Chapter VII: Auðun

l. 17. *var fyrir*, was to be found.

l. 26. *tvau verð slīk*, double the price you gave.

l. 55. *fē* is probably dat. here, but may be nom.

l. 56. *ęptir sem...*, according as, in accordance with what.

l. 64. *nū...nū*, lately...just now.

l. 116. *hęldr* is here used pleonastically in a kind of apposition to the preceding _bętr_.

l. 125. *en*, and = while.

l. 129. *þessi einn var svā hlutrinn, at...*, this single thing is the case, namely that... i.e. the only thing is that...

VIII. ÞRYMSKVIÐA

l. 7. *jarðar* is governed by _hvęrgi_.

l. 9. *tūna*. Poetical construction of gen. to denote goal of motion.

l. 15. *þō* goes with the following _at_ = _ok sęlja, þōat_ (_þōtt_) _væri ōr silfri_.

l. 32. *fœri* may be either sg. or pl. 3 pers.

GLOSSARY

æ _follows_ að, ð _follows_ d, ę _follows_ e, œ _follows_ oð, ǫ _follows_ o, ö _follows_ ǫ, þ _follows_ t.

The declensions of nouns are only occasionally given.

(-rs) etc. means that the _r_ of the nom. is kept in inflection.

A

-a _adv._ not. ā _sf._ river. ā _see_ *eiga*. ā _prp. w. acc. and dat._ on, in. āðr _adv., cj._ before. aðrir _see_ *annar*. æsir _see_ *āss*. ætla _wv._ 3, consider, deem: 'ætlask fyrir,' intend. ætt _sf._ 2, race, descent, family. ætta _see_ *eiga*. af _prp. w. dat._ from; of; with; _adv._ 'drekka af,' drink off. af-hūs _sn._ out-house, side room. afl _sn._ strength, might. af-taka _wf._ damage, injury. āgætliga _adv._ splendidly. aka _sv._ 2, drive (a chariot, etc.). ākafliga _adv._ vehemently, hard--'kalla a.' call loudly. akarn _sn._ acorn. akkeri _sn._ anchor. ālar-ęndir _sm._ thong-end, end of a strap. al-būinn _adj. w. gen._ quite ready. aldinn _adj._ old. aldri _adv._ never. ā-lęngðar _adv._ for some time. ālfr _sm._ elf. ā-lit _snpl._ appearance, countenance [līta]. all-harðr _adj._ very hard, very violent. all-lītill _adj._ very little. all-mann-skœðr _adj._ (very injurious to men), very murderous (of a battle) [skaði, 'injury']. all-mikill _adj._ very great. allr _adj._ all, whole; 'með ǫllu,' entirely; 'alls fyrst,' first of all. all-stōrum _adv._ very greatly. all-valdr _sm._ monarch, king. al-snotr _adj._ very clever. al-svartr _adj._ very black, coal-black. alt _adv._ quite. ambātt _sf._ 2, female slave, maid. and-lit _sn._ face [līta]. annarr _prn._ second; following, next; other; one of the two-- 'annar...annarr,' one...the other. aptann _sm._ evening. aptastr _adj._ most behind. aptr _adv._ back, backwards, behind. ār _sf._ oar. ār _sn._ year. ār _see_ *ā*. argr _adj._ cowardly, base. ār-maðr _sm._ steward. armr _adj._ wretched. ās-męgin _sn._ divine strength. āss _sm._ 3, (Scandinavian) god. āst _sf._ 2, affection, love, _often in pl._ āst-sæll _adj._ beloved, popular. [sæll, 'happy']. āsynja _wf._ (Scandinavian) goddess [āss]. āt _see_ *eta*. at _prp. w. dat._ at, by; to, towards, up to; for; in accordance with, after. at _adv._ to. -at _adv._ not. at-laga _wf._ attack [lęggja]. at-rōðr (-rar) _sm._ 2, rowing against, attack. ātta _num._ eight. ātta see *eiga*. auð-kęndr _adj._ easy to be recognized, easily distinguishable. auðr _adj._ desert, deserted, without men. auð-sēnn _adj._ evident. auga _wn._ eye. aug-sȳn _sf._ sight. auka _sv._ 1, increase; _impers., w. dat. of what is added_ 'jōk nū miklu ā,' much was added to it (his hesitation increased). austan _adv._ from the east. aust-maðr _sm._ Easterner, Norwegian. austr _sn._ the east--'ī au.,' eastwards. austr _adv._ eastwards. austr-vegr _sm._ the East, _especially_ Russia. āvalt _adv._ continually, all the time. ā-vanr _adj._ wanting; _impers. neut. in_ 'einnar mēr Freyju āvant þykkir,' Freyja alone I seem to want. ā-vinnr _adj._ toilsome, _only in the impers. neut._ 'mun ā-vint verða um sǫxin,' it will be a hard fight at the prow.

