Chapter LIII: The Principles of Zionism (1)

Palestine as the Homeland――The rebirth of Jewish civilization
――The security of public law――The aims of Political Zionism
――A modern Commonwealth for the Jewish people.

WE are afraid that some readers may feel a certain disappointment at the absence in this book of any formulation of what they would call “definite demands” in respect to Palestine. They may have expected a detailed scheme, showing what political conditions are proposed, whether “autonomy” is demanded or certain “privileges,” and so forth.

These details are of course very important, and will have to be considered in the near future. But we do not enter into them here for several reasons. In the first place, our aim has been mainly historical. We have been concerned with the past, and to some extent with the present, and any predictions with regard to the future would be out of place. Secondly, the precise nature of the measures that will be taken to realize Zionist aims must necessarily depend upon the future political position of Palestine. An arrangement that would suit one set of circumstances would be quite impossible in another. It is, therefore, useless to conjecture anything in advance. And, thirdly――and this is the most important consideration――the form of the scheme is, to our mind, a secondary matter. When once the principle of Zionism is ♦accepted――the principle of _a Homeland for the Jewish people_――the adoption of the best means for carrying out its object will follow.

♦ “acepted” replaced with “accepted”

We do, however, derive from history and experience certain conclusions as to the way in which the aim of Zionism can be achieved. These conclusions may be summarized as follows:――

I. The Homeland of the Jewish people must be in Palestine.

II. Palestine can and must be made capable of fulfilling its function by the method of patient colonization.

III. The security of public law――that is, of the recognition of the rightful claim of the Jewish people to regenerate Palestine and itself through Palestine――is a necessary condition of success.

As to the first point, experience has sufficiently shown that the Jew as colonist and as pioneer is at home only in Palestine. More or less successful attempts at settling Jews on the land have been made in the Argentine and elsewhere; but none of these settlements has any vital significance for Jewry at large. Their value begins and ends with the individuals who take part in them. With the Palestinian settlement it is quite otherwise. The heart of the Jewish people responds to the efforts of the Palestinian settlers: it recognizes in them not merely a number of individuals, but its own representatives, the vanguard of its struggle towards a new life. That is a natural consequence of the place which Palestine has held for centuries in the Jewish scheme of things. Opponents of Zionism have sometimes tried to reconcile conflicting points of view by admitting that “Palestine is not worse than any other country,” and that, therefore, “Jews should not be oppressed there,” and that “if there is a chance for colonization it should be taken.” But this is like telling a man that his mother is no worse than any other woman, or that his language is no worse than any other language. Such compromises cannot be seriously discussed. If Palestine is anything to Jews, it is the Land of _Israel_. But is Palestine capable of being the Land of _Israel_ in anything but an ideal sense? and if so, how is this to be brought about?

We have come to think of Palestine as a barren land; but its apparent barrenness is not to be attributed to defects of soil or climate, as its productivity is in no degree impaired. The causes are the scantiness of population, lack of industry, skill, ♦initiative and intelligence, and the want of a local administrative system to encourage the labour of husbandmen to productive activity. If these obstacles were removed and a little exertion bestowed upon it the soil would soon yield abundant crops of the richest grain, and plantations of all kinds would flourish; the country still answers the description given of it in days of old. A stronger proof of its fertility cannot be adduced than the fact that the territory of Judæa alone, at one period, brought into the field more than three hundred thousand, and at another two hundred and four score thousand “mighty men of valour” (2 Chron. xiv. 7). According to Flavius Josephus¹ (37‒95?), Galilee alone had hundreds of towns and millions of inhabitants. Even if we do not accept these as exact figures, there is undoubtedly room for several millions of people in Palestine, particularly if the Trans-_Jordanic_ regions are irrigated, the old roads repaired and the projected railway lines constructed. There may be room in the future even for several millions. The country only awaits repopulation and reconstruction.

♦ “initative” replaced with “initiative”

¹ Joseph _ben_ Matthias.

This work of repopulation and reconstruction has already been begun by Jews, who have created the nucleus of a flourishing settlement in Palestine during the last thirty years. All this has to be expanded, increased, developed and protected; but the basis is there, and the lines of progress are sufficiently marked out. This is the way, and there is no other. The Zionist Organization, the Baron Edmond _de_ Rothschild administration and the _Chovevé Zion_ are competent, by virtue of their knowledge and their devotion to the work, to suggest the necessary improvements. They alone know how much they have had to suffer through all kinds of obstacles which impeded and delayed development, through the absence of security in consequence of disputed title deeds and inability to acquire landed property, through exorbitant taxes and many other hindrances. Whatever has been done, in spite of these hindrances, is nothing short of a miracle; and a hundred times more could be done, and certainly would have been done, had there been freedom and security. Given those necessary conditions, the Jewish people could find in Palestine a real Homeland, where it could live according to its own spirit and work out its own civilization.

Now, the fundamental notion of civilization is that of a progressive movement, of a gradual development from the less to the more perfect. It suggests to us immediately the greatest activity and the best possible organization of society, an organization calculated to produce a continual increase of wealth and power and their proper distribution among its members, so that their condition is kept in a state of constant improvement. But great as is the influence which a well-organized civil society must have upon the condition of its members, the term civilization conveys something still more comprehensive and more lofty than the mere perfection of social relations in the economic sphere. In this other aspect the word embraces the development of the intellectual and moral faculties of man, of his feelings, his propensities, his natural capacities and tastes. Civilization in both aspects has to be worked out by the Jews in their own way. The rebuilding of a Home in the economic sense is not the sole aim of Zionism. Living, national Judaism on historic lines, expressing and asserting itself throughout the whole range of human life, is the principal object of Zionist effort: to procure for Jewish individuality the possibility of regaining harmony with itself, and of reaching its highest possible perfection, like any other national individuality, is an essential part of the Zionist programme. In this sense Zionism means the rebirth of Jewish civilization (or, as it is frequently termed, “culture”――“Jewish culture”).

Jews are not anxious to acquire military power; they reject and condemn the idea of subjugating any other people. On the other hand, they have grown tired of their rôle of a homeless Chosen People, and would prefer to be a self-supporting “small nation,” with a quiet spot of earth for themselves. They want to be united in an organic community, to feel entirely at home, with their institutions, congregations, societies, settlements, schools and with their national language, literature and Press. That, neither more nor less, is what Zionists look to as the goal of their efforts.

The only serious opposition to a return of the Jews to the Holy Land――and here we come to our third point――is that which is based upon the insecurity of political and economic conditions in Palestine. Zionism, therefore, demands improvement in these respects.

But how is that improvement to be brought about? The answer is supplied by Political Zionism, with its insistence on the security of public law.

“Political” Zionism does not mean politics for politics’ sake, nor does it mean state building as an end in itself. “Political” Zionists know perfectly well that political recognition by itself is nothing; one has to be on the spot to toil and to labour, to work out one’s destiny, and without this systematic work all rights are futile, all political combinations useless. The Jewish agriculturists, working-men, artisans, teachers and artists who have gone to Palestine to settle there, and those who are still to go, know better than all the preachers of Jewish spirituality what the essence of the Jewish character and aspirations should be and is: they not only know it, they help to make it, in the highest sense of the word. They are Jews, idealists, the People of the Book; all they seek for is life in peace. Without practical work in Palestine Zionism would have been one of a thousand futile political schemes, whereas now it is a solid national movement, the colonies being its most powerful argument, even from the strictly political point of view. But none the less some guarantee of security is indispensable. It makes no difference whether we lay more stress on culture or agriculture (the various activities have to be judiciously combined and balanced); in practice the importance of political and legal securities is too obvious to need particular emphasis. The reader of this book will have realized that this idea is no new-fangled invention of Zionism: it has been at the root of the attitude of various Governments which for generations have been occupied with the Near Eastern question. The innumerable schemes of reform suggested by England, France and other Powers during last century; the English projects of 1840; Great Britain’s protection of the Jews in the East; Lord Shaftesbury’s proposals; Sir Moses Montefiore’s negotiations with Mehemet Ali; the “Memorandum of the European Monarchs” of 1840; the suggestions for reform after the Crimean War――all these schemes and efforts, suggestions and demands presupposed the point of view which is expressed in “political” Zionism. The autonomy granted in 1860 to the Christians of the Lebanon, owing to the efforts of England and France, was a scheme very similar to that which Zionism contemplates for the Jews in Palestine. The idea was much the same as that in the Basle Programme: security, guaranteed by the Government of the country and other powers, for a successful settlement and the free development of a particular section of the population.

