Chapter XXII: Part 22

─────────────┬───────────────────┬───────────────────┬───────────────────
│ 1914 │ 1915 │ 1916
─────────────┼─────────┬─────────┼─────────┬─────────┼─────────┬─────────
│Brigade. │Regiment.│Brigade. │Regiment.│Brigade. │Regiment.
─────────────┼─────────┼─────────┼─────────┼─────────┼─────────┼─────────
Infantry. │87 Res. │205 Res. │87 Res. │205 Res. │87 Res. │205 Res.
│ │206 Res. │ │206 Res. │ │206 Res.
│88 Res. │207 Res. │88 Res. │207 Res. │88 Res. │207 Res.
│ │208 Res. │ │208 Res. │ │208 Res.
│ 16 Res. Jag. Btn. │ 16 Res. Jag. Btn. │ 16 Res. Jag. Btn.
─────────────┼───────────────────┼───────────────────┼───────────────────
Cavalry. │44 Res. Cav. Detch.│44 Res. Cav. Detch.│44 Res. Cav. Detch.
─────────────┼───────────────────┼───────────────────┼───────────────────
Artillery. │44 Res. F. A. Rgt. │44 Res. F. A. Rgt. │44 Reg. F. A. Rgt.
│ (9 Btries.) │ │
│ │ │
│ │ │
│ │ │
│ │ │
│ │ │
│ │ │
─────────────┼───────────────────┼───────────────────┼───────────────────
Engineers and│44 Pion. Co. │44 Res. Pont. Co. │44 Res. Pion. Co.
Liaisons. │ │ │
│ │44 Res. Pion. Engs.│5 Field Co. 29
│ │ │ Pion. Rgt.
│ │ │244 T. M. Co.
│ │ │
│ │ │44 Res. Pont. Engs.
│ │ │
│ │ │
│ │ │
│ │ │
│ │ │
│ │ │
│ │ │
─────────────┼───────────────────┼───────────────────┼───────────────────
Medical and │ │44 Res. Ambulance │
Veterinary.│ │ Co. │
│ │ │
│ │ │
│ │ │
│ │ │
│ │ │
─────────────┼───────────────────┼───────────────────┼───────────────────
Transports. │ │ │
─────────────┴───────────────────┴───────────────────┴───────────────────

─────────────┬───────────────────┬───────────────────
│ 1917 │ 1918
─────────────┼─────────┬─────────┼─────────┬─────────
│Brigade. │Regiment.│Brigade. │Regiment.
─────────────┼─────────┼─────────┼─────────┼─────────
Infantry. │87 Res. │205 Res. │87 Res. │205 Res.
│ │206 Res. │ │206 Res.
│ │208 Res. │ │208 Res.
│ │ │ │
│ │ │ │
│ │ │ │
─────────────┼─────────┴─────────┼─────────┴─────────
Cavalry. │44 Res. Cav. Detch.│4 Sqn. 7 Drag. Rgt.
─────────────┼───────────────────┼───────────────────
Artillery. │(?) Art. Command: │44 Res. F. A. Rgt.
│ │
│ 44 Res. F. A. Rgt.│2 Abt. 21 Ft. A.
│ │ Rgt. (4 and 6
│ │ Btries.).
│ │706 Light Am. Col.
│ │828 Light Am. Col.
│ │1322 Light Am. Col.
─────────────┼───────────────────┼───────────────────
Engineers and│344 Pion. Btn.: │344 Pion. Btn.:
Liaisons. │ │
│ 44 Res. Pion. Co. │ 5 Co. 29 Pions.
│ │
│ 5 Field Co. 29 │ 44 Res. Pion. Co.
│ Pion. Btn. │
│ 244 T. M. Co. │ 244 T. M. Co.
│ 306 Searchlight │ 21 Searchlight
│ Sect. │ Section.
│ 444 Tel. Detch. │ 250 Searchlight
│ │ Section.
│ │444 Signal Command:
│ │ 444 Tel. Detch.
│ │ 86 Wireless Detch.
─────────────┼───────────────────┼───────────────────
Medical and │526 Ambulance Co. │526 Ambulance Co.
Veterinary.│ │
│73 Res. Field │71 Res. Field
│ Hospital. │ Hospital.
│238 Vet. Hospital. │75 Res. Field
│ │ Hospital.
│ │238 Vet. Hospital.
─────────────┼───────────────────┼───────────────────
Transports. │M. T. Col. │731 M. T. Col.
─────────────┴───────────────────┴───────────────────

HISTORY.

(3d Corps District—Brandenburg.)

1914.

YSER.

1. The 44th Reserve Division, formed between August and October, 1914, like the other division of the 22d Reserve Corps (43d Reserve Division), was trained at Jueterbog Camp and entrained on October 12. Detraining at Termonde, it was in action at Dixmude and at Bixschoote in October and November and lost very heavily. On November 9 the 3d Battalion of the 205th Reserve Infantry Regiment was reduced to 153 men. (Notebook.)

2. After the battle of the Yser, it occupied several sectors north of Ypres.

1915.

NIEUPORT.

1. The 44th Reserve Division remained on the Flanders front until the month of June, 1915.

2. On June 7 the division was relieved from the Lombartzyde-Nieuport sector and transferred to the Eastern Front.

RUSSIA.

3. Arriving in Russia in the middle of June, it took part in the Mackensen offensive—battles of pursuit on the Galician frontier (June 22-July 16); battle of Krasnostaw (July 19–28) and of Biskupice (July, 29–30); battles up to the Bug (July 31 to Aug. 19); taking of Brest- Litovsk on August 26.

SERBIA.

4. In October it was sent to Serbia and went through the entire campaign.

5. At the end of December, it was sent to rest in Hungary.

1916.

FRANCE.

1. At the end of January, 1916, the 44th Reserve Division entrained for France. (Itinerary: Inddis-Budapest-Vienna-Rosenheim-Cologne-Charleroi.) It detrained at Landrecies-Valenciennes on February 6. It did some work on the Somme front (the 306th Reserve Infantry Regiment near Peronne; the 208th Reserve Infantry Regiment remained at Mesle until Mar. 14) and then entrained at Landrecies on March 24.

VERDUN (MORT-HOMME).

2. Concentrated in the vicinity of Buzancy, at the end of March, the division went to the left bank of the Meuse. On April 11 the 86th Reserve Brigade went into line in the Mort-Homme sector. The 44th Reserve Division was in action beginning with April 25, and suffered very heavy losses (April-May).

3. On June 5 the 44th Reserve Division was withdrawn from the front, reorganized, and sent to rest in the vicinity of Sedan (replacements from the 3d and 5th Corps Districts).

SOMME.

4. Transferred to the Somme (July 2 and 3), the division sent some of its elements into action on the Estrees-Belloy front on July 4. It underwent the French attacks between these two villages (July 6–10) and launched a violent counterattack on the 7th and 8th. These engagements caused it severe losses (9 officers and 522 men as prisoners).

LASSIGNY.

5. Relieved on July 10, it spent a few days at rest, and on July 20 entered the line in the sector of Lassigny-Beuvraignes.

Between June 1 and July 15 the 205th Reserve Infantry Regiment, after it had received men from the Beverloo depot, had received at least 145 men for its 5th Company, 167 for its 8th; on July 14 the 1st Company of the 206th Infantry Regiment received at least 128 men; some (1917 class) had only been in the service since May 5.

SOMME.

6. Sent to rest in the middle of September, the 44th Reserve Division again went into action on the Somme (Berny en Santerre-Genermont), between October 9 and October 28, and again lost very heavily.

7. It then came back into the Lassigny sector, where it was reorganized (reinforcements of 300 to 400 men per regiment). It transferred the 207th Reserve Infantry Regiment to the 228th Division, a new organization.

1917.

LASSIGNY (RETREAT).

1. In March, 1917, the 44th Reserve Division took part in the German retreat and left the lines at Lassigny to take up its position between La Fère and Moy (Mar. 25).

LA MALMAISON (WOËVRE).

