Chapter XXXVI: Appendix: L

TABLE OF ELEVATIONS.

In the following tables I have given the elevations of 300 places, chiefly computed from barometric data. For the computations such observations alone were selected as were comparable with contemporaneous ones taken at the Calcutta Observatory, or as could, by interpolation, be reduced to these, with considerable accuracy: the Calcutta temperatures have been assumed as those of the level of the sea, and eighteen feet have been added for the height of the Calcutta Observatory above the sea. I have introduced two standards of comparison where attainable; namely, 1. A few trigonometrical data, chiefly of positions around Dorjiling, measured by Lieutenant-Colonel Waugh, the Surveyor-General, also a few measured by Mr. Muller and myself, in which we can put full confidence: and, 2. A number of elevations in Sikkim and East Nepal, computed by simultaneous barometer observations, taken by Mr. Muller at Dorjiling. As the Dorjiling barometer was in bad repair, I do not place so much confidence in these comparisons as in those with Calcutta. The coincidence, however, between the mean of all the elevations computed by each method is very remarkable; the difference amounting to only thirty feet in ninety-three elevations; the excess being in favour of those worked by Dorjiling. As the Dorjiling observations were generally taken at night, or early in the morning, when the temperature is below the mean of the day, this excess in the resulting elevations would appear to prove, that the temperature correction derived from assuming the Calcutta observations to correspond with eighteen feet above the level of the sea at Sikkim, has not practically given rise to much error.

I have not added the boiling-point observations, which afford a further means of testing the accuracy of the barometric computations; and which will be found in section J of this Appendix.

The elevation of Jillapahar is given as computed by observations taken in different months, and at different hours of the day; from which there will be seen, that owing to the low temperature of sunrise in the one case, and of January and October in the others, the result for these times is always lowest.

Moat of the computations have been made by means of Oltmann's tables, as drawn up by Lieutenant-Colonel Boileau, and printed at the Magnetic Observatory, Simla; very many were worked also by Bessell's tables in Taylor's "Scientific Memoirs," which, however, I found to give rather too high a result on the averages; and I have therefore rejected most of them, except in cases of great elevation and of remarkable humidity or dryness, when the mean saturation point is an element that should not be disregarded in the computation. To these the letter B is prefixed. By far the majority of these elevations are not capable of verification within a few feet; many of them being of villages, which occupy several hundred feet of a hill slope: in such cases the introduction of the refinement of the humidity correction was not worth the while.

SERIES I.--_Elevations on the Grand Trunk-road. February, 1848._

No. of Elevation Obs. Name of Locality Feet --------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 Burdwan 93 2 Gyra 630 3 Fitcoree 860 2 Tofe Choney 912 4 Maddaobund 1230 1 Paras-nath saddle B.4231 2 ,, cast peak 4215 1 ,, flagstaff 4428 1 ,, lower limit of _Clematis_ and _Berberis_ 3162 1 Doomree 996 1 Highest point on grand trunk-road 1446 4 Belcuppee 1219 1 Hill 236th mile-stone 1361 3 Burree 1169 1 Hill 243rd mile-stone 1339 3 Chorparun 1322 3 Dunwah 625 1 Bahra 479 1 284th mile-stone 474 2 Sheergotty 460 4 Muddunpore 402 1 312th mile-stone 365 3 Naurungabad 337 4 Baroon (on Soane) 344 4 Dearse 332 ---------------------------------------------------------------------

SERIES II.--_Elevations in the Soane Valley. March, 1848._

No. of Elevation Obs. Name of Locality Feet --------------------------------------------------------------------- 3 Tilotho 395 6 Akbarpore 403 2 Rotas palace 1489 4 Tura 453 3 Soane-pore 462 6 Kosdera 445 4 Panchadurma 492 1 Bed of Soane above Panchadurma 482 3 Pepura 587 1 Bed of Soane river 400 9 Chahuchee 490 4 Hirrah 531 4 Kotah 541 4 Kunch 561 7 Sulkun 684 ---------------------------------------------------------------------

SERIES III.--_Elevations on the Kymore Hills. March, 1848._

No. of Elevation Obs. Name of Locality Feet --------------------------------------------------------------------- 2 Roump 1090 9 Shahgunj 1102 1 Amoee 818 1 Goorawul 905 9 Mirzapore (on the Ganges) 362 ---------------------------------------------------------------------

SERIES IV.--_Elevations near Dorjiling. 1848 to 1850._

No. of Elevation
Obs. Name of Locality Feet
---------------------------------------------------------------------
Jillapahar (Mr. Hodgson's house)
9 ,, sunrise 7301
110 ,, 9.50 p.m. 7443
104 ,, noon 7457
99 ,, 2.40 p.m. 7477
93 ,, 4 p.m. 7447
37 ,, sunset 7447
------- -------
Sum 452 Mean 7429
======= _Ditto by Monthly observations._ =======
27 January 7400
84 February 7445
37 March 7517
7 April 7582
83 July 7412
74 August 7421
95 September 7454
18 October 7351
------- -------
Sum 434 Mean 7448
======= =======
103 The Dale (Mr. Muller's) B.6957
,, by trigonometry 6952
16 Superintendent's house B.6932
,, by trigonometry 6932
38 Colinton (Mr. Muller's) B.7179
25 Leebong B.5993
,, by trigonometry 6021*
2 Summit of Jillapahar B.7896
2 Smith's hotel 6872
7 Monastery hill below the Dale B. 214.1
The Dale by barometer 6952
-------
7166
Monastery hill by trigonometry 7165.3
=======
1 Ging (measured from Dale) B.5156
12 Guard-house at Great Rungeet B.1864
2 Bed of Great Rungeet at cane-bridge 818
5 Guard-house at Little Rungeet 1672
8 Sinchul top 8655
,, by trigonometry 8607
4 Saddle of road over shoulder of Sinchul 7412
4 Senadah (Pacheem) bungalow 7258
1 Pacheem village 3855
13 Kursiong bungalow B.4813
13 Punkabaree 1815
2 Rungniok village B.4565
2 Tonglo, summit B.10.078
,, ,, by trigonometry 10.079.4
13 ,, Saddle below summit B.10.008
1 ,, Rocks on ascent of B.8148
4 Source of Balasun 7436
,, by Dorjiling 7451
8 Goong ridge 7441
--------------------------------------------------------------------
* To summit of chimney, which may be assumed to be 30 feet above
where the barometer was hung.

SERIES V.--_Elevations in East Nepal, October to December, 1848._

No. By By of Calcutta Dorjiling Obs. Name of Locality Barometer Barometer --------------------------------------------------------------------- Feet Feet 1 Source of Myong river 4,798 7 Myong valley, camp in 4,345 4,345 7 Myong valley 3,801 3,763 5 Purmiokzong 4,507 4,535 2 Shoulder of Nanki 7,216 1 ,, Shepherds' hut on do. 8,999 3 Summit of Nanki 9,994 10,045 8 ,, Camp on Nanki 9,315 9,324 3 Jummanoo 4,320 4,404 5 Sulloobong 5,244 5,311 4 Bheti village 4,683 4 Sakkiazong village 5,804 5,847 3 Camp on ridge of mountain 8,315 8,391 1 Peak on Sakkiazong 9,356 9,289 3 Makarumbi 5,444 5,525 3 Pemmi river 2,149 2,262 3 Tambur river at junction with Pemmi 1,289 1,487 1 Camp on Tambur, Nov. 13 1,418 1,496 3 ,, Nov. 14 1,600 2 Chintam village 3,404 8 Mywa Guola 2,079 2,185 3 Tambur river, Nov. 18 2,515 2,574 3 ,, Nov. 19 3,113 3,289 3 Taptiatok village 4,207 4,359 2 Loontoong village 5,615 5,738 2 Tambur river, Nov. 23 8,066 8,096 10 Wallanchoon village 10,384 10,389 6 Tuquoroma 12,889 12,999 1 Wallanchoon pass B.16,764 16,748 1 Foot of pass-road 13,501 13,518 4 Yangma Guola 9,236 9,322 2 Base of great moraine 12,098 12,199 2 Top of moraine above ditto B. 679 9 Yangma village camp B.13,516 13,488 1 Lake bed in valley 15,186 1 Upper ditto (Pabuk) B.16,038 4 Yangma valley camp, Dec. 2 10,997 11,001 1 Kambachen pass B.15,770 3 Camp below ditto 11,643 11,611 1 Kambachen village 11,378 2 Camp in valley 11,454 11,514 1 Choonjerma pass B.15,259 4 Camp below ditto 13,289 13,287 1 Yalloong river-terrace 10,449 4 Camp side of valley 10,080 10,035 3 Yankatang village 5,530 5,598 1 Saddle on road south of Khabili 5,746 8 Khabang village 5,495 5,515 1 Spur of Sidingbah, crossed Nov. 19 6,057 5,980 3 Yangyading village 4,082 4,145 4 Sablakoo 4,635 4,718 7 Iwa river, Dec. 12 3,747 3,818 2 ,, Dec. 13 6,134 6,184 4 Singalelah, camp on 9,263 9,328 1 Islumbo pass 10,388 --------------------------------------------------------------------

