Chapter XLII: Appendix: Note (3)

MARTIN, LUTHER, views of, respecting Constitution, II. 92, 121;
rule of suffrage for House of Representatives, 135;
manner of voting in Senate, 186.
Motion of, respecting admission of States, 354.
Supremacy of Constitution, &c. proposed by, 374.
Great opposition of, to Constitution, 484, 512.
Communication of, to legislature of Maryland, 512;
chief ground of, 513.

MARTINDALE, captain in the Revolutionary naval force, I. 74.

_Maryland_, a proprietary government, I. 5.
Constitution of, formed, 122.
Remonstrates against the claims to Western lands, 131, 421.
Ratifies the Constitution, 136.
Action of, commended, 138.
Appoints and instructs delegates to the Convention, 369.
Action of, upon the Articles of Confederation, 501.
Delegates from, divided in opinion, II. 121.
Divided on question of national legislature, 133;
equality of suffrage in House of Representatives, 138.
In favor of equal representation of States in Senate, 141, 165.
Had six representatives in first House, 149.
Opposed to census of free inhabitants, 153;
executive holding office during "good behavior," 173.
In favor of referring Constitution to State legislatures, 184;
each State having one vote in Senate, 186, 227.
Vote of, respecting citizenship, as qualification for office, 209;
money bills, 216, 218.
Opposed to nine years' citizenship as qualification of senator, 224;
taxing exports, 296.
Vote of, respecting slave-trade, 305;
admission of States, 354.
Action of legislature of, respecting Constitution, 511.
Convention of, to vote on Constitution, 514;
importance of action of, 542;
efforts made in, to amend Constitution, defeated, 543.

MASON, GEORGE, views of, respecting Constitution, II. 123.
Objections of, to compound ratio of representation, 151.
Views of, respecting money bills, 218.
Opposed to tax on exports, 294.
Proposition of, to restrain grants of perpetual revenue, 319.
Views of, respecting militia, 337.
Refused to sign Constitution, why, 485, 509.
Great ability of, 505.
Opposed to Constitution, 505.
In favor of submitting Constitution to people of Virginia, 509.
Arguments of, against Constitution, in Virginia convention, 557.

_Massachusetts_, a charter government, I. 5.
Provincial governor of, appointed by the crown, 5.
Council of, chosen by Assembly, 5.
Representatives of, chosen by the people, 5.
Appoints delegates to first Continental Congress, 12.
Colonial government of, how ended, 25.
Provincial Congress of, how formed, 26.
Authority assumed by Provincial Congress, 26.
Applies to the Continental Congress, for direction and assistance,
31;
about government, 32.
Army raised by, in 1775, 31.
Issues letters of marque and reprisal, 75.
Establishes prize court, 75.
Money borrowed of, by General Washington, 80.
Constitution of, formed, 121.
Objections of, to the half-pay, 191;
answered by Madison, 193.
Act of, concerning British debts, 253.
Constitution of, dangers to which it was exposed, 263.
Insurrection in, 266, II. 83.
Disaffection in, extensive, I. 273.
Cedes claims to Western Territory, 300.
Proceedings of, respecting a general Convention, 334.
Condition of the trade of, in 1785-86, 335.
Legislature of, proposes a general Convention, 336;
resolutions of, not presented to Congress, 337.
Resolution of, for a general Convention, 361.
Appoints and instructs delegates to the Convention, 369.
Opposed to equality of suffrage in House of Representatives, II.
138;
equal representation of States in Senate, 141, 217.
Divided on question of equal vote of States in Senate, 148, 165.
Had eight representatives in first House, 149.
In favor of census of free inhabitants, 153.
Opposed to executive holding office during "good behavior," 173.
Qualifications of voter in, 188.
In favor of property qualification for national officers, 204.
Vote of, respecting citizenship as qualification for office, 209;
money bills, 216, 218.
Opposed to nine years' citizenship as qualification of Senator, 224;
each State having one vote in Senate, 227.
Sentiments of, respecting holding of office by members of Congress,
249.
In favor of States paying members of Congress, 259.
Opposed to taxing exports, 296.
Vote of, respecting slave-trade, 305.
Slavery in, as early as 1630, 454.
Parties in, for and against Constitution, 501.
Reception of Constitution in, 501.
Convention in, to vote on Constitution, 502, 530.
Formidable opposition to Constitution in convention of, 529.
High rank of, 530.
Vacillation of, 530.
Revolutionary history of, 530.
Anxiety respecting action of, on Constitution, 531.
Insurrection in, effect of, 531.
Constitution exposed to peculiar hazard in, 531;
ratified in, by compromise, 531.
Constitution of, excellence of, 531.
Parties in convention of, 532.
Convention in, amendments to Constitution recommended by, 532, 538,
539;
opponents of Constitution in, 533, 534;
eminent men in, 534.
Probable disastrous effects of rejection of Constitution by, 535.
Convention of, proceedings in, 536;
discussion in, respecting Hancock's amendments to Constitution,
538;
patriotic conduct of, 539.
Enthusiasm kindled by action of, 541.

MAZZEI, PHILIP, letter to, by Madison, I. 431.

MCKEAN, THOMAS, views of, respecting Constitution, II. 523.
Public services of, 524.

MIFFLIN, General, sent by Washington to the Congress, I. 98.

_Military Posts_, retained by the British after the treaty, I. 256,
259.

_Militia_, relation of, to the Continental Congress, I. 35.
Committee on, II. 319.
Of States, power of general government over, 334;
inefficient as troops in Revolution, 334;
lack of uniformity among, 335;
power of general government over, necessary, 336;
how to be disciplined, 337;
when Congress may call forth, 338;
President commander-in-chief of, 413;
cannot call out without authority of Congress, 413.

_Ministers._ See _Ambassadors_.

_Mint_, establishment of, I. 444.

_Mississippi River_, controversy and negotiations respecting
navigation of, I. 310;
referred to the new government, 327.
Navigation of, a topic of opponents of Constitution in Virginia
convention, II. 565;
Madison's views respecting, 567.

_Mississippi Valley_, people of, spirit of the, I. 319;
retaliate upon the Spanish authorities, 322;
form committees, &c., 323.

_Monarchical Government_, dangers of attempting to establish, I. 370.

_Monarchy_, detested by people of United States, II. 237, 492.
Proposed, rumors of, 492.
Attempt to introduce, averted by Constitution, 494.

_Money_, power to coin, given to Congress, II. 328;
borrow, and emit bills, 328.

_Money Bills_, Originated by House of Representatives, II. 146.
Provision concerning, objected to, 147;
origin of, 214.
Originated by House of Commons, 216.
Hallam's discussion respecting, 216.
Vote of States respecting, 216.
Different propositions in Convention respecting, 219.
May be amended in Senate, 222.

MONTESQUIEU, political discussions of, alluded to, I. 377.

MORRIS, GOUVERNEUR, Enters the Revolutionary Congress, I. 127.
Birth of, 440.
Public services of, 440.
Chosen Assistant Financier, 443.
Author of the decimal notation, 443.
Prepares the text of the Constitution, 444.
Character of, 444.
First Minister to France, 447.
Senator from New York, 447.
Invited to write in The Federalist, 447.
Death of, 447.