2. Sent into the reserve of the army at the end of March in the vicinity of Marle St. Gobert, the division was concentrated on April 15 in the vicinity of Monampteuil-Filain (Apr. 20). On the 21st, on both banks of the Oise-Aisne Canal, it relieved the remnants of the division decimated by the French offensive of April 16 and at La Malmaison received the new attack of May 5. Very much exhausted (1,670 prisoners), it was replaced at once (night of May 5–6) and transferred to the Woëvre first and then to the Côtes de Meuse northeast of St. Mihiel, where the division took over the sector of Chevaliers after being reorganized. It was withdrawn October 25.

FLANDERS.

3. On November 10 it went into line in Flanders, north of Passchendaele.

ARTOIS.

Relieved at the end of the month, it was sent to the sector of Neuve Chapelle. It was still there March 19, 1918.

RECRUITING.

The 44th Reserve Division was mixed at the time of its formation (one regiment from Hanover), but has since become purely Brandenburg by its reduction to three regiments. However, this does not prevent the occasional introduction of extraneous elements—for example, in July, 1916 (urgent call for available reserve at Beverloo). The 1917 class then made its appearance on July 12, 1916 (in the 208th Reserve Infantry Regiment); the 1918 class on April 13, 1917 (in the 205th Reserve Infantry Regiment).

VALUE—1917 ESTIMATE.

The 44th Reserve Division has been designated an assault division.

The 44th Reserve Division has not shown any great military value in the course of the battles which it went into north of the Aisne. Certain elements, however, fought well. One must note that the combat effectives of the division were very much reduced by the artillery preparation before the attack of May 5, 1917.

After the battle of the Aisne, the division made up for its losses with elements from the field recruit depots and two replacements, one coming from Warsaw (1917 class), and the other from the 5th Corps District (mostly returned wounded).

1918.

LA BASSEE CANAL.

1. About April 1st, the division was retired to the second line, from which it returned on the night of April 12–13 to attack near Locon on the 13th. It held a sector in that region until its relief by the 220th Division on May 6–7.

2. The division rested at Courrieres for three weeks. On May 26 it relieved the 39th Division west of Vieux Berqum. Here it remained until July 4, when it was relieved by the 207th Division.

SOMME.

3. The division moved to the area northwest of Tournai early in July. There it rested and received drafts until its return to line northeast of Martinpuich on August 26. The division fell back on Flers (27th), Beaulencourt (1st), Villers au Flos (2d), Ruyaulcourt (3d), southwest of Havrincourt (7th). It was withdrawn from line on September 10 after losing 700 prisoners.

4. It was out of line for four weeks and unconfirmed reports indicated its presence at Metz. However, it again appeared in line on the Cambrai- St. Quentin front on October 10, north of Montay. It fought around Le Cateau until the end of the month when it was withdrawn from line north of Robersart. About the fourth of November the division was back in line at Locquignol and in the closing days of the war it fell back to Maubeuge.

VALUE—1918 ESTIMATE.

The division was rated as first class. It was not used in any of the major offensives of 1918.

44th Landwehr Division.

COMPOSITION.

─────────────┬─────────────────────────────┬─────────────────────────────
│ 1916 │ 1917
─────────────┼──────────────┬──────────────┼──────────────┬──────────────
│ Brigade. │ Regiment. │ Brigade. │ Regiment.
─────────────┼──────────────┼──────────────┼──────────────┼──────────────
Infantry. │Rosenberg. │93 Ldw. │44 Ldw. │81 Ldw.
│ │382 Ldw. │ │93 Ldw.
│ │ │ │382 Ldw.
─────────────┼──────────────┴──────────────┼──────────────┴──────────────
Cavalry. │ │
─────────────┼─────────────────────────────┼─────────────────────────────
Artillery. │ │Art. Command:
│ │ 270 F. A. Rgt.
│ │
│ │
│ │
│ │
─────────────┼─────────────────────────────┼─────────────────────────────
Engineers and│ │(444) Pion. Btn.:
Liaisons. │ │
│ │ 411 T. M. Co.
│ │
│ │ 544 Tel. Detch.
│ │
│ │
│ │
│ │
─────────────┼─────────────────────────────┼─────────────────────────────
Medical and │ │274 Ambulance Co.
Veterinary.│ │
│ │360 Field Hospital.
│ │Vet. Hospital.
│ │
─────────────┼─────────────────────────────┼─────────────────────────────
Transports. │ │M. T. Col.
─────────────┴─────────────────────────────┴─────────────────────────────

─────────────┬─────────────────────────────┬─────────────────────────────
│ 1918 │ 1918
─────────────┼──────────────┬──────────────┼──────────────┬──────────────
│ Brigade. │ Regiment. │ Brigade. │ Regiment.
─────────────┼──────────────┼──────────────┼──────────────┼──────────────
Infantry. │44 Ldw. │81 Ldw. │ (?) │81 Ldw.
│ │93 Ldw. │ │93 Ldw.
│ │382 Ldw. │ │382 Ldw.
─────────────┼──────────────┴──────────────┼──────────────┴──────────────
Cavalry. │3 Sqn. 2 Uhlan Rgt. │3 Sqn. 2 Uhlan Rgt.
─────────────┼─────────────────────────────┼─────────────────────────────
Artillery. │134 Art. Command: │134 Art. Command:
│ 4, 5, 6, and 8 Abtl. 254 │ 61 Res. F. A. Rgt.
│ Ldw. F. A. Rgt. │
│ 828 and 837 F. A. Btries. │ 822 Light Am. Col.
│ │ 1268 Light Am. Col.
│ │ 1321 Light Am. Col.
─────────────┼─────────────────────────────┼─────────────────────────────
Engineers and│(444) Pion. Btn.: │444 Pion. Btn.:
Liaisons. │ │
│ 2 Landst. Co. 7 C. Dist. │ 4 Landst. Co. 7 C. Dist.
│ Pions. │ Pions.
│ 4 Landst. Co. 7 C. Dist. │ 244 Searchlight Section.
│ Pions. │
│ 411 T. M. Co. │544 Signal Command:
│ 544 Tel. Detch. │ 544 Tel. Detch.
│ │ 63 Wireless Detch.
─────────────┼─────────────────────────────┼─────────────────────────────
Medical and │274 Ambulance Co. │274 Ambulance Co.
Veterinary.│ │
│268 Field Hospital. │360 Field Hospital.
│360 Field Hospital. │
│Vet. Hospital. │
─────────────┼─────────────────────────────┼─────────────────────────────
Transports. │M. T. Col. │
─────────────┴─────────────────────────────┴─────────────────────────────

HISTORY.

(81st Landwehr Regiment: 18th Corps District—Grand Duchy of Hesse and
Hesse—Nassau. 93d Landwehr Regiment: 4th Corps District—Prussian Saxony.
382d Landwehr Regiment: 7th Corps District—Westphalia.)

1916.

LORRAINE.

1. The 44th Landwehr Division was formed in April, 1917, by the grouping of the 44th Landwehr Brigade (93d and 382d Landwehr Regiments) and the 81st Landwehr Regiment. The latter regiment had been successively attached to the 39th Reserve Division (area of St. Dié until the spring of 1916), to the Bavarian Ersatz Division (near Verdun until the end of 1916) and finally to the 54th Division (Flirey).

2. The 44th Landwehr Brigade, called the Rosenberg Brigade until July, 1916, united in December, 1915, on the left bank of the Moselle, the 1st Landwehr Ersatz Regiment, afterwards the 382d Landwehr Regiment (formerly attached to the Norroy Brigade) and the 93d Landwehr, former Von Gundlach Regiment of the Graudenz Corps, formed from two of the six surplus Landwehr battalions of the 4th Corps District and of the 38th Landwehr Brigade Ersatz Battalion (Hanover), identified Jeandelize in June, 1915. It was attached to the 8th Ersatz Division at the beginning of 1916.

3. The 44th Landwehr Brigade held the Moselle front on the left bank of the river until it was transformed into the 44th Landwehr Division.

1917.

BOIS LE PRÊTRE.

