Chapter XXXV: Appendix: K

ACTTNOMETER OBSERVATIONS.

The few actinometer observations which I was enabled to record, were made with two of these instruments constructed by Barrow, and had the bulbs of their thermometers plunged into the fluid of the chamber. They were taken with the greatest care, in conformity with all the rules laid down in the "Admiralty Guide," and may, I think, be depended upon. In the Sikkim Himalaya, a cloudless day, and one admitting of more than a few hours' consecutive observations, never occurs--a day fit for any observation at all is very, rare indeed. I may mention here that a small stock of ammonia-sulphate of copper in crystals should be supplied with this instrument, also a wire and brush for cleaning, and a bottle with liquid ammonia: all of which might be packed in the box.

Active 6.568. Time always mean.

_Jillapahar, Dorjiling, Elev. 7430 feet, Lat. 27 degrees 3 minutes N., Long. 88 degrees 13 minutes E._

A.-- APRIL 19th, 1850. _Watch slow 1 minute 15 seconds mean time._

Tem. Act.
Hour Act. Act. Reduced Barom. Air
------------------------------------------------------------------
a.m. 8.0 to 8.13 11.1 65.5 0.9900 22.960 53.5
8.15 to 8.28 15.0 69.5 12.2645
9.0 to 9.13 17.7 71.5 14.5140 22.948 56.0
10.0 to 10.13 19.1 72.5 15.4710 22.947 57.0
11.0 to 11.13 19.0 75.0 14.9150 22.946 58.5
p.m. 0.0 to 0.13 18.8 75.0 12.7600 22.944 60.3
1.0 to 1.13 17.2 73.3 13.8976 22.939 59.4
2.0 to 2.13 17.4 74.0 13.8330 22.914 60.3
------------------------------------------------------------------
Black
Hour D.P. Diff. Sat. Bulb
------------------------------------------------------------------
a.m. 8.0 to 8.13 33.8 19.7 .505 88.0 Day unexceptional,
8.15 to 8.28 111.5 wind S.W., after
9.0 to 9.13 37.2 18.8 .153 110.0 10 a.m. squally.
10.0 to 10.13 39.7 17.3 .550 121.0
11.0 to 11.13 38.2 20.3 .500 125.0
p.m. 0.0 to 0.13 44.8 15.5 .592 120.0
1.0 to 1.13 40.7 18.7 .546 122.0 Dense haze over
2.0 to 2.13 44.1 16.2 .577 108.0 snowy Mts.
------------------------------------------------------------------

B.--APRIL 20th Tem. Act. Hour Act. Act. Reduced Barom. Air ------------------------------------------------------------------ a.m. 8.0 to 8.13 11.8 64.0 10.9150 22.969 43.4 9.0 to 9.13 17.8 73.3 14.2750 22.974 36.2 10.0 to 10.13 18.8 65.0 14.7580 22.985 57.0 ------------------------------------------------------------------ Black Hour D.P. Diff. Sat. Bulb ------------------------------------------------------------------ a.m. 8.0 to 8.13 43.4 10.8 .691 74.0 Dense haze, 9.0 to 9.13 44.1 12.1 .662 92.0 S.E. wind, 10.0 to 10.13 42.5 14.5 .609 92.0 cloudless sky. ------------------------------------------------------------------

_Superintendent's House, Dorjiling. Elev. 6932 feet._ C.--APRIL 21st. _Watch slow 1 minute mean time._ Tem. Act. Hour Act. Act. Reduced Barom. Air ------------------------------------------------------------------ a.m. 8.35 to 8.48 17.3 65.0 15.7084 56.4 9.07 to 9.20 20.9 72.7 16.8872 23.447 63.8 10.0 to 10.13 23.9 77.3 18.3791 60.8 11.0 to 11.13 24.4 81.0 17.8864 ------------------------------------------------------------------ Black Hour D.P. Diff. Sat. Bulb ------------------------------------------------------------------ a.m. 8.35 to 8.48 47.6 8.8 .741 97.0 Day very fine, 9.07 to 9.20 49.9 13.9 .628 100.0 snowy Mts. in 10.0 to 10.13 49.2 11.6 .677 109.0 dull red haze, 11.0 to 11.13 107.5 wind S.E. faint. ------------------------------------------------------------------

