Chapter XLIV (2)

Ziegler, Isaac, 150

Zionism, 336–7

Ziony, Israel, 423

Zirndorf, Dr. Henry, 155

Zollschan, “Das Rassenproblem,” 3

Zolotkoff, Leon, 287, 422

Zunser, ♦Eliakim, 418

Zuntz, Alexander, 105

Footnotes.

1 ‒ A remarkable work by Werner Sombart, _Die Juden and das
Wirtschaftsleben_ (Leipsic 1911), which appeared after the
above was written, deals exhaustively with the important
part which the Jews played in the development of business
and finance in medieval as well as in modern times. While
it is avowedly a partisan work written for a special
purpose, it is a notable contribution to social-economic
Jewish history which no student of the subject can afford
to neglect.

2 ‒ A fac-simile of this map is found in the “Jewish
Encyclopedia,” vol. III., opp. p. 678.

3 ‒ There is a record that it was not Columbus himself but a
sailor from Lepe who first saw a distant light and cried
“land!” and who, when he found that he had been defrauded
of the gratuity, obtained his discharge, went to Africa
and there discarded Christianity for his old faith. But
the chronicler does not inform us whether the sailor’s old
faith was Judaism or Islam.

4 ‒ This subject is treated extensively in the chapter headed
“Services rendered by the Jews to the Dutch, 1623–44,”
in Mr. Simon Wolf’s valuable work “_The American Jew as
Patriot, Soldier and Citizen_,” p. 443 ff., and in the
monogram “Damage done to Spanish Interests in America
by Jews of Holland,” which is incorporated in the
“Publications,” vol. XVII.

5 ‒ Rabbi P. A. Hilfman of Paramaribo, Surinam, in
“Publications” XVI, p. 7 ff., supplementing the chronology
made by Prof. Richard Gottheil in the same Publications at
the beginning of Vol. IV. See also Rev. J. S. Roos of the
Dutch Congreg. in Paramaribo, Ibid. Vol. XIII, pp. 126 ff.

6 ‒ Daly, “The Settlement of the Jews in North America,” p.
7 ff. The names of those early immigrants (some of them
coming from Holland about the same time) as far as can
be gathered from the records, are as follows: Abraham
d’Lucena, David Israel, Moses Ambrosius, Abraham de la
Simon, Salvatore d’Andrade, Joseph da Costa, David Frera,
Jacob Barsimson, Jacob C. Henrique (or Jacob Cohen), Isaac
Mesa and Asser Levy.

7 ‒ Judge Daly himself, however, sees no ground for inferring
that the decision proceeded from aversion. He thinks it
was simply a question of law. The law of New York colony
was especially modeled upon that of the mother country.
New York was a conquered province, and when it was taken
from the Dutch, the English mode of procedure in all
matters of law and government was introduced bodily; and
from this circumstance English forms, precedents and modes
of proceeding came into use to an extent that did not
prevail in other colonies where the people themselves
had been left to originate and frame such a system of
government and laws as was suggested by their wants
and most conducive to their interests. The Legislative
Assembly was therefore simply declaring the law as it
existed in England at that time. (l. c.)

8 ‒ Oscar S. Straus, “The Origin of the Republican Form of
Government in the United States,” p. 48.

9 ‒ See Oppenheim, “The Jews and Masonry,” in “Publications”
XIX, pp. 9 ff., for an interesting treatment of the
discussion about the authenticity of this statement.

10 ‒ For a list of their names see “Publications” XVII,
pp. 168–69.

11 ‒ Lecky, _Rationalism in Europe_, vol. II, 168, quoted in
Straus, _Origin of Republican Form of Government in the
United States_, pp. 19 _ff._, which see for an extensive
treatment of this subject.

12 ‒ Another great American clergyman, Dr. Henry M. Field
(1822–1907), who wrote about a century later, also found
in the Jewish polity much that was later adopted in the
Constitution of the United States. In his work _On the
Desert_ (New York, 1883), he says: “Perhaps it does not
often occur to readers of the Old Testament that there is
much likeness between the Hebrew Commonwealth and the
American Republic.... At the bottom there is one radical
principle that divides a republic from a monarchy or an
aristocracy; it is the natural equality of men――that “all
men are born free and equal”――which is fully recognized in
the laws of Moses as in the Declaration of Independence.
Indeed, the principle is carried further in the Hebrew
Commonwealth than in ours; for not only was there equality
before the laws, but the laws aimed to produce equality of
condition in one point, and that a vital one――the tenure
of land, of which even the poorest could not be deprived,
so that in this respect the Hebrew Commonwealth approached
more nearly to a pure democracy.” See a more extensive
quotation in Simon Wolf’s _The American Jew as Patriot,
Soldier and Citizen_, pp. 494–98.

