddha, i., 218.

Kamakura, Island of, ii., 74.

_Kamban_, i., 323-325.

Kamel, George Joseph, ii., 125.

_Kami_, i., 66.
_See also_ Shintō.

Kämpfer’s account of Japan, i., 8, 27, 32, 59, 64, 66, 196, 202, 225,
240, 244, 249, 256, 257, 267, 272, 274-401; ii., 1-109, 118, 125,
146, 159, 169, 250, 254, 300.

Kanagawa, ii., 74, 293, 300, 303, 334.

_Kanrin-maru_, Japanese steamer, ii., 336.

“Keramic Art of Japan,” ii., 345.

Kinosita, Yetaro, ii., 345.

Kitchin, ——, ii., 345.

_Kitō_, i., 60, 276; ii., 167.

Kiūshiū.
_See_ Shimo.

Klaproth, Heinrich, i., 32, 69, 181, 257, 357, 359, 391; ii., 46, 62,
67, 72, 89, 108, 112, 165, 199.

Knapp, A. M., ii., 344.

Knox, Dr., ii., 112.

Knox, G. W., ii., 344.

Kōbō, saint and sage, ii., 147.

Kochebecker, of the Dutch East India Company, i., 261.

“Kojiki,” i., 359; ii., 346.

“Kokoro,” ii., 344.

_Koku_, i., 240.

Kokura, capital of Buzen, ii., 48.

Konishi Settsu-no-Kami, i., 163.

Kōshi (Confucius), ii., 68.

Koxinga, Chinese pirate, i., 302.

Koya, near Miyako, i., 292.

Kōzukeno-Suke, secretary to Emperor Hashiba, i., 199, 200.

Kramer, Conrad, i., 252.

Krusenstern, Captain, ii., 196, 197.

Kublai Khan, i., 2, 4, 8-10.

Kubō-Sama, i., 58, 61, 62, 64.

Kuchiki Samon, ii., 163.

Kuchinotsu, i., 94, 102.

_Kuge_ (patricians), i., 62, 66; ii., 21.

Kuno, Fortress of, ii., 71.

_Kuri_, i., 300, 308.

Kurile Islands, i., 123, 221, 265; ii., 190, 212, 213.

Kurume, Castle of, ii., 47.

Kuwana, Province of Owari, ii., 69.

Kwambacudono, i., 118, 123, 140, 149, 150.

Kwannon Temple, ii., 107.

Kyōto (Miyako, _which see_), i., 215.

_Ladoga_, American whaler, ii., 266, 269.

_Lady Pierce_, American ship, ii., 312-314.

_Lady Rowena_, ii., 258.

Lampacau Island, i., 19.

Lancaster, Captain, i., 167, 177.

“Land of the Morning, The,” ii., 345.

Langsdorff, Attaché, ii., 197.

Lanterns, i., 373; ii., 329.

La Perouse, Voyage of, i., 124, 221, 265; ii., 190.

La Salle, ii., 364.

Lattices, ii., 91.

_Lawrence_, American whaler, ii., 265.

Laws, i., 78, 206, 260, 354; ii., 161, 162, 245.

Laxman, Lieut., ii., 191, 192, 196, 219.

Lay, ——, ii., 183.

Leeds, ——, ii., 351, 352.

Lepers, i., 164.

“Letters Written by the English Residents in Japan, 1611-1623,”
i., 178, 207, 219.

Lew Chew Islands, i., 31, 124, 181, 281; ii., 312, 355.

Liano, Spanish gentleman, i., 142.

Linschooten, Hugh, i., 168.

Liverwort used as charm, i., 401.

“Log of a Japanese Journey,” ii., 345.

Lowell, P., ii., 344.

Loyola, Ignatius, i., 42, 43, 90.

“L’univers, ou Histoire et Description de tout les Peuples,” ii., 254.

Macartney, Lord, ii., 164.

Mackay, ——, ii., 345.

Maclay, A. C., ii., 345.

Maffei, ——, i., 14, 81, 165.

Mahay, Jacques, i., 169, 170.

Maize, ii., 317.

Makino Bingo-no-Kami, ii., 84.

Malela, Father, i., 7.

_Malva Mauritiana_, ii., 124.

_Mamori_, ii., 179.

Manchu dynasty, i., 274.

_Manjū_, a cake, ii., 13, 98.

_Mankoku_, i., 240.

Manners, ii., 174.
_See also_ Civility of Japanese.

“Manners and Customs of the Japanese in the Nineteenth Century,”
ii., 254.

Manufactures, i., 77;
of Miyako, ii., 63, 64;
of Suruga, ii., 71.

Manuscript history, ii., 168.

Maple-trees, ii., 141.

Maps, ii., 157, 251, 252.

Marco Polo, i., 1-6, 13.

_Mariner_, English ship, ii., 272, 273.

“Marriage Ceremonies,” ii., 170, 172.

Marriages, i., 259; ii., 174-183, 225.

Marsden, ——, translator, i., 2, 4, 6.

Matheson, Commander, ii., 272, 273.

Mats, Floor, i., 391; ii., 5, 52, 89, 91, 131, 152.

Matsumae, ii., 220, 226.

Matsumae Island.
_See_ Matsumaye Island.

Matsumaye (Yezo or Matsumae) Island, i., 123, 124, 220, 221, 262-265;
ii., 222.

_Matsuri_ (public spectacle at Nagasaki), i., 296, 356-365.

Matsuura Hoin.
_See_ Hirado, Prince of.

“Matthew Galbraith Perry,” ii., 324.

May, Henry, i., 178.

McClatchie, ——, ii., 345.

McCoy, American seaman, ii., 270, 271.

McDonald, Ranald, American seaman, ii., 271, 272.

Meals, ii., 39, 133.

Measures and weights, i., 23, 59, 249, 272.

Medhurst, Mr., ii., 210.

Medicine and surgery, i., 26, 28, 77; ii., 68, 93, 94, 118, 122,
145-147.

_Melea azedarach_, ii., 125.

Melis, Thomas, i., 169.

“Memoir on the Trade of Japan, and the Causes of its Decline,”
i., 272; ii., 110.

“Mémoires concernant les Chinois,” i., 7.

“Memoirs of the Shōguns” (or Djoguns), i., 98; ii., 168.

“Memorable Embassies of the Dutch to the Emperors of Japan,” i., 266,
272; ii., 88.

“Memorials of the Empire of Japan,” i., 225.

