Chapter XXIII: Part 23

a pleasantly situated township, contains 1,448 acres of land, of which 381A. 3R. 21P. are in park grounds and plantations. In 1841 there were 37 houses and 159 inhabitants. Rateable value, £1,854. 16s. ACTON REYNALD HALL, the seat of Sir Andrew Vincent Corbet, Bart., is a stately pile of building in the Elizabethan style of architecture, erected of white freestone, got from quarries on the estate. The mansion exhibits the characteristic style of the period in which it was erected, and has from time to time had improvements and additions made to it, up to the year 1848. The drawing room and other apartments are magnificently furnished. It stands on a gentle eminence, and commands a most delightful view over a luxuriant and richly wooded country; the pleasure grounds are extensive, and laid out with great taste; the choicest shrubs and the most beautiful flowers are scattered in the greatest profusion, and planted in designs most admirably executed. The conservatories and greenhouses are extensive, and kept in the most beautiful order. These gardens are highly creditable to the taste and superior management of Mr. Francis Bell, the gardener. The Corbets have been seated in this county from the time of the conquest, when Roger Corbet held large possessions under the Earl of Shrewsbury, “comprising the manors of Huelbeck, Hundeslet, Actun, Terneley, and Preston. Robert, his brother, held of the same the earl manors of Ulestan, Ratlinghope, Branton, Udecote, Langedunin, Weymore, Rorenton, Middleton, and Meredon. Sir Vincent Corbet was created baronet in 1641. His widow, Sarah, daughter of Sir Robert Monson, was created Viscountess Corbet and Linchlade in 1679. Moreton Corbet afterwards became the property of Richard Corbet, Esq., of Shawbury Park, whose descendant, Sir Andrew Corbet, was created baronet 24th September, 1808.” Sir Andrew Vincent Corbet, Bart., is the principal landowner: Viscount Hill, and William Embrey Wood, Esq., are also proprietors.

Corbet Sir Richard Vincent, Bart., Acton Reynald

Corbet Vincent Rowland, Esq.

Acton James, house steward

Bell Francis, head gardener and bailiff

Blantern Robert Hardwick

Evans Thomas, coachman

Fowler John, farmer, Acton Reynald farm

Gough John, gardener

Lee Francis, farmer, New House

Lee William, farmer, Painsbrook

Minton Samuel, farmer, Woodstyle

Ratcliffe Joseph, game and park keeper

Wildblood George, steward

BESFORD,

a small township situated two miles north-west from Shawbury, contains 707A. 2R. 19P. of land, the soil of which is highly fertile, and produces good barley and wheat. In 1841 this township is returned as containing 35 houses and 167 inhabitants. It extends into the parish of Moreton Corbet, in the hundred of Pimhill. Rateable value, £1,263. 9s. Sir Andrew Vincent Corbet is lord of the manor, and owner of the whole township.

The principal residents are Joseph Taylor Reynolds Ogle, Esq.; John Powell, farmer; and William Powell, farmer.

EDGEBOLTON

is a small village pleasantly situated six miles south-east from Wem. The township contains 617A. 3R. 33P. of land, mostly an undulating district, diversified with picturesque scenery. Rateable value, £710. 14s. At the census in 1841 there were 37 houses and 199 inhabitants. The farms here are much smaller than in the neighbouring townships. Sir Andrew Vincent Corbet, Bart., St. J. C. Charlton, Mrs. Bayley, Mr. Harris, and Mr. Thomas Onslow, are the chief landowners.

The resident farmers are Samuel Alltree, William Astley, George Cartwright, John Dickin, George Done, Charles Green, John Henshaw, Thomas Onslow (and licensed victualler), Thomas Richmond, William Shuker, William Spencer, and William Tudor; John Buttery, blacksmith; John Onslow, Pool Cottage; and Thomas Ward, maltster.

MUCKLETON,

a village and township in the parish of Shawbury, seven miles south-east from Wem, contains 1,033A. 3R. 14P. of land. In 1841 there were 20 houses, and a population of 113 souls. Rateable value, £955. 1s. St. J. C. Charlton, Esq., is the landowner.

The principal residents are Richard Higginson, farmer, the Moss; Henry Lawley, farmer, the Moss; Thomas Phillips, farmer, the Moss; Richard Powell, farmer, the Hall; Richard Powell, farmer, Pool House; Thomas Pritchard, boot and shoemaker; Thomas Wellings, the Farm; and John Wright, farmer.

WYTHEFORD MAGNA

is a township and village pleasantly situated on the turnpike road from Shawbury to Wellington, seven miles north-east from Wem. The township contains 955A. 1R. 7P. of land, the soil of which is a mixture of sand and loam, or red earth. There are woods and plantations, which cover 207A. 1R. 27P. of land. In 1841 there were 18 houses and 101 inhabitants. Rateable value, £1,114. 10s. WYTHEFORD HOUSE is an ancient brick structure of considerable antiquity, now in the occupancy of Mr. William Taylor, as a farm residence. St. J. C. Charlton, Esq., and Miss Cooke, are the principal landowners.

DIRECTORY.—William Bayley, farmer and maltster; Robert Davies, farmer; Robert Hampton, farmer; Thomas Humphreys, farmer; John Stockton, farmer; and William Taylor, farmer, the Hall.

WYTHEFORD PARVA,

a small township two and a quarter miles N.E. by N. from Shawbury, contains 334 acres of land, and in 1841 had 10 houses and 44 inhabitants. Rateable value, £354. 18s. The landowners are Captain Horner, St. J. C. Charlton, Esq., and Miss Steedman.

The principal residents are Samuel Davies, wheelwright; William Davies, farmer; David Ferrington, farmer; John Jones, farmer; Peter Light, farmer; Richard Owen, farmer; Joseph Powell, farmer; and Eleanor Wainwright, farmer.