1. The formation of the 44th Landwehr Division in April, 1917, had no effect upon the position of the elements which entered into its composition. They continued to hold the left bank of the Moselle (Bois le Prêtre) until October, 1917.

2. In this sector the 44th Landwehr Division gave signs of its presence only by a few unimportant raids.

UPPER ALSACE.

3. On October 13, 1917, the 44th Landwehr Division was relieved from Bois le Prêtre, entrained on the 16th at Arnaville, Pagny, Bayonville, and was transferred to Alsace, detraining at Sierentz and Bartenheim. During the night of the 18th–19th it went into line on both banks of the Rhône-Rhine Canal.

On November 7 the division suffered some losses at Schoenholz.

VALUE—1917 ESTIMATE.

Composed for the most part of elderly men accustomed to holding calm sectors, the 44th Landwehr Division is the antithesis of an attack division. However, it knows how to organize and maintain a position and there is reason to believe that it would do well on the defensive.

Each of its regiments possesses an assault troop.

1918.

1. The division held the Altkirch sector throughout 1918 until the armistice. The sector remained absolutely quiet.

VALUE—1918 ESTIMATE.

The division was rated as fourth class.

45th Reserve Division.

COMPOSITION.

─────────────┬───────────────────┬───────────────────┬───────────────────
│ 1914 │ 1915 │ 1916
─────────────┼─────────┬─────────┼─────────┬─────────┼─────────┬─────────
│Brigade. │Regiment.│Brigade. │Regiment.│Brigade. │Regiment.
─────────────┼─────────┼─────────┼─────────┼─────────┼─────────┼─────────
Infantry. │89 Res. │209 Res. │89 Res. │209 Res. │89 Res. │209 Res.
│ │212 Res. │ │212 Res. │ │212 Res.
│90 Res. │210 Res. │90 Res. │210 Res. │90 Res. │210 Res.
│ │211 Res. │ │211 Res. │ │211 Res.
│ 17 Res. Jag. Btn. │ 17 Res. Jag. Btn. │ 17 Res. Jag. Btn.
─────────────┼───────────────────┼───────────────────┼───────────────────
Cavalry. │45 Res. Cav. Detch.│45 Res. Cav. Detch.│45 Res. Cav. Detch.
─────────────┼───────────────────┼───────────────────┼───────────────────
Artillery. │45 Res. F. A. Regt.│45 Res. F. A. Rgt. │45 Res. F. A. Rgt.
│ (9 Btries.). │ │
│ │ │
│ │ │
│ │ │
│ │ │
│ │ │
│ │ │
─────────────┼───────────────────┼───────────────────┼───────────────────
Engineers and│45 Pion. Co. │45 Res. Pion. Co. │45 Res. Pion. Co.
Liaisons. │ │ │
│ │45 Res. Pont. Engs.│90 Res. Pion. Co.
│ │ │245 T. M. Co.
│ │ │45 Res. Pont. Engs.
│ │ │
│ │ │
│ │ │
│ │ │
│ │ │
│ │ │
│ │ │
│ │ │
─────────────┼───────────────────┼───────────────────┼───────────────────
Medical and │ │45 Res. Ambulance │
Veterinary.│ │ Co. │
│ │ │
│ │ │
│ │ │
│ │ │
│ │ │
│ │ │
│ │ │
─────────────┼───────────────────┼───────────────────┼───────────────────
Transports. │ │ │
─────────────┴───────────────────┴───────────────────┴───────────────────

─────────────┬───────────────────┬───────────────────
│ 1917 │ 1918
─────────────┼─────────┬─────────┼─────────┬─────────
│Brigade. │Regiment.│Brigade. │Regiment.
─────────────┼─────────┼─────────┼─────────┼─────────
Infantry. │90 Res. │210 Res. │90 Res. │210 Res.
│ │211 Res. │ │211 Res.
│ │212 Res. │ │212 Res.
│ │ │ │
│ │ │ │
─────────────┼─────────┴─────────┼─────────┴─────────
Cavalry. │45 Res. Cav. Detch.│45 Res. Cav. Detch.
─────────────┼───────────────────┼───────────────────
Artillery. │(?) Art. Command: │45 Res. F. A. Rgt.
│ │
│ 45 Res. F. A. Rgt.│1 Abt. 20 Ft. A.
│ │ Rgt. (1, 2, and 4
│ │ Btries.).
│ │773 Light Am. Col.
│ │839 Light Am. Col.
│ │1210 Light Am. Col.
─────────────┼───────────────────┼───────────────────
Engineers and│II/21 or 345 Pion. │345 Pion. Btn.:
Liaisons. │ Btn.: │
│ 6 Co. 21 Pions. │ 6 Co. 21 Pions.
│ 45 Res. Pion. Co. │ 45 Res. Pion. Co.
│ 245 T. M. Co. │ 245 T. M. Co.
│ 294 Searchlight │ — Searchlight
│ Section. │ Section.
│ 23 Res. │445 Signal Command:
│ Searchlight │
│ Section. │
│ 445 Tel. Detch. │ 445 Tel. Detch.
│ │ 141 Wireless
│ │ Detch.
─────────────┼───────────────────┼───────────────────
Medical and │527 Ambulance Co. │527 Ambulance Co.
Veterinary.│ │
│75 Res. Field │76 Res. Field
│ Hospital. │ Hospital.
│76 Res. Field │77 Res. Field
│ Hospital. │ Hospital.
│77 Res. Field │445 Vet. Hospital.
│ Hospital. │
│Vet. Hospital. │
─────────────┼───────────────────┼───────────────────
Transports. │732 M. T. Col. │732 M. T. Col.
─────────────┴───────────────────┴───────────────────

HISTORY.

(2d Corps District—Pomerania.)

1914.

1. The 45th Reserve Division (forming the 23d Reserve Corps with the 46th Reserve Division) belongs to the series of divisions formed between August and October, 1914. It received its training at the Jueterbog Camp, entrained on October 12, and detrained at Alost in Belgium.

YSER.

2. On October 21, 1914, the 45th Reserve Division was engaged in the battle of the Yser in the vicinity of Noordschoote-Steenstraat, and suffered serious losses in the course of the battles, which were prolonged until November (from Oct. 15 to Nov. 11 52 officers and 1,669 men in the 212th Reserve Infantry Regiment, according to the Official List of Casualties).

3. In December elements of the division were in line in the vicinity of Bixschoote.

1915.

FLANDERS.

1. The division remained in Belgium and in the vicinity of Armentières during the entire year of 1915 and the first half of 1916.

2. On April 22, 1915, it attacked in the Steenstraat sector and occupied the village of Lizerne, which counter attacks obliged it to abandon.

1916.

FLANDERS.

1. The 45th Reserve Division continued to occupy the zone north of Ypres (Steenstraat-Boesinghe) until March 3, 1916. The 209th and 212th Reserve Infantry Regiments were temporarily detached (from the end of January to the beginning of March) and assigned to the 26th Division in the Becelaere sector.

MESSINES.

2. On March 12 the division took over the sector of Messines, south of Ypres. Until the month of September it did not take part in any important action.

SOMME.

3. At the beginning of September it was withdrawn from Flanders, sent to the Somme, and engaged in the sector of Thiepval-Martinpuich (Sept. 9 to 24). On September 15 it withstood the British attack between Courcelette and Thiepval, where it lost very heavily.

OISE.

4. After a short rest in the vicinity of Bapaume the division was sent to the Noyon area. It transferred the 209th Reserve Infantry Regiment to the 207th Division, a new formation. At the beginning of October it went into line on the left bank of the Oise at Tracy le Val. In the interval, in order to fill up its regiments, it had to borrow from the Landsturm battalions of the 2d Corps District (men of the Landsturm 2d Btn., trained and untrained from the classes 1892 to 1894).

1917.

1. January 22, 1917, the 45th Reserve Division left the sector of Tracy le Val for the Sissonne Camp, and received training there for three weeks. Its regiments had been practically re-formed. Between September 24, 1916, and February 21, 1917, the 210th Reserve Infantry Regiment had received 79 noncommissioned officers and 1,522 men.