SERIES VI.-- _Elevations in Sikkim, December, 1848, and January, 1849._

No. By By of Calcutta Dorjiling Obs. Name of Locality Barometer Barometer --------------------------------------------------------------------- Feet Feet 4 Kulhait valley, camp in 6,406 6,374 6 Lingcham village 4,892 4,848 5 Bed of Great Rungeet, December 20 1,805 1,874 6 Lingdam village, December 21 5,552 5,556 6 Nampok village 4,354 4,501 7 Bhomsong 1,556 1,533 8 Mainom top Tr.10,702 B.10,613 1 Neon-gong Goompa 5,225 1 Pass from Teesta to Rungeet 6,824 6 Lingdam village 5,349 5,401 1 Great Rungeet below Tassiding 2,030 Tassiding tamples 4,840 5 Sunnook, camp on 3,955 4,018 1 Bed of Ratong 2,481 1 Pemiongchi temple 7,083 10 Camp at Pemiongchi village 6,551 6,616 9 Tchonpong village 4,952 5,003 1 Bed of Rungbi river 3,165 9 Camp on Ratong river 3,100 3,242 1 Doobdi Goompa 6,493 6,451 22 Yoksun 5,600 5,635 7 Dumpook 6,646 6,710 15 Buckim 8,625 8,693 7 Mon Lepcha top 13,090 13,045 21 Jongri B.13,170 13,184 1 Ratong below Mon Lepcha 7,069 7,217 1 ,, below Yoksun 3,729 3,851 1 Catsuperri lake 6,068 6,009 1 ,, temple 6,493 6,476 4 Tengling village 5,295 5,219 5 Rungbee river bed 3,230 3,350 5 Changachelling temple 6,805 6,850 5 Kulhait river 3,075 3,243 1 Saddle of Hee hill 7,289 6 Camp on Hee hill 6,609 6,744 --------------------------------------------------------------------

SERIES VII.--_Elevations in the Sikkim Terai and Plains of India, Gangetic Delta and Jheels._

No. of Elevation Obs. Name of Locality Feet ------------------------------------------------------------------- 3 Siligoree Bungalow 302 12 Titalya 326 3 Sahibgunj (west of Titalya) 231 4 Bhatgong 225 4 Thakya-gunj 284 4 Bhojepore 404 5 Rummai 293 5 Rangamally 262 5 Belakoba 368 1 Mela-meli 337 6 Kishengunj 131 43 Mahanuddy river between Kishengunj and Maldah 153 24 ,, ,, Maldah and Rampore Bauleah 98 12 Rampore (Mr. Bell's) 130 13 Dacca (Mr. Atherton's) 72 54 Jheels, Dacca and Pundua *-.003 33 Megna river (June 1st-6th) +.008 13 Soormah (June 9th) +.048 4 Pundua (June 10th and 11th) +.018 3 ,, (Sept. 7th) -.016 5 ,, (Nov. 16th and 17th) -0.66 ------------------------------------------------------------------- * The observations marked thus * are the differences in inches between the readings of my barometer at the station, and that at the Calcutta observatory, which is 18 feet above the sea-level.

SERIES VII-- _Elevations in Sikkim, May to December, 1849._

No. By By of Calcutta Dorjiling Obs. Name of Locality Barometer Barometer --------------------------------------------------------------------- Feet Feet 2 Mik, on Tendong 3,912 4 Namtchi, camp on spur 5,608 1 Tendong summit B.8,671 2 Temi, Teesta valley 4,771 Tr.8,663 4 Nampok, Teesta valley B.5,138 8 Lingmo, Teesta Valley B.2,861 5,033 4 Lingtam spur, Teesta valley B.4,743 2,838 4 Gorh, ,, B.4,061 4,867 2 Bling-bong, ,, B.2,657 4,195 8 Linga village, ,, B.2,724 2,711 10 Singtam, May 14 to 16 B.4,435 2,839 16 Singtam (higher on hill) Oct. 30 to Nov. 2 B.4,575 5 Niong 3,954 2 Namgah 4,229 7 Chakoong 4,371 4,443 27 Choongtam, May 5,245 5,284 37 Choongtam, August 5,247 5,297 4 Dholep, Lachen 6,120 6,145 4 Dengha, Lachen 6,337 6,399 3 Latong, Lachen 6,471 6,310 8 Kampo Samdong 7,315 7,344 1 Chateng 8,819 8,695 1 Chateng, lower on spur 8,493 8,343 33 Lamteng village 8,900 8,867 53 Zemu Samdong 9,026 8,926 1 Snow bed across Zemu river 9,828 4 Camp on banks of Zemu 10,223 10,271 74 Junction on Thlonok and Zemu 10,864 10,828 47 Camp on banks of Zemu river 12,064 12,074 1 Zemu river, June 13 12,422 1 Zemu river, higher up, June 13 13,281 2 Yeunga (Lachen valley) 10,196 43 Tallum Samdong 11,540 11,424 20 Tungu, July 12,779 12,723 30 Tungu, October 12,799 12,747 1 Palung plains 15,697 3 Sitong 15,372 2 Kongra Lama pass 15,745 15,642 5 Yeumtso (in Tibet) 16,808 2 Bhomtso (in Tibet) 18,590 6 Cholamoo lakes (in Tibet) 16,900 2 Donkia pass, October 18,589 2 Donkia pass, September 18,387 56 Momay Samdong 15,362 15,069 Measured from Momay 1 Donkia, September 13 16,876 17,079 1 Kinchinjhow, September 14 17,495 17,656 1 Sebolah pass 17,604 17,567 1 South shoulder of Donkia, September 20 18,257 18,357 1 Mountain north of Momay, September 17 B.17,394 1 West shoulder of Donkia mountain, Sept. 26 B.18,510

_The following were measured trigonometrically._
Forked Donkia mountain Tr.20,870
Kinchinjhow mountain Tr.22,750
Tomo-chamo, east top of Kinchinjhow Tr.21,000
Thlonok mount, Peak on Tr.20,000
Chango-khang mountain Tr.20,600
Tukcham mountain, from Dorjiling Tr.19,472
Chomiomo mountain Tr.22,700
Summit of Donkia (from Donkia pass and Bhomtso) Tr.22,650
Tunkra Mountain, from Dorjiling Tr.18,250
By
Dorjiling
Barometer
48 Yeumtong 11,933 11,839
7 Yeumtong, October 11,951
By
Yeumtong
Barometer
2 Snow bed above Yeumtong B.15,971 16,000
3 Punying B.11,299
By
Dorjiling
Barometer
51 Lachoong village, August B. 8,712 8,474
12 Lachoong village, October B. 8,705
8 Lacheepia B.15,293 15,231
2 Tunkra pass B.16,083
3 Rock on ascent to ditto B.13,078 13,144
4 Keadom B. 6,609
3 Tukcham village B. 3,849
5 Rinkpo village B. 6,008
7 Laghep B.10,423
1 Phieungoong B.12,422
3 Barfonchen B.11,233
1 Chola pass B.14,925
3 Chumanako B.12,590
17 Phadong B. 5,946
3 Tumloong, Nov. 3rd and 4th B. 5,368
105 Higher on hill, Nov. 16th to Dec. 9th B. 5,976
1 Yankoong B. 3,867
2 Tikbotang B. 3,763
3 Camp, Dec. 11th B. 2,952
12 Serriomsa B. 2,820
11 Dikkeeling B. 4,952
2 Singdong B. 2,116
3 Katong ghat, Teesta B. 735
5 Namten B. 4,483
6 Cheadam B. 4,653
-------------------------------------------------------------------

SERIES IX.--_Khasia Mountains, June to November, 1850._

No. of Elevation Obs. Name of Locality Feet ------------------------------------------------------------------- 36 Churra (Mr. Inglis's) 4,069 167 Churra bungalow opposite church, August 4,193 102 Churra bungalow opposite church, Oct., Nov. 4,258 25 Kala-panee bungalow 5,302 63 Moflong 6,062 1 Chillong hill 6,662 9 Syong bungalow 5,725 1 Hill south of ditto 6,050 32 Myrung bungalow, July 5,647 6 Myrung bungalow, Sept. 5,709 9 Chela 80 63 Nunklow 4,688 6 Noukreem 5,601 10 Mooshye 4,863 35 Pomrang 5,143 12 Amwee 4,105 9 Joowye 4,387 3 Nurtiung 4,178 -------------------------------------------------------------------

SERIES X.--_Soormah, Silhet, Megna, Chittagong, etc._

No. of Elevation Obs. Name of Locality Feet ------------------------------------------------------------------- 27 Silhet (Mr. Stainforth's) 133 38 Soormah river, between Silhet and Megna 46 36 Silchar 116 24 Megna river +.020* 12 Noacolly (Dr. Baker's) -.039 10 Noacolly on voyage to Chittagong .000** 72 Chittagong (Mr. Sconce's) 191 8 Chittagong flagstaff-hill at south head of harbour 151 2 Seetakoond hill 1,136 16 Seetakoond bungalow -.069* 3 Hat-Hazaree -.039 12 Hattiah -.049 4 Sidhee -.039 17 Chittagong to Megna -.014** 10 Eastern Sunderbunds +.002 ------------------------------------------------------------------- * Difference between barometer at station and Calcutta barometer. ** The observations were taken only when the boat was high and dry, and above the mean level of the waters.

INDEX.