STOKE-UPON-TERN

is a parish which comprehends the townships of Stoke-upon-Tern, Eaton, Ollerton, and Wistanswick, and contains 5,602A. 2R. 26P. of land, of which 328A. 3R. 12P. are in woods and plantations, and 74A. 2R. 3P. in roads and waste. At the census in 1801 there were 626 inhabitants; 1831, 1,031; and in 1841, 1,000. Rateable value, £6,703. 4s. The village of Stoke-upon-Tern is pleasantly situated five miles S.S. by W. from Market Drayton. In 1841 the township contained 106 houses and 528 inhabitants. A. C. Heber Percy, Esq., and Richard Corbet, Esq., are the most considerable landowners in this township; Mr. William Taylor, Mr. William Meakin, Mr. Richard Whitfield, Mr. Thomas Goodall, Mr. John Heatley, Mr. Thomas Heatley, Mr. William Palmer, Sir R. Leicester, Rev. Thomas H. Jones, William Barber, Esq., John Tayleur, Esq., are also landowners. Rateable value of the township, £4,429. 7s. 6d. Stoke-upon-Terne was anciently the manor and estate of the Verdon family, and was in after times carried by marriage to the Ferrers. The village takes its name from its situation on the river Tern. THE CHURCH is an ancient structure, dedicated to St. Peter, consisting of nave, south aisle, side chapel, and chancel, with a castellated tower, ornamented with grotesque figures, and containing five bells. The side aisle is separated by pointed arches rising from octagonal pillars. At the east end of the side aisle is the Corbet chapel, built in 1782. It contains a magnificent altar tomb of alabaster, elaborately ornamented with two full length figures in the costume of the times of Sir Reginald Corbet and his lady, lying in a recumbent posture. On the sides of the tomb are figures of eleven children, six sons and five daughters, with the date when each child was born; but several of the figures have been mutilated. The children were all born between the years 1549 and 1564. Sir Reginald Corbet was a judge of the Common Pleas in the time of Queen Elizabeth. A beautiful marble tablet, very chastely designed, has been erected against the north wall, in memory of the Cotton family. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s book at £20; incumbent, Rev. John Gladstone, who resides at the RECTORY, a good residence, a little east by north from the church, rebuilt in 1844 upon the site of the old rectory. The tithes have been commuted for the sum of £949. 10s. A short distance west by south from the church, near the banks of the Tern, is an antique house, composed of timber and plaster, called PETSEY; in one of the windows is the date 1511. THE GRANGE, an extensive farm of between 600 and 700 acres, is the property of Richard Corbet, Esq., and residence of Mrs. Charlotte Lea. The Tern takes its course a little south from the church, and at the distance of about a quarter of a mile turns a corn mill.

CHARITIES.—_Andrew Turner_ left £20, the yearly interest to be expended in bread, and distributed to the poor of the parish the first Sunday in every month, after Christmas day, Easter day, and Whit-Sunday. _James Talbot_ directed twelve penny loaves to be distributed on the same day as Turner’s charity. In respect of this gift there is 15s. per annum paid out of an estate in Stoke, called The Mount. There is also paid the yearly sum of 10s., from an estate called Stoke Park, which is also distributed in bread. The parish officers are in possession of a parcel of ground, containing between two and three acres, on which a workhouse has been built, and also of about half an acre of ground, with six small tenements, and gardens attached to each. It is not known how the parish became possessed of these premises; but it is supposed that they may have been purchased with the benefactions of Thomas Burrowes, William Burrowes, and Henry Bunbury, each of whom formerly gave £50 to the poor.

EATON

is a small township, two miles and a quarter S. from Stoke-upon-Tern, which in 1841 contained 28 houses and 127 inhabitants. Rateable value, £916. 16s. The principal landowners are Mr. Robert Heatley, Mr. John Heatley, Mr. Richard Heatley, and Mr. John Topham.

OLLERTON,

a small township in Stoke-upon-Tern parish, one mile and a half S.E. from the church, in 1841 had 31 houses and a population of 135 souls. Rateable value, £735. 13s. The landowners are Viscount Hill, Mrs. Whitfield, Mr. Palmer, Mr. Pointon, and Mr. Freeman. There is a small INDEPENDENT CHAPEL here, erected in 1838. The congregation is under the pastoral care of the Rev. John Parker.

WISTANSWICK,

a township and small village, two miles N.E. from Stoke, and four miles S.W. from Market Drayton, had in 1841, 46 houses and 200 inhabitants. Rateable value, £621. 7s. The principal landowners are William Taylor, Esq., Mr. Thomas Goodall, Mr. W. Adams, Mr. William Corfield, and Mr. Robert Dawes; there are also a few smaller proprietors. THE INDEPENDENTS have a small chapel here, of which the Rev. D. Dawes is the pastor.

STOKE-UPON-TERN, EATON, OLLERTON, AND WISTANSWICK DIRECTORIES.