The Jewish settlers in Palestine will have to attach themselves to the soil, and to build up the superstructure of a complete settlement upon the model of their own ideas and spirit. In place of the existing forty to fifty Jewish colonies, Zionism wants four hundred to five hundred colonies. In place of the model town _Tel-Aviv_ Zionists want a hundred _Tel-Avivs_. They want as many schools and libraries, a University and factories and workshops. There is a clever saying:――

“_Narrative is linear, action is cubic._”

Happily, the stage of action has been entered in Palestine; we need only action on a larger scale. And for this enlargement and extension of its activities, for this colonization work which means the reopening and regeneration of a neglected country, Zionism needs such special facilities and protective measures as the Basle Programme contemplates when it speaks of a home for the Jewish people secured by public law. The formula may be varied, but the sense is abundantly clear: it means such rights and assurances as will, in existing conditions, help to lay the foundations of a modern Commonwealth for the Jewish people.

It has been thought by many that a Chartered Company would be the appropriate instrument for achieving this object; others have thought of concessions to the Zionist Organization and its financial institutions. But these questions of detail matter little at present. The _form_ will be decided by general conditions; the _principle_ is a Home secured as far as possible, and behind this again there is the great and profound idea of the reunion of the Jewish Nation with its nobler self. This idea has obtained currency and spread continually: it has progressed outwardly and inwardly taken shape, and has done more than any other idea to awaken and rekindle the powers of the Jewish race. It is an impulse of the national soul towards self-discovery and self-expression, and history testifies to the fact that all genuine impulses of this kind have attained their object.

The quotations which we have brought together in this book show us an unbroken chain of opinion that extends over several generations in England and in France. Throughout we observe the same convergence of ideal, practical and political reasons in support of the Zionist idea. Zionism is, indeed, not less practical for being based on sentiment. Englishmen have always been practical enough to be idealists, and it is not surprising that Zionism has always met with the greatest sympathy in England. This was the case even in the earlier stages of the Zionist idea, when there was no clear programme and no real activity. Now, when Zionism has a clear programme and has years of activity behind it, English interest in Zionism naturally grows stronger and deeper.

Zionism has, then, every reason to hope for the sympathy and support of the most enlightened Powers in its effort to secure the conditions necessary for the prosecution of its work in Palestine. But the achievement of a political success with this or that Power must never be mistaken for the real aim of Zionism. Its real aim is the regeneration――physical, economic, moral――of the Jewish people. That is a constructive task of the highest value from the point of view of humanity, and those who set their hands to such a task need many high qualities――patience and tenacity of purpose, experience and foresight. Above all, they need the gifts of imagination and optimism, without which no great object has ever been achieved. So at last the great day will dawn, and the task of Zionism will be accomplished.

INDEX

[The Volumes are indicated by I and II respectively.]

Aaronsohn, Aaron, Palestinian agriculturist, I, 287; II, 141

Abdallah, Pasha of Acre, I, 73‒4

Abdul Aziz, Sultan, I, 171, 186

Abdul Hamid, Sultan, I, 259, 303;
a petition to, I, 231; II, xxxviii, 279‒81

Abdul Medjid, Sultan, I, 104, 107, 108, 150, 153, 180

Abela, Mr. P., British Vice-Consul, on trade of Haifa, II, 398

Aberdeen, Lord, and Sir Moses Montefiore, I, 117‒18

Aboab, Rabbi Isaac, I, 44, 45; II, 183‒4

Aboo, Samuel, on Palestinian agriculture, I, 115

Abrabanel (Dormido), David, I, 16‒17; II, 170 note 1

Abrabanel, Don Isaac, I, 18, 24‒6, 45 note; II, 170 note 1

Abrabanel, Jona, I, 44 note 5

Abrahams, Dr. Israel, II, 67;
on the British and Foreign Bible Society, II, 218

Abrahams, Sir Lionel, II, 67

♦Abramowitsch, S. J. _See_ Mendele Mocher Sepharim

♦ “Abramowitch” replaced with “Abramowitsch”

“Achad Ha’am” (U. Ginzberg), Hebrew thinker and essayist, I, 279,
280, 281, 285; II, 51, 293, 422, 425;
on Pinsker, I, 224‒5

Acher, Matthias. _See_ Birnbaum, Nathan

Achmet Pasha, of Damascus, I, 170

_Achuzah_ Company, the first London, II, 378‒9

Actions Committee, the Zionist, II, 359‒60

Adams, President John, on the Restoration of Israel, I, 59, 136

Addison, Joseph, on the influence of the Bible on English
Literature, I, 11

Adler, Dr. Cyrus, and the British Declaration, II, 136

Adler, Mr. Elkan N., I, xi‒xii, ♦22 note 1, 46; II, 62, 237‒8

♦ These 2 references are in Volume 1, not Volume 2

Adler, Hermann, II, xxxvii;
on the Jewish colonies in Palestine, I, 246‒7; II, 319, 321

Adler, Marcus N., II, 321

Adler, Nathan M., and Palestine Colonization, I, xii, 135;
II, xxxviii f., 237 ff., 306

Adrichomus, Christianus, I, 61

Ahmad Jazzâr, Pasha of Acre, I, 67 ff.

Ahroni, Dr., Palestinian zoologist, II, 316, 328

Akenside, Mark, I, 11

Akiba, Rabbi, I, 223

Aktuaryus, J. F., I, xxxix

Aleinikoff, M., Russian Zionist leader, II, 98, 283, 293

Alexander, Mr. David L., and Zionism, II, 61, 62, 69

Alexander, J. A., on the Restoration of Israel, I, 165

Alexander the Great, I, xxiii, 173

Alexander II., Tsar, I, 150, 217

Alexeieff, General, and Russian Zionist soldiers, II, 40

Algazi, Rabbi, of Jerusalem, I, 73, 77‒79

Algerian Jews, Emancipation of, I, 180‒1

Alkalai, Rabbi Jehouda, II, 297 note 1

Allenby, General, II, 85, 152‒3

_Alliance Israélite Universelle_, the, I, 112, 181 ff., 191 note 1,
202, 205, 249, 250, 262, 291; II, 262, 318‒24, 383

Alperin, II, 284

Alroy, David, I, 143‒4

Altmann, Jewish painter, II, 344

Ambrose, on Pythagoras and Jewish learning, I, 29

America, admission of Jews to, I, 49‒51;
the “Lovers of Zion” in, I, 241 ff.;
Zionism in, II, 23, 25, 26, 28, 29, 30, 49, 79‒82, 133‒4, 355‒7

American Jewish Committee, the, on the British Declaration, II,
136‒7

American Jewry and Palestine, II, 39;
and War Relief Work, II, 37

American Zionist Medical Unit for Palestine, the, II, 131, 133 ff.

Amos, the prophet, and the Restoration of Israel, II, 163‒4

Amzulak, M. Haymen, British Consular Agent at Jaffa, II, 307‒8

Anaxagoras, quoted, I, 30

Anglo-Israelism, the theory of, II, 404

Anglo-Jewish Association, the, and Zionism, II, xxxix, 58 ff.,
318‒24

Anglo-Jewish Zionism, I, 115 ff.

Anglo-Levantine Banking Company, the, II, 374

Anglo-Palestine Company, the, I, 287, 288, 296; II, 373‒4

Annual Conference, the Zionist, II, xli, 360

Anspach, the Margravine of, I, 58

Anti-Semitism, I, 225‒6, 245, 290; II, xli;
and philo-Semitism, II, xxi

Anti-Socinus. _See_ Bayly, Rev. A.

Anti-Zionists, the, I, xx ff., 244‒6;
manifesto by, II, 58 ff.