_Mentha piperita_, ii., 124.

_Mercator_, American whaler, ii., 260, 261.

Merchant class, ii., 139, 174, 243, 244.

Merchant marine of Japan, i., 180, 181.
_See also_ Trade.

Mermaids, ii., 53.

_Mespillus japonica_, ii., 159.

Messengers, ii., 2.

Meylan, G. F., ii., 248-250.

Mimitsuka Chapel, ii., 108.

Mindanao, Island of, i., 55, 56.

Mines, ii., 111, 112, 250.

“Mirror of Yedo,” i., 257.

Mirrors, ii., 133.

_Miseratsie_, or wall adornments, ii., 4, 6-8.

Missionaries, Catholic, other than Jesuit, i., 147-149, 151, 152,
155-160, 163, 164, 179, 223, 228-232, 241-248, 268.

Missionaries, Jesuit, i., 38-41, 45-56, 60, 63-65, 67, 70-72, 81-91,
93-98, 100-103, 116-121, 124-136, 138, 142, 143, 145-149, 151-160,
162-164, 175, 179, 205, 222, 227-234, 241-248, 263, 264, 268, 269,
279, 280; ii., 169, 259.

Missionaries, Protestant, i., 147; ii., 255, 259, 266.

_Mississippi_, American frigate, ii., 281, 282, 287, 291, 314, 315.

Mitford, A. B. F., ii., 344.

“Mito Yashiki,” ii., 345.

Mitsukuri, Dr., ii., 210.

Miya (Atsuta), ii., 69.

_Miya_ (Shintō temples), i., 67-69, 398, 399; ii., 302.

Miyako, i., 61, 83, 96, 97, 155, 161, 163, 164, 192, 222; ii., 58,
62-66, 104-108, 140.

Mongols, i., 2, 6-10.

“Moniteur des Indes,” ii., 274.

Monsoons, i., 316.

Moor, Captain, ii., 228, 229, 236.

Mōri Motonari, i., 90, 95, 103.

_Morrison_, American brig, ii., 255-258, 284.

Morse, E. S., ii., 344.

_Morus papyrifira_, ii., 132.

Mossman, ——, ii., 345.

Mountain priests, i., 74; ii., 23-25, 72.

Mountains, i., 386, 387; ii., 134, 255.

Mourning, ii., 178, 185-187.

Moxa, ii., 126, 145, 146.

Mulberry-trees, i., 76; ii., 132.

Munro, ——, ii., 310.

Murakami, N., i., 226.

Murakawn, K., i., 178.

Murray, D., ii., 158, 344.

Murray, Lieut., ii., 302.

Mushrooms, ii., 159.

Music and musicians, i., 212, 213, 357, 362; ii., 28, 315.

Nabores, Hieronymo de, i., 270.

Nagasaki, i., 97, 102, 125, 128, 143, 145, 156-160, 164, 234, 235,
244, 275, 284, 285, 291-294, 337-353, 355-365, 397.

_Naibun_, ii., 241.

_Namida_ (Sanscrit prayer), i., 344; ii., 27, 73.

“Narrative of a Japanese, The,” ii., 346.

Natural history researches, ii., 251-253.

Nettles, ii., 124.

“New Japan,” ii., 345.

“New Life of Toyotomi Hideyoshi,” i., 150.

New Moon ceremonies, ii., 316.

New Year’s Day (European), ii., 126.

New Year’s Day (Japanese), i., 357; ii., 127, 225, 226.

“New York Times,” ii., 310.

“New York Tribune,” ii., 301, 316.

Newbury, John, ii., 351, 352.

_Niagara_, U. S. frigate, ii., 337.

Nicholson, Lieut., ii., 302.

_Nihombashi_, or great bridge at Yedo, i., 380; ii., 78, 200.

Nikkō Temple, i., 230, 253.

Ningpo, i., 13.

Ni-ō-mon, “gate of the two kings,” ii., 108.

Nippon, i., 1, 27, 57, 124.

“Nippon Ōdai Ichiran,” ii., 165.

“Nippon, or Archives for the Description of Japan,” ii., 254.

Nitobe, I. O., ii., 273, 344.

Nobles, i., 240, 256-260; ii., 70, 81, 149-153.

Nobunaga (Oda Nobunaga), i., 96-98, 102, 103, 116, 117, 139.

Noises of the town, i., 344; ii., 189.

Noort, Oliver, i., 169, 171.

_Norimono_, i., 347, 377-379; ii., 327.

_Noshi_, ii., 177.

“Notes on the Intercourse between Japan and Siam in the Seventeenth
Century,” ii., 354.

“Notices et Extraits des Manuscrits,” ii., 165.

“Noto, an Unexplored Corner of Japan,” ii., 344.

“Nouveau Journal Asiatique,” i., 181; ii., 112.

“Nouveau Mélanges Asiatique,” ii., 146, 165.

Nugnes Barreto, Father, i., 88-90.

Nuyts, Peter de, i., 252-254; ii., 355.

Oaks, ii., 142.

Oars, i., 389.

Ōbaku, papal residence of Ingen, i., 276.

Odawara, ii., 73.

Official life at Nagasaki, i., 345-350.

Ōgosho-Sama, i., 163.
_See also_ Iyeyasu.

_Oharai_, or indulgence, ii., 21.

Ōigawa, River, i., 384, 385; ii., 71.

Ōita, i., 27.

Okakara, ——, ii., 345.

Okasaki, ii., 69.

Ōmura, town and bay, ii., 45.

Opium war, ii., 259.

Order of Jesuits, i., 41-46, 54.
_See_ Missionaries, Jesuit.

Orfanel, Father Fray Jacinto, i., 246.

Oriental Translation Fund, ii., 165.

“Oriental Travels,” Marco Polo, i., 1-6.

“Origin of Spanish and Portuguese Rivalry in Japan, The,” i., 135.

“Origin of the Riches of Japan,” ii., 112.

_Oryris japonica_, ii., 142.

Ōsaka, i., 118, 127, 155, 161, 164, 175, 195, 214, 215, 230, 382;
ii., 49-54, 324, 334.

Ōshima, Island of, ii., 305.

Ōtsu, town and lake, ii., 63, 67.

Outcast Japanese, i., 249; ii., 192, 258.

Oxen, ii., 59, 137.

Ozaki, Miss, ii., 344.

Pacheco, Father, i., 245.

Pack-horses and travellers’ equipment, i., 370-377.