Adams Thomas, farmer, Petsey Stoke

Benbow William, farmer, Ollerton

Blainey James, tailor, Ollerton

Dawes Robert, farmer, Wistanswick

Davies Robert, shoemaker, Stoke

Dutton James, shoemaker, Stoke

Evenson John, butcher, Wistanwick

Gladstone Rev. John, The Rectory, Stoke

Goodall James, farmer, Stoke

Goodall John, farmer, Wistanswick

Goodall Thomas, farmer, Wistanswick

Goodall William, farmer, Wistanswick

Gosnell Edward, farmer, Wistanswick

Gosnell Thomas, farmer, Wistanswick

Green Francis, saddler and harness maker, Ollerton

Griffiths Joseph, shoemaker, Ollerton

Harding George, farmer, Stoke

Hardy Daniel, wheelwright, Ollerton

Heatley John, farmer, maltster, and corn miller, Eaton

Heatley Robert, farmer, Eaton

Heatley Richard, farmer, Eaton

Jenkins Samuel, farmer, Stoke

Juckes Henry, farmer, Stoke

Keay George, blacksmith, Ollerton

Latham Thomas, blacksmith, Stoke

Lea Charlotte, farmer, The Grange, Stoke

Lea William, farmer, Stoke

Lester Robert, farmer, Ollerton

Massey James, wheelwright, Stoke

Massey John, farmer, Ollerton

Meakin George, farmer, The Bendles, Stoke

Meakin William, farmer, Woodhouse, Stoke

Mullock William, farmer, Stoke

Palmer William, farmer, Ollerton

Parker Rev. John, Independent, Ollerton

Pears William, shoemaker and shopkeeper, Wistanswick

Phillips Thomas, farmer, Wistanswick

Pitchford Joseph, weaver, Wistanswick

Powell Edward, farmer, Stoke

Powell John, farmer, Stoke

Powell Thomas, corn miller, Stoke

Preston George, farmer, Ollerton

Preston William, farmer, Stoke

Rodgers Elizabeth, shopkeeper, Eaton

Shaw Stephen, beerhouse-keeper, Wistanswick

Simon John, farmer, Stoke

Talbot Richard, tailor, Wistanswick

Taylor William, farmer, Heathcote, Stoke

Topham John, farmer, Eaton

Walley Samuel, farmer, Stoke

Whitfield Richard, farmer, The Manor, Stoke

Williams Ann, shopkeeper, Ollerton

STANTON-UPON-HINE HEATH

is a considerable parish, which comprehends the townships of Booley, Harcourt, High Hatton, Moston, and Stanton-upon-Hine Heath, and comprises 5,490 acres of land, of which 263A. 2R. 3P. are in woods and plantations, and 35 acres in roads and waste. The soil for the most part is a mixture of sand and loam, in some parts highly fertile. The northern verge of the parish presents a bold undulating surface, and in some instances the hills rise to a considerable elevation, from which a fine view of the country is seen. The farm houses are in general well built, and provided with commodious out-premises. In 1801 the parish contained 579 inhabitants; 1831, 722; and in 1841 there were 127 houses and 669 inhabitants. The tithes are commuted for £258. 15s. The village of Stanton is pleasantly situated nine and a half miles N.E. by N. from Shrewsbury, and at the census of 1841 had 50 houses and 264 inhabitants. The township contains 1,698A. 3R. 28P. of land, of which 120A. 0R. 32P. are in plantations. Rateable value, £1,655. 2s. When the tithes were commuted for this township, £73 were apportioned to the vicar, £27. 15s. to Sir Andrew V. Corbet, Bart., and £8. to Rowland Hill. THE CHURCH, dedicated to St. Andrew, is an ancient Norman structure, with a square embattled tower at the west end, of later date, containing five bells; the pews are of oak, and have a very primitive appearance. The living is a vicarage, valued in the king’s book at £5. 10s. l0d.; now returned at £205.; in the patronage of Viscount Hill, and enjoyed by the Rev. D. Holloway, B.A., who resides at the vicarage, a plain brick structure, near the outskirts of the village. THE WOODLANDS, a delightfully situated mansion, surrounded with pleasure gardens and park-like grounds, is the residence of Mrs. F. Wood. Sir Andrew Vincent Corbet, Bart., is lord of the manor, and the principal landowner. Viscount Hill, John F. Wood, Esq., and the Rev. D. Holloway, are also proprietors. Stanton was the birth place of JOHN BOYDELL, Esq., the liberal and spirited patron of talented engravers. His father was a farmer, and his son was intended for a land surveyor; when, however, about twenty years of age, he was put apprentice to an engraver, in which art he soon excelled, and from the profits derived from the sale of a book of 152 prints, engraved by himself, he began to encourage the best English engravers, and presented the public with a series of engravings of the works of the best masters, which soon laid the foundation of an ample fortune. He was elected an alderman in 1782, sheriff in 1785, lord mayor of London in 1790, and in the same year master of the Stationers’ Company. He was the greatest encourager of the art that this country ever had, and the English engravings, which before were considered much inferior to those of foreign nations, began from that time to be highly prized; and the exportation of them became a valuable branch of commerce. He also was a great encourager of the art of painting, and to this effect he undertook the superb edition of the Shakspeare gallery, the expense of which was enormous, and more perhaps than any individual had ever before embarked for such an object. Mr. Boydell, in a letter to Sir John Anderson, says, “I have laid out, with my brethren, in promoting the commerce of the fine arts, £350,000.” To the charitable and benevolent institutions he was a generous benefactor, and an attentive guardian. He died December 12th, 1804, and his remains were interred in great funeral state, in the church of St. Olave, Jewry.

CHARITIES.—STANTON SCHOOL was endowed with £5 per annum by _Mrs. Baddiley_, in 1721, who also left £40 towards the erection of the school house. The site was given by _Sir Rowland Hill_, and nine other persons subscribed towards the building of the school the sum of £14. 11s. 6d. About twenty children now attend. The £5 per annum is paid out of lands called Chealey Meadows and Chealey Wood, in Cheshire. Mrs. Baddiley left £2. 12s. per annum for a distribution of bread to the poor. The amount is paid out of the same land, and twelve penny loaves are given in the church every Sunday.

_Richard Colley_, in 1717, left £50; _Joseph Smith_ left the interest of £20; _Richard Smith_, clerk of the parish, £2. 2s.; and _Sir Andrew Corbet_, in 1817, gave 25 guineas. These several sums, amounting to £98. 7s., together with £1. 13s. advanced from the poor rates, were placed in the hands of Sir Rowland Hill, who gave a promissory note for the amount to the churchwardens and overseers. Of the interest, £2 is laid out in bread, which is distributed every Sunday, in respect of Colley’s charity, 9s. is laid out on Christmas day, and the same sum on Good Friday, as the gifts of Richard and Joseph Smith. The remainder is given away in small sums on St. Andrew’s day.

_Thomas Harper_, in 1828, gave £150, upon trust, and directed the interest of £50 to be distributed among poor widows on St. Thomas’s day; the interest of £50 among poor men; and the profits of the remaining £50 to be paid to the master or mistress of the Sunday school at Stanton. This sum was placed in the hands of Sir John Hill, and secured by bond, bearing date September 29th, 1813. The interest is divided into three shares, and distributed according to the donor’s intentions.