13 ‒ A drawing of this design is printed as the frontispiece of
Mr. Straus’s above-named work.

14 ‒ See Dr. M. Kayserling. _A Memorial Sent by German
Jews to the President of the Continental Congress_, in
“Publications” VI, pp. 5–8, where it is also stated that
the letter was wrongly attributed to Moses Mendelssohn
(1729–86).

15 ‒ _The American Jew as Patriot, Soldier and Citizen_, by
Simon Wolf, edited by Louis Edward Levy, Philadelphia,
1895.

16 ‒ Aaron Levy (b. in Amsterdam, 1742; d. in Philadelphia,
1815), who was also of great assistance to the colonies in
their struggle for independence, was a partner of Robert
Morris in various enterprises in Pennsylvania. The town
of Aaronsburg, Center County, Pa., was founded by Levy
and is named after him. (See “Jew. Encyclopedia,” s. v.,
Aaronsburg and Levy, Aaron.)

17 ‒ A fac-simile of Washington’s reply is found in the “Jewish
Encyclopedia,” vol. IX, between pp. 294–95.

18 ‒ See Hyman Polock Rosenbach, _The Jews in Philadelphia
prior to 1800_, pp. 22–23, _ff._, Philadelphia, 1883.

19 ‒ See Oppenheim, The Jews and Masonry, in “Publications,”
vol. XIX, 1–94, for the sources of most of the references
to Masonry in this work.

20 ‒ A description of this highly interesting Jewish family, by
Gratz Mordecai, is found in “Publications,” VI, pp. 39–48.

21 ‒ See Max J. Kohler, _Phases in the History of Religious
Liberty in America ..._ in “Publications,” XI, pp. 53–73,
where the subject is extensively treated and the sources
are given.

22 ‒ See Jacob Ezekiel, _The Jews of Richmond_, in
“Publications,” IV, pp. 21–27.

23 ‒ See Leon Hühner, _Religious Liberty in North Carolina_,
in “Publications,” XVI, pp. 37–71, for the facts and
the sources, and also for Henry’s speech, which is too
long to be reproduced here. The speech is also found in
_Selections for Homes and Schools_, by Marion L. Misch,
pp. 305–10, issued by the Jewish Publication Society of
America in 1911.

24 ‒ See _Jewish Encyclopedia_, VIII. pp. 353–54, s. v.,
Martinique; and also Oppenheim in “Publications,” XVIII.
pp. 17–18.

25 ‒ See J. H. Hollander, _Civil Status of the Jews in
Maryland_, in “Publications,” II. pp. 33–44; the article
_Maryland_ in the “Jewish Encyclopedia” and Blum’s
_History of the Jews of Baltimore_.

26 ‒ Daly, p. 112, et seq.; see also Wolf, _Mordecai Manuel
Noah_, Philadelphia, 1897, and _Jewish Encyclopedia_,
s. v., Noah.

27 ‒ See Philipson, _The Jewish Pioneers in the Ohio Valley_,
in “Publications,” VIII, pp. 43 et seq.; also Markens,
pp. 100–104, and _Jewish Encyclopedia_, s. v. Cincinnati.

28 ‒ See Leon Hühner, _The first Jew to hold the Office of
Governor of one of the United States_ in “Publications,”
XVII, pp. 187–95.

29 ‒ The lines read as follows:

Amos and Judah――venerated names!
Patriarch and prophet, press their equal claims.
Like generous coursers running neck and neck,
Each aids the work by giving it a check.
Christian and Jew, they carry out a plan――
For though of different faith, each is in heart a man.

30 ‒ See H. Eliassof, _The Jews of Chicago_, in “Publications,”
XI, which also appeared separately.

31 ‒ See the papers contributed by Rev. Henry Cohen, of
Galveston, Tex., to the “Publications,” Vols. II, IV, V,
on the Jews of Texas (the last being on Henry Castro) and
his article “Texas” in the Jewish Encyclopedia, Vol. XII.