A

_Abies, Brunoniana,_ i. 206, 209, 272, 274, 342; ii. 25, 32, 44, 108; _Smithiana,_ ii. 25, 32, 45; _Webbiana,_ i. 191, 272, 307, 342; ii. 44, 108. _Abrus precatorius_ (note), i. 16. _Acacia Arabica,_ i. 60, 80; _Catechu,_ i. 31, 52, 393, 395; _Serissa,_ i. 193. _Acarus,_ ii. 173. _Aconitum,_ Himalayan, ii. 108; _palmatum,_ i. 168; _Napellus,_ i. 168; _variegatum_ (note), ii. 107. Acorns, abundance of, i. 373. _Acorus Calamusa,_ i. 286. Actinolites, ii. 146. _Adamia cyanea,_ i. 112. _Adenanthera pavonina,_ ii. 328. _AEgle Marmelos,_ i. 25, 50, (note) i. 16. Agates, i. 33, 91. _Ailurua ochraceus,_ ii. 108. Akshobya, image of, i. 322. Alligator, i. 51, 54; droppings of in river banks, ii. 251. Alluvium, Gangetic, i. 88, 379. _Alsophila gigantea,_ i. 110, 142; (note), ii. 13. _spinulosa_ (note), ii. 13. Amber used in Sikkim, ii. 194. _Ameletia Indica,_ i. 386. American plants in Himalaya, ii. 39. _Amherstia,_ ii. 245. Amlah, Sikkim, ii. 192; examination by, ii. 211. Amulet, Tibetan, i. 166. Amwee, ii. 315. _Andromeda,_ ii. 22, 39; _fastigiata,_ i. 343. _Andropogon acicularis,_ i. 385; _muricatus,_ i. 42. Animals at Tungu, ii. 92. Antelope, ii. 132. _Antilope Hodgsoni,_ ii. 157. Ants' hills, white, i. 20. _Aponogeton,_ i. 62. Apoplexy, symptoms of at great elevations, ii. 178. Apple, crab, ii. 32; wild, i. 205; ii. 148. _Aquilaria Agallocha,_ ii. 328. _Aralia_ used for fodder, i. 359; pith yielding rice-paper, i. 359. Ararat, Mount, ii. 3. _Areca gracilis,_ ii. 10 (note), i. 143. _Arenaria rupifraga,_ ii. 89. _Argemone Mexicana,_ i. 30. _Arisoema,_ i. 49. _Aristolochia saccata,_ ii. 6. Arrat, name of Lepchas, i. 127. Arrow-root, i. 93. _Artemisia,_ headache produced by, ii. 20; _Indica_ (note), ii. 20. Arums, food prepared from, ii. 49; poisoning by, ii. 75. Arun river, i. 224; ii. 124, 143; sources of, ii. 167. _Asarum,_ ii. 48. Assam valley, view of, ii. 290. Ass, wild, ii. 172. (See _Equus Hemionus_ and Kiang). _Astragalus,_ used for making paper, ii. 162; Tibetan (note), ii. 165. Atmosphere, dry, i. 65; transparency of, ii. 127, 169. Atmospheric vapours, strata of, i. 188, 310. Attar of roses, i. 78. _Aucuba,_ i. 126; ii. 39. Aurora Borealis, i. 37; Appendix, p. 384.

B

Baghoda, i. 26. Baikant-pore, i. 393. Bails, or Thuggee stations, i. 68. Baisarbatti terrace, i. 401. Baker, Dr., ii. 339. Balanites, i. 25. _Balanophora,_ ii. 19, 47; cups made from, i. 132; knots caused by, i. 133. Balasun river, i. 110, 402. Bamboo, dwarf, i. 126; eatable grain of, i. 313; flowering of, i. 155, 158; kinds of in Khasia, ii. 268; kinds and uses of in Sikkim, i. 155, 158; planted, i. 386. _Bambusa stricta,_ i 30. Bananas, wild, i. 20, 143; scarlet-fruited, ii. 319. Ban, or Lepcha knife, i. 130. Banyan tree, i. 18; of Calcutta gardens, ii. 246. Barnes, Mr., i. 95; Mr. Charles, i. 114. Barometer, accident to, ii. 139; observations on Jheela, ii, 258. Baroon on Soane river, i. 35. _Bassia butyracea,_ i. 151; _latifolia,_ i. 16. Bath, hot, at Bhomsong, i. 305; at Momay, ii. 133; at Yeumtong, ii. 117. Beadle, Lieut., i. 26. _Beaumontia,_ i. 401. Bee, alpine, ii. 68; boring, i. 374; leaf-cutting, i. 46. Beejaghur, i. 56. Bees'-nests, i. 201; ii. 16. _Begonia,_ alpine, ii. 108. Behar, hills of, i. 32. Belcuppee, i. 28. Bellows, Himalayan, ii 82; of Khasia, ii. 310; of leaves, i. 53. Benares, i. 71; observatory at, i. 74. _Berberis Asiatica_ (note), i. 24; _concinna,_ ii. 198; _insignis,_ i. 364. Betel-pepper, i. 99; ii. 327. Bhaugulpore, i. 90; gardens at, i. 91. Bhel fruit, i. 50. Bhomsong, i. 297; ii. 8; temperature of soil at, i. 305. Bhomtso, ii. 124, 164, 174; elevation, temperature etc., at, ii. 175. Bhotan, called Dhurma country (note), i. 136; 366 (note). Bhotanese (note), i. 136; ii. 232. Bhotan Himalaya, i. 153; ii. 165, 298. Bhoteeas, i. 205, 215. Bhote (note), i. 136. _Bignonia Indicta,_ i. 16. Bijooas, or Lepcha priests, i. 135. Bikh poison, i. 168; ii. 108. Bind hills, i. 64. Birds at Momay, ii. 131; of Khasia, ii. 305; of Terai, i. 399. Black-rock of Colonel Waugh (note), ii. 18. Blocks, granite, ii. 293, 310; split, i. 201; syenite, ii. 303. Boat on Ganges, i. 70. Boga-panee, ii. 287, 308. Bombax, i. 26. Boodhist banners, i. 144; monuments, i. 147; temple, i. 77; worship, i. 174, 324; worship introduced into Sikkim, i. 127. _Borassus,_ i. 39. Bore, or tidal-wave, ii. 343. Bor-panee, ii. 301, 318. _Borrera,_ ii. 165, 173. Borr (_Pandanus),_ i. 300; ii. 9. _Boswellia thurifera,_ i. 29, 39. _Botrichium Virginicum,_ i. 293. Boulders in river-beds, i. 288; of gneiss on Jongri, i. 353; on Mon Lepcha, i. 342. _Bowringia,_ ii. 313. Bread, Tibetan, i. 297. Breccia, modern formation of, i. 200. Bridge, at Amwee, ii. 315; living, ii. 268; of canes, i. 149; ii. 21. _Buceros,_ i. 187. _Buchanania,_ i. 26. _Bucklandia,_ ii. 185. Buckwheat, cultivated at Jigatzi, ii. 171; wild, ii. 31. _Bufo scabra,_ ii. 96. Bugs, flying, i. 81. Burdwan, i. 6; coal-fields, i. 8. Burkutta river, i. 28. Burrampooter, altered course of, ii. 253, 346; old bed of, ii. 256; Tibetan, _see_ Yaru-tsampu; view of from Khasia, ii. 300, 301. _Butea frondosa,_ i. 9, 52, 381, 392. Butter, churning, ii. 77, 87; ornaments made of, ii. 88. Butterflies, painted lady, ii. 33; at various elevations, ii. 26, 65, 98, 132; tropical, i. 152.