_Rampore Bauleah (Ganges). Elev. 130 feet. Lat. 22 degrees 24 minutes N., Long. 88 degrees 40 minutes E._

MAY 17th, 1850.
_Watch slow 15 seconds mean time._
Tem. Act.
Hour Act. Act. Reduced Barom. Air
------------------------------------------------------------------
a.m. 7.51 to 8.13 13.0 88.0 8.8790 29.698 87.5
9.03 to 9.16 19.5 96.0 12.5190 92.0
9.20 to 9.33 21.2 107.0 12.7836 29.615 92.3
11.15 to 11.28 21.1 105.0 12.8499 98.5
11.32 to 11.45 16.5 108.7 9.8770 29.620 98.3
p.m. 1.20 to 1.33 21.6 108.5 12.9348 104.5
1.40 to 1.53 21.4 113.7 12.4976 105.8
------------------------------------------------------------------
Black
Hour D.P. Diff. Sat. Bulb
------------------------------------------------------------------
a.m. 7.51 to 8.13 80.1 7.4 .793 91.0 S.E. wind, very
9.03 to 9.16 81.2 10.8 .715 83.8 hazy to west, sky
9.20 to 9.33 80.2 12.1 .687 132.0 pale blue.
11.15 to 11.28 74.8 23.7 .478 98.5 Wind west, rising.
11.32 to 11.45 74.3 24.0 .475 142.0
p.m. 1.20 to 1.33 76.7 27.8 .425 144.0
1.40 to 1.53 72.2 33.6 .355 134.0
------------------------------------------------------------------

_Churra, Khasia Mountains. Elev. 4225 feet, Lat. 25 degrees 15 minutes N., Long. 91 degrees 47 minutes E._ A--NOVEMBER 4th, 1850. _Watch slow 7 minutes mean time._ Tem. Act. Hour Act. Act. Reduced Barom. Air ------------------------------------------------------------------ a.m. 6.20 to 6.30 5.0 63.7 4.6400 25.781 57.8 6.32 to 6.42 7.4 65.4 6.6896 59.0 7.55 to 8.05 20.0 77.5 15.2400 63.5 8.08 to 8.18 21.0 82.0 15.2040 64.4 8.20 to 8.30 24.2 85.8 10.8432 64.8 ------------------------------------------------------------------ Black Hour D.P. Diff. Sat. Bulb ------------------------------------------------------------------ a.m. 6.20 to 6.30 53.1 4.7 .850 75.0 Sky faint blue, 6.32 to 6.42 54.8 4.2 .870 83.0 cloudless, 7.55 to 8.05 56.9 6.6 .806 108.0 wind S.W., 8.08 to 8.18 57.3 7.1 .790 106.5 clouding. 8.20 to 8.30 59.5 5.3 .837 113.5 ------------------------------------------------------------------

B.--NOVEMBER 5th.
_Watch slow 7 minutes mean time._
Tem. Act.
Hour Act. Act. Reduced Air
-----------------------------------------------------
a.m. 6.39 to 6.49 11.2 70.2 9.3408 59.4
6.51 to 7.01 13.4 72.8 10.8138 60.5
7.56 to 8.06 18.4 73.2 15.0161 61.7
8.08 to 8.21 20.4 77.7 15.4836 63.3
9.26 to 9.36 23.8 79.5 17.8072
9.37 to 9.47 25.1 84.0 17.7959
10.57 to 11.07 29.0 89.5 19.5460 66.7
-----------------------------------------------------