Palaces, i., 188, 189, 340; ii., 80.
_See also_ Castles _and_ Emperor, Castle of.

Palanquins, i., 216.

Paper, ii., 132, 133.

Paper-hangings, i.,340, 392; ii., 52.

Parish priests, i., 180, 229.

Parker, Dr., ii., 255.

“Parli, the Last of the Missionaries,” ii., 345.

“Past and Present of Japanese Commerce, The,” ii., 345.

Paul of the Holy Faith.
_See_ Anjirō.

Pazio, Father Francis, i., 163.

Pearls, ii., 45, 46.

Pears, ii., 140.

Peel’s Island, ii., 282.

Pellew, Captain, ii., 204, 205.

“Peregrinations in the East,” i., 14, 15; ii., 348-350.

Perry, Commodore, ii., 238, 276-324.

Persecution of Catholic missionaries, i., 119, 120, 125, 126,
155-160, 164, 205, 222, 227-234, 240-251, 261.

_Phaeton_, English frigate, ii., 204, 205, 208.

_Phascolus_, ii., 124, 159.

_Philadelphia_, U. S. steamer, ii., 336.

Philippine Islands, i., 56, 134, 135, 152, 166.

Physicians, i., 28, 29; ii., 68, 93, 94, 103, 144-147, 157, 172, 250.

“Pictorial Arts of Japan, The,” ii., 345.

Pilgrimages, i., 69; ii., 20-22, 69.

Pillows, ii., 5, 133.

Pilotage rates, ii., 311.

Pilots, i., 387.

Pinkerton’s collection, i., 261, 267.

Pinto, Fernam Mendez, i., 14-31, 34-38, 49, 52, 84, 88, 89, 91, 92;
ii., 112, 348-350.

_Pinus abies_, ii., 144.

_Pinus silvestris_, ii., 142.

_Pisum sativum_, ii., 124.

Plane-trees, ii., 82.

Ploughing, i., 216.

_Plymouth_, American sloop, ii., 282.

Police protection, i., 188, 214, 349-353, 356.

_Pologonum_, ii., 124.

Population, i., 186, 190, 192, 195, 257; ii., 53, 57, 65, 74.

Portraits, i., 33.

Portuguese in the East, i., 11-34, 36-41, 45, 48, 49, 57, 58, 64,
71, 84, 90, 91, 102, 103, 120, 127, 134-136, 138, 139, 142, 145,
147, 153, 154, 158, 159, 164, 166, 167, 174-176, 179, 181, 182,
196-199, 208, 209, 221, 228, 248-251, 255, 261-265, 269-271, 278.

Post-houses, ii., 1, 2.

Potatoes, ii., 124, 317.

Poverty, i., 77, 87, 395; ii., 162.

_Powhatan_, United States ship, ii., 297, 324, 336.

Prayers for the dead, i., 344.

_Preble_, American ship, ii., 265-269, 271, 272.

Precious metals, Export of, ii., 112, 113.

Presents, i., 217, 367, 368; ii., 59, 85, 96, 97, 104, 141, 175.

Pring, Martin, i., 237-239.

Printing, ii., 157.

Prisons, ii., 217, 220-222.

Protestants in Japanese missions.
_See_ Missionaries, Protestant.

Provinces, as found by Portuguese, i., 57, 58;
division by “Circuits, “vii., 343.

Purcell, ——, ii., 345.

Purchas, ——, i., 165, 177, 184, 220, 225, 232, 236, 240; ii., 349, 354.

“Pure Shintō,” i., 66.

“Quarterly Review,” ii., 247.

Radishes, i., 286, 383; ii., 215.

Raffles, Sir Stamford, i., 272; ii., 110-112, 195, 196, 202, 208-210.

Rain-coats, i., 375; ii., 143.

Rain-maker, Priestly, i., 276.

Rank, The distinction of, i., 60.

Rationalists.
_See_ Jūdo.

_Rebecca_, American ship, ii., 206.

“Recollections of Japan,” ii., 194, 195.

Reed, ——, ii., 345.

Regamey, ——, ii., 345.

“Relation du Japon,” i., 224.

“Religions of Japan, The,” i., 74; ii., 344.

Religious sects and beliefs, i., 65-74, 138, 139, 194, 195, 207, 261,
291; ii., 65.

Rémusat, Abel, i., 70; ii., 146, 165, 169.

Resanoff, Count, ii., 196-199.

_Rhus succedanea_, ii., 125.

_Rhus vernix_, i., 76; ii., 125.

Rice, i., 76, 257, 343; ii., 47, 59, 136, 159.

Riess, Dr. L., i., 178, 240.

Rikord, Captain, ii., 226-243.

Riordan, R., and Takayanagi, T., ii., 344.

Rivers, i., 384, 385; ii., 50, 63.

Road-books, i., 376; ii., 13.

_Roanoke_, U. S. steamer, ii., 336.

Rodriguez, Father, i., 32, 60, 63, 133, 136, 156, 158, 162, 165.

Roofs, i., 339, 392; ii., 52, 130, 303, 306, 321.

Rowing, Method of, i., 389.

_Rubia cordata_, ii., 124.

Rundall, ——, i., 225, 230, 240.

Russian American Company, ii., 203.

Russian relations with Japan, ii., 190-192, 196-199, 203, 212-244, 323.

Ryōzayemon, a Russian prisoner, ii., 226-229.

Saddles, i., 371, 377.

Sadono-Kami, president of Prince Hideyori’s council, i., 201.

Saga, capital of Hizen, ii., 46, 47, 129.

Sagami, Cape, ii., 283.

_Saguer_, a rare tree, ii., 11.

_Saikaidō_, i., 381.

Sakai, i., 95, 118, 215; ii., 49.

_Sakana_, ii., 38.

_Sake_, i., 76, 216, 343; ii., 54, 324.

Sakhalin, i., 123, 124, 265; ii., 212.

Salt butter as a remedy, ii., 127.

Salutation, Ceremony of, i., 210.

Samisen, i., 212; ii., 315.

Sancian Island, i., 13.

“San Francisco Herald,” ii., 313.

_San Jacinto_, American steamer, ii., 325.

_San Philip_, Spanish galleon, i., 151, 152, 154, 159, 160, 180.

Santvoort, Melichor von, i., 203, 244.

Sao harbor, ii., 70.

_Saramang_, English frigate, ii., 259.

_Saratoga_, American sloop, ii., 282.

Saris, Captain John, i., 196, 207-225, 229, 232, 343.