C

Cachar, ii. 326; rain-fall at, ii. 334. _Coesalpinia paniculata,_ i. 25. Cajana, i. 13. _Calami,_ species of in Himalaya, i. 143. _Calamus,_ ii. 10. Calcutta, journey to, ii. 242. _Callitriche verna?_ (note), ii. 96. _Calotropis,_ i. 30, 86; _C. arborea,_ i. 72; temperature of, i. 36. _Caltha palustris_ (note), ii. 77; _scaposa_ (note), ii. 77. Camels, i. 61; at Lhassa, ii. 172. Campbell, Dr., joins me in Terai, i. 376; meet at Bhomsong, i. 297; at Choongtam, ii. 146; seizure of, ii. 202; sent as Superintendent of Dorjiling, i. 117; treatment of as prisoner, ii. 205. Cane bridge at Choongtam, ii. 21; at Lachoong, ii 101; over Great Rungeet, i. 149. Canoes of Teesta, i. 392, 396; of Tambur, i. 194; swamped, ii. 335. _Capparis acuminata,_ i. 38. _Cardamine hirsuta,_ i. 230. _Cardiopteris,_ ii. 334. _Carex Moorcroftii,_ ii. 155. _Carissa carandas,_ i. 14, 31. Carroway, ii. 66. _Carthancus,_ i. 80. _Caryota urens,_ i. 143. Cascades of Khasia, ii. 270; of Mamloo, ii. 278. _Cassia fistula,_ i. 393. _Casuarina_ (note), ii. 346. Catechu, collecting, i. 52. _Cathcartia,_ ii. 198. Catsuperri, i. 362; lake, i. 363; temples, i. 365. Cave, Lieut., garden at Churra, ii. 284. _Cedrela Toona,_ i. 144, 193; ii. 18. _Cedrus Libami_ (note), i. 257. Central India, hills of, i. 32. _Cervus Wallichii,_ antlers of, ii. 214. Chachoo river, ii. 84. Chahuchee, i. 51. Chait, description of, i. 324; (note), i. 158. Chakoong, ii. 18, 188. _Chamaerops Khasiana,_ ii. 279. Chameleon, i. 205. Changachelling, i. 368. Chango-khang, ii. 84, 133, 141. Chattuc, ii. 262, 309, 337. Chaulmoogra (_See_ Took), i. 151. Cheadam, ii. 234. Cheer-pine, i. 182. Chela, ii. 306. Chepanga, ii. 15. Cherry, alpine wild, ii. 145. Cheytoong, Lepcha boy, ii. 184. Chillong hill, ii. 290. Chinese plants in Khasia, ii. 318; in Sikkim, i. 126; ii. 39. Chingtam, i. 196. Chirring (red rose), ii. 63. Chiru. _See_ Tchiru, ii. 157. Chittagong, ii. 345; leave, ii. 353. Chokli-bi (_Smilacina_), ii. 48. Chola, i. 123; summit of pass, ii. 199; view of from Donkia, ii. 127. Cholamoo lake, ii. 124, 157, 176. Chomachoo river, i. 225; ii. 125. Chomiomo, ii. 80, 94, 165. Choombi, ii. 110. Choongtam, ii. 21, 98, 145, 185; insects at, ii. 98; vegetation of, ii. 24. Choonjerma pass, i. 264. Chumulari, i. 125, 185; ii. 110; discussion on, ii. 166; view of from Khasia, ii. 300. Chunar, i. 71. Chung (Limboos), i. 187. Churra-poonji, ii. 272; rain-fall at, ii. 282; table-land of, ii. 277; temperature of, ii. 284. _Cicada,_ i. 107, 127; ii. 305; upper limit of, ii. 96. _Cicer arietinum,_ i. 80. _Cinnamomum,_ i. 162. Cinnamon of Khasia, ii. 309. _Cirrhopetalum_ (note), ii. 10. Clay of Sikkim, i. 155; Appendix, 383. _Clematis nutans_ (note), i. 24. _Clerodendron,_ i. 387. Climbers, bleeding of, ii. 350; of Sikkim, i. 163. Coal, of Burdwan, i. 8; Churra, ii. 278, 285, 303; Terai, i. 403. Cobra, mountain, ii. 20. _Cochlospermum,_ i. 53. Cocks, Sikkim, i. 314. _Coelogyne,_ i. 110; _Wallichii,_ i. 166; ii. 311. Coffee, cultivation of, at Chittagong, ii. 347; at Bhaugulpore, i. 93. _Coix,_ cultivation of, ii. 289. Coles, i. 55, 91. Colgong, i. 94. Colvile, Sir J., i. 5. Comb of Lepchas, ii. 194; of Mechis, i. 408. Conch shells, in Boodhist temples, i. 174, 312; cut at Dacca, ii. 254. Conduits of bamboo, i. 144. _Confervae_ of hot springs, i. 28; Appendix, 375. Conglomerate, ii. 19, 165, 176, 177, 402, 403. _Coniferae,_ Himalayan, i. 256. _Conocarpus latifolius_ (note), i. 16. Cooch-Behar, i. 384. Cooches, i. 384. Cookies, ii. 330. Corbett, Dr., i. 82. Cornelians, i. 33. Cornwallis, Lord, mausoleum of, i. 78. Corpses, disposal of in Sikkim and Tibet, i. 287. Cosi river, i. 96. Cowage plant, i. 12. Cows, Sikkim, i. 314; ii. 150. Crab, fresh-water, ii. 7. Cranes, i. 392; (note) ii. 161. _Crawfurdia,_ ii. 145. Crows, red-legged, ii. 37. _Cruciferae,_ rarity of in Himalaya, i. 113. _Cryptogramma crispa,_ i. 262; ii. 68, 72. Crystals in gneiss, ii. 138. _Cupressus funebris,_ i. 315, 317, 336. Cups, Tibetan, i. 132. Currants, wild, i. 148. Currents, ascending, i. 374. Curruckpore hills, i. 87. Cuttack forests, ii. 340. _Cycas pectinata,_ i. 151, 382; ii. 30; (note), i. 143; trees in Calcutta Garden, ii. 247. Cyclops, figure resembling (note), ii. 195. _Cynodon Dactylon,_ i. 385. Cypress funereal, i. 315, 317, 336. _Cypripedium,_ ii. 68, 322.

D

Dacca, ii. 254. Dacoits, i. 65. _Dalbergia Sissoo,_ i. 101. Dallisary river, ii. 256. Damooda valley, i. 7. Dandelion, ii. 66. _Daphne,_ paper from, ii. 162. _See_ Paper. Date-palm, i. 34, 88; dwarf, ii. 300. Datura seed, poisoning by, i. 65. Davis, Mr. C. E., i. 41. _Decaisnea,_ new edible fruit, ii. 198. Deer, barking, i. 399. _Delphinium glaciale,_ i. 269; ii. 95. Demons, exorcisement of, ii. 114. _Dendrobium densiflorum,_ ii. 19; _Farmeri,_ etc., ii. 323; _nobile,_ ii. 19; _Pierardi,_ i. 103. _Dentaria_ (a pot-herb), ii. 47. Denudation of Himalaya, i. 308; of Khasia, ii. 324. Deodar (note), i. 256. Dewan, Sikkim, i. 117; ii. 97; arrival at Tumloong, ii. 217; conferences with, ii. 221, 225; dinner with, ii. 231; disgrace of, ii. 241; hostility to British, i. 117; house of, i. 304. Dhal, i. 13. Dhamersala, i. 222. Dhob grass, i. 385. Dhurma country, name for Bhotan, (note), i. 366; people (note), i. 136; rajah, i. 136; seal of, i. 372. Digarchi, ii. 125. _See_ Jigatzi. Dijong (name of Sikkim), i. 127. _Dilivaria ilicifolia,_ ii. 347. _Dillenia,_ i. 393, 395. Dinapore, i. 82. Dingcham, ii. 87, 169. Dingpun, at Chola, ii. 200, 201; Tibetan, ii. 160; Tinli, ii. 204. _Diospyros embryopteris,_ i. 392; fruit, ii. 64. _Dipterocarpi,_ ii. 345; _D. turbinatus,_ ii. 348. Diseases attributed in Tibet to elements, ii. 178. Djigatzi, ii. 125. _See_ Jigatzi. Dog, loss of, ii. 100; Tibetan, i. 204; wild, i. 43. Do-mani stone, i. 294. Donkia, i. 123; ii. 126; ascent of, ii. 178; forked, ii. 120; pass, ii. 123, 179; temperature of, ii. 129; tops of, ii. 137. Doobdi temples, i. 336. Dookpa, Boodhist sect (note), i. 366. Doomree, i. 25. Dorje, i. 173. Dorjiling, i. 113; ceded to British, i. 116; climate, i. 119, 120; elevation of, i. 115; leave, ii. 248; origin of, i. 115; prospects of, ii. 248; threat of sacking, ii. 214; trade at, i. 118. _Duabanga grandiflora,_ i. 401. Dunkotah (East Nepal), i. 190. Dunwah pass, i. 30. Dust-storm, i. 51, 81. Dye, yellow, ii. 41.

E

Eagle-wood, ii. 328. Earthquake, Chittagong, ii. 349; Noacolly, ii. 342; Titalya, i. 376. _Edgeworthia Gardneri,_ i. 205, 333; ii. 10, 162. Efflorescence of nitrate of lime, i. 43; of soda, i. 13. Eggs of water-fowl in Tibet, ii. 161. Ek-powa Ghat, i. 59. _Elaeagnus,_ i. 205. _Eleocharis palustris_ (note), ii. 96. Elephants, at Teshoo Loombo, ii. 172; bogged, ii. 333; discomforts of riding, i. 400; geologising with, i. 10; path of, i. 108; purchase of, i. 381; wild, ii. 302. _Eleusine coracana,_ i. 133. _Enkianthus,_ i. 108. _Ephedra,_ ii. 84, 155. _Ephemera_ at 17,000 feet, ii. 141. _Epipactis,_ ii. 66. Equinoctial gales, ii. 144. _Equus Hemionus,_ ii. 172. _Eranoboas_ (note) i. 36, 90. _Erigeron alpinus_ (note), ii. 164. _Ervum lens,_ i. 13. _Erythrina,_ ii. 18. _Euphorbia ligulata,_ i. 46; _pentagona,_ i. 82; _neriifolia,_ i. 46, 82; _tereticaulis,_ i. 46. European plants in Himalaya, ii. 38. _Euryale ferox,_ ii. 255; seeds of, in peat, ii. 341.