Black
Hour D.P. Diff. Sat. Bulb
------------------------------------------------------------------
a.m. 6.39 to 6.49 57.6 1.8 .940 Wind S.W.,
6.51 to 7.01 57.8 2.7 .918 clouds rise and
7.56 to 8.06 57.7 4.0 .875 disperse.
8.08 to 8.21 58.7 4.6 .860 Sky pale.
9.26 to 9.36
9.37 to 9.47
10.57 to 11.07 60.8 5.9 8.28 126.0
------------------------------------------------------------------

C.--NOVEMBER 6th.
_Watch slow 7 minutes mean time._
Tem. Act.
Hour Act. Act. Reduced Barom. Air
------------------------------------------------------------------
a.m. 6.05 to 6.18 2.6 62.0 2.4986 25.781 56.5
6.22 to 6.35 6.5 63.5 6.0710 57.0
6.38 to 6.51 9.6 66.7 8.5152 61.0
8.27 to 8.37 21.7 78.8 16.2750 64.2
8.39 to 8.52 23.0 81.7 19.4750 64.5
------------------------------------------------------------------
Black
Hour D.P. Diff. Sat. Bulb
------------------------------------------------------------------
a.m. 6.05 to 6.18 54.5 2.0 .935 Sunrise, 6, pale
6.22 to 6.35 55.1 1.9 .935 yellow red,
6.38 to 6.51 57.4 3.6 .888 cloudless.
8.27 to 8.37 59.3 4.9 .855 100.0 Cirrhus below.
8.39 to 8.52 59.4 5.1 .847 105.0
------------------------------------------------------------------

D.--NOVEMBER 14th.
Tem. Act.
Hour Act. Act. Reduced Barom. Air
------------------------------------------------------------------
a.m. 6.12 to 6.22 2.9 60.6 3.5988 25.783 51.5
6.24 to 6.37 6.1 66.0 5.4472 52.7
7.13 to 7.23 12.4 70.8 10.2672 56.5
7.24 to 7.34 14.7 76.0 11.4025 57.8
8.34 to 8.44 19.9 82.8 14.2653 59.8
8.47 to 9.00 21.7 88.8 14.7343 60.5
9.53 to 10.03 23.5 86.6 16.2620 25.832 67.2
10.04 to 10.17 25.3 89.5 17.0775 67.0
11.24 to 11.31 33.3 111.5 20.7014 25.819 64.6
------------------------------------------------------------------

Black
Hour D.P. Diff. Sat. Bulb
------------------------------------------------------------------
a.m. 6.12 to 6.22 49.4 2.1 .930
6.24 to 6.37 50.3 2.4 .925
7.13 to 7.23 52.3 4.2 .900 98.0 Thick cumulus low
7.24 to 7.34 53.1 4.7 .855 104.0 on plains.
8.34 to 8.44 50.8 9.0 .742 117.0 Sunrise yellow
8.47 to 9.00 51.6 8.9 .730 121.0 red.
9.53 to 10.03 61.6 5.6 .832 127.0 Cloudless.
10.04 to 10.17 58.8 8.2 .778 133.0
11.24 to 11.31 59.0 5.6 .832 130.0 Clouds rise.
------------------------------------------------------------------

E.--NOVEMBER 15th.
Tem. Act.
Hour Act. Act. Reduced Barom. Air
------------------------------------------------------------------
a.m. 9.53 to 10.06 25.8 78.0 17.5306 25.854 63.0
10.50 to 11.03 26.1 80.5 19.1835 64.0
11.31 to 11.44 28.5 84.0 20.2065 65.3
p.m. 0.33 to 0.46 30.9 91.5 20.4267 25.844 65.8
1.07 to 1.21 29.1 90.5 20.4388 67.0
2.47 to 3.00 21.1 75.0 16.5653 25.808 67.2
3.48 to 4.00 16.7 73.0 13.4435 62.0
4.03 to 4.16 16.2 75.0 12.7170 25.803 61.5
------------------------------------------------------------------