Antokolski, Mark, II, 340, 346

Arab Question, the, I, 300‒2; II, 52, 107‒8, 109‒10, 121, 141,
392 ff.

Arama, Rabbi Isaac, I, 26

Argentine, Jewish Colonies in the, I, 258 ff.

Argyll, the Duke of, on the Earl of Shaftesbury, I, 121 note 1

el-Arish Expedition, the, II, xlv, 44

Aristotle, I, 27;
reputed to have been influenced by Jewish learning, I, 29

Armenian Question, the, I, 271; II, 19

Armenians and Jews, II, 107, 112, 116, 121

Arnold, Sir B., on Palestine, II, xlv‒xlvi

Arnold, Matthew, on the Old Testament, I, 3; II, 169

Arnold, Dr. Thomas, on the Restoration of Israel, I, 165

Aronovitz, M., Palestinian editor, II, 317, 387

Art, Jewish, and Zionism, I, 287; II, 333‒46

Artom, Benjamin, II, 140

Asch, Shalom, Hebrew and Yiddish writer, II, 316

Asher, Asher, I, 250

Asser, M. S., I, 81

Assimilation, Jewish school of, I, 128, 178, 254;
and English Jewry, I, 194‒5;
versus Zionism, I, 188 ff.;
Luzzatto on, II, 420

Athanasius, quoted, I, 28

Atlas, Eleasar, II, 315

Auberlen, Carl August, Swiss divine, on the Restoration of Israel,
I, 164

Auerbach, the brothers Elias and Israel, II, 302

Augustine on Miracles, I, 28

Australia, Zionism in, II, 23, 27

d’Avigdor, Elim, leader of the “Lovers of Zion,” I, 234‒6;
on Palestine Colonization, I, 239‒40

Azoury, M., anti-Zionist Arab, I, 301

Babkow, S. S., II, 293

Bacon, Lord, influenced by Scripture, I, 7‒8

Bahar, Jacques, I, 269

Bahia ibn Pakuda, I, 222

Balfour, Mr. A. J., on Zionism, I, xxix‒xxxiv; II, viii, xxvi,
xxxi, 82, 83 ff., 131, 143, 147;
and American Zionist Medical Unit, II, 136;
and Hebrew University, II, 151‒2

Balfour of Burleigh, Lord, on the British Declaration, II, 115

Balkan War, the, II, lv‒lvi

Bambus, Willy, II, 302

Barbasch, S. N., II, 293

Barlaeus, C., I, 42

Barnes, Mr. G. N., on the British Declaration, II, 131;
speech at Zionist Demonstration, II, 134‒5

Barrow, Isaac, and the Bible, I, 10, 13;

Basle Programme, the Zionist, I, xxiv, 134, 153, 311‒2

Bayly, the Rev. Anselm, on the Restoration of Israel, I, 93

Beaconsfield, Lord. _See_ Disraeli, Benjamin

Beaufort d’Hautpoul, General, I, 170

Bechir, Sheehab, Emir, I, 167

Beck, Mr., II, xxxiii

Becker, J., II, 304‒5

Bedersi, Rabbi Jedaiah, I, 26

Beer, F., Jewish artist, II, 344

Begley, the Rev. Walter, I, 52 note 1; II, 176‒9

Behar, Nissim, II, 216, 218, 321

Behm, Dr. A., Russian Zionist, II, 385

Beilis, the trial of, II, xix‒xx

Belgian Zionists, the, II, xlix, 25, 27, 358

Belkind, Deborah, II, 307

Belkind, Israel, I, 287; II, 80, 81, 306‒8, 316, 333

Belkovsky, Prof. Gregor, I, 269; II, 285‒6, 293

Benas, Baron Louis, account of journey to Palestine, II, 319 ff.

Ben-Avigdor, Hebrew writer and editor, II, 309

Bendemann, Edward, II, 335, 336

Bendetsohn, Hebrew writer, II, 315

Benisch, Abraham, and Palestine, I, 152 f., 174, 185 note 1;
II, xxxix‒xl, 319

Ben-Jehuda, Elieser, I, 287; II, 81, 284, 384

Bentwich, Mr. Herbert, I, 246, 296; II, xxxvii, xlii, xliii, liv,
lvi, lvii, 50, 51, 52, 349, 425

Bentwich, Major Norman, II, liv, 51

Benzion (Gutmann), S., II, 293, 309

Berditchewski, Dr., Hebrew writer, II, 309

Berkman, P., Hebrew educationist, II, 318

Berkowitsch, J. D., Hebrew writer, II, 318

Berkowitz, Hebrew novelist, II, 315

Berkowitz, Dr., Hebrew writer, II, 318

Berman, S., Hebrew educationist, II, 318

Bermann, Vassyli, II, 284‒5

Bernfeld, Dr. Simon, II, 309

Bernstamm, Leopold, Jewish sculptor, II, 340

Berr, M. Michael, I, 82‒83

Berr, M., I, 292

Berschadski, Hebrew novelist, II, 315

Bertinoro, Rabbi Obadiah, I, 224

Beshir Shehaab, prince of the Lebanon, I, 167

Beverwijck, Jan van, I, 24

Bezalel, the, Hebrew art school in Jerusalem, I, 287; II, 346,
381‒2

Bialik, Hebrew poet, I, 280, 293; II, 422

Bianchini, Commandante, II, 140

Bible, the, I, 91, 165;
its influence on English history, literature and character,
I, 2‒3;
its translation into English, I, 4;
and Lord Byron, I, 95 note 1;
and modern Hebrew writers, I, 273‒4

Bible Societies, British, I, 61; II, 218

Bicheno, the Rev. James, on the Restoration of Israel, I, 65,
88‒89, 92; II, 223‒4

Bierer, Ruben, II, 305

“Bilu,” the, agricultural pioneers in Palestine, I, 286‒7; II,
10, 147, 306‒8;
manifesto of, II, 332‒3;
“The Advanced Guard,” II, 401

Birnbaum, Bernard, II, xxxvii

Birnbaum, Nathan (Matthias Acher), I, 283; II, 296

Black, W. H., I, 185 note 1

Bloch, F., II, 344

Blondel, David, I, 42

Blood Libel, the, in Damascus, I, 110 ff., 119, 158, 159, 180

Blosz, K., II, 335

Board of Deputies of British Jews, the, and Zionism, II, 58 ff.

Bodenheimer, Dr. Max, I, 269; II, 302, 303, 357, 359

Boghos Nubar Pasha, on the British Declaration, II, 116, 409
note 1

Boghoz Bey, and Sir Moses Montefiore, I, 118; II, 409

Bogratschow, Dr., II, 304

Bohemia, Zionism in, II, 25

Bomesch, Ch., II, 293

Bonar Law, Mr. A. _See_ Law

Bornstein, Ch. J., Hebrew writer, I, 8 note; II, 315

Boruchow, A. U., II, 304

Boselli, Signor Paolo, and Zionism, II, 53

Bourgeois, M. Léon, on Zionism, I, 289‒91

Bowring, Sir John, on the Farhis of Damascus, I, 75

Braham, John, I, 97; II, 228

Brainin, Reuben, II, 309‒10

Brandeis, Justice L. D., II, 80, 355

Braude, Jacob, II, 294

Braude, Dr. M., II, 295, 305

Braun, M. Hirsch, II, 308

Braunstein, M., II, 317‒18

Brenner, Hebrew novelist, II, 315

Bright, John, and the Bible, I, 14 note 1

Brightman, Thomas, on the Restoration of Israel, I, 42‒3

Brill, Jechiel M., Hebrew editor in Palestine, I, 286; II, 286,
306

Britain, mission and policy in the East, I, viii, 155, 207;
and Palestine, II, 56;
and Turkey, I, 303‒4

British Declaration, the, II, xxxi, 83 ff.;
and the Entente Governments, II, 127‒31

British Palestine Committee (in Manchester), II, 54, 424‒5

British Protection of the Palestinian and the Eastern Jews, I,
112, 116 ff., 132, 134, 158 ff., 161 ff.