F

Fair, 161; at Titalya, i. 118. Falconer, Dr., house of, ii. 243. _Falconeria,_ ii. 353. Falkland Islands, quartz blocks of, (note), ii. 179. Fan-Palm, ii. 279. Fear, distressing symptoms of, ii. 220. Felle, Mr., i. 55. Felspar, concretions of, i. 406. Fenny river, mouth of, ii. 343. Ferns, eatable, i. 293; European, ii. 68, 72. _Feronia elephantum,_ i. 25, 50, (note), i. 16. _Festuca ovina,_ ii. 123, (note) ii. 164. Fever, recurrence of at elevations, ii. 183. _Ficus elastica,_ i. 102; _infectoria,_ i. 26. Figs, i. 157. Fire, grasses destroyed by, i. 385; in forests, i. 146. Fire-wood, Sikkim, ii. 151. Fish, dried, ii. 309; Tibet (note), ii. 183. Fishing basket of Mechis, i. 404. Flame, perpetual, ii. 352. Flood, tradition of, i. 127; ii. 3. Florican, i. 55, 381. Forests of Sikkim, i. 165. Fossil plants of coal, i. 8; of Khasia, ii. 325; of Terai, i. 403. Frogs, Sikkim, i. 165. Fruits of Sikkim, i. 159; ii. 182. _Funaria hygrometrica,_ ii. 19. Fungi, European, ii. 73.

G

Ganges, fall of, i. 71; scenery of, i. 79. Gangetic delta, ii. 340; head of, ii. 252. Gangtok Kajee, ii. 229. Gardeners, native, i. 93. Gardens, Bhaugulpore, i. 91; Burdwan, i. 6; Calcutta Botanic, i. 3, ii. 244; Lieutenants Raban and Cave's, ii. 284; Sir Lawrence Peel's, i. 2. Garnets, amorphous, (note) ii. 123; sand of, i. 80, 371. Garrows, ii. 272. _Gaultheria,_ ii. 22, 182. Gelookpa, Boodhist sect. (note) i. 366. Geology of Choongtam, ii. 27; Khasia mountains, ii. 323; outer Himalaya, i. 406, Paras-nath, i. 32. _Geranium,_ ii. 19. Ghassa mountains, (note) ii. 166. Ghazeepore, i. 78. Giantchi, ii. 168, (note) ii. 131. Glaciers of Chango-khang, ii. 115; Donkia, ii. 136; Himalaya, ii. 57; Kambachen, i. 260; Kinchinjhow, ii. 134, 180; Lachen Valley, ii. 78; Yangma Valley, i. 246. Glory, ornament resembling, ii. 86; round deities' heads, ii. 195. _Gnaphalium luteo-album,_ i. 80. Gnarem Mountain, ii. 18. Gneiss, characters of, (note) ii. 128; cleavage of, ii. 91; flexures of, i. 406. Gnow, (wild sheep), ii. 132. Goa, (antelope), ii. 157. Goats, poisoned by Rhododendrons, ii. 150; shawl-wool, ii. 88. Godowns, opium, i. 83. Goitre, i. 134. Goliath beetles, ii. 98. Goomchen, (tail-less rat), ii. 156. Goong ridge, i. 180. _Gordonia Wallichii,_ i. 102, 157. Gorh, ii. 10; Lama of, ii. 11. Goruck-nath, figure of, ii. 195, (note) i. 323. Gossamer spiders, i. 81, _Goughia,_ ii. 33. Gram, i. 13. Grand trunk-road, i. 10, 11. Granite, blocks of, ii. 310; cleavage planes of (note), i. 345; of Kinechinjhow (note), ii. 287, (note), ii. 128; phenomena of, i. 308. Grant, Dr., i. 90; Mr. J. W., report on Dorjiling, i. 116, Grapes, cultivation of, i. 92; wild in Sikkim, ii. 187. Grasses, absence of on outer Himalaya, i. 113; gigantic, i. 385. Gravel terraces and beds in Terai, i. 378, 380, 382, 401. Great Rungeet river, cross, i. 287; excursion to, i. 142. Greenstone of Khasia, ii. 287. Griffith, Dr., i. 3; (note) ii. 40, 244. _Grislea tomentosa,_ (note) i. 16. Grouse, Himalayan, ii. 113. Grove, sacred in Khasia, ii. 319. _Guatteria longifolia,_ i. 82. Gubroo, i. 345. Guitar, Tibetan, i. 304. Gum arabic, i. 60; of _Cochlospermum,_ i. 53; of _Olibanum,_ i. 29. Gunpowder, manufacture of, i. 9. Guobah of Wallanchoon, i. 217, 230. Gurjun trees, ii. 345, 348. _Gyrophora,_ ii. 130.

H

Hailstorm, i. 405. Halo, i. 69; seen from Donkia, ii. 129. _Hamamelis chinensis,_ ii. 318. Hamilton, Mr. C., i. 65. _Hardwickia binata,_ i. 50, 54. Hares, Terai, i. 399; Tibetan, ii. 157. Harrum-mo, (wild tribe), ii. 14. Hattiah island, removal of land from, ii. 353. Haze on plains, i. 374, 375. Hee hill, i. 371. _Helicteres Asoca_ (note), i. 16. _Helwingia,_ i. 126. Herbert, Major, report on Dorjiling, i. 116. _Hierochloe,_ ii. 115. Himalaya, distant view of, i. 96; vegetation and scenery of outer, i. 108; view of from Khasia, ii. 287, 289, 297. _Hippophae,_ ii. 43. _Hodgsonia,_ i. 395; ii. 7; _heteroclita,_ ii. 350. Hodgson, Mr., i. 122; join in Terai, i. 376; view from house, i, 123. _Holigarna,_ varnish from, ii. 330. Hollyhock, ii. 105. Honey poisoned by Rhododendron flowers, i. 201; preservation of bodies in, ii. 276; seekers, ii. 16. Hooli festival, i. 73, 389. Hopkins, Mr., on elevation of mountains, i. 326. Hornbills, i. 187. Hornets, ii. 26. Horse-chestnut, Indian, i. 394. Horse, wild, ii. 172. Hot-springs, boy passes night in, ii. 184; of Momay, ii. 133, 180; Seetakoond, i. 88; Soorujkoond, i. 27; Yeumtong, ii. 116. House, Lama's, i. 317; Tibetan, at Yangma, i. 242; Wallanchoon, i. 211. _Houttynia,_ ii. 7. _Hydnocarpus,_ ii. 7. _Hydropeltis_ (note), ii. 318.

I

Ice, accumulation of, ii. 47; action of, i. 353 (note), ii. 121; transport of plants in, ii. 247. _Imperata cylindrica,_ i. 385. India-rubber tree, i. 102; ii. 13. Indo-Chinese races, i. 140. _Infusoria_ at 17,000 feet, ii. 123. Inglis, Mr. H., ii. 265. Insects at 4000 feet, ii. 18; Choongtam (5000 feet), ii. 26; Dorjiling (note), ii. 98; Lamteng (8000 feet), ii. 37; Momay (15,300 feet), ii. 132; Tallum (12,000 feet), ii. 68; Tunga (13,000 feet), ii. 93; Zemu river (12,000 feet) ii. 59; Zemu Samdong (9000 feet), ii. 65. Iron forges, chime of hammers, ii. 296; sand, ii. 310; smelting of, in Khasia, ii. 310; stone, i. 401. Irvine, Dr., i. 82. Islumbo pass, i. 280. Ivy, ii. 32.

J

Jaws, i. 18, 90. Japanese plants in Sikkim, i. 126; ii. 39. Jarool (_Lagerstroemia_), ii. 327. Jasper rocks, i. 50. Jatamansi, i. 217. Jeelpigoree, i. 384; rajah of, i. 389. Jerked meat, i. 214; ii. 183. Jews' harp, Tibetan, i. 338; ii. 219. Jhansi-jeung, _see_ Giantchi, ii. 168. Jheels, ii. 256, 309; brown waters of, ii. 263. Jigatzi (note), ii. 125, 171; temperature of, ii. 171. Job's tears, cultivation of, ii. 289. Jongri, i. 349. Joowye, ii. 316. Jos, image of, at Yangma, i. 236. Jummul river, ii. 253. _Juncus bufonius,_ i. 80, 230. Jung Bahadoor, ii. 239, 243. Juniper, black, sketch of, ii. 55. _Juniperus recurva,_ ii. 28, 45. Junnoo mountain, i. 123, 258, 264. Jyntea hills, ii. 314.

K

_Kadsura,_ ii. 6. Kajee, i. 182. Kala-panee, ii. 285. Kambachen, or Nango pass, i. 250; top of, i. 253; village, i. 257. Kambajong, ii. 125. Kanglachem pass, i. 246. Kanglanamo pass, i. 271, 341, 350. Katior-pot (_Hodgsonia_), ii. 7. Katong-ghat, ii. 233. Kaysing Mendong (note), i. 286, 332. Keadom, ii. 101. Kenroop-bi (_Dentaria_), ii. 47. Khabili valley, i. 278. Khamba mountains, ii. 167. Khasia, climate of, ii. 282; geology of, ii. 323; leave, ii. 323; people of, ii. 273. Khawa river, i. 193. Khutrow (_Abies Smithiana_), ii. 25. Kiang, ii. 172. Kiang-lah mountains, ii. 124, 167. Kidnapping, i. 341. Kinchinjhow, ii. 41, 80, 84, 140; glacier of, ii. 134, 180. Kinchinjunga, i. 344; circuit of, i. 381; view of from Bhomtso, ii. 165; from Choongtam, ii. 14, 188; from Donkia pass, ii. 126; from Dorjiling, i. 123; from Sebolah, ii. 142; from Thlonok, ii. 50. Kishengunj, i. 98; ii. 249. Kollong rock, ii. 293. Kongra Lama, ii. 155; pass, ii. 80. Kosturah (musk-deer), i. 269. Kubra, i. 123, 272. Kulhait river, i. 281, 370; valley, i. 282. Kumpa Lepchas i. 137; Rong, i. 137. Kunker, i. 12, 29, 50, 89, 94: Kursiong, i. 109, 110, 405. Kurziuk, i. 284. Kuskus, i. 42. Kymore hills, geology of, i. 32; sandstone of, i. 39.