2. On February 12 it went into the sector Osly-Courtil-Chevillecourt, west of Soissons. In March it retired in the direction of Coucy le Château; it was put in reserve (Mar. 20 to Apr. 10) in the area north of Laon.

AISNE-CHEMIN DES DAMES.

3. On April 10, in anticipation of the French attack, the elements of the division were concentrated near Filain. On the 7th the 210th Reserve Infantry Regiment was in action south of the Ailette Canal (east of Vauxaillon). The other regiments were sent west of the Oise-Aisne Canal toward Braye en Laonnois. All the units underwent the attack of April 16, and were relieved between April 20 and 22, having suffered very heavy losses.

4. Concentrated and reorganized north of Laon (Crecy sur Serre), the division again went into action near the Oise-Aisne Canal (Froidmont Farm-Malval Farm, on May 3). Its losses were again very severe during the new French attack of May 5. It was withdrawn from the front on the 6th.

VERDUN.

5. Transferred to the vicinity of Conflans and reorganized, the division went into line on the Côtes de Meuse (Calonne les Éparges) on May 27.

6. After three months in the sector on the Côtes, the 45th Reserve Division entrained at Conflans (Sept. 26) for Flanders.

FLANDERS.

7. On September 22 it went into position in the Zonnebeke sector as a counterattacking division. Elements of the division were engaged on October 1 (Polygon wood), on the 4th (Zonnebeke), and from the 9th to the 12th as reinforcements on the Passchendaele front. After the British attack of October 12 the division, very much exhausted by these battles, was relieved.

VERDUN.

Transferred to the rear of the Côtes de Meuse, sent into line on the heights northeast of St. Mihiel in November; it was sent to the vicinity of Bohain in December.

RECRUITING.

Mixed at the time of its formation (1 Hanseatic Regiment), the 45th Reserve Division was recruited almost entirely from Pomerania, in theory at least, after its reduction to three regiments. Like the other units recruited from this province (4th Division), at the end of 1915 and several times since then, it has received a relatively large proportion of elderly men (1892 to 1894 classes, trained and untrained).

VALUE—1917 ESTIMATE.

The 45th Reserve Division fought well on the Somme. It put up a vigorous defense on the Aisne in the course of its two engagements of April 16 and May 6, 1917.

The Pomeranians, who formed the greater part of its effectives, have a military reputation to sustain. However, according to the statements of prisoners, when the 212th Reserve Infantry Regiment came from the Verdun front to Flanders it refused to attack on September 30, 1917. (British Summary of Information, Oct. 4.)

1918.

ST. QUENTIN.

1. Toward the end of January the division relieved the 36th Division near Faye (north of St. Quentin), the latter division side slipping toward the south. It remained here and took part in the initial attack of the Somme offensive; it was withdrawn about the 24th of March. It was not entirely withdrawn on that date, however, for besides still having some elements in line, the rest of the division was in close support as a “follow up” division. In this fighting it lost heavily.

MONTDIDIER.

2. A few days later it went to rest in the Montdidier area. Early in April it entered line near Assainvillers (east of Montdidier), where it was identified on the 6th, and was relieved by the 206th Division on the 18th, going to rest and refit in the region of Vouziers.

AISNE.

3. On the 1st of June the division was in reserve northeast of Fère en Tardenois, and on the 3d it reinforced the front near Chaudun (southwest of Soissons); it was relieved by the 23d Division and went to rest near Oulchy le Château (west of Fère en Tardenois).

MARNE.

4. The allied counteroffensive having started on July 18, the division was hurried into line near Montron (east of La Ferté Milon) to meet it. Here it was heavily engaged and suffered severe losses. It was relieved by the 26th Division on July 27.

5. It did not have an opportunity to rest, however, for it relieved the 201st Division north of Fère en Tardenois two days later. It was relieved on August 3, and went to rest in the Maubeuge region. It was identified here on the 23d, but a few days afterwards, the Germans fearing an American attack in Alsace, it was dispatched to the vicinity of Muelheim, where it arrived prior to September 3.

CHAMPAGNE-ARGONNE.

6. The division entrained on the 24th for Flanders, but was ordered to detrain when it reached St. Morel (south of Vouziers) on the 26th and remained there until midnight. Then the 212th Reserve Regiment entered line in the Aire valley near Baulny, while the remainder of the division moved farther to the west and entered line to the north of Fontaine en Dormois (northeast of Suippes). On October 8 these elements came to the east and the division was in line as a whole northwest of Châtel Chéhéry. It was withdrawn on the 25th and went to rest in Lorraine in the vicinity of Conflans (southwest of Briey).

7. On the 4th of November it came back into line near Woël (northeast of St. Mihiel); it was still here on the 11th.

VALUE—1918 ESTIMATE.

The 45th Reserve has been considered a second-class division. Heavily engaged on the Somme (three times), on the Aisne, against the Allied counteroffensive, and in the battle of the Meuse-Argonne, it has done a great deal of heavy fighting during 1918, without, however, ever particularly distinguishing itself. It suffered exceedingly heavy losses. Early in September, the 212th Regiment received as a draft the 397th Regiment of the disbanded 222d Division. About the 16th of October it received a very large draft of replacements among which were a considerable number of elements of decidedly Bolshevistic tendencies. Men deserted to the rear, to the enemy, and quite a few were punished for insubordination to officers, and some for refusing to fight. The morale of the whole division was very low.

45th Landwehr Division.

COMPOSITION.

─────────────┬───────────────────────────┬───────────────────────────
│ 1917 │ 1918
─────────────┼─────────────┬─────────────┼─────────────┬─────────────
│ Brigade. │ Regiment. │ Brigade. │ Regiment.
─────────────┼─────────────┼─────────────┼─────────────┼─────────────
Infantry. │45 Ldw. │107 Ldw. │45 Ldw. │107 Ldw.
│ │133 Ldw. │ │133 Ldw.
│ │350 Ldw. │ │350 Ldw.
─────────────┼─────────────┴─────────────┼─────────────┴─────────────
Cavalry. │ (?) │4 Sqn. Gd. (Saxon) Cav.
│ │ Rgt.
│ │23 Drag. Rgt.
─────────────┼───────────────────────────┼───────────────────────────
Artillery. │Art. Command: │498 F. A. Rgt.
│ 408 F. A. Rgt. │1027 Light Am. Col.
│ │1043 Light Am. Col.
─────────────┼───────────────────────────┼───────────────────────────
Engineers and│(445) Pion. Btn.: │183 Pion. Co.
Liaisons. │ │
│ 4 Res. Co. 22 Pions. │4 Landst. Co. 9 C. Dist.
│ │ Pions.
│ 345 T. M. Co. │221 Searchlight Section.
│ 545 Tel. Detch. │545 Signal Command:
│ │ 545 Tel. Detch.
─────────────┼───────────────────────────┼───────────────────────────
Medical and │Ambulance Co. │639 Ambulance Co.
Veterinary.│ │
│355 Field Hospital. │355 Field Hospital.
│Vet. Hospital. │45 Vet. Hospital.
─────────────┼───────────────────────────┼───────────────────────────
Transports. │562 M. T. Col. │
─────────────┴───────────────────────────┴───────────────────────────

HISTORY.

(19th Corps District—Saxony.)

1917.

1. The 45th Landwehr Division was formed on the Eastern Front in April, 1917. The 107th Landwehr Regiment was taken from the 35th Reserve Division; the 133d Landwehr Regiment from the 92d Division; and the 350th Landwehr from the 91st Division, after having been a part of the 88th Division.

VOLHYNIA.

2. Until February, 1917, the 45th Landwehr Division occupied a sector in Volhynia, near the Kovel-Rovno railroad.

VALUE—1917 ESTIMATE.

The 45th Landwehr Division has been on the Eastern Front since its formation. It appears to have only a mediocre offensive value.

1918.

UKRAINE.

1. In February, 1918, the division advanced toward Kiev. A man of the 133 Landwehr Regiment wrote from the Wolczek Camp (southeast of Kovel) on the 15th of March: “Our regiment continues its march forward. It is said to have suffered heavy losses. We are fighting against the Bolsheviks; the Ukrainians are on our side.” Divisional headquarters were at Poltava in April.