Satow, ——, i., 66, 86, 135; ii., 354.

Sawaas (or Sowas), i., 330, 344.

Sayer, agent of English East India Company, i., 230.

Scherer, J. A. B., ii., 344.

Scheuchzer, Dr. I. G., i., 290.

Schools, ii., 135.

Science, Study of, i., 77.

Scurvy, ii., 229.

Sea-weeds, Edible, ii., 213.

Segaki, ii., 26.

Seimei, and the table of unfortunate days, ii., 41-44.

Seminary at Goa, i., 41, 49, 55.

Serfs, i., 59.

Serqueyra, Father Louis (Bishop of Japan), i., 227, 242.

Servants, i., 354; ii., 177.

_Sesamum orientale_, ii., 125.

Settsu-no-Kami, governor of Nagasaki, i., 347; ii., 100.

“Seven Gods of Happiness,” i., 359.

Shaëp, Captain, i., 263, 265.

Shigemi, S., ii., 344.

_Shikimi_ (anise-tree), ii., 126.
_See also Hanashikimi_.

Shikoku Island, i., 123, 124.
_Same as_ Sikoku Island.

Shimabara Fortress, i., 94, 248, 261.

Shimada, ii., 71.

Shimo, i., 27, 57, 93, 97, 98, 119, 124, 125, 145, 164, 213, 228.

Shimoda, town and river, ii., 301, 302, 305, 316-324, 326.

Shimonoseki, i., 368, 381; ii., 48, 49.

Shinagawa, ii., 75, 247, 248.

Shintō, i., 66-70, 138, 139, 342, 359, 360, 399; ii., 65.

Shintō clergy, i., 74, 342, 359, 360, 398; ii., 65.

Shintō temples (Miya), i., 67, 342, 399; ii., 65.

Shiota, ii., 129.
_See also_ Shiwota.

Ships and Harbor Guard, Nagasaki, i., 312, 348.

Ships and boats, i., 77, 387-390; ii., 72.

Shōgun-Sama, i., 230, 247.

Shōguns, The, i., 58; ii., 158, 166-173.

Shooting of birds, ii., 308.

Shops, i., 394; ii., 11, 52, 77, 247, 319-323.

Shotten, Timothy, i., 169.

“Sidney Gazette,” ii., 258.

Siebold, Dr. Philipp Franz von, i., 8, 9, 31, 33, 123, 338, 351;
ii., 43, 46, 125, 149, 237, 248, 250-254, 274, 310.

Signs, ii., 320, 323.

Sikoku Island, i., 57, 119.
_Same as_ Shikoku.

Silk, i., 76, 101, 321.

Sitting posture, ii., 133, 303.

Sloane, Sir Hans, i., 290.

Small-pox, i., 400.

_Smilax China_, ii., 124.

Smoke-holes, i., 3.

Smoking articles, ii., 37, 38.

Smuggling, i., 300, 314, 328, 332, 333, 353, 397; ii., 115, 116, 275.

Soap, ii., 126.

Soil, i., 76.

Soldiers, ii., 223, 224.
_See also_ Armies and Soldiery.

Solis, Jean de, i., 135, 136, 142, 143.

Sotelo, Father Louis, i., 203-205, 245, 246.

“Soul of the Far East, The,” ii., 344.

Sowaas.
_See_ Sowas.

Sowas (_or_ Sawaas), i., 330, 344, 377.

Soy, ii., 13, 119, 159.

Spanish in the East, i., 56, 134-136, 142, 143, 147, 148, 151-154,
159, 160, 166, 167, 179, 180, 191, 197, 199, 202-204, 208, 209,
221, 228, 237, 241, 261, 270, 271.

Spex, Jacob, i., 197, 198, 202, 203, 206.

Spinola, ——, i., 241.

_Spirea_, ii., 142.

Springs, ii., 46, 129.

Spy Guard, Nagasaki, i., 312, 348.

State’s Island, i., 124, 265.

Sterling, Admiral, ii., 323.

Stevens, Thomas, ii., 350, 351.

Stewart, Captain, ii., 193-196.

St. Michael, patron saint of Japan, i., 98.

Stockings, ii., 143.

Story, ——, ii., 351.

“Story of Japan,” ii., 158, 344.

Street-government of cities, i., 188, 349-353, 356, 361-363;
ii., 51, 80, 330.

“Suburb of Yedo, A,” ii., 345.

Sugar, ii., 117, 275.

Sun-Goddess (Tenshō-daijin), i., 66, 67, 69, 224, 357-359.

“Sunrise Stories,” ii., 344.

Superstitions, i., 48, 74, 207, 401; ii., 68, 223.

Suruga, i., 163, 186, 190, 217; ii., 71.

_Susquehanna_, American frigate, ii., 282, 291, 314, 315.

Suwa, Festivals of, i., 296, 356-365.

Suwa, Temple of, i., 356, 357.

Suyematsu, ——, ii., 345.

Sweetmeats, ii., 13, 29, 331.

Swine, ii., 138.

Swords, i., 59, 106, 185, 210, 290, 349, 369; ii., 149, 155, 168, 243.

Taikō-Sama. _See_ Hashiba.

Taikō-Sama, Castle of, i., 118; ii., 54.

Taikō-Sama, Temple and Tomb of, i., 193.

Takayanagi, T., and Riordan, R., ii., 344.

“Tales of Old Japan,” ii., 344.

Tanners, i., 334, 349.

Tartars, i., 5-10.

Tashima, Legend of, ii., 42.

Taxes, i., 258, 355, 356.

Tea, i., 76, 216; ii., 13, 14, 128, 158, 220.

Teisuke, Murakami, ii., 221, 223, 226, 239.

Temples, i., 67, 68, 71, 161, 193, 194, 216, 218, 222, 275, 342,
356, 357, 397-399; ii., 59, 69, 75, 79, 104-108, 304, 307, 316.

“Temples of Riches,” i., 275.

Tennōji, ii., 54.

Tenriū, River, i., 385.

Tenshō-daijin.
_See_ Sun-Goddess.

Tenza, The, i., 164.

_Tera_ (Buddhist temples), i., 71, 275, 342, 397, 398; ii., 65, 304.

Terazawa, i., 145, 146, 156.

Theatrical representations, i., 77, 212, 213, 360-365; ii., 53, 160.

Thevenot, ——, i., 243, 261, 265; ii., 354.

Threshing, ii., 158.