Action of, respecting change in rule of suffrage, II. 36.
A member of committee to apportion representatives, 148.
Views of, respecting Atlantic and Western States, 152;
respecting compound ratio of representation, 152.
Proviso of, respecting taxation and representation, 158.
Views of, respecting choice of executive, 174.
Remarks of, respecting slave-trade, 281.
In favor of tax on exports, 284.
Views of, on concession to Southern States, 293.
Committee of compromise proposed by, 301.
Proposition of, respecting vacant lands, 355.

MORRIS, ROBERT, on a committee to inform Washington of extraordinary
powers, I. 101.
Laments the absence of some great revolutionary characters, 104.
Appointed Superintendent of Finances, 174.
Resignation of, 198.

_Mutiny_, at Philadelphia, of federal troops, I. 220.

N.

_Natchez_, seizure of property at, by Spanish authorities, I. 318.

_National Government_, how distinguished from "federal," II. 33.
Necessities of, 34.
To be kept distinct from State governments, 37.
By what States preferred, 117.
Arguments in favor of, 122;
theoretically sound, 126;
strengthened by facts of previous history, 127.
Supposed tendency of, to absorb State sovereignties, 128.
Self-defence a principal object of, 292.

_National Legislature_, how to be constituted, II. 35.
Divided into two branches, 36.
Representation in, diverse views respecting, 36;
as affected by State interests, 43;
difficulty in fixing ratio of, 43.
Unanimity respecting powers of, in Convention, 50.
Negative by, on State legislatures, proposed, 51.
Must operate directly on people, 63.
Proposed powers of, 65.

_Naturalization_, a subject of solicitude, II. 196.
Formerly a State power, 198, 199.
A proper subject of constitutional provision, 200.
Power of, transferred from State to national government, 201.
Views of Hamilton and Madison respecting, 205.
Embarrassments of subject, 205.
Uniform rule of, power to establish, given to Congress, 328.

_Naval Force_, employment of, in Massachusetts Bay, I. 73.

_Navigation Act_, report of committee of detail respecting, II. 290,
301.
Position of Southern States respecting, 297.
Two-thirds vote proposed by them to be required for, 299.
Interest of different States respecting, 301.
Passage of, by majority, agreed to, 304.

_Navy_, origin of the Revolutionary, I. 73.
Want of, II. 298.
Power of Congress to provide and maintain, 334;
to make rules for, 334.
Power of President to employ, 413.
President commander-in-chief of, 413.

_Newark_, Washington's evacuation of, I. 98.

_Newburgh Addresses_, authorship and style of, I. 168.
Copy of, sent to the States, 177.
Note on, 194.

_New England_, confederation of, in 1643, II. 453.

_New Hampshire_, a provincial government, I. 4.
Ante-Revolutionary government of, 4.
Constitution of, formed, 119.
Appoints and instructs delegates to the Convention, 369.
Late attendance of, in Convention, II. 24.
Had three representatives in first House, 149.
In favor of property qualification for national officers, 204.
Vote of, respecting citizenship, as qualification for office, 209;
respecting money bills, 218;
respecting slave-trade, 305.
In favor of taxing exports, 296.
Vote on Constitution in, postponed, why, 510;
effect of, on parties in Virginia, 510.
Population of, easily led to oppose Constitution, 514.
Convention of, to vote on Constitution, 514;
members of, instructed to reject Constitution, 529;
amendments presented to, 541;
majority of, at first opposed to Constitution, 541;
adjournment of, effect of, 541.
Action of Federalists of, 541.
Convention of, meets, on adjournment, 549;
anxiety respecting action of, 549.
Ratification of Constitution by, 573.
Ninth State to ratify Constitution, 578.

_New Jersey_, a provincial government, I. 4.
Washington's retreat through, 97.
Constitution of, formed, 122.
Proposal of, in 1778, for the regulation of commerce, 129.
Resists the claim of great States to Western lands, 131.
Ratifies the Confederation, 135.
Action of, commended, 138.
Attempts to pay its quotas in paper money, 242.
Recommends the regulation of commerce, 277.
Appoints and instructs delegates to the Convention, 368.
Representation of, concerning the Articles of Confederation, 493.
Act of, accepting them, 497.
Purely "federal" government proposed by, II. 92.
Hamilton's plan of, radical objections to, 99;
condemned by Madison, 106.
Opposed to division of legislature, 133.
In favor of equality of suffrage in House of Representatives, 138;
of equal representation of States in Senate, 141, 148, 165.
Had four representatives in first House, 149.
In favor of census of free inhabitants, 153;
of executive holding office during "good behavior," 173.
Vote of, respecting citizenship as qualification for office, 209;
respecting money bills, 216, 218.
In favor of each State having one vote in Senate, 227.
Vote of, respecting eligibility of members of Congress to office,
251;
respecting representation of slaves, 293;
respecting slave-trade, 305;
respecting admission of States, 354.
In favor of taxing exports, 296.
Opposed to restricting President to stated salary, 407.
Ratification of Constitution by, 515.
Convention of, 524.
Position of, respecting Constitution, 524.
Always in favor of vesting regulation of commerce in general
government, 525.
Action of, in Constitutional Convention, respecting representation,
525.

_New States_, admission of, under the Confederation, I. 292;
under the Ordinance of 1787, 308.
See _Western Territory_ and _Northwestern Territory_.

_New York_,
Constitution of, formed, I. 122.
Magnanimity of, commended, 137.
Action of, upon the revenue system of 1783, 246.
Act of, respecting British debts, 253.
Trespass act of, 256.
Proceedings of, respecting a general commercial convention, 343,
358.
Resolution of, for a general Convention, 360;
how received in Congress, 360.
Appoints and instructs delegates to the Convention, 369.
Act of, respecting boundaries, &c., 505.
Rank of, at formation of Constitution, II. 118.
Commerce of, at formation of Constitution, 118.
Views of public men of, 118.
Opposed to division of legislature, 133.
In favor of equality of suffrage in House of Representatives, 138;
in Senate, 141, 148.
Had six representatives in first House, 149.
Withdrawal of delegates of, from Convention, 165, 182, 484, 502.
Rejection of Constitution by, probable, 182.
Vote of, respecting money bills, 216.
In favor of each State having one vote in Senate, 227.
Reception of Constitution in, 502.
Executive government of, opposed to Constitution, 502.
Jealousy of Union existing in, 502.
Letter of delegates of, against Constitution, 502.
Proceedings of legislature of, respecting Constitution, 503;
of parties in, respecting Constitution, 503.
Convention of, to vote on Constitution, 504.
Formidable opposition to Constitution in convention of, 529.
Legislature of, divided on question of submitting Constitution to
people, 536.
Convention of, importance of action of, 542;
time of meeting of, 549;
anxiety respecting action of, 549;
met at Poughkeepsie, 549;
Hamilton leading spirit in, 568;
discussion in, respecting system of representation proposed by
Constitution, 573.
Opponents of Constitution in, arguments and plan of, 572;
Hamilton's reply to, 572.
Effect on, of ratification by New Hampshire, 574.
Opponents of Constitution in, schemes of, 584.
Numerous amendments to Constitution proposed by, 587.
Plan of, to adopt Constitution conditionally, 587.
Great struggle in, over ratification of Constitution, 588.
Circular letter from, to all other States, 588.
Federalists of, justified by Washington, 590;
complaints against, 591.