2. In May the three regiments of the division were in the vicinity of Kharkov. The division was again identified here on October 13.

VALUE—1918 ESTIMATE.

The division was rated as fourth class.

46th Reserve Division.

COMPOSITION.

─────────────┬───────────────────┬───────────────────┬───────────────────
│ 1914 │ 1915 │ 1916
─────────────┼─────────┬─────────┼─────────┬─────────┼─────────┬─────────
│Brigade. │Regiment.│Brigade. │Regiment.│Brigade. │Regiment.
─────────────┼─────────┼─────────┼─────────┼─────────┼─────────┼─────────
Infantry. │91 Res. │213 Res. │91 Res. │213 Res. │91 Res. │213 Res.
│ │214 Res. │ │214 Res. │ │214 Res.
│92 Res. │215 Res. │92 Res. │215 Res. │92 Res. │215 Res.
│ │216 Res. │ │216 Res. │ │216 Res.
│ 18 Res. Jag. Btn. │ 18 Res. Jag. Btn. │ 18 Res. Jag. Btn.
─────────────┼───────────────────┼───────────────────┼───────────────────
Cavalry. │46 Res. Cav. Detch.│46 Res. Cav. Detch.│46 Res. Cav. Detch.
─────────────┼───────────────────┼───────────────────┼───────────────────
Artillery. │46 Res. F. A. Rgt. │46 Res. F. A. Rgt. │46 Res. F. A. Rgt.
│ (9 Btries.). │ │
│ │ │
─────────────┼───────────────────┼───────────────────┼───────────────────
Engineers and│46 Res. Pion. Co. │46 Res. Pion. Co. │46 Res. Pion. Co.
Liaisons. │ │ │
│ │46 Res. Pont. Engs.│1 Res. Co. 25
│ │ │ Pions.
│ │ │246 T. M. Co.
│ │ │
│ │ │
│ │ │46 Res. Pont. Engs.
│ │ │
─────────────┼───────────────────┼───────────────────┼───────────────────
Medical and │ │46 Res. Ambulance │
Veterinary.│ │ Co. │
│ │ │
│ │ │
│ │ │
│ │ │
─────────────┼───────────────────┼───────────────────┼───────────────────
Transports. │ │ │
─────────────┼───────────────────┼───────────────────┼───────────────────
Attached. │ │ │60 Anti-Aircraft
│ │ │ Section.
│ │ │3 Balloon Sqn.
─────────────┴───────────────────┴───────────────────┴───────────────────

─────────────┬───────────────────┬───────────────────
│ 1917 │ 1918[20]
─────────────┼─────────┬─────────┼─────────┬─────────
│Brigade. │Regiment.│Brigade. │Regiment.
─────────────┼─────────┼─────────┼─────────┼─────────
Infantry. │92 Res. │214 Res. │92 Res. │214 Res.
│ │215 Res. │ │215 Res.
│ │216 Res. │ │216 Res.
│ │ │ │
│ │ │ │
─────────────┼─────────┴─────────┼─────────┴─────────
Cavalry. │46 Res. Cav. Detch.│46 Res. Cav. Detch.
─────────────┼───────────────────┼───────────────────
Artillery. │(?) Art. Command: │(?) Art. Command:
│ │
│ 46 Res. F. A. Rgt.│ 46 Res. F. A. Rgt.
─────────────┼───────────────────┼───────────────────
Engineers and│(346) Pion. Btn.: │46 Res. Pion. Co.
Liaisons. │ │
│ 46 Res. Pion. Co. │1 Ldw. Co. 3 Bav.
│ │ C. Dist. Pions.
│ 246 T. M. Co. (23 │23 Res. Searchlight
│ Res. Searchlight │ Section.
│ Section). │
│ 446 Tel. Detch. │246 T. M. Co.
│ │446 Tel. Detch.
─────────────┼───────────────────┼───────────────────
Medical and │528 Ambulance Co. │528 Ambulance Co.
Veterinary.│ │
│335 Field Hospital.│335 Field Hospital.
│78 Res. Field │Vet. Hospital.
│ Hospital. │
│Vet. Hospital. │
─────────────┼───────────────────┼───────────────────
Transports. │733 M. T. Col. │733 M. T. Col.
─────────────┼───────────────────┼───────────────────
Attached. │214 Res. Rgt. T. M.│
│ Co. (Doc.). │
│ │
─────────────┴───────────────────┴───────────────────
Footnote 20:

Composition at the time of its dissolution, August, 1918.

HISTORY.

(9th Corps District—Hanseatic Cities and Grand Duchies of Mecklenburg.)

1914.

YSER.

1. The 46th Reserve Division (belonging to the 23d Reserve Corps with the 45th Division), formed between August and October, 1914, was trained at the Lockstedt Camp, and entrained for Belgium on October 12. It went into action in the battle of the Yser between Dixmude and Bixschoote on October 21, 1914.

FLANDERS.

2. After these battles, which lasted until about November 15, and in the course of which it suffered heavy losses, the division remained in Flanders and occupied the area of Bixschoote. On November 21 only 1 officer remained in the 3d Battalion of the 214th Reserve Infantry Regiment (letter); the 11th Company, which started with 253 men, had only 90 left.

1915.

FLANDERS.

1. Between April 22 and April 27, 1915, the 46th Reserve Division, which was still holding the front north of Ypres, took part in the battles launched around Lizerne, Het-Sas, Steenstraat.

2. During the rest of the year 1915 and until March, 1916, the 46th Reserve Division (as well as the 45th Reserve Division) held the lines between Dixmude and Ypres, without any important action, with periods of rest in the vicinity of Bruges and Thourout.

1916.

ST. ELOI-WYTSCHAETE.

1. Relieved north of Ypres at the end of February, 1916, the 46th Reserve Division was transferred to Werwicq, from which place on March 14 it went to the sector of St. Eloi, near Messines.

2. The division lost very heavily in this sector, at the beginning of April. After a short period of rest it took over the same line from May to September.

SOMME.

3. At the beginning of September it left the area south of Ypres to go to the Somme. It went into action on September 8 between Vermandovillers and the Chaulnes railroad and suffered rather heavy losses, especially during the French attack of September 17; the 2d Battalion of the 214th Reserve Infantry Regiment was almost completely destroyed (letter).

4. Sent behind the front for a short time, about October 8, in the vicinity of Ham, it came back into line on October 17–20 minus the 213th Reserve Infantry Regiment, which was transferred to the 207th Division, a new organization. It supported the attacks of the 21st, between Ablaincourt and Chaulnes wood, where certain of its units lost very heavily. After launching a counterattack on the 22d the division was relieved on October 24–25.

CHAMPAGNE.

5. In November and December the reorganized division took over the sector east of Rheims.

1917.

1. In January, 1917, the 46th Reserve Division was at rest in Lorraine. On January 28 it entrained at Lorquin and was transferred to the Oise, by way of Sarreburg, Thionville, Luxemburg, Namur, Maubeuge, St. Quentin, Tergnier, Chauny.

MOULIN SOUS TOUVENT.

2. On January 30 it went into the sector of Moulin sous Touvent- Autreches, which it left about March 18 to retire to Barisis, Folembray, and the lower Coucy wood.

FORÊT DE ST. GOBAIN.

3. Established in the St. Gobain sector in April and May, it was relieved on May 20 and sent to rest in the area of Marle and Vervins. It was reorganized there (the 216th Reserve Infantry Regiment received 500 men from the depot of the 76th Reserve Infantry Regiment at Hamburg).

CHEMIN DES DAMES.

4. On June 13 the division went into line on the Chemin des Dames, took part in the German attack of June 22 at the Épine de Chevregny-Royère Farm, and in the attack of July 8 on the front Panthéon-Froidmont. In these two actions it had heavy losses. It made up for these in part by men taken from the 94th Division in Russia.

5. Withdrawn from the Laon front on July 24, the division was sent to rest and to be reorganized in the area of Montmédy.