L

Lac, i. 9. Lacheepia, ii. 112. Lachen-Lachoong river, ii. 14, 186. Lachen Phipun, ii. 22, 43, 149; conduct of, ii. 61; tent of, ii. 78. Lachen river, ii. 30; length of, and inclination of bed, ii. 176. Lachoong Phipun, ii. 105; valley, headstreams of, ii. 120; village, ii. 103; revisited, ii. 183. _Lagerstroemia grandiflora,_ i. 401. _Reginae,_ ii. 327. Laghep, ii. 197. _Lagomys badius,_ ii. 156. _Lagopus Tibetanus,_ i. 93. Lailang-kot, ii. 286. Lake-beds in Yangma valley, i. 232, 234, 238, 244. Lakes caused by moraines, ii. 119. Lamas, arrival of at Tumloong, ii. 224; dance of, i. 228; music of, i. 313; ii. 218; Pemiongchi, ii. 225; of Sikkim, i. 290; of Simonbong, i. 174; worship of, i. 365; ii. 178. Lamteng, ii. 34, 96, 148. Landslips, ii. 16, 20, 97, 115. Larch Himalayan, i. 255; sketch of, ii. 55. _Larix Griffithii,_ i. 255; ii. 44. Lassoo Kajee, ii. 2. Laurels, i. 162. Lautour, Mr., ii. 345. Leaf-insect, ii. 305. Lebanon, Cedar of, i. 256. _Lecidea geographica,_ i. 221, 352; ii. 130; _oreina,_ ii. 179. Leebong, i. 143. Leeches, i. 107, 167; ii. 17; upper limit of, ii. 54. _Leguminosae,_ absence of in Himalaya, i. 112. Lelyp, i. 205. _Lemma minor,_ i. 306. Lemon-bushes, wild, ii. 233. Lepchas, i. 127; diseases of, i. 134; dress and ornaments of, i. 130; ii. 194; food of, i. 132; music of, i. 133; peaceable character of, i. 128, 136. _Lepus hispidus,_ i. 399; _oiostolus,_ ii. 158. _Leucas,_ a weed in fields, i. 383. _Leuculia gratissima,_ i. 193, 276; _Pinceana,_ ii. 286. _Leycesteria,_ i. 206. Lhassa (note), ii. 168; notices of, i. 299; ii. 27, 172. Lichens, Arctic, i. 352; ii. 130, 165, 179. _Licuala peltata_ (note), i. 143. Lignite, i. 403. Liklo mountain, ii. 50. _Lilium giganteum_ (note), ii. 33. Little Rungeet, cross, i. 157, 175; guardhouse at, i. 371; source of, i. 181. Limboos, i. 137; language of, i. 138. Lime, deposit of, i. 407; ii. 97; nitrate of, i. 43. Limestone, at Rotas, i. 40; nummulite, ii. 266, 346; of Churra, ii. 278; spheres of, i. 55; Tibetan, ii. 177. Lime-tuff, impression of leaves on, i. 44. _Limosella aquatica,_ i. 230. _Linaria ramosissima,_ i. 42. Lingcham, i. 281, 313; Kajee of, i. 282, 284, 371. Lingo cane-bridge, ii. 12. _Linum trigynum_ (note), i. 16. Lister, Colonel, ii. 329. Lizard, i 37; ticks on, i. 37. Lohar-ghur, i. 402. Luminous wood, ii. 151. Lushington, Mr., sent to Dorjiling, ii. 227. _Lycopodium clavatum,_ ii. 19. _Lyellia crispa,_ ii. 19. _Lymnaea Hookeri,_ ii. 156.

M

Machoo valley, ii. 109. Maddaobund, i. 18. _Magnolia, Campbellii,_ i. 125, 166; _excelsa,_ i. 125; distribution of (note), i. 166. Magras, aborigines of Sikkim, i. 139. Mahaldaram, i. 111. Mahanuddy river, i. 98, 375; ii. 250. Mahaser, a kind of carp, i. 398. Mahowa, i. 16, 63. Maidan (term as applied to Tibet), ii. 170. Mainom mountain camp on, i. 307; summit of, i. 310. Maitrya, the coming Boodh, i. 357. Maize, hermaphrodite, i. 157; roasted, ii. 78. Malayan plants in Himalaya, ii. 39. Maldah, ii. 250. Mamloo, village and waterfalls of, ii. 278. Mango, blossoming, i. 61. Mani, or praying-cylinder, i. 135, 172, 211; turned by water, i. 206. _Mantis_ of Khasia, ii. 305. _Marlea,_ ii. 33. Marmot, i. 93; head and feet of, ii. 106. Martins' nest, spiders in, i. 46. May-fly at 17,000 feet, ii. 141. M'Lelland, Dr., i. 3. Mealum-ma (nettle), ii. 189, 336. Mechi fisherman, i. 404; river, i. 383; tribe, i.101, 140. _Meconopsis,_ i. 81; ii. 281; _Nepalensis,_ ii. 53. Meepo, i. 198; house of, ii. 194; joined by, ii. 11; wife of, ii. 193. Megna, altered course of, ii. 341; navigation of, ii. 338. _Melastoma,_ ii. 18. Mendicant, Tibetan, ii. 189. Mendong, i. 211, 332; Kaysing (note), i. 286. _Menziesia,_ ii. 113. _Mesua ferrea,_ ii. 328. Midsummer, weather at, ii. 59. Mirzapore, i. 64. Moflong, ii. 288. Momay Samdong, arrival at, ii. 118; climate of, ii. 143; second visit to, ii. 180. Monastic establishments of Sikkim, i. 367. Monghyr, i. 87. Monkeys, i. 278; ii. 37. Mon Lepcha, i. 342. _Monotropa,_ ii. 19. Monuments of Khasia, ii. 319. Moormis, i. 139. Mooshye, ii. 314. Moosmai, ii. 268. Moraines, ancient, at Lachoong, ii. 104; at Tallum, ii. 67; at Yangma, i. 231, 246; extensive, ii. 118; indicating changes of climate, i. 380. Morung of Nepal, i. 378, 382. Mountains, deceptive appearance of, ii. 127. Moss of puff-ball, ii. 13. Mudar (_Calotropis_), i. 86. Muddunpore, i. 35. Mugs at Chittagong, ii. 345. Mulberry, wild, i. 151. Mules, Tibetan (note), ii. 228. Mungeesa Peak, i. 55. Munnipore dance, ii. 331; frontier, ii. 334; (note), ii. 329. _Murraya exotica,_ i. 44. Murwa beer, i. 133, 175, 285, 291; grain, i. 133. Mushroom, eatable, ii. 47. Musk-deer, i. 209; ii. 37. Muslin, Dacca, ii. 254. Mutton, dried saddles of, ii. 183. Myong valley (East Nepal), i. 181. Myrung, ii. 292. Mywa Guola, i. 137; sunk thermometer at, i. 198.

N

Nagas, ii. 332. Nageesa (_Mesua ferrea_), ii. 320. Namten, ii. 223. Nango mountain i. 236; or Kambachen pass, i. 250. Nanki mountain, i. 183. Napleton Major, i. 92. _Nardostachys Jatamansi,_ i. 217; (note), ii. 164. _Nauclea cordifolia,_ i. 26; _parvifolia,_ i. 26. Neongong temple, i. 311. Nepal, East, journey to, i. 178. Nepalese Himalaya, i. 125, Nepenthes, ii. 315. Nettles, i. 157; gigantic, i. 182; ii. 188. Nightingales, i. 332. Nimbus of the ancients (note), ii. 195. Ningma, Boodhist sect (note), i. 366. _Nipa fruticans,_ i. 1; ii. 355. Nishung, or Moormis, i. 139. Noacolly, ii. 339; extension of land at, ii. 341. Nonkreem, ii. 310. Nummulites of Khaaia limestone, ii. 325. Nunklow, ii. 300. Nunnery at Tumloong, ii. 191. Nursing, i. 124, 347. Nurtiung, ii. 318. Nut, Himalayan, ii. 114. Nutmegs, wild, ii. 353. _Nymphaea pygmaea,_ ii. 312.