B

bað _see_ *biðja*. bāðir _prn._ both, _neut. as adv. in_ 'bæði...ok,' both...and. bāðu _see_ *biðja*. bǣða _see_ *biðja*. bǣði _see_ *bāðir*. baggi _wm._ bag; bundle. bak _sn._ back, 'vęrja eitt baki,' defend a thing with the back, i.e. turns one's back to it = be a coward. bak-borði _wm._ larboard. bāl _sn._ flame; funeral pile. bāl-fǫr _sf._ funeral. bani _wm._ death. bar _see_ *bera*. bardagi _wm._ battle. barð _sn._ edge, rim; projection in the prow of a ship formed by the continuation of the keel. barða _see_ *bęrja*. barði _wm._ war-ship with a sharp prow, ram. barn _sn._ child. batt _see_ *binda*. bauð _see_ *bjōða*. beiða _wv._ 1, _w. gen. of thing and dat. of pers. benefited_, ask, demand. bein _sn._ bone. bękkr _sm._ 2, bench. bęlla _wv._ 1, occupy oneself with, deal in, _generally in a bad sense_. bera _sv._ 4, carry, take; bear, endure. berask at, happen. b. fram, bring forward, out. b. vāpn niðr, shoot down. b. rāð sīn saman, hold council, deliberate. berg-risi _wm._ hill-giant. bęrja _wv._ 1b, strike--'b. grjōti,' stone. *bęrjask*, fight. bęrr _adj._ bare, unsheathed (of a sword). ber-sęrkr _sm._ 2, wild fighter, champion. [Literally 'bear-shirt,' i.e. one clothed in a bear's skin.] bętr _see_ *vel*. bętri _see_ *gōðr*. bęzt _see_ *vel*. bęztr _see_ *gōðr*. beygja _wv._ 1, bend, arch. bīða _sv._ 6, _w. gen._ wait for; _w. acc._ abide, undergo. biðja _sv._ 5, ask, beg, pray, _w. gen. of thing, acc. of the pers. asked, and dat. of the person benefited_; express a wish, bid--'bað hann vel kominn' (vera _understood_), bad him welcome; call on, challenge, command, tell. bifask _wv._ 1, tremble, shake. bil _sn._ moment of time. bila _wv._ 2, fail. bilt _neut. adj. only in the impers._ 'einum verðr bilt,' one hesitates, is taken aback, is afraid. binda _sv._ 3, bind, tie up; dress. birta _wv._ 1, show [bjartr]. bīta _sv._ 6, bite; cut. bittu _see_ *binda*. bitu _see_ *bīta*. bjarn-dȳri _sn._ bear. bjartr _adj._ bright, clear. bjō _see_ *būa*. bjōða _sv._ 7, _w. acc. and dat._ offer, propose--'b. einum fang,' challenge to wrestling; invite. b. upp, give up. bjǫrg _sf._ help; means of subsistence, store of food. blāsa _sv._ 1, blow; blow trumpet as signal. bleyða _wf._ coward. blīða _wf._ gentleness, friendliness. blindr _adj._ blind. blōð _sn._ blood. blōt-bolli _wm._ sacrificial bowl. bœtr _see_ *bōt*. boga-skot _sn._ bowshot. bogi _wm._ bow. bog-maðr _sm._ bowman, archer. bōndi _sm._ 4, yeoman, householder, (free) man [būa]. borð _sn._ side of a ship, board; rim, the margin between the rim of a vessel and the liquid in it--'nū er gott beranda b. ā horninu,' now there is a good margin for carrying the horn, i.e. its contents are so diminished that it can be lifted without spilling. borg _sf._ fortress, castle. borg-hlið _sn._ castle gate. bōt _sf._ 3, mending, improvement; _plur._ *bœtr*, compensation. bǫrn _see_ *barn*. brā _sf._ eyelid. brā _see_ *bregða*. bragð _sn._ trick, stratagem [bregða]. brann _see_ *bręnna*. brast _see_ *bresta*. brātt _adv._ quickly. braut _sf._ way--*ā braut*, _adv._ away. braut _see_ *brjōta*. braut, brott _adv._ away. bregða _sv._ 3, _w. dat._ jerk, pull, push; b. upp, lift, raise (to strike). change, transform. breiðr _adj._ broad. bręnna _wf._ burning; incremation. bręnna _sv._ 3, burn _intr._ bręnna _wv._ 1, burn _trans._ bresta _sv._ 3, break, crack, burst. brestr _sm._ crack; loss. brjōst _sn._ breast. brjōta _sv._ 7, break--'b. (skip)' suffer shipwreck, _also impers._ 'skip (acc.) brȳtr,' the ship is wrecked. broddr _sm._ point. brōðir _sm._ 4, brother. brotinn _see_ *brjōta*. brotna _wv._ 3, break _intr._ brott _see_ *braut*. brott-laga _sf._ retreat. brū _sf._ bridge. brūð-fē _sn._ bridal gift. brūðr _sf._ 2, bride. brūn _sf._ 3, eyebrow. bryggja _wf._ pier. brynja _wf._ corslet. brȳnn _see_ *brūn*. bryn-stūka _wf._ corslet-sleeve. bryti _see_ *brjōta*. brȳtr _see_ *brjōta*. bū _sn._ dwelling, home. būa _sv._ 1, dwell; inhabit, possess, prepare. *būask*, get ready, prepare _intr._ 'er būit við at...' it is likely to be that..., there is danger of... buðu _see_ *bjōða*. būinn _adj._ ready; in a certain condition--'(við) svā būit' _adv._ under such circumstances; capable, fit for--'vel at sēr būinn,' very capable, very good (at). bundu _see_ *binda*. burr _sm._ son. bȳðr _see_ *bjōða*. bȳr _see_ *būa*. byrja _wv._ 3, begin. byr-vænn _adj._ promising a fair wind.