Brodetzky, Dr. Selig, II, 116

Brodski, J. J., II, 344

Brody, Dr. H., II, 286

Broides, R. A., II, 310

Brothers, Richard, and Anglo-Israelism, II, 404

Brown, Dr. David, on the Restoration of Israel, I, 164

Browne, Prof. E. G., II, xxii, xxiii

Browne, Sir Thomas, and the Bible, I, 12

Browning, and the Hebrew language, I, 14 note 1

Brutzkus, Julius, II, 281, 283

Bryce, Lord, on Zionism, I, xxxv‒xxxvii;
on the British Declaration, II, 114

Buber, Martin, I, 284; II, 286

Bueno, Dr. Ephraim H., I, 44‒45

Bulgaria, Zionism in, II, 1, 358

Bunny, Edmund, on ancient Israel, I, 41

Burghas Bey. _See_ Boghoz Bey

Burnet, Thomas, on the Restoration of Israel, I, 43

Busher, Leonard, on religious liberty, I, 19

Bychowski, Dr., II, 294

Byron, Lord, and the Bible, I, 12;
his “Hebrew Melodies,” I, 95‒99, 108; II, 228

Cabbala, the, I, 23, 28

Cadman, the Rev. Williams, on the Restoration of Israel, II, 411

Cahen, Isidore, on Dumas’s “La Femme du Claude,” II, 264

Calmet, Augustin, I, 61

Cambon, M. Jules, and Zionism, II, 53

Canada, General Conference of Jews in, II, lxii f.

Canada, Zionism in, II, xliv, lvii, 22, 29, 354

Canton, Mr. Wm., II, 218

Capitulations, the Turkish, I, 149‒50

Carcassone, Rabbi David, I, 31, 32, 33

Carlile, the Rev. W., and the Restoration of Israel to Palestine,
II, 405 ff.

Carlow, the inhabitants of, petition to Lord Palmerston for
Restoration of Israel to Palestine, II, 405 ff.

Carlyle, Thos., I, 3

Carnarvon, the Earl of, on the Eastern Question, I, 172‒3

Cartwright, Johanna and Ebenezer, petition for readmission of Jews
to England, I, 51; II, 210

Cassel, Sir Ernest, I, 254

Cattaui Pasha, II, 146

Catzius, Josias, II, 181‒2

Cazalet, Edward, on the Eastern Question, I, 207; II, 267‒9

Cecil, Lord Hugh, on the British Declaration, II, 115

Cecil, Lord Robert, and Zionism, I, 299; II, 62, 101‒3, 116

Cellarius, Christophorus, I, 61

Cerf-Berr, Lipman, I, 83

Challemel-Lacour, M., on Disraeli and Heine, II, 248‒9

Chamberlain, Joseph, I, xxix; II, xlv

Chaneles, Rabbi, II, 296

Charles I., I, 40

Charles II., I, 45

Chauvinism and Zionism, II, 403

Chazanovitch, Dr. Joseph, II, 293‒4, 344

Chissin, Dr., Palestinian educationist, II, 304, 333

Christadelphians, the, II, lxiii

Christian propaganda for the Restoration of Israel, I, 163 ff.;
II, lxiii

“Christian Observer,” the (1838), on the Restoration of Israel,
I, 99‒100

Christian, Prince and Princess, and Palestine Colonization, I, 208

Christina, Queen, of Sweden, I, 44

Church of Scotland, memorial for the Restoration of Israel (1840),
I, 131‒2

Churchill, Colonel Charles H., on England and the East, I, 155‒7

Citizenship and Jewish Nationalism, I, 92;
and the Torah, I, 194

Claff, Mr. S., II, xlii

Clarke, Dr. Thos., on the Restoration of Israel, I, 138‒9

Clearchus, quoted, I, 29

Clement, of Alexandria, I, 29

Cohen, Sir Benjamin Louis, I, 254

Cohen, the Rev. F. L., on Isaac Nathan, II, 227

Cohen, Mr. Israel, II, 116

Cohen, Mr. Leonard L., II, 67

Cohen, Mordecai, in “Daniel Deronda,” I, 210‒11

Cohen, Mr. S. J., II, 133

Cohn, Albert, I, 182

Colonization of Palestine: _see_ Palestine Colonization

Columbus, and Abraham Zacuto, II, 185

Conder, Colonel Claude R., I, 62;
on Palestine Colonization, I, 230; II, 274‒6;
on Zionism, I, 299‒300; II, lii‒liii, 391‒2

Conjoint Committee, the, and Zionism, II, 58 ff.;
protests against, II, 67 ff.

Conversionist tendencies, in the Christian propaganda for the
Restoration of Israel, I, 93

Cooper, the Rt. Rev. James, on the British Declaration, II, 115‒16

Cossacks, massacres of Jews by, I, 31, 32, 33

Cowen, Mr. Joseph, I, 296; II, xliii, liv, lvi, lvii, 50, 51, 52,
116, 140, 349, 425

Cowley, Abraham, and the Bible, I, 9‒10

Cowper, and the Bible, I, 11‒12

Crémieux, Isaac Moses Adolphe, I, 173, 180‒2; II, 262, 319;
Circular Letter to the Jews in Western Europe, II, 400

Cresson, Warder, American consul in Jerusalem, I, 136‒7

Crewe, the Marquess of, on the British Declaration, II, 114

Crimean War, the, I, 176 ff.

Cromer, Lord, I, 304;
and Zionism, II, 73

Cromwell, Oliver, I, 4‒5, 14, 40, 44, 52; II, 87

Cromwell, Richard, I, 44

Cunningham, Wm., and the Restoration of Israel, II, 404

Cylkow, Jewish artist, II, 344

Cyprus, I, 142, 303‒4;
and Palestine, II, 247‒8

Dagutzky, Rabbi, II, xliii

Daher, Sheikh, Pasha of Acre, I, 67

Dahl, Basil, I, 8 note 1

Daiches, Rabbi Israel H., II, 286‒7, 351

Daiches, Dr. Salis, II, lvi, 351

Daiches, Dr. Samuel, II, liv, lvi, 351;
on Lord Kitchener and the Palestine Exploration Fund, II, 219

Dallas, the Rev. Alex. B. C., on the Restoration of Israel,
II, 410

Damascus, the Jews of (1860), I, 173‒4;
massacres of Jews of, I, 110‒11;
massacres of Christians, I, 168

Damoiseau, French renegade, I, 74

Daniel, and the Restoration of Israel, II, 167

“Daniel Deronda,” I, 209‒12; II, 43

“David Alroy,” I, 143‒4

David Pasha, I, 170

Davidsohn, Elie, II, 300

Dawson, Sir John Wm., on the future of Palestine, II, 276‒9

Declaration of the British Government, the, I, xxvii; II, xxxi,
83 ff.;
and American Zionists, II, 99;
and Russian Zionists, II, 98‒99

Denmark, Zionism in, II, 358

De Quincey, on the Hebrew language, I, 7

“Der Orient” (1840), on Palestine as the Jewish homeland, I, 114

Dibdin, Sir L. T., on England and the Bible, I, 4

_Die Welt_, Zionist press organ, II, 21, 357

Dight, Mr. M. S., II, xliii

Dillon, M. L., II, 344

D’Israeli, Isaac, I, 140

Disraeli, Benjamin, Earl of Beaconsfield, I, 140‒5, 208 note 3;
II, xvii, 3, 246‒50;
and Heine contrasted, II, 248‒9;
and the Suez Canal, II, 246‒7

Doddridge, Dr. Philip, on the Restoration of Israel, I, 94

Dolitzky, M. M., II, 310

“Doomes-Day,” II, 181‒2

Draxe, the Rev. T., on Palestine under the Jews, I, 42

Dreyfus Affair, the, I, 112, 293

Dreyfus, Dr. Charles, II, 350

Drujanow, Hebrew publicist, II, 310

Drumont, Edouard, I, 293

Druses, the, I, 167 ff.