0

Oaks, i. 109; distribution of in India (note), ii. 336; Sikkim, i. 157; upper limit of, ii. 114. Observatory at Benares, i. 74. Oil of _Bassia butyracea,_ i. 151; of _B. latifolia,_ i. 16; Kuskus, i. 42; mustard, linseed, and rape, i. 13; uggur, ii. 328; wood, ii. 348. _Olax scandens,_ i. 31. _Olibanum,_ Indian, i. 29. Olivine (note), ii. 123. Omerkuntuk, i. 32. Onglau (mushroom), ii. 47. Opium, East Indian, cultivation and manufacture of, i. 83; quality of, i. 85. _Opuntia,_ i. 205. _Orchideae,_ growth of in Khasia, ii. 321; of Khasia, ii. 281. _Orobanche,_ Himalayan, i. 262; _Indica,_ i. 16. Ortolan, i. 98. Otters, i. 198. _Ovis Ammon,_ i. 244; ii. 132; skulls of, i. 249. _Oxalis sensitiva,_ i. 102. _Oxytropis Chiliophylla_ (note), ii. 164.

P

Pacheem, i. 111; vegetation of, 112. Painom river, ii. 167. Palibothra, i. 90. Palms, distribution of in Sikkim, i. 143; fan, i. 29; of Khasia, ii. 267. Palung plains, ii. 84, 152; view of from Sebolah, ii. 142. _Pandanus,_ i. 300; ii. 9. Papaw, ii. 350. Paper, manufactory at Dunkotah, i. 190; of _Astragalus,_ ii. 162; of _Daphne_ and _Edgeworthia,_ i. 205, 303; ii. 162; of Tibet, ii. 162. _Papilio Machaon,_ ii. 65; (note), ii. 68. Paras-nath, i. 12, 32; geology of, i. 32; summit of, i. 21. _Paris,_ ii. 18. _Parochetus communis,_ ii. 50. Patchouli plant, ii. 314. Patna, i. 82. Pawn, i. 99. Peaches, Sikkim, i. 158; cultivation of, ii. 185. Peacock wild, i. 30. Peat at Calcutta, ii. 341. Pea-violet, ii. 309. Peel, Sir L., garden of, i. 2. Peepsa, i. 157. Pelicans, mode of feeding, i. 80. Pemberton, Capt., treatment of his embassy in Bhotan (note), ii. 202. Pemiongchi temple, i. 327. Pemmi river (East Nepal), i. 192. Pepper, Betel, i. 99. Perry Mr., i. 98. Peuka-thlo, ii. 81. Phadong Goompa, ii. 192; confinement at, ii. 209. Phari, ii. 110. Pheasant (Kalidge), i. 255; horned, ii. 37. Phedangbos (Limboo priests), i. 138. Phenzong Goompa, ii. 192. Phieungoong, i. 332; ii. 198. Phipun, Lachen, ii. 22, 149; of Lachoong, ii. 105. _Phoenix acaulis,_ i. 145; (note), i. 143, 400; dwarf, i. 22, 382; _paludosa,_ i. 1; ii. 355; _sylvestris,_ i. 88. Phosphorescent wood, ii. 151. _Photinia,_ ii. 22. Phud (Tibet mendicant), ii. 186. _Phyllanthus emblica,_ i. 273; (note), i. 16. _Picrorhiza,_ i. 272. Pigeons, ii. 37. Pines, gigantic, ii. 108; Himalayan, i. 256; ii. 44, 198; rarity of in Sikkim, i. 169. _Pinguicula,_ ii. 40. _Panus excelsa, ii. 45, 105; _Khasiana,_ ii. 282, 288, 301; _longifolia,_ i. 145, 182, 278, 280; ii. 3, 45. _Piptanthus Nepalensis,_ ii. 5. Pitcher-plant, ii. 315. _Plantago_ leaves, used to dress wounds, ii. 75. Plantain, scarlet-fruited, ii. 309; wild, i. 143. Plants, English, on Soane river, i. 45; English, on Ganges, i. 80; temperature of, i. 36; of English genera in Terai (note), i. 398. _Plectocomia,_ i. 143. Plumbago, i. 407; ii. 46. _Poa annua,_ i. 118, 221; _laxa,_ ii. 123 Poa (fibre of _Boemeria_), i. 157. _Podocarpus neriifolia_ (note), i. 256. _Podostemon_ (note), ii. 314. Poisoners, i. 65. Poisoning of goats by rhododendrons, ii. 150; of Bhoteeas by arum-roots, ii. 75. _Polygonum cymosum,_ ii. 31. _Polypodium proliferum,_ i. 50. Pomrang, ii. 313. Pony, Tibetan, i. 118; ii. 75; (note), ii. 131. Poppy, cultivation of, i. 31; ii. 352. Porcupine, i. 205. _Potamogeton natans,_ i. 306. Potatos, culture of in East Nepal, i. 259; Khasia, ii. 277; Sikkim, i. 158. _Pothos,_ ii. 18. Praong (bamboo), i. 158, 313. _Primula petiolaris,_ i. 306; _Sikkimensis,_ ii. 77. _Prinsepia_ (note), ii. 102, 291. _Procapra picticaudata,_ ii. 157. _Prunella,_ ii. 132; _vulgaris,_ ii. 66. _Prunus,_ used for fodder, i. 359. _Pteris aquilina,_ ii. 19; (note), ii. 53. Pullop-bi (_Polygonum_), ii. 31. Pulse accelerated at great elevations, ii. 131, 142. Pundim mountain, i. 345; cliff of, i. 346. Pundua, ii. 264. Punkabaree, i. 102, 374, 403. Purnea, i. 97. _Pyrola,_ ii. 43.

Q

Quartz-beds folded, i. 406; blocks in Falkland Islands (note), ii. 179. _Quercus semecarpifolia,_ i. 187. Quoits, i. 338.

R

Raban, Lieut., ii 333; garden of at Churra, ii. 84. Radiation, powerful in valleys, i. 209. Rageu (deer), ii. 98. Rain-fall at Churra, ii. 282; at Noacolly, ii. 340; diminution of at Rotas, i. 43; in Sikkim (Appendix), 412; Silchar, ii. 334. Rajah, Sikkim, audience of, i. 302; poverty of, i. 303; (note), ii. 216; presents from, ii. 64; punishment of, ii. 246; residence of, ii. 191, 217. Raj-ghat i. 44. Rajmahal hills, i. 95. Raklang pass, i. 292. Ramchoo lake (of Turner), ii. 143, 167. Rampore Bauleah, ii. 251. Ranee of Sikkim, presents from, ii. 227. Rangamally, i. 393. _Ranunculus aquatilis,_ ii. 156; _hyperboreus_ (note), ii. 112; _sceleratus,_ i. 45, 80. Ratong river, i. 358. Rat, tail-less, ii. 156. Red snow, absence of in Himalaya, ii. 117. Release from confinement, ii. 237. Reptiles of Khasia, ii. 305; of Sikkim, ii. 25. _Rhododendrons,_ i. 166, 167; alpine, i. 220; ii. 58; _anthopogon,_ i. 220, 349; _arboreum,_ i. 126, 200, 274, 275, 276; ii. 125; _argenteum,_ i. 116, 358; ii. 6; _Aucklandii,_ ii. 25; _barbatum,_ i. 166, 274; _campylocarpum,_ i. 261; _Dalhousiae,_ i. 126, 162; ii. 25; distribution of at Chola (note), ii. 197; _Edgeworthii,_ ii. 25; _Falconeri,_ i. 272, 274, 307; flowering of at different elevations, ii. 181; _formosum,_ ii. 301; _Hodgsoni,_ i. 250, 274; leaves curled by cold, ii. 199; _nivale,_ ii. 89, 155; of Churra, ii. 282; poisoning of goats by, ii. 150; _setosum,_ i. 220, 349; superb at Choongtam, ii. 186. Rhubarb, gigantic, ii. 58; used as tobacco, ii. 152. Rice-paper plant (note), i. 359. Rice, Sikkim, i. 155; upper limit of cultivation, ii. 105. Ringpo, ii. 196. Ripple-mark on sandstone, i. 43, 63. Rivers, diurnal rise and fall of, ii. 69; of West Bengal, i. 33; temperature of, ii. 60; velocity of, ii. 99. Rocks, absence of scratched in Sikkim, ii. 120; falling, ii. 57; moutonneed, ii. 136; moved by frosts, etc., ii. 179; retention of heat by, i. 222; strike of in Tibet, ii. 177. Rong (name of Lepchas), i. 127. _Rosa involucrata,_ ii. 250; _macrophylla,_ ii. 43; _sericea,_ i. 168. Rose Gangetic, (_Rosa involucrata_), ii. 255; gardens, i. 78; large-flowered, ii. 43. Rotas-ghur, i. 40; palace, i. 42. _Rottlera tinctoria,_ i. 315. Rummai, i. 394. Ryott valley, ii. 190.

