Chapter I: Preface

The writing of a preface is perhaps superfluous for a book which has had a large and steady sale for nearly twenty years, and which has evidently met with the approval of a large constituency. A few words of introduction appear, however, desirable in view of the facts that the present edition has been almost entirely re-written; that a large amount of new matter has been introduced; and that, so far as is known, the comments on each subject represent the most recent and authoritative knowledge upon it.

An attempt has been made to meet the requirements of medical students, as well as of science students and general readers, for whom former editions were chiefly intended. A large class of medical students and practitioners do not require the detailed statement of the subject contained in the larger text-books. For them, and, it is hoped, also for a large number of candidates for diplomas in public health and in sanitary science, the present edition will prove to be useful. At the same time, the subject has been treated as non-technically as is consistent with accuracy, in order to retain its suitability for non-medical readers. A large number of new illustrations have been introduced.

The new chapters dealing with Dietetics, Trade Nuisances, Meteorological Observations, Tuberculosis, Disinfection, and Vital Statistics will, it is believed, enhance the value of the book.

Attention is also drawn to the solutions of mathematical problems in the different branches of hygiene, of which a table of contents is given on page viii.

In its new form, it is hoped that this work will be found to have retained its value as a plain and straightforward account of its subject for the general public and for science students; and to have become a practical guide to sanitary inspectors and to medical students, whether preparing for a diploma in public health, or studying hygiene as an important branch of medicine. The use of smaller type for specially technical matter of less general interest will facilitate discriminative reading.

ARTHUR NEWSHOLME.

BRIGHTON,
_February 28th, 1902_.

TABLE OF CONTENTS.

CHAPTER. PAGE

I.—INTRODUCTORY 1

II.—FOOD 4

III.—THE VARIETIES OF FOOD 9

IV.—DISEASES DUE TO FOOD 23

V.—DIET 29

VI.—THE PREPARATION AND PRESERVATION OF FOOD 38

VII.—CONDIMENTS AND BEVERAGES 45

VIII.—FERMENTED DRINKS 55

IX.—WATER 65

X.—THE STORAGE AND DELIVERY OF WATER 74

XI.—IMPURITIES OF WATER 78

XII.—ORIGIN AND EFFECTS OF THE IMPURITIES OF WATER 89

XIII.—THE PURIFICATION OF WATER 94

XIV.—COMPOSITION AND PROPERTIES OF AIR 100

XV.—SUSPENDED IMPURITIES OF AIR 105

XVI.—GASEOUS AND OTHER IMPURITIES OF AIR 111

XVII.—TRADE NUISANCES 120

XVIII.—THE EXAMINATION OF AIR 125

XIX.—THE PURIFICATION OF AIR 129

XX.—GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF VENTILATION 132

XXI.—PROBLEMS AS TO VENTILATION 137

XXII.—METHODS OF VENTILATION 146

XXIII.—VENTILATION BY THE INTRODUCTION OF WARMED AIR 155

XXIV.—THE WARMING OF HOUSES 158

XXV.—HOUSE DRAINAGE 165

XXVI.—CESSPOOLS AND MAIN SEWERS 183

XXVII.—PROBLEMS AS TO FLOW IN SEWERS 187

XXVIII.—THE DISPOSAL OF SEWAGE 190

XXIX.—CONSERVANCY METHODS 194

XXX.—POSITION OF THE HOUSE 201

XXXI.—THE MATERIALS USED IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF A HOUSE 205

XXXII.—CONSTRUCTION OF THE HOUSE 209

XXXIII.—THE SOIL 219

XXXIV.—CLIMATE AND WEATHER 227

XXXV.—METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 237

XXXVI.—PERSONAL HYGIENE 245

XXXVII.—PERSONAL HYGIENE—EXERCISE 249

XXXVIII.—PERSONAL HYGIENE—REST AND SLEEP 257

XXXIX.—PERSONAL HYGIENE—CLEANLINESS 260

XL.—CLOTHING 265

XLI.—PARASITES 273

XLII.—THE RÔLE OF INSECTS IN SPREADING DISEASE 281

XLIII.—INFECTIVE DISEASES 284

XLIV.—ACUTE INFECTIVE DISEASES 291

XLV.—TUBERCULOSIS 309

XLVI.—NOTIFICATION AND ISOLATION 317

XLVII.—DISINFECTION 324

XLVIII.—VITAL STATISTICS 335

_SPECIAL TABLE OF CONTENTS FOR ARITHMETICAL PROBLEMS IN HYGIENE._

PAGE

PROBLEMS IN MILK ANALYSIS 12

„ „ DIETETICS 35

„ „ WATER ANALYSIS 86

„ „ AIR ANALYSIS 126

„ AS TO VENTILATION 137

„ „ FLOW IN SEWERS 187

„ IN METEOROLOGY 242

„ AS TO WORK 254

„ IN VITAL STATISTICS 336

HYGIENE.