Chapter XIII: Appendix: , A

ORIGIN OF THE SPANISH LANGUAGE.

Spain and its Name 355
The Iberians in Spain 356
The Celts 357
The Celtiberians 358
The Phœnicians 358
The Carthaginians 359
The Romans 360
Their Colonies 362
Their Language 363
Their Writers 364
Christianity introduced 365
Its Effects on the Language 366
Irruption of the Northern Tribes 368
The Franks, Vandali, etc. 369
The Goths 369
Their Culture 370
Their Effect on the Language 371
The Arabs 372
Their Invasion 373
Their Effect on the Provençal 374
Their Refinement 375
The Christians and Pelayo 376
The Mozárabes 377
Their Influence 378
Their Reunion 379
The Language of the North 380
How modified 381
First written Spanish 382
Carta Puebla de Avilés 383
The Romance 384
The Spanish or Castilian 384
Materials that compose it 385
Its rapid Prevalence 386

APPENDIX, B.

THE ROMANCEROS.

Ballads on separate Sheets 388
Oldest Ballad-book 389
That of Antwerp 390
Other early Ballad-books 392
Ballad-book in Nine Parts 392
Romancero General 393
Early Selections from the Romanceros 394
Recent Selections 395
What is still wanted 396

APPENDIX, C.

FERNAN GOMEZ DE CIBDAREAL AND THE CENTON EPISTOLARIO.

Suggestions on its Genuineness 397
Probably a Forgery 398
No such Person mentioned early 398
No Manuscript of the Letters 398
Date of the earliest Edition false 398
Second Edition admits it 398
No Date to the Letters at first 399
Their Style 399
That of the First Edition 399
Misstatements about Juan de Mena 399
About Barrientos 400
About Alvaro de Luna 401
Appeared in an Age of Forgeries 402
State of the Question 403