Dryden, John, and Scripture, I, 10

Dubnow, Shimon, II, 293

Dulberg, Captain, II, 133

Dumas’s “La Femme de Claude,” I, 204; II, 263‒5

Dunant, Jean Henri, I, xxvii, 198‒9;
appeals for Restoration of Israel to Palestine, I, 199‒201,
203‒4, 270; II, 259‒61, 265‒7, 417

Dunlop, Mr., II, xxxiii

Durham, the Rev. James, on the Restoration of Israel, I, 43

Dury, John, and the Readmission of Jews to England, I, 19, 51‒52;
II, 211, 212

Dutch West India Company, the, I, 57

East African Project, _see_ Uganda Offer

Eastern Europe, the Jews of, and the War, II, 2‒3

Eastern Question, the, I, 102 ff.

Ebner, Dr. Meyer, I, 269

Edel, Edmund, II, 335

Eder, Dr. M. D., II, 140

Edersheim, Dr., II, xlix

Edward, King, and Palestine Colonization, I, 208

Edwards, President, and the Restoration of Israel, II, 404

Egmont, Earl of. _See_ Perceval, John

Egypt and Turkey, I, 101 ff.;
British policy in, I, 304‒5

Egypt, Zionism in, II, 355

Ehrenpreis, Dr. Mordecai, II, 310

Eisenberg, Mr., II, 386

Eisenstadt, Rabbi Eleasar, II, 310

Eisenstadt (Barzilai), Joshua, II, 287

Eldad Ha-Dani, I, 25

Eliasberg, Rabbi Mordecai, II, 287

Eliaschew, Isidor, Hebrew and Yiddish writer, II, 300

Eliot, George, and Zionism, I, xxvii, 209‒12

Elizabeth, Queen, I, 4

Eljaschew, J., II, 283

Elyashar, Chief Rabbi Nissim, of Jerusalem, II, 147

Emancipation and Zionism, I, xx‒xxi, 130

Emden, Rabbi Jacob, I, 35 note 1

Emigration, the problem of, in 1906, II, li‒lii

Emmott, Lord, on the British Declaration, II, 115

England and Palestine, II, 43;
and the Restoration of Israel, I, 91 ff.;
and the study of Hebrew, I, 13‒14;
and Syria, I, 104‒6;
and Zionism, I, xxvi‒xxvii, 93, 295 ff.; II, xlii ff., liv,
42 ff., 58 ff.

English art of speaking, the, influenced by Scripture, I, 13

English Clergy, the (in the 17th century), and the Jewish people,
I, 2

English Jewry and Assimilation, I, 194‒5

English Press, the, and Zionism, II, 46‒47

English Reformation, the, I, 4

English Zionist Federation, the, I, 299; II, xl‒xli, 23, 27, 30,
48, 54 ff., 69, 99, 347 ff., 360‒2

Episcopius, Simon, I, 42

Epstein, Isaac, II, 316‒7

Epstein, Jacob, II, 344

Epstein, Jehuda, II, 344

Epstein, Rabbi Zerach, II, 147

Epstein, S. E., Hebrew writer, II, 315

Epstein, Zalman, II, 311

Erlanger, M. Michel, I, 291‒2; II, 290, 308

Erter, Isaac, I, 276

Ester, Julius, II, 335

l’Estrange, Hamon, II, 211

Ettinger, Mr. Jacob, II, 51, 425

Eugenie, ex-Empress, and Palestine Colonization, I, 203

European War, the, and Zionism, II, 1 ff.

Eyre, Joseph, on the Restoration of Israel, I, 99

Ezekiel, the prophet, and the Restoration of Israel, II, 166

Ezekiel, Moses Jacob, Jewish sculptor, II, 336, 345

Fairbairn, the Rev. Patrick, on the Restoration of Israel, I, 165

Fairfax, Lord, I, 51

Farbstein, Dr. David, II, 305

Farbstein, H., II, 295

Farhi, Haim, I, 63, 67‒75

Farhi, Moses, I, 68

Farhi, Mourad, I, 75

Farhi, Raphael, I, 68, 75, 76

Farhi, Saul, I, 67, 68, 69

Farhi, Solomon, I, 68, 75

Faud Pasha, I, 168, 173, 174

Federations, the Zionist, II, 360

Feinberg, David, I, 259

Feinberg, Mr. Is., II, 383

Feinberg, Joseph, II, 306‒8

Feisal, Prince, and Zionism, II, 142

Feiwel, M. Berthold, I, 284; II, 287

Feldstein, Mr. M., II, 294, 378

Felgenhauer, P., I, 42

Fels, Mrs. Mary, II, 134

Ferdinandus, Philip, II, 209

Fersht, Mr. B. A., II, 62

Feuchtwanger, Dr., II, 368

Feuerstein, Hebrew novelist, II, 315

Financial Institutions of Zionism, the, II, 371 ff.

Finburgh, Mr. S., II, 133

Finch, Sir Henry, on the Restoration of Israel, I, 48‒49; II,
207‒9

Finkel, E. D., II, 318

Finn, James, British Consul, in Jerusalem, I, 159, 161 ff.; II,
412‒13

Finn, S. J., II, 296

Finzi, Mr., British Consular agent at Acre, I, 161

Fischel, E. B., II, 335

Fischer, M. Jean, Belgian Zionist leader, II, xlix, 358

Fischer, M. Oscar, II, xlix

♦Fischmann, Hebrew writer, II, 315, 317

♦ The reference to “Frischmann” was corrected to “Fischmann”
and added to this reference.

Fox, Dr. Samuel, II, 351

France, Zionism in, I, 176 ff., 200, 289 ff.

Frank, Dr., II, 303, 359

Frankel, Zacharias, II, 288

Frankfurter, Professor Felix, II, 82

Franklin, Mr. Ernest L., II, 67

Franklin, Mr. Jacob, II, xl

Fremantle, the Rev. W. R., on the Restoration of Israel, II,
410‒11

French Government, the, and the British Declaration, I, xxvii;
II, 127‒8;
and the Hebrew University, II, 152;
and Zionism, II, 52, 53

French Jewry, the, I, 84‒85;
and the Restoration of Israel (in 1798), I, 65‒66; II, 220‒2;
and Zionism, I, 291 ff.

French Revolution, the, I, 178, 290

French Society of the Promised Land, the, I, 182

French West India Company, the, I, 57

Frenk, N. J., II, 317

Friedberg, A. S., II, 311

Friedemann, Dr. Arthur, II, 302, 359

Friedenwald, Dr. Harry, II, 82

Friedlaender, W., II, 335

Friedlaender, Prof. Israel, II, 82

Friedmann, N. M., II, 293

Friedson, Mr. L., II, 133

Frug, Simon, II, 318

Frumkin, M., II, 386

Fuchs, Dr., II, xliv

Fuchs, S. I., II, 311

Fuller, Thomas, on the Restoration of Israel, I, 42 note 4,
52‒53, 61

Furtado, Abraham, I, 82, 87

Gabirol, Solomon ibn, I, 26

Galicia, Zionism in, II, 22‒23;
the Jews of, and Baron de Hirsch, I, 261‒2

Galilee, Josephus on the population of, I, 309

Gasparri, Cardinal, and Zionism, II, 53

Gaster, Haham Moses, I, 272, 296; II, xxxvii, xlii, liv, lvi,
lvii, 45, 48, 50, 51, 52, 106, 108‒9, 307, 348;
letter to “The Times” (1897), II, xli‒xlii

Gawler, Colonel George, on the Restoration of Israel to Palestine,
I, 137‒8, 162, 174‒5; II, 410, 417

George, Mr. D. Lloyd, and Zionism, II, xxxi, 131‒3

Germany, Zionism in, II, 357

Gerondi, Rabbi Moses ben Nachman, I, 223

Gerondi, Rabbi Zerahiah, I, 27

Ghetto, the, I, 191‒2, 215

Gilbert, Mr. S., II, 62, 68, 427

Gill, Dr. John, on the Restoration of Israel, I, 99

Ginsberg, Usher. _See_ Achad Ha’am.