D

daga _wv._ 3, dawn. dagan _sf._ dawn. dagr _sm._ day. dalr _sm._ valley. dauðr _adj._ dead. dęgi _see_ *dagr*. deyja _sv._ 2, die. djūpr _adj._ deep. dō _see_ *deyja*. dōmr _sm._ decision. dōttir _sf._ 3, daughter. dǫgurðr _sm._ breakfast [-urð = -verðr, _cp._ nāttverðr]. dōkkr (-vir) _adj._ dark. draga _sv._ 2, draw, drag. d. saman, collect. drakk _see_ *drekka*. drap _see_ *drepa*. draumr _sm._ dream. dręginn _see_ *draga*. dreif _see_ *drīfa*. dręki _wm._ dragon; dragon-ship, ship with a dragon's head as a beak. drekka _sv._ 3, drink. drepa _sv._ 5, strike; kill. dreyma _wv._ 1, _impers. w. acc. of pers. and acc. of the thing_ dream [draumr]. drīfa _sv._ 6, drive; hasten. drjūpa _sv._ 7, drop. drō _see_ *draga*. drōgu _see_ *draga*. drōttinn _sm._ lord. drōttin-hollr _adj._ faithful to its master. drukkinn _adj. (ptc.)_ drunk. drupu _see_ *drjūpa*. drykkja _wf._ drinking [drekka]. drykkju-maðr _sm._ drinker. drykkr _sm._ 2, draught. duna _wv._ 3, resound. dunði _see_ *dynja*. dvalða _see_ *dvęlja*. dvęlja _wv._ 1b, delay. *dvęljask*, dwell, stop. dvergr _sm._ dwarf. dyðrill _sm._ (?). dȳja _wv._ 1b, shake. dynja _wv._ 1b, resound. dȳr _sn._ animal, beast. dyrr _sfnpl._ door.