_New York City_, applies to the Continental Congress respecting
British troops, I. 31.
Occupied by the British, 91.
Temporary establishment of seat of government at, effect of, 591.
Celebration in, of adoption of Constitution, 592.
Honors paid by, to Hamilton, 592.

NICHOLAS, GEORGE, a leading advocate of Constitution in Virginia, II.
506.

_Nobility_, title of, cannot be granted by Congress, II. 362.

_Non-Intercourse_, when and why adopted by Colonies, I. 23.
Association for, recommended and adopted, 24.

_North Carolina_, a provincial government, I. 4.
Constitution of, formed, 122.
Appoints and instructs delegates to the Convention, 369.
Opposed to equality of suffrage in House of Representatives, II.
138;
to equality of votes in Senate, 141, 217.
Vote of, respecting equal vote of States in Senate, 141, 148, 165;
respecting census of free inhabitants, 153.
Had five representatives in first House, 149.
Opposed to executive holding office during "good behavior," 173.
Vote of, respecting citizenship as qualification for office, 209;
respecting money bills, 216, 218.
Divided on question of nine years' citizenship as qualification of
Senator, 224.
Opposed to each State having one vote in Senate, 227;
to taxing exports, 296.
Position of, in Convention, respecting slave-trade, 297, 301.
Vote of, respecting slave-trade, 305;
on suspension of habeas corpus, 360.
Cession by, in 1790, 357.
Opposed to restricting President to stated salary, 407.
Convention of, Anti-Federal majority in, 596;
debate in, 596;
amendments to Constitution proposed by, 597;
peculiar action of, 597.
Attitude of, placed Union in new crisis, 603.

_Northern States_, in favor of granting to government full revenue and
commercial powers, II. 292.
Chief motive of, for forming Constitution a commercial one, 298.
Cut off from British West India trade, 298.
Separate interests of, different, 300.

_Northwestern Territory_ ceded by Virginia, I. 137, 295.
Cession modified, 300.
Ordinance respecting, why framed, 301;
provisions of, 302;
character of, 306.
Ordinance for, reported, 452.
Cession of, II. 15.
Origin and relations of, &c., 341.
Jefferson's resolve for organization of States in, 343.
Slavery in, proposals for prohibiting, 343.
Ceded on what trusts, 347, 349.
Admission of new States under, see _New States_.

O.

_Oath_, of office, proposed by New Jersey in 1778, I. 130.

_Oath of Allegiance_, to the King, received by Sir William Howe in New
Jersey, I. 106.
To the United States required by Washington in New Jersey, 107;
dissatisfaction occasioned by, 107.
Propriety of, defended by Washington, 108.
Prescribed in Congress in 1778, 109.

_Obligation of Contracts_, clause respecting, taken from the Ordinance
of 1787, I. 452.

_Officers_ of United States, appointment of, II. 417.

_Officers of the Revolution_, treatment of, by Congress, and the
country, I. 159.
Pay of, 159.
Proceedings in Congress respecting half-pay for, 160.
Pennsylvania line, 163.
Proceedings of, respecting their pay, 165.
See _Army of the Revolution_, _Half-pay_, and _Newburgh Addresses_.

_Oligarchy_, detested by people of United States, II. 237.

_Orders in Council_, respecting trade with the United States, I. 283.
Efforts of Congress to counteract, 285.
Effect of, on Northern States, II. 298.

_Ordinance of 1787_, framing of, I. 452.
Admission of new States provided for by, II. 77.
Fixed no mode of admitting new States, 79.
Provisions of, 344.
Slavery excluded by, 344.
Author of, 344, 365.
Passed, 365.
Character of, 366.
Provision in, respecting contracts, occasion of, 366.
Extradition of slaves under, 454.

_Osnaburg, Bishop of_, rumored purpose of loyalists respecting, II.
492.
Afterwards Duke of York, 493.

P.

PAINE, ROBERT TREAT, delegate to first Continental Congress, I. 13.

PALFREY, Colonel, sent to New Hampshire to arrest Tories, I. 65.

_Paper Money_, first issued by the Continental Congress, I. 78.
Signing of, 78.
State systems of, under Confederation, II. 310.
See _Rhode Island_.

_Pardon_,
President's power of, II. 413.
See _Treason_.

_Parliament, British_, authority of, over trade, how recognized by
first Continental Congress, I. 20.
Two houses in, origin of, II. 130;
mutual relations of, 130.
Corruption in, origin and extent of, 242;
effect of knowledge of, on framers of Constitution, 243.
Necessity of officers of state, &c. sitting in, 254.
Analogy of Congress to, 254.

PARSONS, THEOPHILUS,
motion of, in Massachusetts Convention, to ratify Constitution, II.
537.
Form of ratification and proposed amendments drawn by, 541.

_Patents_ for useful inventions, subject of, brought forward by
Pinckney, II. 339.
State legislation concerning, 339.
Power over, surrendered to Congress, 339.

PATTERSON, WILLIAM,
mover of New Jersey plan of government, II. 93.
Arguments of, in Convention, 93.

_Peace_, effect of, upon the country, I. 179.
See _Treaty of Peace_.

_Peace Establishment._ See _Washington_ and _Hamilton_.

PENDLETON, Chancellor, a leading advocate of Constitution in Virginia,
II. 506.

_Pennsylvania_,
a proprietary government, I. 5.
Constitution of, formed, 122.
Stop-law of, 253.
Appoints and instructs delegates to the Convention, 368.
Had but one chamber in legislature, II. 132.
Opposed to election of Senators by State legislatures, 135;
to equality of suffrage in House of Representatives, 138;
to equal representation of States in Senate, 141, 148, 165, 217.
Had eight representatives in first House, 149.
In favor of census of free inhabitants, 153;
of executive holding office during good behavior, 173.
Opposed to property qualification for office, 189.
Constitution of, citizenship under, 206.
Vote of, respecting citizenship as qualification for office, 209;
respecting money bills, 218.
Opposed to nine years' citizenship as qualification of Senator, 224;
to each State having one vote in Senate, 227;
to impeachments being tried by Senate, 262.
In favor of taxing exports, 296.
Vote of, respecting slave-trade, 305.
Ratification of Constitution by, 515.
Convention of, first to meet, 519.
Second State in population, in 1787, 519.
Western counties of, insurrection in, 521;
opposition of, to Constitution, 524.

_People of America_,
when not associated as such, I. 16.
Sole original source of political power, II. 38, 471, 482.
Will of,
how to be exercised, 471;
on a new exigency, how to be ascertained, 483.

_Petition_,
right of assembling for, asserted, I. 23.
Of Continental Congress to the King, 23, 38.

_Philadelphia_,
threatened loss of, to the enemy, I. 99.
Falls into the hands of the enemy, 113.
Fought for, at the battle of the Brandywine, 113.
The scene of many great events, II. 519.
Demonstration at, in honor of adoption of Constitution, 582.

PICKERING, TIMOTHY, suggests academy at West Point, I. 218.