♦Ginzburg, Ilja, II, 340, 346

♦ “Guenzburg” replaced with “Ginzburg”

Gladstone, I, 133, 144;
and Zionism, I, 237‒8;
on the Jewish people, I, 238‒9;
on Palestine and Greece contrasted, I, 239

Glitzenstein, H., II, 342, 343

“Globe,” the, (in 1846), on the Restoration of Israel to Palestine,
I, 129 ff.

Gluskin, M. W., II, 294, 386

Goethe’s “Hermann and Dorothea,” translated into Hebrew, I, 275

Goldberg, Boris and Isaac, I, 282; II, 51, 98, 141, 146, 287,
296, 329, 359

Goldbloom, the Rev. J. K., II, liv, 351

Goldin, E., Hebrew writer, II, 318

Goldschmidt, Salomon H., I, 254

Goldsmid, Lt.-Col. Albert, I, 217 note 1, 233‒4, 258; II,
xxxvii, 43

Goldstein, A., II, 283, 293

Gollancz, Professor (Sir) Israel, II, 67

Gollancz, Rev. Prof. H., II, xxxvii, 353

Goodman, Mr. Paul, II, 51

Gordon, David, I, 227, 277; II, xxxviii, 9, 306, 388

Gordon, General C. G., I, 3

Gordon, Judah Löb, I, 276

Gordon, S. L., I, 8; II, 295

Gorst, Sir John, II, xxii

Gott, Samuel, author of “Nova Solyma,” II, 176 note 2

Gottheil, Prof. Richard, II, 82, 356

Gottlieb, Dr., II, 295

Gottlieb, Leopold and Moritz, II, 341‒2, 344

Gottlober, A. B., Hebrew poet, II, 315

Gouge, the Rev. Dr. Wm., on the Restoration of Israel, I, 47‒49

Graetz, Heinrich, and Jewish Nationalism, II, 320;
influenced by Moses Hess, I, 179 note 1, 277

Gray, Thos., I, 11

Grazowski, J., II, 287

Greece’s influence on mankind, I, 1;
Zionism in Greece, II, 27, 29

Green, John Richard, on the English Reformation, I, 4

Green, Mr. Michael, II, 67

Greenberg, Mr. L. J., I, 296; II, xlii, xliii, liv, 349‒50

Greenwood, Frederick, on Disraeli and the Suez Canal, II, 246‒7

Grégoire, Abbé, I, 41 note 2

Grey of ♦Falloden, Viscount, on the Declaration, II, 113

♦ “Fallodon” replaced with “Falloden” for consistency

Grinberg, Ch., II, 283, 293

Gronemann, Dr., II, 302

Gross, August, II, 335

Grossmann, W., II, 293

Grotius, Hugo, I, 42

Grunbaum, Isaac, II, 283, 294, 295

♦Guedalla, Haim, II, xxxvii, 302

♦ “Guedella” replaced with “Guedalla” for consistency

Günzburg, Baron Horace, I, 258‒9

Günzburg, M. A., I, 275‒6

Gurevitsch, Ch. D., II, 301

Gurevitsch, E. R., II, 293

Gutmacher, Rabbi Elias, appeals to English Jews for Palestine
Colonization, I, 202; II, 262‒3

Gwydyr, Lord, on Arabs and Zionists, I, 300; II, 392 ff.

_Ha’am_, Hebrew-Russian paper, II, 21

de Haas, Mr. Jacob, II, xlii, xliii, 82

Hadassah, American Women Zionists’ Union, II, 133 ff.

Haffkine, Dr. W. M. W., I, 292

Halévy, Joseph, I, 292

Hall, Alfred, I, ♦185 note 1

♦ “note 6” replaced with “note 1”

Hallevi, Jehudah. _See_ Jehudah Hallevi

Halpern, G., II, 301

Hamelsveld, Ijsbrand van, I, 61

Hantke, Dr. Arthur, I, 284; II, 302, 359

Harkavy, Dr. Abraham, Hebraist, II, 315

Harris, Dr. W., and the Restoration of Israel, II, 404

Harrison, John, on Jewish Emancipation, I, 51; II, 210‒11

“Haskalah” writers, the, I, 274‒6

Havelock, Sir H., and the Bible, I, 3

Hebrew Culture, I, 279;
fund for, II, 377‒8

Hebrew Language, the, I, 6 ff., 274;
not a dead language, I, 6;
Luzzatto and, II, 420;
Board at Jerusalem, II, 317, 384;
Revival Societies, II, lvi, 350‒1

Hebrew Library, the, in Jerusalem, II, 293‒4, 384‒5

Hebrew literature (in Holland), I, 23‒24;
modern, I, 273‒80; II, 309 ff.

“Hebrew Melodies,” Byron’s, I, 95 ff.; II, 228

Hebrew music, I, 97, 99

Hebrew printing (in Amsterdam), I, 22

Hebrew Revival in Palestine, the, I, 285 ff.

Hebrew Schools in Palestine, the, II, 380 ff.

Hebrew teachers in Palestine, Union of, II, 384

Hebrew translation of Milton’s “Paradise Lost,” I, 9 note 2;
of Pope’s “Messiah,” I, 10 note 4;
of some of Shakespeare’s plays, I, 8 note 1

Hebrew University in Jerusalem, the, II, xxxiv‒xxxv, 48;
laying of foundation stones of, II, 145 ff.;
President Wilson on, II, 130;
Sir John Gray Hill on, II, lx‒lxi

Hebron, II, 323

Hechler, Rev. Dr. W. H., Christian Zionist, I, 270

Hedjaz, the King of, and Zionism, II, 142

Heine, Heinrich, I, 241;
and Disraeli contrasted, II, 248‒9

Hellenistic theories of life, Hess on the, I, 290

Hellenists, the, I, 223

Heman, Professor C. F., and Zionism, I, 271

Henderson, Mr. Arthur, on the British Declaration, II, 113‒14

Henderson, Dr. Ebenezer, on the Restoration of Israel, I, 165

Henriques, Mr. H. S. Q., II, 67, 68, 69

Henry, Sir Charles S., II, 67

Hermoni, Hebrew writer, II, 318

Herschell, Chief Rabbi Solomon, I, 113 note 2

Hertz, Chief Rabbi J. H., and Zionism, II, 45, 62, 65, 66, 104‒6,
116, 354

Herzberg, Dr. William, II, 288

Herzl, Theodor, I, xxv, 112, 259, 263 ff., 281, 282, 283, 288‒9,
292, 297, 298; II, xxxviii, xlviii, lxii, 5‒6, 10, 13, 84,
98, 122, 146;
and Baron de Hirsch, I, 259;
and England, I, 295, 296; II, xliv, 43‒44;
and Wolffsohn, II, 389

Hess, Moses, I, 277, 290;
on the Mission of Israel, I, 179;
his “Rome and Jerusalem,” I, 179 note 1

Heymann, Dr. H. G., II, 303, 359

Hildesheimer, Dr. Hirsch, II, 302

Hildesheimer, Dr. Israel, II, 302

Hill, Sir J. G., II, 145;
on Palestine Colonization, II, lviii‒lix;
on the Hebrew University, II, lx‒lxi

Hillel, the elder, I, 222

Hillesum, M. J. M., I, 22

Hindes, Dr. T., II, 294

Hirsch, Baron de, I, 248 ff.;
Baroness Clara de, I, 248, 256, 262;
Lucien de, I, 256

Hirsch, Dr. S. A., II, xxxvii, 353

Hirschenberg, Samuel, II, 342

Hirschensohn, Isaac M., II, 288

Hochman, Dr. Joseph, II, lvi

Hochmann, II, 344

Hodge, Mr. John, on the British Declaration, II, 115

Hoga, Stanislaus, I, 10 note 4

Holland, Zionism in, II, xlix, 22, 23, 25‒6, 30, 357‒8

Hollingsworth, the Rev. A. G. H., on the Restoration of Israel,
I, 36 note 3;
on the Jews of Palestine, I, 137

Holy Places, the, in Palestine, I, 157; II, 53, 57;
the Russian guardianship of, I, 146 ff.