Hour D.P. Diff. Sat.
-------------------------------------------------------------
a.m. 9.53 to 10.06 55.3 8.7 .772 Sky cloudless.
10.50 to 11.03 52.8 11.2 .690 Wind N.E.
11.31 to 11.44 51.9 13.4 .638
p.m. 0.33 to 0.46 51.2 14.6 .620
1.07 to 1.21 49.6 17.4 .560
2.47 to 3.00 56.6 10.6 .708
3.48 to 4.00 50.8 11.2 .690
4.03 to 4.16 50.5 11.0 .692
-------------------------------------------------------------

_Silchar (Cachar), Elev. 116 feet, Lat. 24 degrees 30 minutes N., Long. 93 degrees E. (approximate)._

NOVEMBER 26th, 1850 _Watch slow 13 minutes 39 seconds mean time._

Tem. Act.
Hour Act. Act. Reduced Barom. Air
------------------------------------------------------------------
a.m. 9.11 to 9.24 19.4 69.0 16.4706 66.3
9.34 to 9.41 22.7 81.0 16.5937
9.50 to 9.57 25.3 87.5 17.3558 29.999 68.7
10.07 to 10.14 26.5 91.5 17.5695 70.3
11.03 to 11.16 26.3 89.0 17.5251 73.2
p.m. 0.00 to 0.13 26.4 90.0 17.8144 29.967 74.5
0.58 to 1.11 27.6 94.0 17.9676 76.8
2.51 to 3.04 23.0 93.0 15.0880 29.892 78.5
3.55 to 4.08 17.6 91.5 11.6688 79.5
4.09 to 4.22 15.5 93.5 11.0215 29.881 79.4
4.23 to 4.36 12.0 93.7 7.8360 78.5
------------------------------------------------------------------

Hour D.P. Diff. Sat.
-------------------------------------------------------------
a.m. 9.11 to 9.24 63.5 2.8 .860 Dense fog till
9.34 to 9.41 7.30 p.m.
9.50 to 9.57 61.5 7.2 .788 Wind north. Clear.
10.07 to 10.14 62.7 7.6 .780
11.03 to 11.16 60.3 12.9 .657 Wind. N.E. Light
p.m. 0.00 to 0.13 61.7 12.8 .658 cirrhus low.
0.58 to 1.11 60.3 16.5 .586
2.51 to 3.04 62.1 16.4 .588 Streaks of cirrhus
3.55 to 4.08 57.0 22.5 .480 aloft.
4.09 to 4.22 62.1 17.3 .570
4.23 to 4.36 62.1 16.4 .588 Sun sets in hazy
cirrhus.
-------------------------------------------------------------

_Chittagong, Elev. 200 feet, Lat. 22 degrees 20 minutes N., Long. 91 degrees 55 minutes E._

A.--DECEMBER 31st, 1850.
_Watch slow 3 minutes 45 seconds mean time._
Tem. Act.
Hour Act. Act. Reduced Barom. Air
------------------------------------------------------------------
a.m. 7.39 to 7.52 10.0 70.0 8.3700 57.0
8.40 to 8.53 21.3 91.5 14.1219 29.874 59.5
9.04 to 9.08 23.2 89.5 15.6163 63.3
9.52 to 9.56 24.3 87.3 16.7341 29.923 64.5
10.02 to 10.06 25.1 90.5 16.7668 65.7
11.16 to 11.29 24.3 84.5 17.1558 68.5
11.52 to 11.56 26.6 92.6 17.5028 29.892 69.5
p.m. 1.38 to 1.41 24.7 84.0 17.5123 71.7
1.47 to 1.51 25.4 90.7 16.8418
3.10 to 3.17 21.1 86.0 14.6645 29.831 71.0
3.18 to 3.25 19.3 89.3 13.0468
------------------------------------------------------------------