Thunberg, Charles Peter, i., 60, 290, 376, 391, 392; ii., 16, 114-163,
169, 210, 213, 254.

_Thuya dolebrata_, ii., 141.

_Tiger_, English ship, ii., 353, 354.

Tillage of the soil, i., 76, 381, 386, 387; ii., 134, 136-138, 317.

Time, Division of, i., 351.

Time-measurers, ii., 126, 251.

Titsingh, Isaac, i., 59, 79, 98, 230, 240, 257, 276, 281, 351, 357,
376; ii., 43, 81, 85, 112, 146, 147, 163-189.

Tobacco culture, ii., 123.

_Tōkaidō_, i., 382; ii., 15, 23.

_Toko_, or cupboard, ii., 4, 7, 178.

_Tokowaki_, or side cupboard, ii., 5.

Tolls, i., 385.

“Tomb of Ears,” ii., 108.

Tomb of Taikō-Sama, i., 193, 194.

Torey (Stewart, Captain), ii., 196.

Torment of the Fosse, i., 246, 247.

Torres, Cosme de, i., 52, 54-56, 87, 91, 97.

_Toshitoku_, i., 359.

Towns and villages, i., 394, 395; ii., 57, 74.

“Townsend Harris,” ii., 325.

Toyohashi (Yoshida), ii., 70.

Toyotomi Hideyoshi, ii., 54.
_See also_ Hashiba.

Trade, i., 77; ii., 202, 274, 275.

Transactions and Proceedings of the Japan Society, London, i., 376.

Transactions of the Asiatic Society of Japan, i., 32, 66, 86, 117,
135, 145, 178, 204, 226, 257, 290, 352, 359; ii., 7, 77, 112, 144,
149, 154, 174, 183, 199, 206, 210, 315, 346, 354.

Translations, i., 121, 122, 158, 222, 223, 280; ii., 122, 123, 164,
165, 210, 222.

Transportation in the interior, i., 216, 347, 371-385.

Travellers on the highways, ii., 15-36, 41, 42, 45, 58, 329.

Trays, ii., 333.

Trial by torture, i., 353, 354.

Trials, i., 78, 355; ii., 218.

Trigault, Nicholas, i., 232.

Tsadanil trees, ii., 57.

_Tsubaki_, ii., 125.

Tsuchi Yama, ii., 69.

_Tsuitachi_, or first day of the month, ii., 58.

Tsuni Yoshi, Emperor, ii., 85.

Turks, i., 16.

Ukondono, i., 117-119, 129, 229.

Umenoki, ii., 68.

“Unbeaten Tracks in Japan,” ii., 344.

Unicorns’ horns, ii., 117, 118.

United States’ relations with Japan, ii., 193-196, 206, 255-258,
260-273, 276-339.

Uraga, i., 218.

Utensils and dishes, ii., 8.

_Vaccinia_, ii., 142.

Valignani, Father Alexander, i., 100-103, 121, 126-136, 138, 143,
162, 165; ii., 349.

Van Braam, ——, ii., 164.

_Vandalia_, ii., 293.

Van Linschoten, John Huigen, ii., 351, 352.

Van Sturlen, director of the Company, ii., 250.

Varnish-tree, i., 76; ii., 125.

Vasco da Gama, i., 11.

Vault, for fire protection, ii., 52.

Vaz, Alvares, i., 49, 50.

Vega, Lopo de, Spanish poet, i., 231.

Vegetables, i., 76; ii., 124, 159, 317.

Verhagen’s fleet (Dutch), i., 169-177.

Verhœven fleet (Dutch), i., 182, 196, 198.

_Viburna_, ii., 142.

_Vicia faba_, ii., 124.

Vilela, Father Gaspard, i., 89, 94, 95, 97, 133, 165; ii., 189.

_Vincennes_, American frigate, ii., 261-265, 283.

Vivero, Don Rodrigo de, governor of Manila, i., 180, 185-261, 265,
266; ii., 118, 355.

Volcanoes, ii., 46, 170, 173, 305.

“Voyage around the World, A,” ii., 203.

“Voyages au Nord,” i., 250, 254, 261, 265, 266; ii., 118, 355.

“Voyages Curieuse,” i., 261.

“Voyages des Indes,” i., 243, 252, 254, 261; ii., 355.

Waardenaar, Heer, ii., 207, 208.

Wada Iga-no-kami, i., 96, 97.

Wadenaar, Heer, ii., 195.

Waganaar, of the Dutch East India Company, i., 265, 266.

Walnuts, ii., 144.

Warm drinks, i., 216.

Water-clocks, ii., 251.

Water supply, i., 293, 343; ii., 54.

Weapons, ii., 149.

Webster, Daniel, ii., 276-281.

Weddell, Admiral, i., 255.

“Wee Ones of Japan, The,” 344.

Weights and measures, i., 23, 59, 249, 272.

Whale fishery, i., 255.

Wheat, i., 76, 216.

Wheeled vehicles, ii., 137, 138.

Whiskey, ii., 206.

Whiting, Lieut., ii., 302.

Whitney, Dr., ii., 144.

Williams, S. W., ii., 255, 258, 284, 310, 318-323.

Windows, i., 391; ii., 4, 130, 131, 322.

Wine, ii., 206.

Wittert, Admiral, i., 197.

Women, i., 98, 120, 127, 149, 161, 211, 212, 214, 243, 259, 260, 279,
292, 340, 341, 345, 361; ii., 23, 24, 29, 30, 47, 58, 70, 91, 96,
97, 120-122, 127, 153-156, 161, 167, 169, 174-183, 211, 225,
231-233, 242, 249, 304, 315, 329, 330.

Wormwood, ii., 125, 146.

Written language, i., 77, 78.

Xavier, Francis, i., 38, 39, 41-43, 46-55, 64, 71, 72, 81-88, 98;
ii., 353.

Yakushi, patron of physicians, ii., 68.

Yamabu.
_See_ Yamabushi.

_Yamabushi_, or mountain priests, i., 74; ii., 23-25, 72.

Yamaguchi, capital of Nagato, i., 82, 89, 90, 96.

Yams, ii., 124.

Yebisu, patron of fishermen, i., 359.

_Yebumi_ (figure-treading, _which see_), i., 352.

Yedo, i., 163, 186, 187, 218, 230, 265, 380; ii., 76-83, 324, 326, 330.

“Yedo Kagami” (“Mirror of Yedo”), i., 257.