Alford William, shoemaker

Astley William, farmer, Sowhatch

Besford Thomas, farmer, the Heath

Buttery William, farmer, the Heath

Faulkes William, farmer, the Heath

Ferrington James, shoemaker

Gollins William, shopkeeper, the Heath

Griffiths Thomas, farmer, the Heath

Hamer James, farmer, the Hazles

Hanmer Samuel, accountant

Hilditch John, farmer

Hollins John, vict., Lord Hill’s Arms

Holloway Rev. Dr. Jas. Thos., B.A., Vicarage

Jackson James, farmer, the Heath

Jeffries Jonas, farmer and corn miller, the Wood Mill

Jeffries William, corn miller, Stanton Mill

Lewis John, farmer, the Lodge

Massey Charles, farmer

Podmore Edward, Greenfields farm

Powell Caleb, farmer

Powell Samuel, farmer

Powell William, farmer, the Heath

Taylor John, blacksmith

Taylor Charles, shopkeeper, the Heath

Taylor John, shoemaker and shopkeeper

Thomason Richard, farmer

Tudor John, shoemaker, the Heath

Wood Mrs., Woodlands

Wood Thomas F., land and estate agent and valuer

BOOLEY, OR BOWLEY,

a township two and a quarter miles N.E. by N. from Stanton, contains, conjointly with High Hatton and Greenfields, 2,978A. 3R. 11P. of land: the soil is a mixture of sand and loam. The land in this locality has generally a bold and irregular surface; the scenery is beautifully diversified. The rateable value of Booley is £2,247, 9s. Sir Andrew Vincent Corbet, Bart., is the principal landowner, who, with St. John C. Charlton, Esq., are the impropriators of the large tithes, which are commuted for £20 for the above townships; the vicarial tithes are commuted for £78. 10s. Mr. George Dale is also a freeholder.

The principal residents are Mrs. Ann Betton; Thomas Betton, farmer; James Cadman, farmer; John Hendley, farmer; Thomas Lewis, quarry master; William Phillips, farmer; Benjamin Powell, farmer.

HARCOURT

is a small township with a few houses, picturesquely situated one and a half mile north from Stanton. The township contains 234A. 3R. 34P. of land, the owners of which are John Faulkner Wood, Esq.; Sir Andrew Vincent Corbet, Bart; and Mrs. Wood. Rateable value, £373. 16s. The rectoral tithes have been commuted for £55. 10s., of which £48 are paid to the impropriators, John F. Wood, Esq., and Sir A. V. Corbet, Bart. The vicar of Stanton receives £7. 10s. HARCOURT PARK HOUSE is a good building of stone.

The principal residents here are William Dale, farmer; The Park farm; and John Powell, The Mill.

HIGH HATTON,

a township and pleasant village, situated two and a half miles east from Stanton-upon-Hine Heath, in 1841 contained 34 houses and 201 inhabitants. The area of this township, conjointly with Booley, is 2,837A. 1R. 4P. The land is generally fertile, and there is some strong soil; in other places there is a mixture of sand and loam. Sir Andrew Vincent Corbet is lord of the manor and the principal landowner. The rent charge of this township is included in the return for Booley. Rateable value, £2,095, 1s. St. John Charlton, Esq., is the landowner.

DIRECTORY.—William Betteney, farmer; John Espley, blacksmith; John Gollins, farmer, Greenhurst; Ann Heatley, farmer; William Heatley, farmer, the Hall; William Stephen Hoole, farmer, the Wood; Ibbs Margery, farmer; Richard Rodenhurst, farmer, the Heath; Charles Taylor, farmer and shopkeeper.

MOSTON

township is situated two miles north from Stanton, and contains 639A. 0R. 23P. of land, which is the property of Viscount Hill, who is also lord of the manor. The tithes have been commuted for the sum of £16. At the census of 1841 there were 11 houses and 61 inhabitants. Rateable value £960.

The principal residents in Moston are Robert Cartwright, beerhouse keeper; Thomas Chidley, farmer; George Dale, farmer and maltster; Samuel Forrester, boot and shoemaker; William Harris, farmer; William Ikin, farmer, Pool farm.

WEM

is a market town and considerable parish, which embraces the chapelries of Edstaston and Newtown, and the townships of Ashton, Cotton, Horton, Lacon Lowe and Ditches, Northwood, part of Sleap, Soulton, Tilley and Trench, Wem and Wolverley, which together contain an area of 13,841A. 1R. 10P. of land, of which 193A. 2R. 6P. are in roads and waste. Gross estimated rental, £26,594; rateable value, £24,944. In 1841 there was a population of 3,919 souls, of whom 1,952 were males and 1,967 females, at which period there were 832 inhabited houses, 40 uninhabited, and two houses building. The tithes have been commuted for £2,100. The town of Wem is pleasantly situated near the banks of the river Roden, 11 miles north from Shrewsbury; the streets are irregularly formed, and many of the houses have an ancient appearance; there are, however, many good houses and shops, and several respectable private residences of more modern erection, particularly in those parts of the town called New-street and Islington. The township contains 1,202A. 3R. 30P. of land, of which 14A, 3R. 24P. are in roads and waste. Rateable value, £6,428. 5s. Wem is a place of considerable antiquity, and was anciently written _Wemme_. At the Domesday survey it was held by William Pantulph, or Pantulf, of Earl Roger, when there were “_four geldable hides and an airy of hawks_.” At this time most of the land about Wem lay waste, covered with a vast pool, or overgrown with woods. When William the Conqueror deprived the English of their estates he gave the greatest part of Shropshire to Roger de Montgomery, and he shared it out among the principal officers that commanded under him, on condition that they should pay him homage, fight for him, not dispose of their daughters in marriage, nor their goods by will without his leave; that their heirs whilst minors should be in wardship to him, and pay a relief for admission to their estates when they came of age. On these terms Earl Roger granted to William Pantulph 28 towns or manors in the county of Salop, whereof Wem being one of the chief places Pantulph made it his seat, and the head of his barony. In the 7th of King John, A.D. 1205, Warin Fitzgerald procured the grant of a market to be held weekly, and a fair yearly at his manor of Wemme. It has therefore been a market town 646 years. The market was then held on Sunday, as was then commonly done in other places. This continued till the 24th of Edward III, when Simon Islip, archdeacon of Canterbury, forbid the going to market on the Lord’s day for the future, and the market was subsequently held on Thursday, on which day it still continues to be held, and is numerously attended by the farmers who reside in the surrounding district. Fairs are held on the first Thursday in March, May 6th, Holy Thursday, June 29, last Thursday in September, and November 22nd.