PINCKNEY, CHARLES COTESWORTH,
Revolutionary services of, I. 454.
Views of, respecting the requisite reform, 455;
on the slave-trade, 456, 459, 460;
respecting consequences of rejection of Constitution, 487.
Proposition of, respecting taxes on exports, II. 189;
respecting extradition of slaves, 189, 452.
Notifies Convention of position of South Carolina concerning tax on
exports, 280.
In favor of Constitution, 510.
Writes to Washington of adoption of Constitution by South Carolina,
544.
Fidelity of, to South Carolina, 545.
Arguments of, in South Carolina convention, 548.

PINCKNEY, CHARLES,
plan of government submitted by, II. 32.
Proposition of, respecting House of Representatives, negatived, 40.
Suggestions of, respecting public debt, revenue, &c., 319.
In favor of Constitution, 510.

_Piracy_,
nature of, II. 331.
Power of Congress to define and punish, 331.

PITT, WILLIAM,
designs commercial relations with the United States, I. 282.
His bill to effect them, 283.
His extraordinary opportunities, 413.
Estimate of, 414.

_Political Science_,
among the ancients, I. 374.
In the Middle Ages of Europe, 375;
in England, 376;
in France, 377.

_Popular Governments_, American theory of, I. 261.

_Population_ of States in 1790, table of, II. 55.

_Ports_, no preference to be given to, II. 324.

_Post-Office_ department,
Continental, first established, I. 35;
colonial, 433.
Power to establish, extended to post-roads, II. 328.

_Preamble_ of Constitution,
as reported and adopted, II. 372;
language of, important, 373.

_President_,
making of treaties by, with consent of Senate, II. 234.
Officers proposed to be appointed by, with consent of Senate, 234.
Re-eligibility of, arguments in favor of, 235.
Choice of, proposed method of, 235;
by Senate, objections to, 236, 392;
ultimate, by House of Representatives, 240, 394.
Revisionary control over, where to be lodged, 239.
Extensive patronage of, 252.
Subject to impeachment, 261;
for what causes, 397.
Veto power of, 264.
Objections of, to law, to be entered on journal of Congress, 264.
Choice of, direct, by people, negatived, 388;
by electors, objections to, 388;
advantages of, 389;
method of, 390.
Term of office of, proposed to be seven years, 392.
Choice of, by majority of electors, objections to, 393.
Vacancy in office of, 397;
when Congress to provide for, 401.
"Inability" of, to discharge duties, meaning of, 397;
how ascertained, 397.
Insanity of, 397.
Death of, and of Vice-President, 398.
Choice of, changes in mode of, 400;
if not made before 4th of March, 400;
by House of Representatives, to be from three highest candidates,
400.
Qualifications of, 404.
Pay of, arguments in favor of, 404;
not to be increased nor diminished during term of office, 406.
Forbidden to receive more than stated salary, 407.
Council for, question concerning, 407.
May require opinions of cabinet officers, 408.
Alone responsible for conduct of executive department, 409.
Powers of, 409;
to make war and peace, 411;
over State militia, 413;
to pardon offences, 413;
to appoint officers, 417.
"Executive power" vested in, meaning of, 412.
Oath of, to execute laws, 412.
Commander-in-chief, 413.
To prosecute war, 413.
Treaty-making power of, 414.
To receive ambassadors, &c., 415.
Cannot create offices, 418.
To inform Congress of state of Union, 419.
To recommend measures to Congress, 419.
May call extra sessions of Congress, 419.
When may adjourn Congress, 419.

PRINGLE, JOHN JULIUS, in favor of Constitution, II. 510.

_Prize-Courts_, want of, under the Revolutionary government, I. 73.
Establishment of, urged by Washington, 75.
Of Massachusetts, trials in, 75.
Colonial, appeals from, to Congress, 76.
Under Constitution, II. 330.

_Property_, urged as basis of representation, II. 148.
As a qualification of elector, 148;
for office, 187, 202.

_Proprietary Governments_, form and character of, I. 5.

_Protections_, issued by Sir William Howe in New Jersey, I. 106.
Surrender of, required by Washington, 106.

_Provincial Governments_, form and character of, I. 4.

_Public Lands._
See _Western Territory, Northwestern Territory_, and _Ordinance of_
1787.

Q.

_Qualifications_,
of national officers, proposals respecting, II. 186;
landed, rejected, 187;
property, an embarrassing subject, 202.
Of electors, 187, 194, 200.
Of voter in Massachusetts, 188.
Of members of Congress, 194.
Of citizenship, embarrassments respecting, 205;
attempt to exempt certain persons from rule respecting, 205.
Of Senators, 223.
Of Vice-President, 401.
Of President, 404.
Of religious test, never to be required, 479.

_Queen's County, Long Island_, inhabitants of, to be disarmed, I. 68.

_Quorum_, discussions in Convention respecting, II. 262.

_Quotas_, first apportionment of, among the Colonies, I. 34.
Of troops in 1776, 92.
See _Requisitions_.

R.

RAMSAY, DAVID, Dr., in favor of Constitution, II. 510.

RANDOLPH, EDMUND,
urges Washington to attend the Convention, I. 365.
Revolutionary services of, 480.
Governor of Virginia, 481.
Course of, in the Convention, 481.
Reasons of, for supporting the Constitution, 481.
Genealogy of, 485.
Plan of government proposed by, II. 32, 410.
A member of committee to apportion representatives, 148.
Objections of, to compound ratio of representation, 151.
Proposition of, respecting census, 162;
to strike out "wealth" from rule of representation, 164.
In favor of confining equality of States in Senate to certain cases,
165.
Views of, respecting money bills, 218.
Resolution of, respecting admission of new States, 349.
Clause introduced by, respecting death of President, &c., 403.
Refused to sign Constitution, why, 485, 555.
Position of, respecting Constitution, 506.
Advocated adoption of Constitution in Virginia convention, 556.

RANDOLPH, PEYTON,
President of first Continental Congress, I. 13;
of second Continental Congress, 28.
Death and character of, 28.

_Ratification_ of Constitution, as marking character of government,
II. 85.
Different theories respecting, 177.
Mode of, 375;
resolutions respecting, 375;
purpose of, 375;
an embarrassing question, 479.
Vote of States respecting, 483, 515.
By only part of States, effect of, 484.
Unanimous, could not be required, 484.
By nine States sufficient, 485.
Pageants in honor of, 540.
Public rejoicings in Baltimore at, 543.
By New Hampshire, 573, 578.
By Virginia, 578;
how finally effected, 579;
form of, 581.
Vitiated by condition, in Madison's opinion, 588.
Great struggle over, in New York, 588.
See the different States.

_Records and Judicial Proceedings_ of States, full faith to be given
to, in other States, II. 449.
Proof and effect of, 449.

READ, GEORGE, views of, respecting rule of suffrage for House of
Representatives, II. 135.

_Regulation of Commerce_ proposed by New Jersey in 1778, I. 129.
Not provided for by the Confederation, 148.
Advantages of, not perceived, 179.
Origin of, as a national power, 276.
Washington's views respecting, 334.
Popular meetings in Boston in favor of, 336.
Policy of Congress respecting, in 1785-86, 337.