32 ‒ Henry S. Morais, _The Jews of Philadelphia_, p. 45.

33 ‒ The list of these members as given by J. D. Eisenstein
in his _History of the first Russian-American Jewish
Congregation_ in Publications IX, pp. 63–74, is as follows:
Benjamin Lichtenstein, Judah Middleman, Abraham Benjamin
(of Hamburg), Abraham Joseph Ash, Joshua Rothstein, Israel
Cohen, Abba Baum, David Lasky, Leib Cohen, Baruch Solomon
Rothschild, Elijah Greenstein, Feibel Philips (the scribe),
Abraham Reiner, Tobias Schwartz, Abraham Levy (of Raczki),
Hyman Harris, Leibel Raczker, Samuel Hillel Isaacs,
Jerahmel Chuck (of Berlin), Isidor Raphall and Jacob Levy.
The first twelve were the original members.

34 ‒ See A. M. Friedenberg, Publications, _Calendar of
American-Jewish Cases_, XII, pp. 87 _et seq._

35 ‒ Jost, _Neuere Geschichte der Israeliten_, ii, pp. 360–68.
See also Jacob Ezekiel, _Persecution of the Jews in 1840_,
“Publications,” VIII, pp. 141–45, and Joseph Jacobs, _The
Damascus Affair of 1840 and the Jews of America_, ibid. x,
pp. 119–28.

36 ‒ See Sol. M. Stroock _Switzerland and the American Jews_,
“Publications” XI, pp. 7–52, and Cyrus Adler, _Jews in
American Diplomatic Correspondence_, ibid. XV, pp. 25–39,
for ample treatment of the subject, including numerous
documents and copious references.

37 ‒ See Max J. Kohler in article _Antislavery Movement in
America_ in “Jew. Encyclopedia.”

38 ‒ See Markens, _Lincoln and the Jews_ in “Publications,”
XVII, pp. 10–65, for a more detailed treatment of the
subject of this chapter.

39 ‒ _The American Jew as Patriot, Soldier and Citizen_, p. 6.

40 ‒ Pierce Butler, _Judah P. Benjamin_, Philadelphia, 1907,
p. 62. This complete biographical work is the only one
of its kind written of an American Jew, and practically
supersedes all that was written about Benjamin before.

41 ‒ See Kohler, _German-Jewish Migration to America_ in
“Publications” IX, 96 ff.

42 ‒ Rev. Joseph Krauskopf, _Half a Century of Judaism in the
United States_, in “The American Jews’ Annual” for 5648,
p. 87.

43 ‒ See Dr. Isaac Rülf (1834–1902), _Die Russische Juden_,
Memel, 1892, p. 4 ff.

44 ‒ Adele Szold in _Emma Lazarus, a biographical sketch_, in
“The Hebrew Standard” for December 1, 1905.

45 ‒ See Morais, _The Jews of Philadelphia_, p. 142, and also
_Constitution of the Jewish Alliance of America_, etc.,
Philadelphia, 1891.

46 ‒ John R. Commons, in his report on “Immigration and Its
Economic Effects,” quoted in the article “Trade Unionism”
in _The Jewish Encyclopedia_, vol. XII.

47 ‒ See article “Migration” in the _Jewish Encyclopedia_,
where the figures are interesting but the sources do not
justify complete reliability.

48 ‒ See _The American Passport in Russia_ in the American
Jewish Year Book for 5665; also _The Passport Question in
Congress_, ibid. for 5670.

49 ‒ See _Abstract of the Report on Federal Immigration
Legislation_ by the Immigration Commission, issued by the
Government, Washington, 1911.

50 ‒ See his _The Jews and the American Sunday Laws_ in
“Publications,” XI, pp. 101–15 (also note ibid., XII,
pp. 171–73), and his _Sunday Laws in the United States
and Leading Judicial Decisions Having Special Reference
to the Jews_ in The American Jewish Year Book for 5669,
pp. 152–89.

51 ‒ See _Preliminary list of Jewish Soldiers and Sailors who
served in the Spanish-American War_ in The American Jewish
Year Book for 5661, pp. 525–622.

52 ‒ American-Jewish Year Book for 5661 (1900–1901).

53 ‒ See Adler, _Jews in American Diplomatic Correspondence_,
“Publications” XV, pp. 48–73.

54 ‒ Rabbi Maximilian Heller in _American Jewish Year Book_ for
5664. p. 21.