Yezo Island.
_See_ Matsumaye Island.

Yodo, ii., 50, 57.

Yokkaichi, ii., 69.

Yokohama.
_See_ Kanagawa.

Yoritomo, Prince, ii., 28-30.

Yoshida, ii., 70.

Yoshimune, i., 119, 120, 125, 127, 144, 145.

“Young Japan” (Black), ii., 345.

“Young Japan” (Scherer), ii., 344.

Zelandia, Fort, in Formosa, i., 262, 302.

_Zeni_, i., 372, 373; ii., 309.

Zipangu, i., 1, 3-6, 14.

BOOKS ON JAPANESE SUBJECTS

A HANDBOOK OF MODERN JAPAN

By ERNEST W. CLEMENT. With two maps and over sixty illustrations from photographs. Fourth Edition. Cloth, 12mo. $1.40 _net_.

JAPAN AS IT WAS AND IS

A Handbook of Old Japan. By RICHARD HILDRETH. Edited by Ernest W. Clement, with an Introduction by William Elliot Griffis. With maps and numerous rare illustrations. In two vols., cloth, 12mo. $3.00 _net_.

ARTS AND CRAFTS OF OLD JAPAN

By STEWART DICK. With thirty illustrations. Gray boards, 8vo. $1.20 _net_.

FAR EASTERN IMPRESSIONS

Japan, Corea, and China. By ERNEST F. G. HATCH, M. P. With three maps and eighty-eight illustrations from photographs. Cloth, 12mo. $1.40 _net_.

KAKEMONO

Japanese sketches. By A. HERBAGE EDWARDS. With frontispiece. Cloth, 8vo. $1.75 _net_.

THE MAKERS OF JAPAN

By J. MORRIS. A series of biographies of great Japanese statesmen and soldiers. With twenty-four illustrations. Large 8vo. $3.00 _net_.

McDONALD OF OREGON

A Tale of Two Shores. By EVA EMERY DYE. The chronicle of the earliest Japanese refugees to land in America, and of the first Americans who visited Japan, later to act as interpreters to Perry. Illustrated by W. J. Enright. 8vo. $1.50.

RECENT PRESS COMMENTS ON

A HANDBOOK OF MODERN JAPAN

“One of the most valued, because fruitful, members of the Asiatic Society of Japan, and with the advantage of over fifteen years’ residence in the provinces and capital of the Mikado’s Empire, Professor Clement is probably the best fitted to give us not only a handbook of Japan, but _the_ Handbook. His twenty-one chapters, with appendix and index, abundant bibliography, rich discussion of varied topics, make this the best book-picture of the Japan of to-day. Besides readableness, one has the sense, while enjoying it, to know that it is perfectly trustworthy. A laborious and conscientious student has patiently sifted and tested his facts, and with judicial mind presented them. No subject of importance concerning the Japanese and their country is left without treatment.... This is the book for the library and the busy man in 1903—whether there be peace or war with Russia.”—_The Outlook._

“Just what Americans wish to know of Japan.... The ‘Handbook’ is a veritable storehouse of information. It is surprising how much can be crammed into so small a space, and how conveniently and attractively it can be done. The volume is copiously and artistically illustrated, and plentifully supplied with maps which show clearly just what one wants to know about the Empire of the Mikado. Great familiarity with his subject is shown by Mr. Clement’s work.”—_Chicago Journal._

“The book is evidently written by an authority on Modern Japan, and is just what its title indicates—a handbook of the Japan of to-day.”—_Denver Republican._

“We feel no hesitation in affirming that for one seeking within the pages of one book the most information of Japan and its people, and of a reliable character, there has been nothing heretofore produced that excels this Handbook of Modern Japan by Professor Clement.”—_Japan Evangelist._

“The immediate charm and sterling value of Prof. Ernest W. Clement’s ‘Handbook of Modern Japan’ lie in the fact that he speaks for the most part from immediate knowledge and experience, and from an inside view.... Likely to be wanted constantly on the table of most intelligent people interested in the Far East and its possibilities.”—_The Nation_, New York.

RECENT PRESS COMMENTS ON

A HANDBOOK OF MODERN JAPAN

“This is the book for the hour when Russia looms and Korea shrivels, or for the year and decade when the map of Eastern Asia may be arranged.”—_The Dial_, Chicago.

“For those who would acquire exact information concerning the ‘Yankees of the Orient,’ and who cannot obtain it at first hand, no better book has been issued than Ernest W. Clement’s ‘Handbook of Modern Japan.’ ... The reliability and completeness of his information cannot be questioned.”—_Chicago Evening Post._

“Perhaps there is no other single book in which may be found such varied, compact, and up-to-date information.”—_Springfield Republican._

“Just what Japan will develop into no one can say. What Japan is now, is most ably described by Mr. Clement, whose book is illustrated with photographs which really illustrate, and help one to realize the extraordinary progress made in the land of the Rising Sun.”—_New York Times._

“Will appeal especially to the intelligent American reader who desires to get into closer touch with the Mikado’s Empire.”—_Review of Reviews_, New York.

“Alike for the traveller, the new resident, and the reader at a distance, it provides just the essential facts about Japanese life, public and private, while its well-chosen bibliography affords guidance for further study.”—_The Churchman_, New York.

“Will probably be for some time to come the authority in this country as to those conditions of Japan which affect our interest in her.... It is an admirable book, and the reader who reads this from beginning to end, especially the statistics and notes at the close, can say that he knows Japan as a world power. The illustrations are many and excellent.”—_Minneapolis Times._

“It is no exaggeration to say that this book probably contains more practical information about Japan and the Japanese than any other volume of the same size. This is no disparagement of a number of excellent and informative works written by English and American authors, but is a tribute to the conciseness of Mr. Clement’s book and the manner of arrangement. Of all the books published upon Japan there is hardly one which covers the same ground in the same way that Mr. Clement’s book does.”—_Chicago Tribune._

A. C. McCLURG & CO., PUBLISHERS

FOOTNOTES:

[1] It is also used as a toilet-box, in which to keep combs, brushes, etc.

[2] See Conder’s illustrated paper in vol. xvii of the Transactions of the Asiatic Society of Japan.—EDR.

[3] The most recent visitors to Japan all agree in representing the common tea of the country as an inferior article, not suited for exportation.