E

eða _cj._ or. ef _cj._ if. ęfna _wv._ 1, perform, carry out. ęggja _wv._ 3, incite. eiðr _sm._ oath. eiga _wf._ property. eiga _swv._ possess, have: have as wife, be married to; have _in the sense of_ must. eigi _adv._ not; no. eign _sf._ property. eignask _wv._ 3, appropriate, gain. eik _sf._ 3, oak. einka-māl _snpl._ personal agreement, special treaty. einn _num., prn._ one; the same; a certain, a; alone, only-- 'einn saman,' alone, mere. einn-hvęrr _prn._ a certain, some, a. eira _wv._ 1, _w. dat._ spare. eitr _sn._ poison. ek _prn._ I. ęk _see_ *aka*. ekki _prn. neut._ nothing; _adv._ not. eldr _sm._ fire. ęlli _wf._ old age. ellifti _adj._ eleventh. ellifu _num._ eleven. em _see_ *vera*. en _cj._ but; and. en _adv._ than, _after compar._ ęndask _wv._ 1, end, suffice for. ęndi, ęndir _sm._ end. ęnd-langr _adj._ the whole length--'ęndlangan sal,' the whole length of the hall. ęndr _adv._ again. engi _prn._ none, no. ęnn _adv._ yet, still; besides; after all. ęptir _prp. w. acc._ after (of time). _w. dat._ along, over; in quest of, after; according to, by. _adv._ afterwards; behind [aptr]. ęptri _adj. compar._ hind. er _prn. rel._ who, which, _rel. adv._ where; when; because, that. er _see_ *vera*. er _see_ *þū*. ęrfiði _sn._ work; trouble. ert _see_ *vera*. eru _see_ *vera*. eta _sv._ 5, eat. ey _sf._ island.