55 ‒ See Adler, _The Voice of America on Kishineff_,
Philadelphia, 1904. Among the books which appeared in
the United States on this subject are also _Russia at the
Bar of the American People_, by Isidore Singer, New York,
1904, and _Within the Pale_, New York, 1903, by the Irish
patriot, Michael Davitt, who was sent to Russia soon after
the massacre as a representative of Mr. Hearst’s papers.

56 ‒ Volume XIV of the _Publications_ is devoted to the
proceedings and the addresses of this celebration. It also
appeared in a separate volume entitled _The Two Hundred
and Fiftieth Anniversary of the Settlement of the Jews in
the United States_. New York, 1906.

57 ‒ See _American-Jewish Year Book_ for 5667, pp. 230, 233, 234.

58 ‒ See above, Chapter XXXI.

59 ‒ See Kohler in Publications IV, p. 87. See also for the
sources of this chapter “Publications” I, pp. 117–120,
and the article “Canada” in the _Jewish Encyclopedia_.

60 ‒ _Enquete sur la Population Israelite en Argentine_, in the
“Rapport de l’Administration Centrale ...” of the I. C. A.
for 1909. Paris, 1910. pp. 251–308.

61 ‒ See _Jew. Encyclopedia_, Vol. III, p. 326–27.

62 ‒ Those who want to follow up the subject, which is
by no means uninteresting, are referred to _Early
Jewish Literature in America_, by Geo. A. Kohut, in
“Publications” III, pp. 103–47, and to J. D. Eisenstein’s
_The Development of Jewish Casuistic Literature in
America_, ibid. XII, pp. 139–47.

63 ‒ See Dr. B. Drachman, _Neo-Hebraic Literature in America_,
appended to the Seventh Biennial Report of the Jewish
Theological Seminary Ass’n (New York, 1900).

64 ‒ The figures are based on the exhaustive though necessarily
incomplete _Directory of Jewish Local Organizations in
the United States_, which appeared in the “American-Jewish
Year Book” for 5668 (published in 1907), and allowance
must be made for some omissions, as well as for increases
in the last five years.

* * * * * *

Transcriber’s note:

Punctuation has been standardized.

This book was written in a period when many words had not become
standardized in their spelling. Words may have multiple spelling
variations or inconsistent hyphenation in the text. These have
been left unchanged unless indicated with a Transcriber’s Note.

The alphabetical order of the Index has been corrected but the
references have not been checked for accuracy.

The following corrections have been made in the text:

Page ix:
Sentence starting: Jews in Brazil after the....
– ‘Paramaraibo’ replaced with ‘Paramaribo’
(The community of Paramaribo)
– ‘Nasi’ replaced with ‘Nassi’
(David Nassi and the colony)

Page xxi:
Sentence starting: Jews fight on the Loyalist....
– ‘Popineau’s’ replaced with ‘Papineau’s’
(against Papineau’s rebellion)

Page 14:
Sentence starting: This view was supported....
– ‘Manasse’ replaced with ‘Manasseh’
(than Manasseh Ben Israel)

Page 21:
Sentence starting: As early as 1511....
– ‘Juanna’ replaced with ‘Juana’
(Queen Juana of Castille)

Page 26:
Sentence starting: When this order arrived....
– ‘Gonzolo’ replaced with ‘Gonzalo’
(Gonzalo de Luna)

Page 38:
Sentence starting: ....
– ‘Parahibo’ replaced with ‘Parahiba’
(Rio de Janeiro and Parahiba.)

Page 41:
Sentence starting: Jews in Brazil after the....
– ‘Paramaraibo’ replaced with ‘Paramaribo’
(The community of Paramaribo)
– ‘Nasi’ replaced with ‘Nassi’
(David Nassi and the colony)

Page 45:
Sentence starting: The Jews of Surinam were....
– ‘Calaby’ replaced with ‘Calabi’
(Israel Calabi Cid)

Page 48:
Sentence starting: In 1772 Noah Isaaks....
– ‘Noach’ replaced with ‘Noah’
(In 1772 Noah Isaaks)

Page 50:
Sentence starting: The most prominent Jewish....
– ‘De’ replaced with ‘Da’
(David Da Costa)

Page 51:
Sentence starting: The land assigned to them....
– ‘Willemstad’ replaced with ‘Willemsted’
(present district of Willemsted)