Black
Hour D.P. Diff. Sat. Bulb
------------------------------------------------------------------
a.m. 7.39 to 7.52 55.7 1.3 .960 Cloudless.
8.40 to 8.53 57.2 2.3 .920 127.0 Mountains clear.
9.04 to 9.08 59.7 3.6 .890 Wind E.N.E. Cool.
9.52 to 9.56 61.3 3.2 .900 142.0
10.02 to 10.06 60.4 5.3 .840 148.0 Wind N.W.
11.16 to 11.29 58.6 9.9 .722 150.0
11.52 to 11.56 59.2 10.3 .710 Wind S.W.
p.m. 1.38 to 1.41 61.8 9.9 .720
1.47 to 1.51
3.10 to 3.17 60.5 10.5 .710 Clouds about in
3.18 to 3.25 patches.
------------------------------------------------------------------

B.-- JANUARY 1, 1851.
_Watch slow 3 minutes 45 seconds mean time._
Tem. Act.
Hour Act. Act. Reduced Barom. Air
------------------------------------------------------------------
a.m. 7.34 to 7.41 10.0 69.4 8.4200 29.948 55.4
8.38 to 8.45 16.0 70.0 13.3920 58.9
9.44 to 9.51 19.5 74.7 15.3660 29.891 63.2
10.46 to 10.53 21.0 78.2 15.8550 66.7
11.50 to 11.57 21.5 81.2 15.6950 69.8
p.m. 0.06 to 0.13 24.1 88.0 16.4603 29.850 70.3
0.58 to 1.02 23.9 87.2 16.4432 71.0
1.45 to 1.52 21.4 84.5 15.0870 71.3
3.15 to 3.22 18.1 82.5 13.0320 29.798 71.3
4.27 to 4.34 10.2 82.0 7.3746 70.0
4.36 to 4.43 9.8 84.0 6.9482
4.45 to 4.52 8.5 85.0 5.9670
4.56 to 5.09 5.6 85.0 3.9312 67.5
5.12 to 5.18 3.8 84.0 2.6942 29.778 68.7
------------------------------------------------------------------

Black
Hour D.P. Diff. Sat. Bulb
------------------------------------------------------------------
a.m. 7.34 to 7.41 54.0 1.4 .953 Mist rises and
8.38 to 8.45 57.7 1.2 .970 104.5 drifts westward
9.44 to 9.51 61.7 1.5 .960 115.0 till 7.30 a.m.
10.46 to 10.53 62.4 4.3 .870 129.0
11.50 to 11.57 58.3 11.5 .688 117.0 Wind N.W., clouds
p.m. 0.06 to 0.13 56.0 14.3 .625 122.5 rise.
0.58 to 1.02 56.7 14.3 .625
1.45 to 1.52 57.5 13.8 .633 117.0
3.15 to 3.22 57.1 14.2 .625
4.27 to 4.34 59.5 10.5 .708
4.36 to 4.43
4.45 to 4.52
4.56 to 5.09 62.7 4.8 .855 Sunset cloudless.
5.12 to 5.18 62.2 6.5 .810
------------------------------------------------------------------

C.--JANUARY 2, 1851. _Watch slow 3 minutes mean time._ Tem. Act. Hour Act. Act. Reduced Barom. Air ------------------------------------------------------------------ a.m. 10.02 to 10.09 19.2 71.0 15.8592 64.5 10.20 to 10.24 22.6 79.0 16.9048 29.861 65.6 p.m. 0.03 to 0.10 24.7 89.2 16.6972 29.858 69.0 0.22 to 0.25 25.9 95.5 18.6796 70.7 2.04 to 2.08 23.3 91.5 15.4479 71.2 2.10 to 2.14 23.8 93.0 15.6128 ------------------------------------------------------------------

Black
Hour D.P. Diff. Sat. Bulb
------------------------------------------------------------------
a.m. 10.02 to 10.09 60.6 3.9 .878 116.0 Low, dense fog at
10.20 to 10.24 61.4 4.2 .872 sunrise, clear at
p.m. 0.03 to 0.10 59.3 9.7 .728 119.0 9 a.m.
0.22 to 0.25 57.5 3.2 .650 Hills hazy and
2.04 to 2.08 61.0 10.2 .718 112.0 horizon grey.
2.10 to 2.14
------------------------------------------------------------------