_Representation_, views of members of Convention respecting, II. 18.
In Congress, different views respecting, 36;
difficulty in fixing ratio of, 44.
As affected by State interests, 43.
Original division between States respecting, 50.
Under Virginia and New Jersey plans, 105.
Great difficulty in adjusting, 108.
Difficulty of fixing different basis of, for two houses of Congress,
133.
Committee to adjust whole system of, 145.
Dr. Franklin's proposal in Congress concerning, 146.
Ratio of, in House of Representatives, 147.
Of slaves, 149.
Compound ratio of, depending on numbers and wealth, proposed, 149;
objections to, 151;
how to be applied, 156.
By numbers, as affected by slaves, 153, 291.
And taxation to go together, 156.
System of, proposed by Constitution, discussion on in New York, 573.

_Representatives_, part of the Provincial government, I. 4.
In the charter governments, how chosen, 5.
Apportionment of, objections to, II. 148;
in first House, how made, 148.

_Representative Government_ familiar to the American people, I. 117.

_Reprisals_ authorized by the Continental Congress, I. 34.

_Republican Government_ involved in the effort to make the
Constitution, I. 391.
Guaranteed to States, II. 177;
by Constitution, 458.
Guaranty of, to States, object of, 468;
meaning of, in America, 469.

_Republican Liberty_, nature of, II. 8.
How to be preserved, 9.

_Resolutions_ as referred to committee of detail, II. 190.

_Requisitions_, provision for, under the Confederation, I. 147.
Of 1781, 156.
Made and not complied with, 174.
From 1782 to 1786, how treated, 180.
In 1784, 240.
In 1785, 242.
In 1786, 242.
Supply received from, in 1781-1786, 243;
inadequacy of, declared by Congress, 245.
Effect of, on the proposed revenue system, 244.

_Revenue_, report of committee of detail respecting, II. 289.
Power over, generally conceded to new government, 290.
Different systems of, under Confederation, 310.
Powers of government, influence of, 311.
Power, qualifications of, proposed, 320.
From imports, easiest mode of paying expenses of government, 528.

_Revenues_, of the Confederation, I. 147.
Want of power in Confederation to obtain, II. 280.
Numerous questions respecting, 280.
Collection of, by Congress, 323.

_Revenue Bills_, privilege of originating, views of members of
Convention respecting, II. 221;
restricted to House of Representatives, 221.

_Revenue System of_ 1783, origin and purpose of, I. 175.
Modified by Congress, 180.
Defeated by New York, 180.
Design of, 185.
Effect of its proposal, 186.
Character of, 224.
Under consideration in 1784, 240.
How acted on in 1786, 244.
New appeal of Congress on the subject of, 245.
Every State assents to, but New York, 246.
Act of New York concerning, 246.
Hamilton's answer to the New York objections to, 247.
New York again appealed to respecting, 247;
refuses to accede, 248.
Action of New York respecting, 343.
Final appeal of Congress for, 344.
Rejected by New York, 345, 359.
Address on, written by Madison, 422.

_Revolution_, right of, II. 473.

_Revolutionary Congress_, take up the Articles of Confederation, I.
113.
Government of, breaking down, 115.
Change in the members of, after 1777, 125.
Leading members of, in 1777 and 1778, 126;
in 1776, 127.
Weakness of, II. 14.
See _Congress_.

_Revolutionary Government_, defects of, I. 55.

_Rhode Island_, a charter government, I. 5.
Resists the claim of the great States to Western lands, 131.
Refuses to grant imposts to Congress, 174.
Hamilton's answer to, 177.
Attempts to pay its quotas in paper money, 242.
Refusal of, to grant duties on imposts, 422.
Not represented in Constitutional Convention, II. 23, 181.
Did not assent to revenue system of 1783, 24.
Admitted to Union in 1790, 25.
Interests of, attended to by Convention, 26.
Had one representative in first House, 149.
Ratification of Constitution by, improbable, 181.
Reason of, for not attending Convention, 329.
Took no part in formation of Constitution, 484.
Opposition to Constitution in, peculiarly intense, 598;
causes of, 598.
Jealous of other States, 598.
Principles of founders of, falsely applied, 598.
Paper money party in, great power of, 599.
Great antagonism in, between town and country, 600.
Opponents of Constitution in, ridiculed and scorned, 600.
Great want of enlightenment in, 601.
Action of General Assembly of, on Constitution, 602.
People of, apparently nearly unanimous against Constitution, 602.
Final prevalence of better counsels in, 603.
Present prosperity of, 603.
Attitude of, placed Union in new crisis, 603.

_Rights._ See _Colonies_.

ROBINSON, Mr., Speaker of Virginia House of Burgesses, I. 48.
Celebrated compliment of, to Washington, 48.

ROUSSEAU, J. J., political discussions of, alluded to, I. 377.

_Rule of Apportionment_, proposal to change from land to numbers, I.
241.

RUTLEDGE, EDWARD, in favor of Constitution, II. 510.
Arguments of, in convention of South Carolina, 548.

RUTLEDGE, JOHN, a member of committee to apportion representatives,
II. 148.
Motion of, for assumption of State debts, 319.
In favor of Constitution, 510.

S.

_Seat of Government_, action respecting, II. 189.
None under Confederation, 268.
History of establishment of, 268.
Grave questions concerning location of, 274.
Impolicy of establishing at New York, or Philadelphia, 591.
Embarrassments attending selection of, 604.

_Sectional Jealousy_, causes and operation of, I. 371.

SELMAN, captain in the Revolutionary naval force, I. 74.

_Senate_, reasons for present constitution of, II. 41.
Rule of suffrage in, 48.
Numerical representation in, favored at first, 49.
To hold office during "good behavior" under Hamilton's plan, 100,
105.
Members of, chosen for six years, 134;
qualifications of, 134, 223.
Objects of, 138;
how to be attained, 138.
Difficulty in fixing basis of, 139.
Mr. Baldwin's model of, 139.
Fortunately not founded on relative wealth of States, 140.
Votes of States respecting, 141;
representation in, 165.
Advantages of present constitution of, 166.
Members of, to be two from each State, 186;
to vote per capita, 186;
must have been citizens nine years, 211.
Slight analogy of, to House of Lords, 215.
Equality of votes in, by what States resisted, 217.
Choice of President by, in certain events, proposed, 221, 390.
Scheme of, tending to oligarchy, 222.
May amend revenue bills, 222.
Powers of, as at first proposed, 223.
Number of members of, origin of, 224.
Method of voting in, origin of, 224.
Present mode of voting in, advantages of, 228.
Vacancies in, how filled, 229.
Primary purpose of, 229.
Disposition to accumulate power in, 230.
Constitution of, great embarrassments respecting, 233.
Separate action of, difficult to determine, 234.
Consent of, to certain acts of President, necessary, 235.
Proposed choice of President by, objections to, 236.
Only body fit to have revisionary control over appointments, 239.
Ratification of treaties by, 240.
Ultimate choice of President taken from, 240.
Length of term in, 240.
Biennial change in, 241.
To try impeachments, 261.
Quorum of, 262.
President of, 263.
May choose president pro tempore, 264.
Choice of President by, quorum for, 401;
majority necessary to, 401.
President pro tempore of, when to act as President of the United
States, 403.
Proposed appointment of ambassadors and judges by, 410.
Foreign relations committed to, 410.
Treaty-making power of, 415.
May propose treaty to President, 417.
Certain controversies between States, proposed to be tried by, 424.
Equality of States in, guaranteed by Constitution, 478.