Page 56:
Sentence starting: Special taxes continued....
– ‘some’ replaced with ‘same’
(on the same scale)

Page 58:
Sentence starting: In 1668 Solomon Gabay Faro....
– ‘Gomes’ replaced with ‘Gomez’
(David Gomez Henriques)

Page 76:
Sentence starting: Barnard Gratz and his brother....
– ‘Amreica’ replaced with ‘America’
(came to America about 1755)

Page 78:
Sentence starting: Several other Jews rendered....
– ‘renderd’ replaced with ‘rendered’
(Several other Jews rendered)

Page 85:
Sentence starting: The separation of Church and....
– ‘seperation’ replaced with ‘separation’
(The separation of Church and)

Page 93:
Sentence starting: Abraham Pinto was a member....
– ‘it’ replaced with ‘is’
(of whom it is not certain)

Page 94:
Sentence starting: In 1782 Sheftal appeared....
– ‘pariot’ replaced with ‘patriot’
(the haven for patriot refugees)

Page 97:
Sentence starting: His son, Haym M. Salomon....
– ‘Hyam’ replaced with ‘Haym’
(His son, Haym M. Salomon)
Sentence starting: William Salomon (b. in....
– ‘Hyam’ replaced with ‘Haym’
(great-grandson of Haym Salomon)

Page 115:
Sentence starting: In a letter to Madison....
– ‘propogated’ replaced with ‘propagated’
(and propagated with enthusiasm)

Page 134:
Sentence starting: He was also president....
– ‘Berith’ replaced with ‘B’rith’
(into a B’nai B’rith lodge)

Page 148:
Sentence starting: In that capacity they bought....
– ‘Hyam’ replaced with ‘Haym’
(that of Haym Harris)

Page 151:
Sentence starting: The “Kehillah Anshe Maarab”....
– ‘Kehilat’ replaced with ‘Kehillah’
(The “Kehillah Anshe Maarab”)

Page 152:
Sentence starting: The Hebrew Relief Association....
– ‘Greenbaum’ replaced with ‘Greenebaum’
(Henry Greenebaum (b. in Germany, 1833))

Page 175:
Sentence starting: He gave up the rabbinate....
– ‘rabinate’ replaced with ‘rabbinate’
(He gave up the rabbinate)

Page 177:
Sentence starting: He also participated in the rabbinical....
– ‘bcome’ replaced with ‘become’
(to become rabbi of)

Page 180:
Sentence starting: For some time he acted....
– ‘Penteteuch’ replaced with ‘Pentateuch’
(began a translation of the Pentateuch)

Page 184:
Sentence starting: Benjamin Szold (b. in Hungary, 1829....
– ‘consevative’ replaced with ‘conservative’
(a more conservative course)

Page 185:
Sentence starting: His work “Die Lage der Juden in Polen”....
– ‘appeard’ replaced with ‘appeared’
(which appeared anonymously)

Page 236:
Sentence starting: Max Einstein (b. in Würtemberg....
– ‘Würtemburg’ replaced with ‘Würtemberg’
(Max Einstein (b. in Würtemberg)

Page 237:
Sentence starting: Another New York Jew....
– ‘Colonal’ replaced with ‘Colonel’
(Lieutenant-Colonel Leopold C. Newman)

Page 252:
Sentence starting: Kehillah Anshe Maarab of Chicago....
– ‘Kehillat’ replaced with ‘Kehillah’
(Kehillah Anshe Maarab of Chicago)

Page 255:
Sentence starting: M. Anatole Leroy-Beaulieu....
– ‘Polland’ replaced with ‘Poland’
(emigrants from Russian-Poland)
Sentence starting: The great anti-Jewish riot....
– ‘cosiderable’ replaced with ‘considerable’
(followed by considerable emigration)

Page 259:
Sentence starting: His brother-in-law, Kasriel H. Sarasohn....
– ‘Sarahson’ replaced with ‘Sarasohn’
(His brother-in-law, Kasriel H. Sarasohn)

Page 266:
Sentence starting: (See _Jewish Encyclopedia_....
– ‘Henriette’ replaced with ‘Henrietta’
(by Miss Henrietta Szold.)

Page 269:
Sentence starting: Before the colony was fairly....
– ‘Missiouri’ replaced with ‘Missouri’
(farmers in Kansas and Missouri.)