F

fā _sv._ 1, grasp; receive, get; give; be able. *fāsk*, wrestle. *fāsk ā*, be obtained, be. faðir _sm._ 4, father. fær _see_ *fā*. fæstr _see_ *fār*. fagnaðr _sm._ 2, joy; entertainment, hospitality. fagr _adj._ beautiful, fair, fine. fagrliga _adv._ finely. fall _sn._ fall. falla _sv._ 1, fall. *fallask*, be forgotten, fail. fang _sn._ embrace, grasp; wrestling. fann _see_ *finna*. fār _adj._ few--_neut._ fātt _w. gen._: 'fātt manna,' few men. fara go, travel--_w. gen. in such constr. as_ 'f. fęrðar sinnar,' go his way; fare (well, ill); happen, turn out; experience; 'f. með einu,' deal with, treat; destroy, use up _w. dat._ *farask* _impers. in_ 'fęrsk þeim vel,' they have a good passage. farmr _sm._ lading, cargo. fastr _adj._ firm, fast, strong. fē _sn._ property, money. fęðrum _see_ *faðir*. fekk _see_ *fā*. fęgrð _sf._ beauty [fagr]. fęgrstr _see_ *fagr*. feikn-stafir _smpl._ 2, wickedness. fela _sv._ 3, hide. fēlagi _wm._ companion. fē-lauss _adj._ penniless. fē-lītill _adj._ with little money, poor. fell _see_ *falla*. fęlla _wv._ 1, fell, throw down; kill [falla]. fengu, fęnginn _see_ *fā*. fęr _see_ *fara*. fęrð _sf._ 2, journey [fara]. fer-skeyttr _adj._ four-cornered. fimm _num._ five. fimtāndi _adj._ fifteenth. finna _sv._ 3, find; meet, go to see; notice, see. fjaðr-hamr _sm._ feathered (winged) coat. fjall _sn._ mountain. fjār _see_ *fē*. fjara _sf._ ebb-tide; beach. fjogur _see_ *fjōrir*. fjōrði _adj._ fourth. fjōrir _num._ four. fjǫlð _wf._ quantity. fjǫl-kyngi _sn._ magic. fjǫl-męnni _sn._ multitude; troop [maðr]. fjǫrðr _sm._ 3, firth. fjǫrur _see_ *fjara*. flā _sv._ 2, flay, skin. flaug _see_ *fljūga*. flęginn _see_ *flā*. flestr _see_ *margr*. fljōta _sv._ 7, float, drift. fljūga _sv._ 7, fly. flō _see_ *fljūga*. floti _wm._ fleet [fljōtal. flōtti _wm._ flight [flȳja]. flugu _see_ *fljūga*. fluttu _see_ *flytja*. flȳja _wv._ 1, flee. flytja _wv._ 1b. remove, bring. fnāsa _wv._ 3, snort. fœra _wv._ 1, bring, take; fasten [fara]. fœrir _see_ *fara*. fœti _see_ *fōt*. fōlginn _see_ *fela*. fōlk _sn._ multitude, troop; people. fōr _see_ *fara*. for-tǫlur _wpl._ representations, arguments [tala]. fōstra _wf._ nurse. fōt-hvatr _adj._ swift-footed. fōtr _sm._ foot; leg. fǫður _see_ *faðir*. fǫr _sf._ journey [fara]. fǫru-neyti _sn._ company [njōta]. frā _prp._ from, away from; about, concerning. 'ī frā' _adv._ away. frændi _sm._ 4, relation. frā-fall _sn._ death. fram _adv._ forward, forth. _compar._ *framar*, ahead. framastr _adj. superl._ chief, most distinguished. frami _wm._ advantage, courage. framiðr _see_ *fręmja*. fram-stafn _sm._ prow. frā-sǫgn _sf._ narrative, relation. freista _wv._ 3, _w. gen._ try, test. fręmja _wv._ 1b, perform [fram]. friðr _sm._ 2, peace. frīðr _adj._ beautiful, fine. frōðr _adj._ learned, wise. frœkn _adj._ bold, daring. frost _sn._ frost. fugl _sm._ bird. full-kominn _adj._ (_ptc._) complete; ready (for). fullr _adj._ full. fundr _sm._ 2, meeting [finna]. fundu _see_ *finna*. furðu _adv._ awfully, very. fūss _adj._ eager. fylgja _wv._ 1, _w. dat._ follow; accompany. fylki _sn._ troop [fōlk]. fylkja _wv._ 1, _w. dat._ draw up (troops) [fōlk]. fylla _wv._ 1, fill [fullr]. fyr, fyrir _prp. w. acc. and dat._ before; beyond, over--'f. borð,' overboard; instead of--'koma f.' _adv._ be given as compensation; for; because of. 'f. þvī at,' because. 'lītill. f. sēr,' insignificant. fyrir-rūm _sn._ fore-hold, chief-cabin. fyrirrūms-maðr _sm._ man in the fore-hold. fyrr _adv. compar._ before, formerly. _superl._ *fyrst*, first. fyrri _adj. compar._ former. _superl._ *fyrstr*, first. fȳsa _wv._ 1, hasten _trans.--impers._ 'braut fȳsir mik,' I feel a desire to go away [fūss].