Homer, quoted, I, 30

Homes, Dr. Nathanael, I, 44

Horowitz, Leopold, II, 339‒40

Horowitz, Mr. P., II, 116

Horsley, Bishop Samuel, on the Restoration of, I, 56‒7

Horwitz, Rabbi Isaiah, I, 23, 24

Hosea, the prophet, and the Restoration of Israel, II, 164

Hugo, Victor, and the Russian massacres in 1881‒2, I, 213

Hunt, Holman, in Palestine, I, 163;
on the Restoration of Israel to Palestine, I, 298‒9

Hunter, Rev. Dr. Henry, on the Restoration of Israel, I, 99

Hurwitz, J. B., I, 275

Hurwitz, S. J., II, 311

Huszar, Adolf, II, 336

Huxley, Thomas, on the Bible, I, 4

Hyamson, Mr. Albert M., I, 286 note 1; II, vi, 51, 87, 348, 425

Hyde, Earl of Clarendon, and the Bible, I, 12

Ibrahim Pasha, I, 122

Idelsohn, M. A., II, 281, 283, 293, 359

Ignatius, Father, on the Jewish race and Palestine, I, 237‒8

Imperiali, the Marquis, II, 129, 139

India, Zionism in, II, 24

Inquisition, the Spanish, I, 30, 32, 33, 45

Isaiah, the prophet, and the Restoration of Israel, II, 164‒5

Ismail Abdul-al-Akki, Shaikh, on Zionism, II, 109‒10

Israel, the name, “spiritually” explained, I, 165;
use of name, in the 17th century, I, 2

Israel’s national future, I, xv

Israels, Joseph, II, 337‒8, 345

Italian Government, the, and Zionism, II, 53;
and the British Declaration, I, xxvii; II, 129

Jabotinski, Vladimir, Hebrew and Russian journalist, II, 316

Jacobs, Joseph, on “Daniel Deronda,” I, 211 note 1

Jacobs, the Rev. S., II, 319

Jacobsohn, Dr. Victor, I, 284, 292; II, 299, 359

Jacoby, C., II, 335

Jaffa in 1885, II, 320;
the Hebrew High School in, II, 381

Jaffe, L., II, 283, 301

James I., I, 4, 48, 49

Jannaway, Mr. Frank, II, lxiii

Janowski, S. J., II, 283, 293

Jasinowski, M. Isidore, I, 269; II, 294

Jastrow, Dr. Marcus, II, 356

Jatzkan, S., II, 317

Jawitz, M. Wolf, II, 311

Jehoash, II, 318

Jehudah Hallevi, I, 95, 223;
on the Jewish soul, I, 31

Jellicoe, Lord, II, xxxi

Jellinek, Dr. Adolf, and Baron de Hirsch, I, 261‒2

Jelski, Dr., II, 298

Jeremiah, the prophet, and the Restoration of Israel, II, 165‒6

Jerusalem, the consulates in, I, 157;
the Jews of, during Napoleon’s Campaign, I, 72‒73;
statistics of, in 1885, II, 320 ff.

Jessel, Albert H., II, xxxvii

Jessey (Jacie), Henry, on the Restoration of Israel, I, 52; II,
212‒15

Jewish Colonial Trust, the, I, 288, 296; II, 371‒3

Jewish colonies, in America, I, 57‒8;
in Palestine: _see_ Palestine, the colonies in

Jewish Colonization Association, the, I, 249, 253‒4, 262; II,
49, 383

Jewish Colonization in Palestine, and the French Government, II,
53

“Jewish Culture,” I, 264, 310

Jewish emigration, I, 214‒15;
immigration to England, I, 228

Jewish National Fund, the, I, 270, 296; II, 11, 31‒32, 374‒7

Jewish nationalism, the term of, I, xi;
the idea of, I, 188, 190, 193;
and Manasseh Ben-Israel, I, 29

Jewish problem, the, I, 111, 215‒16, 226, 256 (in Russia), 265
ff.; II, 37;
at the conclusion of the War, II, 155 ff.;
Emma Lazarus on, I, 242;
an English publicist on, II, 255‒6;
George Eliot on, I, 211

Jewish race, the, I, 140‒1, 245;
Disraeli on, I, 143;
Laharanne on, I, 189;
Manasseh Ben-Israel on, I, 36 ff.;
Shaftesbury on, I, 123

Jewish soul, the, Jehudah Halevi on, I, 31;
Manasseh Ben-Israel on, I, 29

Jewish sufferings during the War, I, xxii‒xxiii; II, 33 ff.

Jewish Territorial Organization, the, I, 296; II, 140, 349

Jewish tragedy, the, I, 66, 69

Jewish University in Jerusalem, proposed in 1864, I, 182 note 1

Jochelmann, Dr. D., II, 116, 304, 305

Joel, the prophet, and the Restoration of Israel, II, 163

Johnstone, the Rev. W. H., on the Restoration of Israel to
Palestine, I, 153‒4

Jortin, Dr. John, on the Jewish people, I, 56

Josephus, on the population of Galilee, I, 309

Judaism, the spiritual character of, I, xvi‒xvii;
a national tie, I, 188 ff.

_Jüdischer Verlag, der_, II, 357

Junker, Hermann, II, 335

Justin Martyr, I, 28, 29

Justinian, the laws of, I, 1

“Kadima” formed in East London for Palestine Colonization, I, 228

“Kadima,” Jewish-national students’ association, I, 283‒4; II,
296‒8;
appeals for Palestine Colonization, II, 325‒6

Kahn, Grand Rabbin Zadoc, and Zionism, I, 271‒2, 291; II, 290, 308

Kahn, Dr. Leo, II, 382

Kalischer, Rabbi Hirsch, appeals for Palestine Colonization, I,
202; II, 262‒3

Kaliski, Julian, II, 295

Kalonymos ben Kalonymos, quoted, I, 26‒7

Kalwaryjski, M., II, 305

Kaminer, Isaac, II, 311‒12

Kaminka, Aaron, II, 312

Kann, M. Jacobus, II, xlviii‒xlix, 357, 359

Kantor, J. L., Hebrew writer, II, 315

Kantowitz, P., Hebrew educationist, II, 318

Kaplan, Eleasar, II, 294

Karan, Joseph, I, 170

Kassab Farid, on Jewish Colonization in Palestine, I, 301‒2

Katib, the office of, I, 68

Kattowitz Conference, the, of the “Lovers of Zion,” II, 418‒9

Katz, Benzion, Hebrew writer, II, 315

Katzenelsohn, Isaac, Hebrew poet, II, 316

Katzenelsohn, Dr. J. C., II, 312

Katzenelsohn, Dr. N., II, 288‒9

Kauffmann, Isidor, II, 340‒1

Kaufmann, Professor David, and Zionism, I, 277

“Kedem,” Hebrew Literary and Educational Fund, II, 377‒8

Keith, Dr. Alexander, I, 137

Kerry, Lord (Marq. of Lansdowne), on the influence of Scripture
translation on English literature, I, 13

Kerschberg, A. S., Hebrew writer, II, 312

Kesrawani, M. Wadia, on the British Declaration, II, 110

Kessler, Mr. Leopold, II, 350, 425

King Edward, on the Restoration of Israel, I, 56

Kingsborough, Viscount, and proposed Jewish Colonization in
Mexico, I, 58

Kinnaird, the Hon. D. J. W., and Byron’s “Hebrew Melodies,” I, 97

Kirszrot, Jan, II, 294‒5

Kirwan, F. D., on the French “Sanhedrim,” I, 86 ff.; II, 222

Kitchener, Lord, II, xxvi;
and the Palestine Exploration Fund, I, 62; II, ♦liii, 219

♦ moved to Volume II from I

Klausner, Dr. Joseph, II, 293, 312

Klazkin, Dr., II, 304

Klebanow, J., II, 283

Klee, Dr., II, 302, 359

Klein, Max, Jewish sculptor, II, 336

Klein, Rabbi D., and Mizrachi Zionism, II, 368

Kleinmann, Moses, II, 317

Knell, the Rev. Paul, on Israel and England, I, 2; II, 168

Kohan-Bernstein, Dr. J., I, 269; II, 289

Kokesh, Dr. Oser, I, 269

Korkis, Dr., I, 269

Kornfeld, Dr. Sigmund, I, 269

Kramstück, II, 344

Kremenetzky, Julius M., I, 269; II, 308, 359

Krochmal, Nachman, I, 276‒7; II, 422

Lachmann, S., II, 302

Lachower, P., Hebrew writer, II, 318

Lachowski, A. B., II, 344

Laharanne, Ernest, appeals for Restoration of Israel to Palestine,
I, 179‒80;
on Jewish genius, I, 189