Page 277:
Sentence starting: The “landsleut” meet there....
– ‘landsleute’ replaced with ‘landsleut’
(The “landsleut” meet there)

Page 285:
Sentence starting: In the last few years....
– ‘wealtheir’ replaced with ‘wealthier’
(older and wealthier members)
Sentence starting: But no one would think now....
– ‘snyagogue’ replaced with ‘synagogue’
(the position of a synagogue)

Page 290:
Sentence starting: When the great pressure....
– ‘somehwat’ replaced with ‘somewhat’
(had somewhat relaxed)

Page 291:
Sentence starting: A large majority consists of....
– ‘precense’ replaced with ‘presence’
(and demands their presence)

Page 295:
Sentence starting: The second, The Jewish Publication Society....
– ‘Maritz’ replaced with ‘Moritz’
(and Moritz Ellinger)

Page 296:
Sentence starting: The World’s Columbian Exposition....
– ‘on’ replaced with ‘an’
(offered the Jews an opportunity)

Page 305:
Sentence starting: Some of the best known....
– ‘Sosnitz’ replaced with ‘Sossnitz’
(the philosopher Joseph Loeb Sossnitz)

Page 314:
Sentence starting: It continues that even....
– ‘arguments’s’ replaced with ‘argument’s’
(for the argument’s sake)

Page 335:
Sentence starting: It was in these countries....
– ‘umost’ replaced with ‘utmost’
(exploited to the utmost extent)

Page 379:
Sentence starting: The Young Men’s Hebrew....
– duplicated word removed ‘’
– ‘cannoot’ replaced with ‘cannot’
(people who cannot utilize)

Page 380:
Sentence starting: Jews fight on the Loyalist side....
– ‘Popineau’ replaced with ‘Papineau’
(against Papineau’s rebellion)

Page 382:
Sentence starting: The Rev. Jacob Raphael Cohen....
– ‘Mickveh’ replaced with ‘Mickweh’
(rabbi of Congregation Mickweh Israel)

Page 386:
Sentence starting: Besides the towns mentioned....
– ‘Ottowa’ replaced with ‘Ottawa’
(Ottawa, Quebec, Regina)

Page 390:
Sentence starting: Despite the friction which....
– ‘succsssful’ replaced with ‘successful’
(are successful and their future)

Page 393:
Sentence starting: According to the writers of the....
– ‘Maranos’ replaced with ‘Marranos’
(formerly as Marranos)

Page 397:
Sentence starting: A picture which he exhibited....
– ‘Luxemburg’ replaced with ‘Luxembourg’
(for the Luxembourg gallery)

Page 400:
Sentence starting: Jacob H. Hollander....
– ‘emonomy’ replaced with ‘economy’
(professor of political economy)

Page 401:
Sentence starting: Professor Edwin R. A. Seligman....
– ‘subect’ replaced with ‘subject’
(standard works on the subject)

Page 406:
Sentence starting: According to Mr. Eisenstein....
– ‘Josep’ replaced with ‘Joseph’
(Rabbi Joseph Moses Aronson)

Page 409:
Sentence starting: The _Hekal ha-Ibriyah_....
– ‘Ettelsohn’ replaced with ‘Ettelson’
(edited by N. B. Ettelson)

Page 414:
Sentence starting: Morris Phillips (1834–1904)....
– ‘Omoha’ replaced with ‘Omaha’
(died in Omaha, Neb.)

Page 417:
Sentence starting: _The New Era Illustrated Magazine_....
– ‘Mabazine’ replaced with ‘Magazine’
(_The New Era Illustrated Magazine_)

Page 423:
Sentence starting: The conservative _Volksfreund_....
– ‘Josephr’ replaced with ‘Joseph’
(edited by Joseph Selig Glick)

Page 427:
Sentence starting: Not only the proportion....
– ‘proporton’ replaced with ‘proportion’
(Not only the proportion)

Page 428:
Sentence starting: There is, therefore, every reason....
– ‘Jewisht’ replaced with ‘Jewish’
(set the Jewish house)

Index Abramowitz, Rev. Herman:
– ‘Abramovitz’ replaced with ‘Abramowitz’
(Abramowitz, Rev. Herman)

Index Andrade, Salvatore d’:
– ‘Salvator’ replaced with ‘Salvatore’
(Andrade, Salvatore d’)

