Chapter XXII

WESTERN COLONIES OF GREECE — IN EPIRUS, ITALY, SICILY, AND GAUL.

Early unauthenticated emigration from Greece. — Ante-Hellenic
population of Sicily — Sikels — Sikans — Elymi — Phenicians. —
Œnotria — Italia. — Pelasgi in Italy. — Latins — Œnotrians —
Epirots — ethnically cognate. — Analogy of languages — Greek,
Latin, and Oscan. — Grecian colonization of ascertained date in
Sicily — commences in 735 B. C. — Cumæ in Campania — earlier
— date unknown. — Prosperity of Cumæ between 700-500 B. C. —
Decline of Cumæ from 500 B. C. — Revolution — despotism of
Aristodêmus. — Invasion of Cumæ by Tuscans and Samnites from the
interior. — Rapid multiplication of Grecian colonies in Sicily
and Italy, beginning with 735 B. C. — Foundation of Naxos in
Sicily by Theoklês. — Spot where the Greeks first landed in
Sicily — memorable afterwards. — Ante-Hellenic distribution
of Sicily. — Foundation of Syracuse. — Leontini and Katana. —
Megara in Sicily. — Gela. — Zanklê, afterwards Messênê (Messina).
— Sub-colonies — Akræ, Kasmenæ, Kamarina, etc. — Agrigentum,
Selinûs, Himera, etc. — Prosperity of the Sicilian Greeks. —
Mixed character of the population. — Peculiarity of the monetary
and statical system, among the Sicilian and Italian Greeks. —
Sikels and Sikans gradually Hellenized. — Difference between the
Greeks in Sicily and those in Greece proper. — Native population
in Sicily not numerous enough to become formidable to the Greek
settlers. — Sikel prince Duketius. — Grecian colonies in southern
Italy. — Native population and territory. — Sybaris and Krotôn.
— Territory and colonies of Sybaris and Krotôn. — Epizephyrian
Lokri. — Original settlers of Lokri — their character and
circumstances. — Treachery towards the indigenous Sikels. —
Mixture of Sikels in their territory — Sikel customs adopted. —
Lokrian lawgiver Zaleukus. — Rigor of his laws — government of
Lokri. — Rhêgium. — Chalkidic settlements in Italy and Sicily
— Rhêgium, Zanklê, Naxos, Katana, Leontini. — Kaulônia and
Skyllêtium. — Siris or Hêrakleia. — Metapontium. — Tarentum —
circumstances of its foundation. — The Partheniæ — Phalanthus
the œkist. — Situation and territory of Tarentum. — Iapygians. —
Messapians. — Prosperity of the Italian Greeks between 700-500
B. C. — Ascendency over the Œnotrian population. — Krotôn and
Sybaris — at their maximum from 560-510 B. C. — The Sybarites —
their luxury — their organization, industry, and power. — Grecian
world about 560 B. C. — Ionic and Italic Greeks are then the most
prominent among Greeks. — Consequences of the fall of Sybaris. —
Krotoniates — their salubrity, strength, success in the Olympic
games, etc. — Massalia. 349-402

CHAPTER XXIII.

GRECIAN COLONIES IN AND NEAR EPIRUS.

Korkyra. — Early foundation of Korkyra from Corinth. — Relations
of Korkyra with Corinth. — Relations with Epirus. — Ambrakia
founded by Corinth. — Joint settlements by Corinth and Korkyra.
— Leukas and Anaktorium. — Apollonia and Epidamnus. — Relations
between these colonies — Commerce. 402-410

CHAPTER XXIV.

AKARNANIANS. — EPIROTS.

Akarnanians. — Their social and political condition. — Epirots —
comprising different tribes, with little or no ethnical kindred.
— Some of these tribes ethnically connected with those of
southern Italy; — others, with the Macedonians — impossible to
mark the boundaries. — Territory distributed into villages — no
considerable cities. — Coast of Epirus discouraging to Grecian
colonization. — Some Epirotic tribes governed by kings, others
not. 411-419

HISTORY OF GREECE.