Lamartine, M. de, I, 128

Lamb, Lady Caroline, I, 98

Lamington, Lord, on the British Declaration, II, 116‒17

Landau, Miss Annie, II, 383

Landau, Mr. Herman, II, xxxvii

Landau, the Rev. Dr. J. L., II, 354

Landau, Dr. S. R., II, 296

Langdon, Mr. E. H., II, 133

Lansdowne, Lord, and the East African offer, I, 297

La Peyrère, Isaac de, on the Restoration of Israel, I, 41‒42;
II, 180

Laski, Mr. Nathan, II, 133

Laud, Archbishop, I, 42 note 3, 48

Law, Mr. A. Bonar, and Zionist representatives, II, 123‒4

Layard, Sir A. H., on England and Syria, I, 157

Lazar, II, 318

Lazare, Bernard, and Zionism, I, xxvii, 269, 292‒4

Lazarus, Emma, I, 241 ff.;
“The Banner of the Jews,” II, 400‒1

League of Nations, the, II, 160

Lebanon, the, the constitution of, I, 171 ff.;
the, the problem of, I, 167 ff.

Lebensohn, Abraham Dob Bär, I, 275

Lebensohn, Micah Joseph, I, 275

Leibnitz, on the conquest of Egypt, I, 42 note 1

Leibowitz, M., II, 318

Leman, Moses, I, 81

Leon (Templo), Rabbi J. J. A. de, I, 45; II, 185‒6

Lepsius, Dr. Johannes, and Zionism, I, 270‒1

Lesser, Alexander, Jewish painter, II, 339

Leverson, Montague, I, 185 note 1

Levi, Aaron, on the Lost Ten Tribes, I, 18, 19, 25, 29, 40

Levi, David, on the Restoration of Israel, I, 93‒94;
against Dr. Priestley, II, 226

Lévi, Professor Sylvain, II, 140

Levin, Dr. Shemaryah, I, 284; II, 80, 298‒9, 355, 359

Levinski, L., II, 293, 312‒13

Levitan, Isaac, II, 340

Levontin, Mr. David, I, 287; II, 51, 147, 306‒7

Levy, Benoit, on the Restoration of Israel, I, 179

Levy, Dr. Camille, II, 1

Lévy, Emil, II, 335, 336

Levy, H. Leopold, II, 336‒7

Levy, Mr. Joshua M., II, 67, 69

Lévy-Bing, Lazar, on Jewish nationalism, I, 178‒9, 204

Lewin-Epstein, Mr. Elisha, II, 82, 134

Lewis-Barned, Captain H., II, xxxvii

Lewite, J., II, 294

Lewite, Leon, II, 295

Libowitz, M., II, 147, 333

Libuschitzki, A., Hebrew educationist, II, 318

Lichtheim, Richard, II, 303

Liebermann, Professor Max, II, 338‒9

Lightfoot, John, I, 61

Ligne, Prince de, on the Restoration of Israel, I, 90

Lilien, Ephraim M., I, 284; II, 341‒2

Lilienblum, Moses L., I, 278, 281; II, 293

Lima, Mr. de, II, xlix

Lindsay, Lord, and his travels in the Holy Land, I, 122, 124

Lippe, Dr. Karl, I, 269; II, 307

Lipsky, Mr. Louis, II, 82

Litvak, Juda, I, 81

Livingstone, and the Bible, I, 3

Locke, Mr., and the Restoration of Israel, II, 404

Löwe, Dr. H., II, 302

Loewe, Dr. Louis, II, xxxviii, 252‒3, 409

London Opera House, the great Zionist demonstration at the, II,
xxx, 47, 99 ff.

Long, Mr. Walter, on the British Declaration, II, 113

“L’Orient,” appeals for Restoration of Israel to Palestine in 1866,
I, 200‒1

Loudvipol, Abraham, II, 317

“Lovers of Zion” (_Chovevé Zion_), the, I, viii, xxiv, 112, 216,
227, 231 ff., 280 ff., 288; II, 43, 124;
the Kattowitz Conference, II, 418‒19;
in England and America, I, 245‒6; II, xxxvii;
send petition to Sultan, I, 231; II, 279‒81;
in France, I, 232‒3; II, xxxvii;
in Russia, I, 278;
in Odessa, I, 227, 281; II, 293, 383;
in Bialystok, II, 293‒4;
in Warsaw, II, 294‒5;
in Lodz, II, 295;
in Minsk, II, 295‒6;
in Pinsk, II, 296;
in Wilna, II, 296;
in Charkow, II, 306 ff.;
and Baron de Hirsch, I, 259‒60;
and Zionism, II, xxxvii, xl, xlviii

Löwenthal, Dr. G. and Baron de Hirsch, I, 258

Lowth, Bishop, on the Restoration of Israel, I, 94

Löwy, Dr. Albert, II, xxxix, 319

Lubarski, A. E., II, 293

Lucy, Sir Henry, II, 246

Luncz, Abraham Moses, I, 286; II, 289, 385

Luria, Rabbi Isaac, I, 23, 28, 29

Luria, Samuel, II, 294

Lurie, Joseph, II, 289

Luzzatto, S. D., I, 276‒7;
on Assimilation, II, 420;
on the Hebrew language, II, 420;
on the Jewish Mission, II, 420‒1;
on Palestine Colonization, II, 421

“Maccabean” tour in Palestine, I, 246‒7

Maccabean Land Company, the, II, 380

Maccabeans, Order of Ancient, the, I, 285; II, xl, 349

Maccabœans, the, I, 223

M’Caul, Alexander, I, 10 note 4, 126; II, 413

MacInnes, Bishop, of Jerusalem, II, 146, 147

Mack, Judge Julian W., American Zionist leader, II, 82, 136

Magnes, Dr. J. L., II, 356

Magnus, Mr. Laurie, II, 67

Magnus, Sir Philip, II, 68

Mahmud II., Sultan, I, 102, 107, 147

Maighen, Mr., on Palestine and England, II, lxii‒lxiii

Maimon, Moses, II, 343‒4

Maimonides, I, 28, 276

Malachi, the prophet, and the Restoration of Israel, II, 167

Manasseh ben Israel, I, 15 ff., 42, 44, 52, 54, 183; II, 169 ff.,
176, 181, 183, 188‒9, 211, 214, 215;
as Zionist, I, 16;
his Jewish national self-consciousness, I, 26

“Manchester Guardian,” the, and Zionism, II, 46

Mandelkern, Solomon, Hebrew poet and scholar, II, 315

Mandelstamm, Professor Max, I, 269; II, 306

Mane, M. Z., II, 313

Maneritsch, A. A., II, 344

Manifesto to the Jewish people, a Zionist, II, 124‒7

Mann, Mr. Jacob, II, vi

Mapu, Abraham, I, 276

Marks, Mr. Simon, II, 133, 425

Markus, II, 344

Marmorek, Dr. Alexander, I, 292; II, 359

Marmorek, Isidore, I, 292

Marmorek, Oscar, I, 292; II, xliv

Maronites, the, I, 167 ff.

Marranos, the, I, 15, 23, 25, 31, 32‒3

Marschak, Dr., II, 304, 381

Marsh, the Rev. William F., on the Restoration of Israel to
Palestine, I, 113 note 2

Marshall, Mr. Louis, and the British Declaration, II, 136

Massarini, Tullo, II, 335‒6

Massel, J., I, 40 note 1; II, xlii, xliii, 350, 384

Maze, Rabbi Jacob, II, 281

Mazzini, I, xvii

Mead (Mede), the Rev. Joseph, on Sir Henry Finch, II, 208;
on the literal interpretation of the Bible, I, 166