Chapter III: Other Historical Records

_China_--Oldest existing Civilization--but Records much later
than those of Egypt and Chaldæa--Language and Traditions
Accadian--Communication how effected.

_Elam_--Very Early Civilization--Susa, an old City in First
Chaldæan Records--Conquered Chaldæa in 2280 B.C.--Conquered
by Assyrians 645 B.C.--Statue of Nana--Cyrus an
Elamite King--His Cylinder--Teaches Untrustworthiness
of Legendary History.

_Phoenicia_--Great Influence on Western Civilization--but Date
comparatively late--Traditions of Origin--First distinct
Mention in Egyptian Monuments 1600 B.C.--Great Movements
of Maritime Nations--Invasions of Egypt by Sea
and Land, under Menepthah, 1330 B.C., and Ramses III.,
1250 B.C.--Lists of Nations--Show Advanced Civilization
and Intercourse--but nothing beyond 2000 or 2500 B.C.

_Hittites_--Great Empire in Asia Minor and Syria--Turanian
Race--Origin Cappadocia--Great Wars with Egypt--Battle
of Kadesh--Treaty with Ramses II.--Power rapidly declined--but
only finally destroyed 717 B.C. by Sargon II.--Capital
Carchemish--Great Commercial Emporium--Hittite
Hieroglyphic Inscriptions and Monuments--Only
recently and partially deciphered--Results.

_Arabia_--Recent Discoveries--Inscriptions--Sabæa--Minæans--Thirty-two
Kings known--Ancient Commerce and Trade-routes--Incense
and Spices--Literature--Old Traditions--Oannes--Punt--Seat
of Semites--Arabian Alphabet--Older
than Phoenician--Bearing on Old Testament Histories.

_Troy and Mycenæ_--Dr. Schliemann's Excavations--Hissarlik--Buried
Fortifications, Palaces, and Treasures of Ancient Troy--Mycenæ
and Tiryns--Proof of Civilization and Commerce--Tombs--Absence
of Inscriptions and Religious Symbols--Date
of Mycenæan Civilization--School of Art--Pictures on
Vases--Type of Race 66

CHAPTER IV.

ANCIENT RELIGIONS.

Egypt--Book of the Dead--Its Morality--Metaphysical
Character--Origins of Religions--Ghosts--Animism--Astronomy
and Astrology--Morality--Pantheism and Polytheism--Egyptian
Ideas of Future Life and Judgment--Egyptian
Genesis--Divine Emanations--Plurality of Gods
and Animal Worship--Sun Worship and Solar Myths--Knowledge
of Astronomy--Orientation of Pyramids--Theory
of Future Life--the Ka--the Soul--Confession of
Faith before Osiris.

Chaldæan Religion--Oldest Form Accadian--Shamanism--Growth
of Philosophical Religion--Astronomy and Astrology--Accadian
Trinities--Anu, Mull-il, Ea--Twelve great
Gods--Bel-Ishtar--Merodach--Assur--Pantheism--Wordsworth--Magic
and Omens--Penitential Psalms--Conclusions
from 105