The barony of Wem was of considerable extent; on the north it stretched to Whitchurch, on the east it took in Tilley and Cresswell, in Staffordshire, on the south it bordered on the Clive, and on the west on the parish of Ellesmere. The first baron was William Pantulph, who had great estates in Normandy, which he held of his superior lord Roger de Montgomery, a relation of one of the generals of William the Conqueror. By his tenure he was obliged to attend this Roger in war, and came over with him in the expedition against England. Shortly after the battle of Hastings Roger de Montgomery bestowed 28 manors in this county upon the said Pantulph, to be held by military service. These manors consisted of as many knight’s fees as composed a barony, the head of which Pantulph fixed at Wem, which he chose for the place of his residence. The Earl of Shrewsbury, A.D. 1102, engaged in a rebellion against the king, and required William Pantulph, his vassal, to aid him with such a number of men as he was obliged to furnish by his tenure. On his refusing he disinherited him of all his lands and possessions in Shropshire, upon which the king made him governor of Stafford Castle. The king having resolved to beseige Shrewsbury, William Pantulph attended the king on this expedition, and finding the roads bad and narrow and the country full of woods lined with archers, the king employed 6,000 soldiers in cutting down the woods and opening the roads. On the royal troops appearing before Shrewsbury the king threatened to hang all that he should take therein, and shortly after the town was surrendered. The Earl of Shrewsbury by his treason having forfeited his honour and estate to the crown the barony of Wem was henceforth held immediately by the king, and hence the lords thereof had a right to sit in the great councils of the realm. William Pantulph lived to a great age and died beyond sea. The last of this family who held the barony was William Pantulph, who died in the 7th of Henry III., A.D. 1233. About this period a perambulation was made to settle the boundaries of the manor of Wem and that of Prees; the latter belonged to the bishop of Lichfield and Coventry. On the death of the above William Pantulph, his father-in-law, Fulk Warine, gave the king 6,000 marks for the wardship of his lands and heir, with the benefit of her marriage. This Fulk was one of the barons that in 1214 confederated against King John, and who was subsequently excommunicated by the pope. On the marriage of Maud, the heiress of William Pantulph, with Ralph de Boteler, he settled at Wem, and in 1370 the barony was carried by an heiress of the Botelers into the family of Ferrars, and afterwards in like manner to the Greystocks, a noble family whose principal seat was Greystock Castle, in the county of Cumberland. Ralph Lord Greystock, the second baron of this family, left a granddaughter, who married Thomas Lord Dacre; this family had their chief seat at Dacre Castle in Cumberland. The fourth baron of this name, George Lord Dacre, being a minor at the death of his father, Thomas Duke of Norfolk obtained the wardship of him, but had not enjoyed it long before this young lord died, and his three sisters became co-heiresses. Ann married Phillip Earl of Arundle, and Elizabeth Lord William Howard, son of the Duke of Norfolk, but Mary died unmarried. Thomas Duke of Norfolk, on the death of his third wife, formed the project of marrying Mary Queen of Scotts. In the 15th of Elizabeth, however, he was beheaded for what his peers adjudged to be treason. By his attainder his eldest son Philip, having lost his titles of honour that were to have descended to him from his father, assumed the style of Earl of Arundle in right of his mother, who was daughter to Henry Fitzallan, the last Earl of Arundle of that family. In the 25th of Elizabeth the court of Wem was first called in the name of Philip Earl of Arundle, and of lady Ann, his wife. His zeal for popery, and the resentment he was supposed to entertain for the hard usage of his family, rendered him suspected by the government, and he was eventually condemned to imprisonment during the queen’s pleasure, and fined £10,000. In the 31st of Elizabeth the court at Wem was first called in the name of the queen, on account of the attainder of Philip Earl of Arundle, but as he had held the barony and manor of Wem in right of his wife, by his attainder he forfeited them only during his own life, so that on his decease they reverted to the Countess Dowager Ann, on whose death, Thomas Howard, her only son, succeeded to the dignity of baron of Wem. On the accession of James I. to the throne, this Thomas was restored in blood, with the title of Earl of Arundle and Surrey, and put in possession of the estates forfeited by his grandfather’s attainder, thus he had a great fortune by descent, and a much larger one with his wife, who was the heiress of the great house of Shrewsbury. In 1611 he was made knight of the garter, and in 1621 he was created Earl Marshall of England, with a pension of £2,000 per annum. In the 8th of Charles I. we find the court baron of Wem called in the name of the Right Honourable Thomas, Earl of Arundle and Surrey, premier, Earl of England, Lord Howard, Fitzallans, Maltravers, Mowbray, Segrave, Bruse, and Wem, Earl Marshall of England, knight of the most noble order of the garter, and one of the lords of the king’s honourable privy council. He is said to have been a proud man, and his expenses always exceeded his revenue; he was the greatest encourager of painting, sculpture, designs, carving, and building that the age produced, and he employed persons many years in Italy and Greece to collect rarities for him; his statues and paintings were equal in number and value to those in the houses of most princes, and he provided the most sumptuous and magnificent entertainments. The barony was subsequently held by the Playters, Onslows, Wycherleys, and Jeffreys. On the death of John Lord Jeffreys, in 1720, the barony and manor of Wem descended to his daughter, then a minor, and shortly after the barony of Wem and the manors of Wem and Loppington, and the land and tenements thereto, were sold to Henry Lord Newport, afterwards Earl of Bradford, for £12,000. In 1730, Lord Newport, by will, devised all his real estate, in trust, for Mrs. Ann Smith, and his natural son by her, John Harrison. He took the name of Newport; but losing the use of his reason, his mother conveyed the estate after his death to William Pulteney, Earl of Bath, from whom it has descended to the present proprietor, the Duke of Cleveland. A court leet and baron is held yearly in October. Jonathan Scarth, Esq., steward; Thomas Griffiths, bailiff. Formerly at these courts causes were tried for debts or trespass in actions under 40s.

The freeholders at Wem are numerous, among whom are William Egerton Jeffreys, Colonel Wynn, Thomas Dickin, Esq., the Trustees of Wem Free School, Jonathan Forgham, Mr. John Jenks, Mr. Craig, Mr. John Rodgers, Mary Llewellin, Mr. Wilkinson, Mr. Phillips, William Owen, Esq., William Barber, Esq., Mr. James, Mr. Leek, Mrs. Kynaston, H. J. Barker, Esq., Mrs. Burd, Mrs. Gwynn, John Everall, Esq., Mr. George Clay, Mr: Glazebrook, Mr. Ashley, Mr. Holding, Mr. Robert Gough, Mrs. Tyler, Mr. John Basnet, Mr. Snape, Mr. Edward Broomfield, Mr. Breakspear, Mr. Drury, J. H. Walford, Esq., Mr. John Boughey, Mr. Poole, and upwards of forty others.