_Shays's Rebellion_, causes of, I. 266.
Progress of, 266, 269.
How arrested 270.
How acted upon in Congress, 271.
Effect of, upon the political state of the country, 273.
Abettors of, opposed to Constitution, II. 501.

SHERMAN, ROGER, one of the committee to prepare Declaration of
Independence, I. 50.
Opposed to tax on exports, II. 294.
Views of, respecting tax on slaves, 304.
Motion of, respecting payment of old debts, 321.

_Slavery_, British government responsible for the existence of, I. 87.
Complex relations of, II. 22.
Regarded by Southern statesmen as an evil, 155.
When and how abolished in States now free, 289.
Existed in what States at formation of Constitution, 313.
Facts respecting, as influencing judgment on Constitution, 313.
A matter of local concern, 313.
State laws respecting abolition of, 313.
In Northwestern Territory, proposals for excluding, 343.
State of, in 1787, 451.
Probable duration of, 451.
Principle of common law and law of nations respecting, 451, 455.
Exclusively a matter of State jurisdiction, 451.
Existed in Colonies at very early period, 453.
In Massachusetts, Dr. Belknap's article on, 454.
Depends wholly on municipal law, 457.
Fortunately left to State control, 459.
Existence of, unjustly made a reproach on United States, 465.

_Slaves_, as affecting ratio of representation, II. 19.
Control of States over, never meant to be surrendered, 20.
Necessarily regarded in forming Constitution, 20.
As affecting basis of representation, 46.
In fixing ratio of representation, included as inhabitants, 47.
Three-fifths rule respecting, whence derived, 48.
In fixing ratio of representation, how computed, 147;
admission of, proper, 147.
Propriety of counting, as inhabitants, in adjusting representation,
150.
Rule respecting, under Confederation, 150.
As affecting representation, votes respecting, 153.
Social and political condition of, anomalous, 155.
Number and distribution of, 155.
An important element in determining rank of States, 155.
As affecting representation and taxation, 157.
As subjects of taxation, views of statesmen respecting, 159.
Compromise respecting, how to be effected, 163.
Extradition of, Pinckney's proposition concerning, 189.
Manumission of, a matter of State control, 286.
Representation of, a concession by North, why made, 292;
Morris's motion respecting, 293;
vote of New Jersey respecting, 293.
Specific tax on importation of, 304.
Word not used in Constitution by design, 305.
Ratio of increase of, from 1790 to 1850, 308.
Condition of, ameliorated by Constitution, 316.
Advancing public sentiment concerning, 316.
Colonization of, in Africa, 317.
Representation of, an unimportant anomaly, 317.
Emancipation of, a local question, 317.
Extradition of, under Constitution, history of clause respecting,
450;
a necessary provision of Constitution, 451;
under New England Confederation of 1643, 453;
under Ordinance of 1787, 454;
importance of proper understanding of clause respecting, 456;
necessity and propriety of clause, 459.
Condition of, much better under State control, 462.
Increase of, since adoption of Constitution, 465.
See _Federal Census_.

_Slave-Trade_, discountenanced by first Continental Congress, I. 24.
How dealt with by the Constitution, 456.
Abolished in England, 457, 461.
French abolition of, 457.
Danish abolition of, 459.
Compromise respecting, 460.
Legislation against, 460.
Discussions respecting, in England, 460.
Probable encouragement of, II. 153;
embarrassments respecting, 281.
State action respecting, 285.
Necessity of definite provision respecting, 285.
Duty of framers of Constitution respecting, 286.
Had been abolished by no nation in 1787, 286.
A proper subject for national action, 286.
Aspect of, political, 287;
moral, 287.
Economical importance of, to Southern States, 288.
Report of committee of detail respecting, 290.
Grave questions concerning, 296.
Right to continue, insisted on by what States, 297, 301.
Prospective prohibition of, provided for, 304.
Concessions respecting, timely, 305.
Vote of States respecting, 305.
Patriotic course of both sections respecting, 306.
Effect of discontinuance of, on Southern States, 308.
State rights respecting, before Constitution, 314.
Tolerated by European nations at formation of Constitution, 314.
Interdicted by ten States before Constitution, 314.
Refusal of certain States to grant power to suppress, immediately,
315.
Indefinite continuance of, had Constitution not been formed, 315.
First extinguished by America, 317.

_South Carolina_, a provincial government, I. 4.
Constitution of, formed, 120.
Tender-law of, 253.
Appoints and instructs delegates to the Convention, 369.
Opposed to equality of suffrage in House of Representatives, II.
138;
equal vote of States in Senate, 141, 148, 165, 217.
Had five representatives in first House, 149.
Opposed to census of free inhabitants, 153;
executive holding office during "good behavior," 173.
Vote of, respecting citizenship as qualification for office, 209;
money bills, 216, 218.
Opposed to each State having one vote in Senate, 227.
In favor of States paying members of Congress, 259.
Refusal of, to submit to tax on exports, 280, 285.
Exports of, in one year, 285.
Position of, in Convention, respecting slave-trade, 297, 301.
Vote of, respecting slave-trade, 305.
Vote on Jefferson's resolve concerning Northwestern Territory, 346.
Cession by, in 1787, 356.
Vote of, on suspension of habeas corpus, 360.
Condition of acceptance of Constitution by, 452.
Motion for surrender of fugitive slaves made by, in Constitutional
Convention, 453.
Vote of, respecting citizenship clause in Constitution, 453.
Debate in legislature of, on Constitution, 510.
Convention in, to vote on Constitution, 511;
importance of action of, 542.
Ratification of Constitution by, 544;
rejoicings at, 544;
importance of, 544.
Delegates of, responsibility assumed by, 544.
A great exporting State, 546.
Hesitation of, to concede power to regulate commerce, 546.
Amendments to Constitution proposed by, 548.
Eighth State to ratify Constitution, 549.

_Southern States_, views of, respecting regulation of commerce, II.
290.

_Sovereignty_, of the people, established by the Revolution, I. 379;
necessary consequences of declaration of, II. 8.
Resides in the people, 38.
Powers of, may be exercised by different agents, 377.

_Spain_, claims the exclusive navigation of the Mississippi, I. 312.
See _Mississippi_.

_Speaker_, of House of Representatives, II. 264;
when to act as President, 403.

_Standing Armies_, jealousy of, I. 81, 90.