6. On August 12 it was transferred to Spincourt and placed in reserve on the right bank of the Meuse during the French attack of August 20.

VERDUN.

7. Engaged on August 22 at the Fosse wood-Chaume wood, it lost heavily by the attack of August 26 and by its counterattack upon Beaumont.

8. Relieved at once, it was reorganized and sent to rest in the vicinity of Sedan-Longuyon from August 26 to the end of September.

MEUSE.

9. The 46th Reserve Division reappeared from October 3 to November 10 in the sector of Fosse wood-Chaume wood, where some elements launched an attack on November 9 and suffered heavy losses.

10. The division was at rest in the vicinity of Longwy from November 10 to December 15.

LORRAINE.

11. About December 17 it took over the sector west of Nomeny (Cheminot- Eply) in Lorraine. It was still there at the beginning of April, 1918.

RECRUITING.

Composed at the beginning of equal contingents from the 9th and 10th Corps Districts (Schleswig-Holstein, Hanseatic cities, and Mecklenburg; Hanover, Brunswick, Oldenburg), the division, since its reduction to three regiments, is filled up from the Hanseatic cities and the Grand Duchies of Mecklenburg. It has ceased, therefore, to be Prussian, a thing which has a certain practical interest in its designation in communiques, etc., and has not been able to develop any regional sentiment or cohesion. It is to be noted that the reinforcements of 1917 have been rather mixed (Poles, men from the 2d, 3d, and 5th Corps Districts), partly because of their being taken from the Russian front, and, during its recent stay in Lorraine, from the neighboring depot of the 99th Infantry Regiment.

VALUE—1917 ESTIMATE.

The 46th Reserve Division may be considered a good division.

The attack of July 8, 1917, was carried out energetically. The assault troops attacked with “extraordinary fury.”

The division fought bravely at Verdun in August, 1917.

Weakened by battles and by an epidemic of dysentery (October-November), it was sent to Lorraine for rest and reorganization.

The division received intensive training and it would seem that in spite of new, untrained recruits it will quickly regain its value.

1918.

NOYON.

1. The division was relieved about April 25 in Lorraine and transferred to the Montdidier area, where it was at rest until June 10. On that day it reenforced the Montdidier-Noyon battle front northeast of Gournay. In the course of the attacks the division suffered considerable losses. About July 2 it was relieved. It rested in rear of the Noyon front.

SOISSONS.

2. On July 20 the division reenforced the battle front near Buzancy, south of Soissons. It lasted but one week and was then withdrawn.

3. The effectives of the division was very low, due to the failure to receive drafts. Early in August the division was disbanded. The 214th Reserve Regiment was transferred to the 4th Division, the 216th Reserve Regiment to the 18th Reserve Division, and the 215th Reserve Regiment was turned into the 4th Ersatz Division. The divisional commander, Maj. Gen. Wasielewski, was retired.

VALUE—1918 ESTIMATE.

The division was rated as second class. Although it was not heavily engaged in 1918, its effective strength was allowed to dwindle to a very low level and dissolution followed.

46th Landwehr Division.

COMPOSITION.

─────────────┬───────────────────────────┬─────────────────────────── │ 1917 │ 1918[21] ─────────────┼─────────────┬─────────────┼─────────────┬───────────── │ Brigade. │ Regiment. │ Brigade. │ Regiment. ─────────────┼─────────────┼─────────────┼─────────────┼───────────── Infantry. │46 Ldw. │101 Ldw. │ │101 Ldw. │ │103 Ldw. │ │(?) │ │105 Ldw. │ │105 Ldw. ─────────────┼─────────────┴─────────────┼─────────────┴───────────── Cavalry. │4 Sqn. 17 Uhlan Rgt. │ ─────────────┼───────────────────────────┼─────────────────────────── Artillery. │Art. Command: │246 F. A. Rgt. (Rgt. │ │ Staff). │ 246 F. A. Rgt. │ ─────────────┼───────────────────────────┼─────────────────────────── Engineers and│(446) Pion. Btn.: │546 Signal Command: Liaisons. │ │ │ 346 T. M. Co. │ 346 Tel. Detch. (Except │ │ 1st Zug.) │ 546 Tel. Detch. │ ─────────────┼───────────────────────────┼─────────────────────────── Medical and │638 Ambulance Co. │638 Ambulance Co. Veterinary.│ │ │315 Field Hospital. │46 Vet. Hospital. │46 Vet. Hospital. │ ─────────────┼───────────────────────────┼─────────────────────────── Transports. │M. T. Col. │ ─────────────┴───────────────────────────┴───────────────────────────

Footnote 21:

The elements below are those grouped under the Division Postal Sector
(728). Other units of the 46th Landwehr Division, operating in other
divisional sectors, are carried as attached to such divisions.

HISTORY.

(12th Corps District—Saxony.)

1917.

The 46th Landwehr Division, composed of the 101st and 103d Landwehr Regiments (taken from the 14th Landwehr Division) and of the 33d Landsturm Battalion (taken from the 3d Reserve Division), was formed on the Eastern Front about May, 1917.

SMORGONI.

1. It occupied the sector of Smorgoni-Lake Narotch until the beginning of 1918.

2. About the month of September, 1917, it received a new regiment, the 105th Landwehr, formed in 1917, at the time of the withdrawal of the Saxon battalions from the Prussian regiments of which they had been a part (345th and 374th Infantry Regiments). In December a great number of the young men were taken from the division to reenforce the 40th Division (Saxon) before its departure for France.

VALUE—1917 ESTIMATE.

The use made of the 46th Landwehr Division allows us to form an appreciation of its value; it held a calm sector on the Russian front in 1917; occupied the Ukraine in 1918.

1918.

VOLHYNIA.

1. In January the division was on the Volhynian front, next to the 10th Landwehr Division.

UKRAINE.

2. In February it moved into the Ukraine, leaving behind elements whose duty it was to gather the matériel which had been abandoned in the Russian positions.

3. About the middle of March the division held the sector north of Mohilev. The 103d Landwehr Regiment was along the Berezina in April. The 101st Landwehr Regiment was reported in the vicinity of Minsk early in May. The whole division was identified in the Minsk region the end of the month, and also toward the end of September.

VALUE—1918 ESTIMATE.

The division was rated as fourth class.

47th Reserve Division.

COMPOSITION.

─────────────┬───────────────────┬───────────────────┬───────────────────
│ 1914 │ 1915 │ 1916
─────────────┼─────────┬─────────┼─────────┬─────────┼─────────┬─────────
│Brigade. │Regiment.│Brigade. │Regiment.│Brigade. │Regiment.
─────────────┼─────────┼─────────┼─────────┼─────────┼─────────┼─────────
Infantry. │93 Res. │217 Res. │93 Res. │217 Res. │93 Res. │217 Res.
│ │218 Res. │ │218 Res. │ │218 Res.
│94 Res. │219 Res. │94 Res. │219 Res. │94 Res. │219 Res.
│ │220 Res. │ │220 Res. │ │220 Res.
│ │ │ │ │ │13
│ │ │ │ │ │ Landst.
│ │ │ │ │ │ (Wurtt.).
│ 19 Res. Jag. Btn. │ 19 Res. Jag. Btn. │ 19 Res. Jag. Btn.
─────────────┼───────────────────┼───────────────────┼───────────────────
Cavalry. │47 Res. Cav. Detch.│47 Res. Cav. Detch.│47 Res. Cav. Detch.
│ │ │
─────────────┼───────────────────┼───────────────────┼───────────────────
Artillery. │47 Res. F. A. Rgt. │47 Res. F. A. Rgt. │47 Res. F. A. Rgt.
│ (9 Btries.). │ │
│ │ │
─────────────┼───────────────────┼───────────────────┼───────────────────
Engineers and│47 Res. Pion. Co. │47 Res. Pion. Co. │47 Res. Pion. Co.
Liaisons. │ │ │
│ │47 Res. Pont. Engs.│91 Res. Pion. Co.
│ │ │247 T. M. Co.
│ │ │
│ │ │47 Res. Pont. Engs.
│ │ │
│ │ │
│ │ │
│ │ │
│ │ │
│ │ │
─────────────┼───────────────────┼───────────────────┼───────────────────
Medical and │ │47 Res. Ambulance │
Veterinary.│ │ Co. │
│ │ │
│ │ │
│ │ │
│ │ │
│ │ │
│ │ │
│ │ │
─────────────┼───────────────────┼───────────────────┼───────────────────
Transport. │ │ │
─────────────┼───────────────────┼───────────────────┼───────────────────
Attached. │ │ │839 F. A. Btry.
│ │ │84 Anti-Aircraft
│ │ │ Section.
│ │ │80 Labor Btn.
─────────────┴───────────────────┴───────────────────┴───────────────────