THE CHURCH is a venerable structure dedicated to St. Peter and St. Paul, consisting of nave, chancel, and side aisles, with a heavy square tower sixty-nine feet high, in which are six musical bells; on the west side stands the statue of a man, as large as life, with a truncheon in his hand, supposed to represent Ralph, lord Greystock, baron of Wem, who probably was at the charge of building the steeple; on the east side is the statue of a lady, with the model of the church in her right hand, and a cross in her left hand. The north porch, and the lower part of the walls are built of red sand stone, coarsely worked, and are perhaps the remains of the first church erected here in Saxon times. The tower and upper part of the walls, and most of the buttresses are of the Grinshill free stone. The vestry was built before the great fire which burnt the roof, then covered with shingles, the gallery, and all the timber work, damaged the walls and melted the bells. The west window and the tower were built in 1667, and the west end of the church, the roof, and the pews, in 1678. The chancel was built about the year 1680: since that period the frequent reparations and alterations have left but little of the ancient character of the church remaining. The bells were cast in the same year, and a clock and chimes added in 1726. The communion plate are of large size, and consist of chalice, pattin, flagon, and basin, which were the gift of Gerrard Shelley, and Cicely his wife in 1707. The accommodation in the church was increased by building two new galleries, one on the north and another on the south side, and altering the pews in the old gallery at the west end in 1840, when 274 additional sittings were obtained, which are free and unappropriated, in consequence of a grant from the incorporated society for building and enlarging churches. There are also 703 appropriated sittings. There are tablets to the Smiths, Wycherleys, Fields, Traceys, and others. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s book at £26. 4s. 4½d.; in the patronage of the Duke of Cleveland, and incumbency of the Rev. John Charles D. Merest, M.A., who resides at the rectory, a pleasantly situated mansion, built by the late rector, who exchanged the old rectory, and obtained a grant from Queen Anne’s bounty, towards the erection of the present structure. Dr. Henry Aldrich, an eminent divine and polite scholar, was rector of Wem. He was born at Westminster, in 1647, and educated under the famous Busby. In 1662 he was admitted into Christ Church College, Oxford and having passed through the gradations of bachelor of arts in 1666, and master in 1669, he took orders and became an eminent tutor in his college. In 1681 he was installed canon of Christ Church, and in the same year took the degrees of bachelor and doctor of divinity. During the reign of James II. he published several tracts on the popish controversy, which are said to have shown a clearness of arguing and depth of learning far beyond anything that had at that time appeared in our language. In order to excite and cherish a taste for polite literature, he annually published some piece of an ancient Greek author, as a new year’s gift for the students of the college. He wrote a system of logic, entitled “Artis Logicæ Compendium,” Oxon, 1691, 8vo.; and “Elements of Geometry,” in Latin, never published. He was also concerned in Gregory’s Greek Testament, printed at Oxford in 1703, folio; and Havercamp’s edition of Josephus. By his skill in architecture he improved the buildings of the college; and that part of it called Peckwater quadrangle, deservedly admired, was designed by him. His abilities as a musician rank him, in the opinion of competent judges, among the masters of the science; and although he chiefly applied himself to the composition of sacred music, yet he occasionally diverted himself by producing pieces of a lighter kind. For the entertainment of smokers, to which fraternity he belonged, he composed a smoking catch, to be sung by four persons while they were smoking; and he was also the author of “Hark! the merry Christ church bells.” He died at his college in 1710, leaving an order to be buried, without any memorial, in the cathedral. “His modesty and humility, his easy pleasantry, his attention to academic business, and to the credit of his college, his exertions for the encouragement of learning, and the proofs which his memoirs afford of reputable talents, various accomplishments, and amiable qualities, unite to transmit his name with honour to posterity.” THE INDEPENDENT CHAPEL, situated in Chapel street, is a considerable building of brick, fronted with freestone. The interior has a neat and chaste appearance, and is provided with a circular gallery. It was built in 1834, and will accommodate five hundred hearers. The congregation is under the pastoral care of the Rev. Joseph Pattison. There is a Sunday school in connection with the chapel, with about 150 scholars. The Independents have another chapel in Noble street, where the Rev. John Saddler is the pastor. THE PRIMITIVE METHODIST CHAPEL is a neat structure in Chapel street; and the BAPTISTS have a chapel in Cripple street. THE IRVINGITES have a meeting house in Noble street.

THE GRAMMAR SCHOOL.—_Sir Thomas Adams_, the founder of the free school at Wem, was born in the year 1586; he was the son of Thomas Adams, a respectable tanner at Wem, who had his tan pits where the school now stands. His son received a liberal education at the university of Cambridge, and was afterwards brought up a draper in London. In 1639 he was elected sheriff of London, on which he gave up business, and devoted his time entirely to the duties of his office, and the good of the citizens. He was elected Lord Mayor of London 1645, which office he filled with the greatest disinterestedness. About this time the enemies of Charles I., who were then coming into power, thought proper to search his house, in pursuit of that unfortunate monarch, knowing his strong attachment to the royal cause; in the year 1647 he was committed to the tower, where he remained some time. He, however, continued his attachment to the royal cause, and is said to have carried his zeal so far as to have remitted ten thousand pounds to Charles II. while in exile. On the accession of that monarch to the throne, Sir Thomas was advanced to the dignity of baronet. Amongst the documents belonging to the free school there is a copy of the orders and statutes prescribed by him for the government of the same, purporting to have been made March 4, 1650. By these orders it is declared Rowland Hill, Esq., and fourteen others, should be enfeoffed of the lands and hereditaments appertaining to the school. That the said school should be for all children within the parish of Wem, except the children of those parents who being of ability should not have contributed towards the advancement of the said school. The statutes also contain regulations for the internal management of the school, and directions that prayers should be read every morning and evening, and the scholars catechised in the principles of the Christian religion. The gross annual income derived from the school property when the charity commissioners published their report amounted to £336. 15s., out of which the head master received a salary of £160 per annum, the second master £70, and the third master £70 per annum. The school is free to all boys of the parish of Wem for instruction in classics and English grammar; each scholar pays a small entrance fee, and if they learn writing or accounts they pay for such instruction from 7s. 6d. to 10s. 6d. per quarter. A portion of the income of the school arises from lands purchased by the first Feoffees of the school, who were instrumental in raising upwards of £370, which sum was laid out in the purchase of land for the general benefit of the school. The principal object of the foundation was evidently the instruction of free scholars, but when the charity commissioners published their report there were only two on the foundation, and there were only six when our agent visited Wem. The Rev. William Boulton is the head master.