S

Saddle, Tibetan, i. 296. Sakkya, invocation of, i. 229; Sing, i. 321; Thoba, i. 331. Sakkyazong, i. 186, ii. 66. Sal, i. 21. _Salix tetrasperma,_ i. 400; _Babylonica,_ ii. 32. _Salmonidae,_ distribution of in Asia, (note) ii. 183. Salt, country in Tibet, ii. 124; monopoly of by Indian Government, ii. 339. _Salvinia,_ ii. 338. Sandal-wood, red, ii. 328. Sandstone of Kala-panee, ii. 286; of Khasia, ii. 267; of Kymore hills, i. 39; of Terai, i. 379, 402; slabs of, 160. Sara (crane) breeding in Tibet (note), ii. 161. Sar-natb, i. 77. Satpura range, i. 32. _Satyrium Nepalense_ (note), ii. 102. _Saussurea,_ bladder-headed, ii. 109; _gossypina,_ i. 225. _Saxifraga,_ arctic, i. 81; _ciliaris,_ ii. 280; (note) ii. 100. _Scirpus triquetra_ (note), ii. 96. _Scitamineae,_ ii. 18. Sconce, Mr., ii. 345. Scorpions, i. 53. Scratched rocks, absence of in Sikkim, ii. 120. Seal of Bhotan Rajah, i. 372. Seasons of vegetation in Sikkim, ii. 182. Sebolah pass, ii. 141. Seetakoond bungalow and hill, ii. 352; hot springs of, i. 88; perpetual flame at, ii. 352. Sepoys, Lepcha and Tibetan, ii. 235. Shahgunj, i. 60. Shales, carbonaceous in Terai, i. 403. Sheep, breeding of, ii. 150; feeding on rhododendron leaves, i. 261; grazed at 16,000 feet, ii. 89; at 18,000 feet, ii. 170; Tibetan, i. 272; wild, i. 243, ii. 132. Sheergotty, i. 31. Shell-lac, i. 9. Shells, ii. 7; alpine, ii. 156. Shepherd's purse, i. 221. Shigatzi (_see_ Jigatzi). Shooting, prejudice against, ii. 40. Showa (stag) antlers of, ii. 214. Shrubs, northern limits of, ii. 118. Siberian plants in Himalaya, ii, 38, 66, 63, 74. Sidingbah (note), i. 274, 276. Sikkim, climate of, i. 160; Rajah, i. 116, 298; vegetation, i. 168; Dewan, i. 298. Silchar, ii. 328. Silhet, ii. 326, 335; leave, ii. 337. Siligoree, i. 375, 399. Silok-foke, Lama of, ii. 4. Simonbong temple, i. 172. _Simulium,_ i. 157. Sinchul, ascent of, i. 124, 125; plants of, i. 125. Singdong, ii. 223. Singtam Soubah, ii. 15; at Chola, ii. 201; dismissal of, ii. 210; illness of, ii. 72; joined by, ii. 64. Singtam village, ii. 14. Sissoo, i. 395. Sitong, ii. 153. _Skimmia,_ i. 126; _laureola,_ i. 167. Sleeman, Major, reports on Thuggee, i. 67. Slopes, inclination of in Sikkim, i. 327. _Smilacina_ (a pot-herb), ii. 48. Snake-king, image of, i. 369, (note) i. 328. Snakes, ii. 25, 305. Snow, perpetual ii. 116, 128, 169; phenomena of (note), i. 252; shades, i. 357; storms, i. 355. Snowy Himalaya, views of from Tonglo i. 184; very deceptive appearance of, i. 124. Soane, i. 35; cross, i. 38, 45, 53; elevation of bed, i. 46; mouth of, i. 82; pebbles, i. 33, 91; plants in bed of, i 45. Soda, sesqui-carbonate of, i. 13; effloresced, ii. 157. Soil, temperature of, i. 35, 36, 45, 158, 170, 186, 219, 247; at Bhomsong, i. 305. Songboom, i. 361. Soormah river, ii. 261; basin of, ii. 256. Soorujkoond, hot-springs of, i. 27. Sound, produced by boulders in rivers, ii. 48; transmission of, i. 253. _Sparganium ramosum_ (note), ii. 96. _Sphaerostema,_ ii. 33. _Sphynx atropos,_ i. 46. Spiders in martins' nests, i. 46, _Spondias mangifera,_ i. 82. Squirrels, i. 46. Stainforth, Mr., house at Pomrang, ii. 313; at Silhet, ii. 335. _Sterculia foetida,_ i. 39. Stick lac, i. 9. Sticks, warming (note), ii. 154. _Stipa,_ ii. 132. _Stauntonia,_ i. 112. Strawberry of the plains, i. 395; alpine, ii. 108. _Struthiopteris,_ ii. 68. _Strychnos potatorum,_ i. 50. _Stylidium,_ ii. 336. _Styloceras ratna,_ i. 399. Sulkun, i. 56. Sultangunj, rocks of, i. 90. Sundeep island, deposit of silt on, ii. 342. Sunderbunds, ii. 354; compared with Jheels, ii. 260; vegetation of, ii. 340. _Sunipia_ (note), ii. 10. Sunnook, i. 317. Sunrise, false, i. 63. Sunset, false, i. 63; in Tibet, ii. 173. Suspension bridge, iron, i. 199. Syenite, blocks of, ii. 302. _Symplocos,_ dye from, ii. 41. Syong, ii. 291.

T

Taktoong river, ii. 32. _Talauma Hodgsoni,_ i. 162. Taldangah, i. 12. Tallum Samdong, ii. 67, 96. Tamarind tree, i. 17. Tamarisk, i. 392. Tambur river, i. 194; elevation and slope of bed, i. 200. Tanks, plants in, i. 62; movements of water in, ii. 342. Taptiatok (E. Nepal), i. 204. Tassichooding temples, i. 257. Tassiding, i. 289, 315; temples, i. 319; foundation, i, 325. Tchebu Lama, i. 302; ii. 5, 193; house and chapel of, ii. 194. Tchiru (antelope), ii. 157. Tchuka (rhubarb), ii. 58. Tea, buttered, ii. 78; brick, i. 297; made of _Photinia,_ etc., ii. 22; Tibetan, ii. 78. Teal, English, ii. 158. Tea-plants, i. 5; cultivation of in Sikkim, i. 144; cut by hail at Dorjiling, i. 408; at Myrung, ii. 92; Chittagong, ii. 347. Teelas, ii. 262, 327. Teesta river, at Bhomsong, i. 297; exit from mountains, i. 396; in plains, i. 392; junction with Great Rungeet, i. 154; signification of, i. 398; temperature of, i. 397; ii. 60. Teeta (febrifuge), i. 272. Temples of Catsuperri, i. 365; Changachelling, i. 368; Choongtam, ii. 21; Doobdi, i. 366; Neongong, i. 311; Pemiongchi,i. 327; Phadong, ii. 192; Simonbong, i. 172; Tassichooding, i. 257; Tassiding, i. 319; Wallanchoon, i. 228; Yangma, i. 235; various, i. 313; mode of building, i. 311; worship in, i. 812, 365; ii. 178. Tendong, i. 127; ii. 3.; summit of, ii. 6. Terai, i. 100, 104; definition of, i. 377; excursion to, i. 373; meteorology of, i. 384; of Khasia, ii. 266; seizure of, ii. 240; vegetation of, i. 101. Terraces, at Baisarbatti, i. 401; junction of Zemu and Thlonok, ii. 53; Momay, ii. 119; Yalloong, i. 270; Yangma, i. 234, 242. Terya, ii. 226. Teshoo Loombo (note), ii. 171. _Tetrao-perdrix nivicola,_ ii. 113. _Thalictrum,_ i. 19; _alpinum,_ ii. 115; _glyphocarpum_ (note), i. 24. Thermometer, black bulb, i. 15; boiling-point, ii. 113, 153, Appendix, 453; lost, ii. 184; minimum left on Donkia pass, ii. 129; sunk, i. 198; Appendix, 441, 451. Thigh-bone, trumpet of, i. 173, 314. _Thlaspi arvense,_ ii. 68. Thlonok river, ii. 47. Thomson, Dr., joined by, ii. 238. Thugs, river, i. 67; suppression of, i. 65. Tibet, animals of, ii. 93, 157, 173; enter, ii. 155; inhospitality of climate, i. 299; snow-line, elevation of in, ii. 128, 175. Tibetans, i. 262; blackening faces of women, ii. 172; camp of, ii. 85; charm-box, i. 270; child's coral, ii. 87; churns, ii. 77; cups, i. 212; diet, i. 212; Dingpun, ii. 160; dogs, i. 204; drunk, i. 230; guitar, i. 304; headdresses, ii. 86; hospitality, ii. 94; household, i. 212; houses, ii. 67; pipe, i. 212; salute, i. 203; sepoys, ii. 160, 200, 235; tea, i. 212; ii. 78; tents, ii. 77. Ticks, i. 166, 279; ii. 79. Tidal-wave, ii. 343. Tide in Bay of Bengal, ii. 340; in Sunderbunds, ii. 354. Tiger hunt, i. 56. Tikbotang, ii. 228. Tingri, ii. 169. Titalya, i. 100, 376. Toad, Javanese, ii. 96. Tobacco, Chinese, ii. 232; made from rhubarb, ii. 152. Toddy-palm, i. 34, 39, 88. Tofe Choney, i. 16. Tomo-chamo mountain, ii. 122. Tong (arum-roots prepared for food), ii. 49; collection and preparation of, ii. 65. Tonglo, i. 158; camp on, i. 183; elevation of, i. 171; excursion to, i. 155; summit of, i. 167; temperature of, i. 170; vegetation of, i. 167. Took (_Hydnocarpus_), ii. 7. (_See_ Chaulmoogra). Toon (_Cedrela_), i. 193, 312. Tourmalines, i. 224; ii. 27. Toys, children's in Sikkim, i. 338. Travelling equipment, i. 179. Tree-fern, i. 110; ii. 13; in Silhek, ii. 336.

END OF VOLUME II OF HIMALAYAN JOURNALS.