─────────────┬───────────────────┬───────────────────
│ 1917 │ 1918[22]
─────────────┼─────────┬─────────┼─────────┬─────────
│Brigade. │Regiment.│Brigade. │Regiment.
─────────────┼─────────┼─────────┼─────────┼─────────
Infantry. │94 Res. │217 Res. │94 Res. │218 Res.
│ │219 Res. │ │219 Res.
│ │220 Res. │ │220 Res.
│ │ │ │
│ │ │ │
│ │ │ │
│ │ │ │
│ │ │ │
─────────────┼─────────┴─────────┼─────────┴─────────
Cavalry. │ │4 Sqn. 4 Horse Jag.
│ │ Rgt.
─────────────┼───────────────────┼───────────────────
Artillery. │47 Art. Command: │47 Art. Command:
│ │
│ 47 Res. F. A. Rgt.│ 47 Res. F. A. Rgt.
─────────────┼───────────────────┼───────────────────
Engineers and│(347) Pion. Btn.: │47 Res. Pion. Co.
Liaisons. │ │
│ 47 Res. Pion. Co. │91 Res. Pion. Co.
│ 91 Res. Pion. Co. │42 Res. Searchlight
│ │ Section.
│ 247 T. M. Co. │247 T. M. Co.
│ 335 Searchlight │447 Tel. Detch.
│ Section. │
│ 42 Res. │147 Wireless Detch.
│ Searchlight │
│ Section. │
│ 447 Tel. Detch. │
─────────────┼───────────────────┼───────────────────
Medical and │529 Ambulance Co. │529 Ambulance Co.
Veterinary.│ │
│Field Hospital. │78 Res. Field
│ │ Hospital.
│199 Vet. Hospital. │81 Res. Field
│ │ Hospital.
│ │82 Res. Field
│ │ Hospital.
│ │199 Vet. Hospital.
─────────────┼───────────────────┼───────────────────
Transport. │M. T. Col. │M. T. Col.
─────────────┼───────────────────┼───────────────────
Attached. │ │
│ │
│ │
│ │
─────────────┴───────────────────┴───────────────────
Footnote 22:

Composition at the time of dissolution, July, 1918.

HISTORY.

(7th Corps District—Westphalia.)

1914.

WOEVRE.

1. The 47th Reserve Division, formed between August and October, 1914, and composing the 24th Reserve Corps with the 48th Reserve Division, was concentrated in the vicinity of Metz about October 20, sent to the Woevre, south of Etain, on the 26th, went into action at Magnaville on the 31st, and at Maucourt on November 6 to 11.

RUSSIA.

2. On November 23 the 47th Reserve Division entrained for the Eastern Front.

DUNAJEC.

3. Detraining in the vicinity of Cracow at the beginning of December, it went into action on the Dunajec (Neu-Sandec) west of Tarnow on the 8th, where it suffered serious check on December 20.

1915.

1. On January 10, 1915, the 47th Reserve Division was identified on the Dunajec-Gorlice front.

GALICIA.

2. From the end of January to the month of April it occupied the front west of Tarnow, near the Tarnow-Cracow railroad.

POLAND.

3. It took part in the spring and summer offensive of 1915. On July 2 it was on the right bank of the Vistula, in the vicinity of Janow. From July 20 to August 9 it took part in the advance from the Wysnica to the Wieprz, reached the Bug on October 19, the Jaselda on September 8, and fought along this last river until the 12th. On the 13th it was at Slonim.

4. At the end of September it went to the vicinity of Baranovitchi. On October 19 it held the lines near Lipsk.

1916.

RUSSIA.

1. The 47th Reserve Division remained in the sector of Lipsk- Baranovitchi during the entire year of 1916 and until May, 1917, when it entrained for France. On July 23 the 217th Reserve Infantry Regiment was withdrawn from the division to aid in the formation of the 225th Division.

1917.

FRANCE.

1. At the beginning of May, 1917, the 47th Reserve Division was transferred to the Western Front. (Itinerary of the 219th Reserve Infantry Regiment: Entrained on May 3 at Baranovitchi, Warsaw, Lodz, Lissa, Glogau, Leipzig, Erfurt, Frankfort, Metz; detrained at Bouillonville, near Thiaucourt, on May 7.)

AISNE.

2. After a stay in the Woevre, at Bois le Prêtre, until the beginning of June, and a short rest near Marle, the 47th Reserve Division went into line north of Braye en Laonnois (west of the Épine de Chevregny) on June 20. It took part in the attacks launched in this sector and suffered heavy losses from June 22 to July 8. Some of its elements were engaged in the French attack of October 23, after which they retired to the village of Chevregny.

3. The 47th Reserve Division was relieved at the end of October.

FORÊT DE ST. GOBAIN.

4. After a rest in the villages of the Serre valley, it took over the sector of Septvaux in the Forêt de St. Gobain about November 20.

RECRUITING.

Mixed at the time of its formation, the division has become entirely Westphalian since its reduction to three regiments. The levies from the Russian front in the course of 1917, however, introduced outside elements (men from the 1st, 2d, and 3d Corps District in May, coming from the 406th, 420th, and 421st Infantry Regiments). Thirteen prisoners (220th Reserve Infantry Regiment) captured on October 1, 1917, north of Braye en Laonnois, came from the following Provinces in Germany: 4 from Westphalia, 2 from Hanover, 3 from East Prussia, 1 from the Rhine Province, 1 from Oldenburg, 1 from Silesia, and 1 from Pomerania.

VALUE—1917 ESTIMATE.

The 47th Reserve Division is a mediocre division more fitted for defense than attack, but still capable of effort after rest and reorganization. It had won some reputation in the offensive at Poland and Courland.

Its effectives include a large proportion of Poles.

In the sector of Chevregny, Froidmont (June-July), it gave a good account of itself, although sanitary conditions were very defective (Dec. 1, 1917).

1918.

1. About the beginning of February the division was relieved by the 3d Bavarian Division and went to train near Vervins.

BATTLE OF PICARDY.

2. It was engaged in the Somme offensive on March 21 near Tergnier and participated in the attack until the 25th. It was reengaged on April 1 southwest of Lassigny and held that sector until May 2, when it was relieved by the extension of the 206th Division.

3. The division entrained at Ham on May 6 and moved to St. Quentin area. From May 27 onward it followed up the advance behind the 113th Division, and finally relieved that division on June 1 near Vierzy. It was relieved on June 20.

MARNE.

4. This division, although greatly weakened, was returned to line without having been reconstructed, in the vicinity of Longpont. At this time the division had not more than 40 to 50 rifles to a company. It again suffered heavy losses, and about July 27 was retired to rest.

5. The division was dissolved at Mainbresson on June 30. The 218th Reserve Regiment was formed into one battalion, which became the 3d Battalion of the 53d Reserve Infantry Regiment. The 219th Reserve Regiment was drafted to the 159th Regiment.

VALUE—1918 ESTIMATE.

The division was rated as second class. Its dissolution was occasioned by its low effective strength following its losses and failure to receive drafts.

47th Landwehr Division.

COMPOSITION.