THE BRITISH SCHOOL, a neat brick structure pleasantly situated, was erected in 1839, at the cost of about £800; it is capable of accommodating 200 boys and 200 girls, and consists of an upper and lower room; the latter is occupied by the boys, and the entrance is from Dark-lane, and the former by the girls, who have an entrance from Chapel street. At the present time 130 boys and 90 girls attend the school, which is chiefly self-supporting. The Privy Council on Education gave the sum of £200 towards the erection of the school. Thomas H. Taylor and Mrs. Taylor are the teachers.

THE NATIONAL SCHOOL, a commodious brick building situated in an open situation, consists of two spacious rooms, which were erected at an expense of about £1,000, including the cost of the site. Thomas Grainge and Mary Ebrey are the teachers.

THE INFANT SCHOOL, situated in Chapel-street, has an attendance of about 120. Mary Green is the teacher.

THE WEM UNION HOUSE, situated on the Whitchurch road, near to Islington, is a spacious brick structure erected to accommodate 200 inmates. The union comprehends twelve parishes, and has an area of eighty square miles. The average annual expenditure of the three, preceding the formation of the union, was £4,018. The following are the parishes in the union, viz.:—Wem, Broughton, Clive, Grinshill, Ightfield, Lee Brockhurst, Loppington, Moreton Corbet, Prees, Shawbury, Stanton upon Hine Heath, Weston under Red Castle, and Whixall. _Clerk and Superintendent Registrar_, William Owen, Esq.; _Relieving Officer_, Thomas Hanmer; _Master and Matron_, Mr. and Mrs. Rowley.

THE COUNTY COURT for law proceedings on actions and claims not exceeding £50 comprehends the following places, viz.:—Wem 4, Preston Brockhurst 3, Grinshill 4, Clive or Cliff 3, Yorton 4, Tilley 1, Sleap 2, Nunnerley 2, Loppington 3, Northwood 5, part of Whixall 8, Newtown 4, Ightfield 8, Corra 8, Prees 5, Darliston 6, Marchamley 6, Weston under Red Castle 4, Lee 3, Aston 1, Lacon 1, Edgboulton 6, Stanton 6, Shawbury 6, and Burton 6. The figures refer to the mileage from Wem. _Judge_, Uvedale Corbet, Esq., Aston Hall, near Shiffnal; _Treasurer_, William B. Collis, Esq.; _Clerk_, Henry John Barker, Esq.; _High Bailiff_, Mr. Thomas Griffiths, jun.

THE LOCK-UP is a small brick structure situated in Grove-street; prisoners on committal are sent to Shrewsbury. William Freeman is the superintendent.

THE MARKET HOUSE is a brick fabric with stone finishings, supported by arches and pillars in the front. The county court is held in the spacious room over the market. Mr. Thomas Griffiths is clerk of the markets.

THE STAMP OFFICE is in Market-street. Mr. George W. Poole, distributor.

THE EXCISE OFFICE is at Mrs. Sand’s, the White Lion Inn, High-street.

THE COURT HOUSE for magisterial purposes is situated in Noble-street; the magistrates who usually attend the petty sessions here are Sir Robert Chambre Hill, Bart.; Sir Andrew Vincent Corbet, Bart.; A. C. Heber Percy, Esq.; Thomas Dickin, Esq., and George Bowen, Esq. William Lucas, Esq., is clerk to the magistrates.

THE GAS WORKS are situated in Grove-street; they were established in 1835 by Messrs. Thomas and Burton, since which they have been transferred to the mortgagee, Mr. Craig. The gasometer will hold 4,000 cubic feet of gas. A charge of 10s. per 1,000 cubic feet is made to the consumer for this luminous vapour. Mr. John Brown is the secretary and manager.

THE NATIONAL PROVINCIAL BANK OF ENGLAND has a branch bank here, situated in High-street. Mr. John Daniel Lloyd is the manager.

The traffic of Wem is facilitated by a branch of the Ellesmere canal, which terminates near to Edstaston, about two miles from Wem. It is chiefly used for the conveyance of coal. Mr. John Brown, coal, slate, lime, and guano merchant, has a wharf here.

The Wem corn mill is an extensive modern erection of brick, situated on the river Roden; the machinery is of a superior construction; it is occasionally worked by steam power, but the water power is constructed so as to work the machinery without any delay after the rise of the water. Mr. J. Boughey is the proprietor.

The following account of the state of Wem during the civil war is chiefly extracted from Garbet’s interesting history of that town. When the war broke out in 1642 the populace were in general in favour of royalty; the persons of most distinction in the county who supported the parliament were Mr. Mitton, Mr. Mackworth, and Thomas Hunt, Esq., M.P. for Shrewsbury. The above gentlemen, attended by Richard Baxter, a famous dissenting minister, having got a small body of troops about the latter end of August, 1643, settled a garrison at Wem, being the first which the parliament had in this county. To fortify the town a rampart or wall of earth was thrown up, which began at Drayton gate, and ran along the side of Sandland’s yard, and about fourscore yards into Cordwell, where it formed an angle, defended by a wooden tower; then it turned towards the mill, crossing a meadow and a road just below Oliver’s well, and passed along the side of the parsonage garden, till it came to the Shrewsbury gate. It then crossed the alleys to the corner of the school garden, whence it turned through the tan pits on the east side of the brook to Ellesmere gate. Thence it extended along the Noble-street garden to two houses, then in the fields where a guard was kept, and from those houses to the Whitchurch gate, and thence over Shenton’s field it came up to Drayton gate. The ditch was about four yards wide and of a proportionate depth, but probably narrower in those places where the land could be flooded, for the low grounds were laid under water from Woodhouse’s croft to Cordwell. The earth thrown out of the ditch made the wall or rampart, which was strengthened by palisades placed so thick that a whole coppice in Lacon was cut down for this purpose. All the houses and buildings without the rampart were burnt to prevent their giving shelter to the enemy. As soon as the king had notice of a garrison having been placed at Wem, he sent Lord Capel to Shrewsbury, as lieutenant-general of Shropshire; the parliament sent Sir William Brereton, a Cheshire gentleman, to oppose him. Lord Capel, at the head of 5,000 men, made an attack upon Wem before its works were finished. At the same time Sir William Brereton, with his Cheshire forces, drew near the town to support and defend it. By a manœuvre Lord Capel induced General Brereton to return to Nantwich, and in the meantime he attacked Wem, which was but ill provided against an assault, the gates were without hinges, being only reared up, and only forty soldiers remained in the town, the rest of the forces consisted of the rabble of the town, among whom a number of women particularly distinguished themselves, and gave occasion for the following rhyme:—