G

gā _wv._ 1, _w. gen._ heed, care for. gæfa _wf._ luck [gefa]. gæta _wv._ 1, watch, take care of [geta]. gaf _see_ *gefa*. gæfu-maðr _sm._ lucky man. gaflak _sn._ javelin. gamall _adj._ old. gaman _sn._ amusement, joy. ganga _sv._ 1, go, _with gen. of goal in poetry_; attack--'g. ā skip,' board a ship. g. af, be finished. g. til, come up. g. upp, land; board a ship; be used up, expended (of money). garðr _sm._ enclosure, court; dwelling. gat _see_ *geta*. gefa _sv._ 5, give. gęgnum, ī gęgnum _prp. w. gen._ through. gekk _see_ *ganga*. gęlti _see_ *gǫltr*. gęnginn, gęngr, gengu _see_ *ganga*. geta _sv._ 5, _w. gen._ mention, speak of; guess, suppose. geysi _adv._ excessively. gipta _wf._ luck [gefa]. giptu-maðr _sm._ lucky man. gjafar _see_ *gjǫf*. gjǫf _sf._ gift. glotta _wv._ 2, smile maliciously, grin. glæsiligr _adj._ magnificent. gnȳr _sm._ din, noise. gōðr _adj._ good--'gott er til eins,' it is easy to get at, obtain. gōlf _sn._ floor; apartment, room. gott _see_ *gōðr*. gǫfugr _adj._ distinguished [gefa]. gǫltr _sm._ 3, boar. gǫmul _see_ *gamall*. gǫ̈ra _wv._ 1c, do, make. *gǫ̈rask*, set about doing; be made into, become. *gǫ̈ra at*, accomplish, carry out. gǫ̈rsimi _wf._ article of value, treasure. granda _wv._ 3, _w. dat._ injure. grār _adj._ gray. gras _sn._ grass; plant, flower. grāta _sv._ 1, weep, mourn for. grātr _sm._ weeping. greiða _wv._ 1, put in order, arrange. greip _see_ *grīpa*. gres-jārn _sn._ iron wire (?). grey _sn._ dog. grið _snpl._ peace, security. griða-staðr _sm._ sanctuary. grind _sf._ 3, lattice door, wicket. grīpa _sv._ 6, seize. gripr _sm._ 2, article of value, treasure. grjōt _sn._ stone (collectively). grōa _sv._ 1, grow; heal. grœr _see_ *grōa*. gruna _wv._ 3, _impers._--'mik grunar,' I suspect, think. grunr _sm._ 2, suspicion. gull _sn._ gold. gull-band _sn._ gold band. gull-būinn _adj._ adorned with gold. gull-hringr _sm._ gold ring. gull-hyrndr _adj._ (_ptc._) with gilt horns. gull-roðinn _adj._ (_ptc._) gilt. gȳgr _sf._ giantess. gyltr _adj._ (_ptc._) gilt. gyrða _wv._ 1, gird.