Index Anixter, Rabbi Eliezer:
– ‘Elizer’ replaced with ‘Eliezer’
(Anixter, Rabbi Eliezer)

Index Ashkenazi, Dr. Herbert:
– ‘Ashkenazy’ replaced with ‘Ashkenazi’
(Ashkenazi, Dr. Herbert)

Index Barsimson, Jacob:
– ‘Barsimon’ replaced with ‘Barsimson’
(Barsimson, Jacob)

Index Bender, Canada:
– ‘Bendor’ replaced with ‘Bender’
(Bender, Canada)

Index Bennett, James Gordon:
– ‘Bennet’ replaced with ‘Bennett’
(Bennett, James Gordon)

Page Bernal, physician:
– ‘Beral’ replaced with ‘Bernal’
(Bernal, physician)

Index Campanall, Mordecai:
– ‘Campanell’ replaced with ‘Campanall’
(Campanall, Mordecai)

Index Caseras, Henrique de:
– ‘Caseres’ replaced with ‘Caseras’
(Caseras, Henrique de)

Index Chuck, Jerahmel:
– ‘Jerahmeel’ replaced with ‘Jerahmel’
(Chuck, Jerahmel)

Index Cone, Ceasar:
– ‘Cesar’ replaced with ‘Ceasar’
(Cone, Ceasar)

Index Cordoza, Hakam de:
– ‘Cordova’ replaced with ‘Cordoza’
(Cordoza, Hakam de)

Index Coutinho, Henriques:
– ‘Henriquez’ replaced with ‘Henriques’
– add missing page reference ‘51’
(Coutinho, Henriques, 51)

Index Coutinho, Isaac Jerajo:
– ‘Jeraso’ replaced with ‘Jerajo’
(Coutinho, Isaac Jerajo)

Index Cresques, Jafuda:
– ‘Cresquas’ replaced with ‘Cresques’
– ‘Jafudah’ replaced with ‘Jafuda’
(Cresques, Jafuda)

Index Cufo:
– ‘Cuffo’ replaced with ‘Cufo’
(Cufo)

Index Dungan, Irvine:
– ‘Dongan’ replaced with ‘Dungan’
(Dungan, Irvine)

Index Falmouth, Jamaica:
– ‘Fallmouth’ replaced with ‘Falmouth’
(Falmouth, Jamaica)

Index Faro, Solomon Gabay:
– ‘Gabbay’ replaced with ‘Gabay’
(Faro, Solomon Gabay)

Index Fishman, William:
– ‘Fischman’ replaced with ‘Fishman’
(Fishman, William)

Index Ford――Committee on Immigration:
– ‘Immigation’ replaced with ‘Immigration’
(Ford――Committee on Immigration)

Index Frazon or Frazier, Joseph:
– ‘Frazen’ replaced with ‘Frazon’
(Frazon or Frazier, Joseph)

Index Freiberg, J. Walter:
– ‘Friberg’ replaced with ‘Freiberg’
(Freiberg, J. Walter)

Index Friedlaender, Dr. Israel:
– ‘Friedländer’ replaced with ‘Friedlaender’
(Friedlaender, Dr. Israel)

Index Gliddon, John:
– ‘Glidden’ replaced with ‘Gliddon’
(Gliddon, John)

Index Hackenburg, Wm. B.:
– ‘Hackenberg’ replaced with ‘Hackenburg’
(Hackenburg, Wm. B.)

Index Harris, Asher Lemil:
– ‘Lemel’ replaced with ‘Lemil’
(Harris, Asher Lemil)

Index Hendricks, Benjamin:
– Page reference added ‘70’
(Hendricks, Benjamin, 70)

Index Heydenfeldt, Elkan:
– ‘Elkam’ replaced with ‘Elkan’
(Heydenfeldt, Elkan)

Index Heister, Gen.:
– ‘Heyster’ replaced with ‘Heister’
(Heister, Gen.)

Index Iliowizi, Rabbi Henry:
– ‘Illiowizi’ replaced with ‘Iliowizi’
(Iliowizi, Rabbi Henry)

Index Illan, Jaude:
– ‘Illon’ replaced with ‘Illan’
(Illan, Jaude)

Index Jaffe, Rabbi Shalom Elhanan:
– ‘Elchanan’ replaced with ‘Elhanan’
(Jaffe, Rabbi Shalom Elhanan)

Index Joffe, Joshua A.:
– ‘Jaffe’ replaced with ‘Joffe’
(Joffe, Joshua A.)