“The women of Wem and a few musketeers,
Beat the Lord Capel and all his cavaliers.”

The principal attack was made at Drayton gate; and old Vicars, in his “God’s Ark overtopping the World’s Waters,” says, “The great slaughter and execution which were performed upon the enemy when they set upon Wem, there being six cart loads of dead men carried away at one time, besides the wounded; and as it is said, there were fifteen found buried in one grave. Little execution was done upon our men; we lost not above three in the town—Major Marcow, one soldier, and one boy.” Of the king’s party he enumerates Colonel Wynn, slain; Major Vaughan, wounded; one of Winter’s captains shot in the back; Captain Davison, taken prisoner, since dead; Captain Manley, Captain Ellis, and Colonel Scriven, wounded. As the troops of Brereton approached, Lord Capel drew off his forces and returned to Shrewsbury. In 1644 the garrison of Wem seems to have been better provided for their defence. Prince Rupert, on his march to Chester, seemed determined to attack Wem; but having taken a view of the place from the Trench farm, he slighted it, saying, “It is a crow’s nest that will not afford each of my men a piece of bread.” At this time the greater part of Shropshire was for the king; but after the fatal battle of Naseby he lost ground in almost every part of the kingdom. Major-general Mytton was governor of Wem, the garrison whereof took Ercall House, belonging to Lord Newport; Apley Castle, belonging to Mr. Charlton; Moreton Corbet House, belonging to Sir Andrew Corbet; and Shrawardine Castle, the seat of the Bromleys. The plunder brought into Wem during these unhappy disturbances contributed greatly to induce an appearance of prosperity.

The dreadful fire which happened March 3rd, 1677, is a remarkable era in the history of Wem. It was occasioned by a girl suffering a lighted caudle to ignite the thatch of her parents’ dwelling. The season being dry and the wind boisterous, the devouring flames were speedily carried along the High street, Cripple street, and the Horse Fair, consuming every edifice except the free school. In Noble street it extended as far as the Draw well house, and in Milk street as far as the Rector’s barn. The church, the market house, seven score houses, and treble the number of outbuildings were burnt. The wind blew the burning thatch and shingles to a vast distance, so that in one hour the town was completely enveloped in flames. The loss of the property consumed was estimated at £23,677. 3s. 1d.

Among the eminent individuals of which Wem has been the birth place or residence, may be enumerated the benevolent Sir Thomas Adams, before mentioned, the founder of the Grammar School. WYCHERLEY, one of the most eminent wits and comic poets of his day, was born here in 1640; he married the Countess of Drogheda, but after her death, from law suits with her relatives, he became embarrassed in his circumstances. He married a second wife a few days before his death, which happened in September, 1815. JOHN ASTLEY, Esq.: This artist, from the peculiarity of his good fortune, rather than by his exertions as an artist, has obtained a memorial in biographical history. He was born at Wem, and when of age to assume a profession he was sent to London, and placed as a pupil under Mr. Hudson; when he left him he visited Rome, and on his return from thence he went to Dublin, where he practised as a painter for about three years, and in that time acquired three thousand pounds by his pencil. On his coming over to England, and painting his way back to London, in his own post chaise, with an outrider, he loitered, with a little pardonable vanity, in his native neighbourhood, and visiting Knutsford assembly with another gentleman, Lady Daniel, a widow then present, was at once so won by his appearance, that she made arrangements to sit for her portrait, and then made him the offer of her hand; a boon which he did not think it prudent to refuse. This lady, by marriage articles, settled the whole of the Duckinfield estate upon him, after the death of her daughter by Sir William Daniel. Mr. Astley eventually became possessed of these estates, and died at his house, Duckinfield Lodge, Cheshire, November 13th, 1787, and was buried at the church in that village. JOHN IRELAND, the author of “Illustrations of Hogarth,” and other esteemed works, was also born at Wem.

CHARITIES.—_Francis Chambre_, by his will, dated December 26th, 1676, charged certain lands with the payment of 40s. per annum, to be disposed of for the benefit and repairs of the chapel at Newton, or for the augmentation of the salary of the third school-master at Wem, or to both, at the discretion of his kinsman, George Chambre of Loppington, and the Rev. William Chettoe, and their heirs for ever. The premises charged with this payment are now the property of Mr. Dickin, who pays £2 to the schoolmaster and chapel warden every alternate year.

In 1703 _Richard Corbet_, _Esq._ granted a yearly rent charge issuing out of two farms at High Hatton, and directed that £4 thereof should be laid out every alternate year in buying six cloth coats or gowns for six poor people, four to be chosen from the parish of Wem, and two from Loppington; the said persons to be housekeepers reduced to poverty by misfortune; that £4 should be laid out every alternate year in clothing three poor boys of the parish of Wem, to be set out apprentices to husbandry; that 20s. per annum be paid to a writing master for teaching four poor boys writing and arithmetic. And he further directed, that every alternate year the said rent charge of £10 should be laid out in binding two boys, of the parish of Wem, apprentices to handicraft trades. The sum of £9 to be disposed of in one year, and £11 the next year, and so on from year to year. The yearly sum of £10, with some additions thereto, varying according to circumstances, is paid by Sir Andrew Corbet, the owner of the estate at Hatton. The objects of the charity are selected by the trustees, who meet about February every alternate year for the purpose, and 21s. is paid on that day towards the expenses of such meeting.