H

hæstr _see_ *hār*. hætta _wv._ 1, _w. dat._ desist from, stop. hættligr _adj._ dangerous, threatening. hættr _adj._ dangerous. haf _sn._ sea. hafa _wv._ 1, have; 'h. einn nær einu,' bring near to, expose to; use, utilize. at hafask, undertake. til hafa, have at hand. hafna _see_ *hǫfn*. hafr _sm._ goat. hafr-staka _wf._ goatskin. hagliga _adv._ neatly. hagr _sm._ condition; advantage--'þēr mun h. ā vera,' will avail thee, be profitable to you. hag-stœðr _adj._ favourable. halda _sv._ 1, _w. dat._ hold (also with prp. _ā_); keep. _w. acc._ observe, keep (laws, etc.). _intr._ take a certain direction, go. hālfr _adj._ half. hālfu _adv._ by half, half as much again. hallar _see_ *hǫll*. hallar-gōlf _sn._ hall floor. haltr _adj._ lame. hamarr _sm._ hammer. hamars-muðr _sm._ thin end of hammer. hamar-skapt _sn._ handle of a hammer. hamar-spor _sn._ mark made by a hammer. hana _see_ *hann*. handar _see_ *hǫnd*. hand-skot _sn._ throwing with the hand. hand-tękinn _ptc. pret._ taken by hand, taken alive. hann _prn._ he. hār _sn._ hair. hār _adj._ high. harð-hugaðr _adj._ stern of mood. harðr _adj._ hard; strong. harð-skeytr _adj._ strong-shooting [skjōta]. harmr _sm._ grief. hāski _wm._ danger. hā-sæti _sn._ high seat, dais [sitja]. hāsætis-kista _sf._ chest under the dais. hātt _adv._ high; loudly. haugr _sm._ mound. hauss _sm._ skull. heðan _adv._ hence. hęfi _see_ *hafa*. hęfja _sv._ 2, raise, lift; begin. hęfna _wv._ 1, _w. gen._ revenge, avenge. heill _adj._ sound, safe, prosperous. heil-rǣði _sn._ sound advice, good advice [rāð]. heim _adv._ to one's home, home (domum). heima _adv._ at home (domi). heima-maðr _sm._ man of the household. heim-fūss _adj._ longing to go home, homesick. heimr _sm._ home, dwelling; world. heimta _wv._ 1, fetch, obtain, get back. heita _sv._ 1, call; _w. dat. of pers. and dat. of thing_ promise; _intr._ (_pres._ heiti) be named, called. hęldr _see_ *halda*. hęldr _adv. compar._ more willingly, rather, sooner, more; rather, very. hęl-grindr _sf._ the doors of hell. hęllir _sm._ cave. helt _see_ *halda*. hęl-vegr _sm._ road to hell. hęlzt _adv. superl._ most willingly, soonest, especially, most [hęldr]. hęndi, hęndr _see_ *hǫnd*. hęnnar, hęnni _see_ *hann*. hępta _wv._ 1, bind; hinder, stop. hēr _adv._ here--'h. af,' etc. here-of. hęr-bergi _sn._ quarters, lodgings. hęrða _wv._ harden, clench. hęr-fang _sn._ booty. hęrja _wv._ 3, make war, ravage [hęrr]. hęrr _sm._ army, fleet. herra _sm._ lord. hęr-skip _sn._ war-ship. hestr _sm._ horse. hēt _see_ *heita*. heyra _wv._ 1, hear. himinn _sm._ heaven. hingat _adv._ hither. hinn _prn._ that. hirð _sf._ court. hirð-maðr _sm._ courtier. hiti _wm._ heat. hitta _wv._ come upon, find, meet; _trans._ go to. *hittask*, meet, _intr._ hjā _prp. w. dat._ by, at; in comparison with. hjālmr _sm._ helmet. hjōn _snpl._ household. hlaða _sv._ 2, load, heap up; 'h. seglum,' take in sails. hlæja _sv._ 2, laugh. hlaupa _sv._ 1, jump, leap; run. hlaut _see_ *hljōta*. hleyp _see_ *hlaupa*. hleypa _wv._ 1, make to run (i.e. the horse), gallop. hlīf _sf._ shield. hlīfa _wv._ 1, _w. dat._ shelter, cover, protect. hljōp _see_ *hlaupa*. hljōta _sv._ 7, get, receive. hlōðu _see_ *hlaða*. hlōgu _see_ *hlæja*. hlunnr _sm._ roller (for launching ships). hluti _wm._ portion [hljōta]. hlutr _sm._ 2, share; portion, part, piece; thing [hljōta]. hlut-skipti _sn._ booty. hnakki _wm._ back of head. hōf _see_ *hęfja*. hollr _adj._ gracious, faithful. hōlmr _sm._ small island. hon _see_ *hann*. honum _see_ *hann*. horn _sn._ horn. hœgri _adj. compar._ right (hand). hœla _wv._ 1, _w. dat._ praise, boast of. hǫfðingi _wm._ chief [hǫfuð]. hǫfða-fjǫl _sf._ head-board (especially of a bedstead). hǫfðu _see_ *hafa*. hǫfn _sf._ harbour. hǫfuð _sn._ head. hǫgg _sn._ stroke. hǫgg-ormr _sm._ viper. hǫgg-orrosta _wf._ 'cutting-fight,' hand-to-hand fight. hǫggva _sv._ 1, hew, cut, strike. hǫll _sf._ hall. hǫnd _sf._ 3, hand; side--'hvārra-tvęggju handar,' on both sides, for both parties. hræddr _adj._ frightened, afraid [_ptc._ of hræðask]. hræðask _wv._ 1, be frightened, fear. hræzla _wf._ fear [hræðask]. hrafn _sm._ raven. hratt _see_ *hrinda*. hrauð _see_ *hrjōða*. hraut _see_ *hrjōta*. hreyfa _wv._ 1, move. hrīð _sf._ period of time. hrīm-þurs _sm._ frost giant. hrinda _sv._ 3, push, launch (ship). hrista _wv._ 1, shake. hrjōða _sv._ 7, strip, clear, disable. hrjōta _sv._ 7, start, burst out. hrǫkk _see_ *hrökkva*. hrökkva _sv._ 3, start back. hryði _see_ *hrjōta*. hrynja _wv._ 1b. fall down. hrȳtr _see_ *hrjōta*. hugða _see_ *hyggja*. hugi _wm._ thought. hugr _sm._ mind, heart; courage, spirit. hugsa _wv._ 3, consider, think. hundrað _sn._ hundred. hurð _sf._ 2, door. hūs _sn._ room; house. hvar _adv._ where; that. hvārr _prn._ which of two; each of the two, both. hvārr-tvęggja _prn._ each of the two, both. hvārt _adv._ whether, _both in direct and indirect questions_. hvārt-tvęggja _adv._ 'hv...ok,' both...and. hvass _adj._ sharp. hvat _prn. neut._ what. hvart _adj._ brisk, bold. hvē _adv._ how. hverfa _sv._ 3, turn, go. hvęr-gi _adv._ nowhere--'hv. jarðar,' nowhere on earth; in no respect, by no means. hvęrnig _adv._ how [= hvęrn veg.]. hvęrr _prn._ who. hvęrsu _adv._ how. hvī _adv._ why. hvirfill _sm._ crown of head. hvītna _wv._ 2, whiten. hvītr _adj._ white. hyggja _wv._ 1b. think, mean, determine [hugr]. hylli _wf._ favour [hollr].