[4] These great retinues are thus accounted for by Thunberg: “As both the monarch himself and all the princes of the country are clothed and dress their hair in the same manner as the rest of the inhabitants, and being destitute of thrones, jewels, and other like paraphernalia, cannot be so distinguished from others, they have adopted the expedient of exhibiting themselves on journeys and festive occasions according to their condition in life, and the dignity of their respective offices, with a great number of people, officers, and attendants hovering about them.” The statement already quoted from Caron (see vol. i, p. 259) as to the numbers composing these princely retinues, is much less than that given above, and probably nearer the truth.

[The numbers of the retinues which Kämpfer gives are too large.—K. M.]

[5] This is the Sanscrit.

[6] The letters of the Jesuit missionaries contain accounts of Buddhist devotees who went so far as to drown or otherwise destroy themselves. Kämpfer, and the writers since his time, make no mention of such extreme fanaticism, which, however, is a natural outgrowth from the doctrine of the Buddhists.

[7] Great numbers of the Japanese musicians, as Kämpfer tells us in another place, are blind men, who constitute a sort of order or society which boasts as its legendary founder a certain general of the family of the Heiji, who, at the time of the civil war which ended in the destruction of that family, was taken prisoner by Yoritomo. Notwithstanding repeated attempts at escape, he was very kindly treated, and was pressed to enter into the service of his captor. But, not being able to look upon the destroyer of the Heiji without an irresistible desire to kill him, not to be outdone in generosity, he plucked out his eyes and presented them to Yoritomo on a plate!

There is another—more ancient, but less numerous—order of the blind, composed exclusively of ecclesiastical persons, and claiming as its founder a legendary prince, who cried himself blind at the death of his beautiful mistress.

The blind are numerous, and disorders of the eyes are very common in Japan.

[8] Froez, in one of his letters, defines this Japanese word as signifying a kind of salted vegetable, like olives. It seems to include all kinds of refreshment occasionally offered to visitors.

[9] The total expense of the entire journey, including the presents to the emperor and others, is estimated by Kämpfer at twenty thousand rix dollars, equivalent to about the same number of our dollars.

[10] The fox is regarded by the Japanese as a sort of divinity, though, according to Siebold, they seem in doubt whether to reckon it a god or devil. If a Japanese is placed in circumstances of doubt or difficulty, he sets out a platter of rice and beans as a sacrifice to his fox; and if the next day any of it is gone, that is regarded as a favorable omen. Wonderful stories (equal to any of our spirit-rapping miracles) are told of the doings of these foxes. Titsingh gives the following by way of specimen: The grandfather of his friend, the imperial treasurer of Nagasaki, and who had in his time filled the same office, despatched one day a courier to Yedo with very important letters for the councillors of state. A few days after he discovered that one of the most important of the letters had been accidentally left out of the package,—a forgetfulness which exposed him to great disgrace. In his despair he recurred to his fox and offered him a sacrifice. The next morning he saw, to his great satisfaction, that some of it had been eaten; after which, upon going into his cabinet, the letter which he had forgotten to send was nowhere to be found. This caused him great uneasiness, till he received a message from his agent at Yedo, who informed him that, upon opening the box which contained the despatches, the lock of it appeared to have been forced by a letter pressed in between the box and its cover from without,—the very same letter, as it proved, left behind at Nagasaki. The more intelligent, says Titsingh, laugh at this superstition, but the great body of the people have firm faith in it. There are in Japan, according to Siebold, two species of foxes, very much like the ordinary ones of Europe and America, and, from the immunity which they enjoy, great nuisances. The white fox, of which the skin is much prized, is found only in the Kurile Islands.

[11] Of these pearls Kämpfer says, in another place, that they are found almost everywhere about Kiūshiū in oysters and several other sea shells. Everybody is at liberty to fish for them. Formerly the natives had little or no value for them till they were sought for by the Chinese. The Japanese pretend, as to one particular kind, that when put into a box full of a peculiar sort of complexion-powder made of another shell, one or two young pearls will grow out at the sides, and when they come to maturity, as they do in two or three years, will drop off; but Kämpfer, having never seen this phenomenon, is not willing to vouch for its reality.

[12] The same tree Kämpfer found on his return (May 6) in full blossom, and a very beautiful sight. It was noticed as still standing in 1826, by Siebold, who found it by measurement to be fifty feet in circumference.

[13] Caron also speaks of these springs, some of which he describes as intermittent. Some are boiling hot, and their waters had been used, as we have seen, in the torture of the Catholics. They are all found in a volcanic mountain, having several craters which eject black sand and smoke. In the interior of the province of Higo, on the opposite shore of the gulf of Shimabara, is another volcano. The province of Satsuma is entirely volcanic, and off its southern extremity is an island that burns incessantly.—_Klaproth_, from Japanese authorities, “_Asiatic Journal_,” vol. xxx.

[14] On Kämpfer’s second journey to Yedo (1692), the second night was passed at Kurume, which they reached by crossing the bay of Shimabara in boats, thus leaving the principality of Ōmura and the city of Saga on their left. The next day at noon they struck into the road followed on the first journey.

[15] “Some years ago,” says Kämpfer, “our East India Company sent over from Batavia a Casuar (a large East India bird, who would swallow stones and hot coals) as a present to the emperor. This bird having the sad ill luck not to please our rigid censors, the governors of Nagasaki, and we having thereupon been ordered to send him back to Batavia, a rich Japanese assured us that if he could have obtained leave to buy him, he would have willingly given a thousand taels for him, as being sure within a year’s time to get double that money only by showing him at Ōsaka.” The mermaids exhibited in Europe and America to the great profit of enterprising showmen, have been of Japanese manufacture.

[16] A mistake for Yamashiro.—EDR.

[17] Name of a town on Lake Biwa.—EDR.

[18] The _Aratame_ is a sort of an inquisition into the life and family of every inhabitant, the number of his children and domestics, the sect he professes or the temples he belongs to, made very punctually, once every year, in every city and district, by commissioners appointed for this purpose.

[19] The worshippers of Amida were the most numerous, amounting to 159,113. The other principal sects had, respectively, 99,728, 99,016, 54,586. Caron had noticed and mentioned this division into twelve sects, or observances. He states, and other subsequent authors have repeated, that, notwithstanding this division, they have no controversies or religious quarrels; but this does not agree with the accounts of the Catholic missionaries. Every resident of Miyako, except the Shintō priests, and, perhaps, the household of the Dairi, would seem to belong to some Buddhist sect.

[20] According to Klaproth, following Japanese authorities, it is seventy-two and one-half English miles long, and twenty-two and one-quarter at its greatest breadth. [The lake Biwa is meant.]