Index Kohler, Max J.:
– the 2nd (note) is on page 207 instead of 243
(207 (note), 243,)

Index Lasky, David:
– ‘Laski’ replaced with ‘Lasky’
(Lasky, David)

Index Manasseh ben Israel:
– ‘beu’ replaced with ‘ben’
(Manasseh ben Israel)

Index Manso, Bishop Alphonso:
– ‘Mansa’ replaced with ‘Manso’
(Manso, Bishop Alphonso)

Index Margolies, Rabbi M. Z.:
– ‘Margolis’ replaced with ‘Margolies’
(Margolies, Rabbi M. Z.)

Index Mesia, Daniel:
– ‘Mesya’ replaced with ‘Mesia’
(Mesia, Daniel)

Index Montevido, Uruguay:
– ‘Montevideo’ replaced with ‘Montevido’
(Montevido, Uruguay)

Index Montego Bay, Jamaica:
– ‘Montigo’ replaced with ‘Montego’
(Montego Bay, Jamaica)

Index Neumann, Dr. S.:
– ‘Neuman’ replaced with ‘Neumann’
(Neumann, Dr. S.)

Index Newburg, P.:
– ‘Newberg’ replaced with ‘Newburg’
(Newburg, P.)

Index Newburger, Morris:
– ‘Newberger’ replaced with ‘Newburger’
(Newburger, Morris)

Index Parahiba, Brazil:
– ‘Parahibo’ replaced with ‘Parahiba’
(Parahiba, Brazil)

Index Parra, La:
– ‘Para’ replaced with ‘Parra’
(Parra, La)

Index Pelatas, Brazil:
– ‘Pellatas’ replaced with ‘Pelatas’
(Pelatas, Brazil)

Index Perreira, Isaac:
– ‘Pereire’ replaced with ‘Perreira’
(Perreira, Isaac)

Index Philipson, Rev. David:
– ‘Phillipson’ replaced with ‘Philipson’
(Philipson, Rev. David)

Index Phillips, Col. Frederick:
– ‘Philipps’ replaced with ‘Phillips’
(Phillips, Col. Frederick)

Index Pinelo, Francisco:
– ‘Pinalo’ replaced with ‘Pinelo’
(Pinelo, Francisco)

Index Porto Alegra, Brazil:
– ‘Alegro’ replaced with ‘Alegra’
(Porto Alegra, Brazil)

Index Reisen, A.:
– ‘Reisin’ replaced with ‘Reisen’
(Reisen, A.)

Index Rindskopf, Löbl:
– ‘Löbel’ replaced with ‘Löbl’
(Rindskopf, Löbl)

Index Rivera, Jacob Rodrigues:
– ‘Rievera’ replaced with ‘Rivera’
(Rivera, Jacob Rodrigues)

Index Sarasohn, Kasriel H.:
– ‘Kesriel’ replaced with ‘Kasriel’
(Sarasohn, Kasriel H.)

Index Schaikewitz, N. M. (Shomer):
– ‘Schomer’ replaced with ‘Shomer’
(Schaikewitz, N. M. (Shomer))

Index Schwartz, Tobias:
– ‘Schwarz’ replaced with ‘Schwartz’
(Schwartz, Tobias)♦

Index Shaftesbury, Lord:
– Page reference added ‘344’
(Shaftesbury, Lord)♦

Index Shasta, Cal.:
– ‘Sasta’ replaced with ‘Shasta’
(Shasta, Cal.)

Index Sherbrooke, Canada:
– ‘Sherbrook’ replaced with ‘Sherbrooke’
(Sherbrooke, Canada)

Index Sossnitz, Jos. L.:
– ‘Sosnitz’ replaced with ‘Sossnitz’
Sossnitz, Jos. L.()

Index Weinshel, Hayyim:
– ‘Weinschel’ replaced with ‘Weinshel’
– ‘Hayim’ replaced with ‘Hayyim’
(Weinshel, Hayyim)

Index Wistar, William:
– ‘Wister’ replaced with ‘Wistar’
(Wistar, William)

Index Wolff, J. Meyer:
– ‘Woolff’ replaced with ‘Wolff’
(Wolff, J. Meyer)

Index Zunser, Eliakim:
– ‘Eliakum’ replaced with ‘Eliakim’
(Zunser, Eliakim)