_States_, interests and relations of, before Constitution, II. 5.
Devotion of, to republican liberty, 6.
Union of, essential to republican liberty, 9.
Weakness of, without union, 9.
General purposes of, in calling Constitutional Convention, 16.
Position of, in Convention, 27.
Powers surrendered by, to Confederation, 27.
Why represented in Congress, 40.
Diverse interests of, as affecting representation, 43.
Tendency of, to encroach on federal authority, 51.
Proposed control over legislation of, by Congress, 52.
Population of, in 1790, table of, 55.
Legislation of, control of judicial department over, 66.
Admission of, 75, 79, 109, 176, 340, 344, 350, 354.
Cessions by, to Union, 76.
Republican government guaranteed to, 79, 83, 177, 458.
Jealous of general government, 91.
Sovereignty of, how reconciled with national sovereignty, 91.
Plan to abolish, 92.
To make partial surrender of power under Virginia plan, 95.
Sovereignty of, preserved under New Jersey plan, 95.
Conflicts of, with nation, probable, under Virginia plan, 102, 103.
Struggle between large and smaller, respecting representation, 104.
Proposed equalization of, 108.
Populations of, at formation of Constitution, 116.
Relative rank of, at formation of Constitution, 117.
Conflict among, as to national and federal systems, 117.
Danger of annihilation of sovereignty of, by national government,
128, 377.
Danger of alliances of, with foreign powers, 136.
Preservation of, in Congress, conceded to be necessary, 139.
Divided respecting constitution of Senate, 145.
Jealousy among, 150.
Western, views of members respecting, 150.
Slave and free, index of wealth of, 157.
Wealth of, not measured by land, 160.
Position of, in Convention, respecting slaves, 161, 162.
Wealth of, for purpose of taxation, determined by inhabitants, 163.
Smaller, concession to, in constitution of Senate, 166.
Free and slave, populations of, compared, 168.
Relation of, to Confederation, 179.
Whether Constitution could be ratified by government of, 180.
Voting by, history of practice of, 227.
Equal representation of, in Senate, just, 233.
Union desired by, from different motives, 303.
Commercial legislation of, under Confederation, various, 310.
Revenue and paper-money systems of, under Confederation, various,
310.
Rights guaranteed to, by Constitution, 314.
Power of, over slave-trade, anterior to Constitution, 314.
Ports of one, not to be preferred to those of another, 324.
Compacts between, outside of Articles of Confederation, 347.
New, temporary governments for, Madison's motion respecting, 351.
Admission of, number of votes requisite for, 352;
by dismemberment of State, 352;
by junction, 354;
difference in cases of, 357;
provisions for, general, 358.
Restraints on political power of, 362.
Issuing of bills of credit prohibited to, 364.
Laying of duties and imposts by, 368.
Cannot lay duty on tonnage, 370.
Keeping of troops or ships of war by, 371.
Agreements by, with another State or foreign power, 371.
When may engage in war, 371.
Governments of, how far supreme, 377.
May be multiplied indefinitely under Constitution, 383.
Levying war against, not treason against United States, 385.
Certain controversies between, proposed to be tried by Senate, 424.
Constitutional restrictions on, 432.
Laws of, constitutionality of, how determined, 439.
Courts of, not likely to administer justice to foreigners, &c., 442.
Different, controversies between citizens of, 442;
grants of lands by, jurisdiction of cases respecting, 444.
A party to a suit, jurisdiction in cases of, 444.
Foreign, jurisdiction in cases of, 444.
Full faith given to acts, &c. of, 449.
Have exclusive regulation of domestic institutions, 451.
May exclude foreigners, 457.
Republican government guaranteed to, object of, 468.
Domestic violence in, application to general government in case of,
469.
Competency of, to abolish constitutions, 469.
Must have executive and legislature, 470.
Protection of, against domestic violence, 472.
Equality of, in Senate, for ever guaranteed by Constitution, 478.
Refusal of, to comply with requisitions of Congress, 572.
See _New States_.

_State Constitutions_, formation of, I. 116.

_State Governments_, how formed, I. 36.

_State Sovereignty_, early assertion of, I. 90.

_Stop Laws._ See _Debts_.

STORY, JOSEPH, views of, respecting President's power to adjourn
Congress, II. 420.

_Suffrage, Rule of_, Governor Randolph's resolution respecting, II.
35.
Change in, opposed by Delaware, 36.
In Continental Congress, 42.
In Confederation, 42.
In Senate, 48.
For House of Representatives, great debate on, 135.
According to Virginia plan, 145.
Different in different States, 174, 198.
Not universal in any State, 471.

SULLIVAN, General, president of New Hampshire Convention, II. 541.

SULLIVAN, JAMES, Governor of Massachusetts, II. 541.

_Superintendent of the Finances_, appointed, I. 174.
See ROBERT MORRIS.

_Supremacy_ of United States, meaning and scope of, II. 376.
Of States, extent of, 377.
Of Constitution, as affecting national growth, 383.

_Supreme Court_, tenure of office of, II. 67.
Judges of, not removable by address, 68, 73;
compensation of, 68;
by whom appointed, 68.
To determine constitutional questions, 74.
Functions of, compared with those of State courts, 74.
Judges of, proposed appointment of, by Senate, 223, 230, 410.
Appointment of, proposals concerning, 234.
Sole interpreters of Constitution, 380.
Judges of, to be nominated by President, 418;
tenure of office and salaries of, 423.
One, under Constitution, 423.
Original and appellate jurisdiction of, 424.
Appellate jurisdiction of, ambiguity concerning, 428.
Doubts about conferring power upon, to declare law unconstitutional,
434.

T.

TALLEYRAND, Prince, opinion of, respecting Hamilton, I. 410.

_Taxation_, right of, denied to Parliament, I. 20.
How distinguished from regulation of trade, 20.
Inseparable from representation, 20, II. 157.
Difficulty of applying combined rule of wealth and numbers to, 158.
Report of committee of detail respecting, 290.
By general government, Mason's objections to, 557.
See _Colonies_.

_Taxes_, odious to the people of United States, I. 180.
Power of Congress to collect, II. 322.

_Tender_, State laws respecting, restraint on, II. 365.

_Tender Law_ of Massachusetts, I. 268.
See _Debts_.

_Territory_, power of Congress over, under the Confederation, I. 141.
Authority of Congress over, under Constitution, II. 340;
purpose of provision respecting, 355;
diverse views concerning, 358.
See _Western Territory_ and _Northwestern Territory_.

_Territorial Governments_, power to frame, in Ordinance of 1787, II.
345.

_Theory_, danger of adhering too firmly to, II. 129.

THOMPSON, CHARLES, Secretary of first Continental Congress, I. 14.

TICKNOR, GEORGE, cited for a saying of Jefferson concerning the
Revolutionary Congress, I. 64;
for a saying of Talleyrand about Hamilton, 410.

_Tonnage_, duty on, States prohibited to lay, II. 370;
proposed exception respecting, 370.

_Tories_, how dealt with by Continental Congress, I. 36;
in New Hampshire, 65.
Washington's opinion respecting, 65.
Movements of, in the neighborhood of New York, 66;
how met by Washington, 66.
Steps taken by Congress to disarm, 68.
Misunderstanding respecting, between Washington and Congress, 69.
Subject referred to local authorities, 72.
Relations of persons and property of, to the Union, 251.

_Trade_, inter-colonial, before the Revolution, I. 9.
Regulation of, by Parliament, distinguished from taxation, 20.
With Colonies prohibited by Parliament, December, 1775, 38.
See _Colonies_, _Commerce_, _Continental Congress_, and
_Parliament_.

_Treason_, definition of, in Constitution, origin and purpose of, II.
384.
Nature of evidence of, 386.
Punishment of, to be declared by Congress, 386;
how limited by Constitution, 386.
President's power to pardon, different views respecting, 414.

_Treasury Department_, first established, I. 35.

_Treaty_ of amity and commerce with France, Sweden, and the
Netherlands, I. 279.
Negotiation for, with the Netherlands, 280;
with Sweden, 281.

_Treaty of Alliance_ with France, I. 156.