─────────────┬───────────────────┬───────────────────┬───────────────────
│ 1914 │ 1915 │ 1916
─────────────┼─────────┬─────────┼─────────┬─────────┼─────────┬─────────
│Brigade. │Regiment.│Brigade. │Regiment.│Brigade. │Regiment.
─────────────┼─────────┼─────────┼─────────┼─────────┼─────────┼─────────
Infantry. │47 Ldw. │104 Ldw. │47 Ldw. │104 Ldw. │47 Mixed │104 Ldw.
│ │ │ │ │ Ldw. │
│ │106 Ldw. │ │106 Ldw. │ │106 Ldw.
│ │ │ │ │ │
─────────────┼─────────┴─────────┼─────────┴─────────┼─────────┴─────────
Cavalry. │ │ │Ldw. Sqn. 18 Uhlan
│ │ │ Rgt.
│ │ │Sqn. 21 Uhlan Rgt.
│ │ │
─────────────┼───────────────────┼───────────────────┼───────────────────
Artillery. │19 C. Dist. Landst.│19 C. Dist. Landst.│19 Ldw. F. A. Rgt.
│ F. A. Btry. │ F. A. Btry. │
│ │ │
─────────────┼───────────────────┼───────────────────┼───────────────────
Engineers and│ │ │
Liaisons. │ │ │
│ │ │
│ │ │
│ │ │
│ │ │
│ │ │
─────────────┼───────────────────┼───────────────────┼───────────────────
Medical and │ │ │
Veterinary.│ │ │
│ │ │
│ │ │
│ │ │
─────────────┼───────────────────┼───────────────────┼───────────────────
Transport. │ │ │
─────────────┼───────────────────┼───────────────────┼───────────────────
Attached. │ │ │
─────────────┴───────────────────┴───────────────────┴───────────────────

─────────────┬───────────────────┬───────────────────
│ 1917 │ 1918
─────────────┼─────────┬─────────┼─────────┬─────────
│Brigade. │Regiment.│Brigade. │Regiment.
─────────────┼─────────┼─────────┼─────────┼─────────
Infantry. │47 Ldw. │100 Ldw. │47 Ldw. │100 Ldw.
│ │ Gren. │ │
│ │104 Ldw. │ │104 Ldw.
│ │106 Ldw. │ │106 Ldw.
─────────────┼─────────┴─────────┼─────────┴─────────
Cavalry. │2 Sqn. 20 Hus. Rgt.│Staff, 20 Hus. Rgt.
│ │
│2 Ldw. Sqn. 19 C. │2 Sqn. 20 Hus. Rgt.
│ Dist. Cav. │
─────────────┼───────────────────┼───────────────────
Artillery. │Art. Command: │19 Ldw. F. A. Rgt.
│ │ (except 3d Abt).
│ 19 Ldw. F. A. Rgt.│
─────────────┼───────────────────┼───────────────────
Engineers and│447 Pion. Btn.: │6 Co. 22 Pions.
Liaisons. │ │
│ 6 Co. 22 Pions. │547 Signal Command:
│ 1 Res. Co. 22 │ 547 Tel. Detch.
│ Pions. │
│ 347 T. M. Co. │
│ Tel. Detch. │
─────────────┼───────────────────┼───────────────────
Medical and │562 Ambulance Co. │562 Ambulance Co.
Veterinary.│ │
│24 Ldw. Field │24 Ldw. Field
│ Hospital. │ Hospital.
│Vet. Hospital. │547 Vet. Hospital.
─────────────┼───────────────────┼───────────────────
Transport. │104 M. T. Col. │
─────────────┼───────────────────┼───────────────────
Attached. │136 Labor Btn. │
─────────────┴───────────────────┴───────────────────

HISTORY.

(12th and 19th Corps District—Saxony.)

1914.

The 47th Landwehr Division came from the 47th Landwehr Brigade (104th and 106th Landwehr Regiments) which was independent at first under the command of Lieut. Gen. Mueller, and was made a division in the autumn of 1915.

CHAMPAGNE.

1. Detraining at Bourcy (northeast of Bastogne) on August 18, 1914, the 47th Landwehr Brigade arrived on the Champagne front immediately after the battle of the Marne.

2. On September 14, 1914, the brigade was in line in the vicinity of Moronvilliers. It remained in Champagne until the beginning of 1917.

1915.

CHAMPAGNE.

1. About the month of May, 1915, it left the sector Prosne Moronvilliers for the north of Rheims, from Loivre to the Rheims-Witry road.

2. Reenforced by the 113th Infantry Regiment, later by the 29th Reserve Infantry Regiment, it formed the Mueller Division in October.

3. At the end of September one battalion of the 104th Landwehr Regiment was sent as a reenforcement into action south of Ste. Marie à Py to help out the 133d Reserve Infantry Regiment during the French offensive.

1916.

CHAMPAGNE.

1. The 47th Landwehr Brigade continued to occupy the Rheims sector (Courcy-Betheny) during 1916.

2. In the month of July it was made a division (47th Landwehr Division) and received a 3d Regiment, the 391st Infantry Regiment (Saxon).

1917.

OISE LA FÈRE.

1. Withdrawn from the Rheims front about February 23, 1917, the 47th Landwehr Division was sent into line west of La Fère during the retirement of the German Army to the Hindenburg Line (Quessy-Travecy, Mar. 23). It remained in the sector at La Fère until May 16.

RUSSIA.

2. In the middle of May the division was transferred to the Eastern Front, where it occupied the sector Goroditche-Tsirin. It exchanged with the 219th Division, the 391st Infantry Regiment for the 100th Landwehr Grenadier Regiment.

VALUE—1917 ESTIMATE.

The 47th Landwehr Division is a mediocre division. Its retention on the Russian front is a sufficient indication of its value.

1918.

UKRAINE.

1. In February the 47th Landwehr Division left the Tsirin region and took part in the advance into the Ukraine. On the 27th of April it was between Gomel and Briansk; on the 5th of June, in the Kiev region. It was identified in the same region several times subsequently, the last date of identification being September 30.

VALUE—1918 ESTIMATE.

The division was rated as fourth class.

48th Reserve Division.

COMPOSITION.

─────────────┬───────────────────┬───────────────────┬───────────────────
│ 1914 │ 1915 │ 1916
─────────────┼─────────┬─────────┼─────────┬─────────┼─────────┬─────────
│Brigade. │Regiment.│Brigade. │Regiment.│Brigade. │Regiment.
─────────────┼─────────┼─────────┼─────────┼─────────┼─────────┼─────────
Infantry. │95 Res. │221 Res. │95 Res. │221 Res. │95 Res. │221 Res.
│ │222 Res. │ │222 Res. │ │222 Res.
│96 Res. │223 Res. │96 Res. │223 Res. │96 Res. │223 Res.
│ │224 Res. │ │224 Res. │ │224 Res.
│ 20 Res. Jag. Btn. │ 20 Res. Jag. Btn. │ 20 Res. Jag. Btn.
─────────────┼───────────────────┼───────────────────┼───────────────────
Cavalry. │48 Res. Cav. Detch.│48 Res. Cav. Detch.│48 Res. Cav. Detch.
│ │ │
─────────────┼───────────────────┼───────────────────┼───────────────────
Artillery. │48 Res. F. A. Rgt. │48 Res. F. A. Rgt. │48 Res. F. A. Rgt.
│ (9 btries.). │ │
│ │ │
│ │ │
│ │ │
│ │ │
│ │ │
│ │ │
─────────────┼───────────────────┼───────────────────┼───────────────────
Engineers and│48 Res. Pion. Co. │48 Res. Pion. Co. │48 Res. Pion. Co.
Liaisons. │ │ │
│ │48 Res. Pont. Engs.│274 Pion. Co.
│ │ │
│ │ │(?) 2 Ldw. Pion.
│ │ │ Co. 6 C. Dist.
│ │ │248 T. M. Co.
│ │ │48 Res. Pont. Engs.
│ │ │
│ │ │
│ │ │
│ │ │
─────────────┼───────────────────┼───────────────────┼───────────────────
Medical and │ │48 Res. Ambulance │
Veterinary.│ │ Co. │
│ │ │
│ │ │
│ │ │
│ │ │
│ │ │
─────────────┼───────────────────┼───────────────────┼───────────────────
Transport. │ │ │
─────────────┴───────────────────┴───────────────────┴───────────────────