[21] Kōshi is the Japanese name for Confucius, who, however, can scarcely be meant here.—EDR.

[22] Fuji-no-yama, in the province of Suruga, on the borders of Kai, is an enormous pyramid, generally covered with snow, detached from and southerly of the great central chain of Nippon. It is the largest and most noted of the volcanoes of Japan. In the year 1707 there was an eruption from it which covered all the neighborhood with masses of rock, red-hot sand, and ashes, which latter fell, even in Yedo, some inches deep.—_Klaproth_ (from Japanese authorities), in “Asiatic Journal,” vol. xxxii.

[23] A mistake for Enoshima.—EDR.

[24] At the date of these travels, and indeed at a much later period similar exhibitions might have been seen in Europe.

[25] See papers on Yedo in vols. i and vii of the “Transactions of the Asiatic Society of Japan.”—EDR.

[26] One of these Japanese plans is published as a frontispiece to Titsingh’s “Illustrations of Japan.” This plan would seem to embrace only what Kämpfer speaks of, further on, as “the palace itself.”

[27] The 23d a considerable shock of an earthquake was felt. The weather that day was excessively hot. The next day it was very cold, with snow.

[28] The reigning emperor was Tsuni Yoshi, who had succeeded to the empire in 1681, the fourth in succession from Gongen-Sama, the founder of the dynasty. The Japanese accounts, according to Titsingh, give him but a bad character.

[29] _Sen_ is not a hundred, but a thousand. According to Klaproth (_Annals des Dairi_, p. 184), _ken_ does not signify a mat, as Kämpfer translates it (though mats were made of that length), but a space between columns. It was a measure of length divided into six Japanese feet, but equal to seven feet four inches and a half, Rhineland measure.

[30] In his account of his second visit to Yedo, a year later, Kämpfer gives the following account of this second audience: “Soon after we came in, and had, after the usual observances, seated ourselves in the place assigned us, Bingo-sama welcomed us in the emperor’s name, and then desired us to sit upright, to take off our cloaks, to tell him our names and age, to stand up, to walk, to turn about, to sing songs, to compliment one another, to be angry, to invite one another to dinner, to converse one with another, to discourse in a familiar way like father and son, to show how two friends or man and wife compliment or take leave of one another, to play with children, to carry them about in our arms, and to do many more things of a like nature. They made us kiss one another like man and wife, which the ladies, by their laughter, showed themselves to be particularly well pleased with. It was already four in the afternoon when we left the hall of audience, after having been exercised after this manner for two hours and a half.”

[31] This is what Kämpfer, in another place, describes as a sort of round cakes, which the Japanese had learned to make of the Portuguese, as big as a common hen’s egg, and sometimes filled within with bean flour and sugar.

[32] See the character given of Settsu-no-kami, as a harsh enemy of the Dutch, or at least, a strict disciplinarian over them; vol. i 347, 348.

[33] “Annals des Empereurs du Japan,” p. 405, note, and in the “Asiatic Journal” for September, 1831.

[34] The history of this image, derived from the same source, is given in a note on p. 193. The roof of the temple is supported on ninety-two columns, each upwards of six feet in diameter.

[35] In one thousand parts, eight hundred and fifty-four were pure gold. The pure metal in our American coins is nine hundred parts in one thousand; or, in the old phraseology, they are twenty-one carats and twelve grains fine.

[36] Having been discovered by Sir Stamford Raffles among the public documents at Batavia, he published an abstract of it in the appendix B to his “History of Java.”

[37] Yet Pinto, whose knowledge of Japan preceded the time of Nobunaga, represents silver as very abundant there; and, indeed, it seems to have been this abundance which first attracted the Portuguese trade. On the whole, one does not derive a very high idea, from this tract, of the extent or correctness of the knowledge possessed by the Japanese of their own history, even the more recent periods of it.

[See Dr. Knox’s paper on Arai Hakuseki in vol. xxx of the “Transactions of the Asiatic Society of Japan.”—EDR.]

[38] This was a considerable improvement upon the state of things in the time of Xavier, when every third vessel was expected to be lost. See p. 51.

[39] Kämpfer had seen the ginseng cultivated in gardens in Japan, but it was not supposed to possess the virtues of the Chinese article. Father Jontoux, one of the Jesuit missionaries in China, employed by the emperor in preparing a map of the region north of the great wall, had an opportunity to see the ginseng growing wild. He sent home, in 1711, a full account of it, with drawings (which may be found in “Voyages au Nord,” vol. iv), and suggested, from the similarity of the climate, that the same plant might be found in Canada, as it soon was by the Jesuit missionaries there.

[40] This sauce, used in great quantities in Japan, and exported to Batavia by the Dutch, whence it has become known throughout the East Indies and also in Europe, is made from the soy bean (_Dolichos Soia_), extensively used by the Japanese in the making of soup. The soy is prepared as follows: the beans are boiled till they become rather soft, when an equal quantity of pounded barley or wheat is added. These ingredients being mixed, the compound is set away for twenty-four hours in a warm place to ferment. An equal quantity of salt is then added, and twice and a half as much water. It is stirred several times a day for several days, and then stands well covered for two or three months, when the liquid portion is decanted, strained, and put in wooden casks. It is of a brown color, improves with age, but varies in quality, according to the province where it is made. The Dutch of Deshima cork up the better qualities in glass bottles, boiling the liquor first in an iron kettle, to prevent fermentation, by which it is liable to be spoiled.

[41] The murdering of the children may be explained by the following passage from one of the letters of Cocks, the English factor, written at Hirado, in December, 1614: “James Turner, the fiddling youth, left a wench with child here, but the w—e, the mother, killed it so soon as it was born, although I gave her two taels in plate (silver) before to nourish it, because she should not kill it, it being an ordinary thing here.”

[42] Cocks also had noticed their existence a century and a half earlier.

[43] This was doubtless the lexicon printed at Amakusa in 1595. See note, p. 158.

[44] A precedent of a similar permission, formerly granted to the medical men of the factory, was found, but, upon a critical examination of Thunberg’s commission, he appeared to be a surgeon, whereas he to whom permission had formerly been granted had been surgeon’s mate, and it took three months to get over this difficulty, and to persuade the Japanese that these two officers were in substance the same.

[45] This species, the _Dioscorea Japonica_ (confounded sometimes with the sweet potato), has been lately introduced into the United States.