_Treaty of Peace_ signed and ratified, I. 155, 187, 235, 237.
Objects secured by, 249.
How violated by certain States, 254, 257.
Southern boundary of the United States fixed by, 312.
Accompanied by a secret article, 312, 313.
Question respecting, II. 415.

_Treaty Power_ under the Confederation, I. 325.

_Treaties_, supreme law of land, II. 170, 372, 374.
Proposition that Senate should make, 223.
Negotiation of, by numerous body, embarrassing, 232.
Making of, proposals concerning, 234.
Provision respecting, origin of, 240;
how modified, 414.
Rule of Confederation respecting, 416.
May be proposed by Senate, 417.
Jurisdiction over cases arising under, 430.
Cases arising under, how settled, 440.
Power to make, under Confederation, 440.

_Trial by Jury_, of the vicinage, one of the rights of the Colonies,
I. 23.
Under Constitution, II. 424.
Provision for, in civil cases, not in Constitution originally, 427;
supplied by amendment, 427.
Guaranty of, required by many States, 429.
For crimes, provisions respecting, 431.
Omission to secure, a strong argument with some against
Constitution, 498.

TUCKER, GEORGE, cited about Madison, I. 421.

TYLER, JOHN, opposed to Constitution, II. 506.

U.

_Union_, origin of, I. 3.
Unknown to the colonial condition, 7.
Power to form, a result of the Revolution, 8.
Proposal of, in 1754, 8.
Proposed in 1773, 10.
Virginia recommends, 11, II. 12.
As established by the Confederation, I. 142.
Saved by the proposal of the revenue scheme, 188.
Necessary to preserve the good faith of the country, 189.
Of the people, idea of, 373.
Change in character of, II. 4.
Necessarily republican, 10.
Preservation of, essential to independence of States, 10.
Purposes of, at first indefinite, 12.
Previous history of, important, 13.
"Exigencies of," 13;
how only to be provided for, 19.
Objects of, embraced in two classes, 13;
how ascertained, 13;
different views respecting, 39.
Proposed power in, to protect and uphold governments of States, 79.
Dissolution of, Madison's views respecting, 136;
Hamilton's views respecting, 136;
at one time probable, 140.
General interests of, power to legislate for, 170.
Success of, to what attributable, 380.
Sovereignty of, and of States, no conflict between, 380.
Capacity of, for territorial expansion, cause of, 381.
Theory of, respecting domestic institutions of States, 451.

"_United Colonies_," term of, first adopted, I. 33.

_United States of America_, title of, adopted, I. 52, 142.

_United States_, character of, at stake, I. 179.
Laws and treaties of, supreme law of States, II. 170, 372.
Guaranty by, of State institutions, 177.
Became proprietor of crown lands, 352.
Title of, to vacant lands, 357.
Officer of, not to accept present, &c. from foreign king, &c., 362.
Resolutions respecting supremacy of government of, 372, 373.
Supremacy of, meaning and scope of, 376.
Government of, unlike any other, 379;
determines its own powers, 379;
safeguard of, 379;
success of, to what attributable, 379.
Constitution, no impediment to growth of, 383.
Treason against, definition of, 385.
Importance of preserving federal character of government of, 392.
Relation of government to citizens of, 432.
A party to a suit, jurisdiction of cases of, 444.

V.

_Valuation._ See _Land_ and _Contribution_.

_Vermont_, provision for admission of, II. 353.
Within asserted limits of New York, 353.

_Vessels_, entry and clearance of, II. 324.
Payment of duties by, 324.

_Veto_, an essential power, II. 57.
Bill may be passed notwithstanding, 264.
Of President qualified, 265.
Of king of England absolute, 265;
how signified, 265;
in disuse since William the Third, 266.
History of, in Constitutional Convention, 267.
Meaning of "two thirds" in provisions respecting, 267.
Power of, proposed to be given to Council of Revision, 438.

_Vice-President, ex officio_ President of Senate, II. 264.
Has only casting vote in Senate, 264, 396.
Choice of, embarrassments respecting, 390.
Reasons for having, 395.
Ultimate election of, by Senate, 396, 401.
When to act as President, 400.
Changes in appointment of, 400.
Qualifications for, 401.

_Virginia_, a provincial government, I. 4.
Advises a Continental Congress, 11.
Elects delegates, 12.
Constitution of, formed, 120.
Effect of claim of, to Western Lands, 132.
Cedes the Northwestern Territory, 137, 295.
Repeals her act granting imposts, 175.
Stop-law of, 253.
Action of, concerning Western posts, 258.
Opposes the surrender of the Mississippi, 315.
Action of, leading to a general commercial convention, 340, 343.
Appoints and instructs delegates to the Convention, 367.
Measures of, respecting commerce, 423.
First to declare for Union, II. 12.
Plan of government proposed by, 89;
Hamilton's doubts respecting, 99;
inconsistency in, 101, 103;
reported to Convention, 109;
vote on, 109;
chasm in, 133.
Opposed to election of Senators by State legislatures, 135;
to equality of suffrage in House of Representatives, 138;
to equality of States in Senate, 141, 148, 165, 217.
Had ten Representatives in first House, 149.
In favor of census of free inhabitants, 153;
of executive holding office during "good behavior," 173.
Vote of, respecting citizenship as qualification for office, 209;
money bills, 216, 218.
Opposed to each State having one vote in Senate, 227;
to impeachments being tried by Senate, 262;
to taxing exports, 296.
Vote of, respecting slave-trade, 305.
Cession by, in 1784, 342.
Strong opposition to Constitution in, 504.
Statesmen of, 504.
Character of people of, 504.
Great influence of Washington in, 505.
Effect of action of New Hampshire on, 510.
Convention of, meets at Richmond, 510, 549;
parties in, nearly balanced, 529, 568;
anxiety respecting action of, 542, 549;
eminence of members of, 551;
responsibility resting on, 551;
discussion on Constitution in, 554.
Had ratified Constitution before news from New Hampshire, 578.
Convention of, final propositions of friends of Constitution in,
579.
Ratification of Constitution by, how finally effected, 579.
Form of amendments and Bill of Rights proposed by, 581.
Address prepared by opponents of Constitution in, 582.
Adoption of Constitution by, rejoicings at, 582.

_Virginia and Maryland_, efforts of, to regulate the trade of the
Potomac and the Chesapeake, I. 341.

_Virginia Reservation_, note on, I. 296.

_Voters_, qualifications of, in different States, II. 198.

W.

_War_, power to declare, proposed to be given to two branches of
Congress, II. 231.
To be declared by Congress, 332, 413.
When States may engage in, 371.
Ships of, not to be kept by States in time of peace, 371.
And peace, power of President to make, 411.
To be prosecuted by President, 413.

WASHINGTON, appointed and commissioned commander-in-chief, I. 33.
Arrives at Cambridge, 33.
Mode of his appointment as commander-in-chief, 41.
Previous history and character of, 41.
Embarrassments of, in the early part of the war, 55.
Opinions and actions of, respecting Tories, 65.
Urges Congress to establish prize court, 75.
On the necessity for a standing army, 91.
Leaves Boston for New York, 91.
Compelled to abandon New York, 91.
Retreats through New Jersey, 96.
Complains of his situation, 96.
Asks for extraordinary powers, 100.
Dictatorial powers conferred on, 100;
apology for, 101.