I

ī _prp._ in. ī-huga _wv._ 3, try to remember, consider [hugr]. illa _adv._ ill, badly. illr _adj._ ill, bad. inn _art._ the. inn _adv._ in _compar._ *innar*, further in. inna _wv._ 1, accomplish. innan _adv._ within, inside. *fyrir innan* _prp. w. gen._ within, in. inni _adv._ in. it _see_ *þū*. it _see_ *inn*. ī-þrōtt _sf._ feat.

J

jafn-breiðr _adj._ equally broad. jafn-hǫfugr _adj._ equally heavy [hęfja]. jafn-mikill _adj._ equally great. jafn-skjōtt _adv._ equally quick. jafna _wv._ 3, smooth; compare _w. dat. of thing compared._ jafnan _adv._ always. jarl _sm._ earl. jārn _sn._ iron. jārn-glōfi _sm._ iron gauntlet. jārn-spǫng _sf._ iron plate. jāta _wv._ 1, _w. dat._ agree to. jōk _see_ *auka*. jǫrð _sf._ earth. jǫtun-heimar _smpl._ home, world of the giants. jǫtunn _sm._ giant.

K

kær-leikr _sm._ love, affection [kærr, 'dear']. kaf _sn._ diving; deep water, water under the surface. kafa _wv._ 3, dive. kalla _wv._ 3, cry out, call; assert, maintain; name, call. kann _see_ *kunna*. kapp _sn._ competition. karl _sm._ man; old man. kasta _wv._ 3, cast, throw. kaupa _wv._ 2, buy. kęngr _sm._ bend. kęnna _wv._ 1, know; perceive. kęrling _sf._ old woman [karl]. kęrra _wf._ chariot. kętill _sm._ kettle. keypta _see_ *kaupa*. keyra _wv._ 1, drive. kirkja _wf._ church. kirkju-skot _sn._ wing of a church. kjōsa _sv._ 7, choose. klakk-laust _adv._ uninjured. klæða _wv._ 1, clothe. klæða-būnaðr _sm._ apparel. klæði _snpl._ clothes. knē _sn._ knee. knīfr _sm._ knife. knǫrr _sm._ merchant-ship. knūði _see_ *knȳja*. knūi _wm._ knuckle. knūtr _sm._ knot. knȳja _wv._ 1b, press with knuckles or knees; exert oneself [knūi]. kōlf-skot _sn._ (distance of a) bolt-shot. kollōttr _adj._ bald. koma _sv._ 4. come; happen, turn out; _w. dat._ bring into a certain condition. *k. fyrir*, be paid in atonement. *komask*, make one's way (by dint of exertion). kona _wf._ woman; wife. konr _sm._ kind--'alls konar,' all kinds; 'nakkvars konar,' of some kind. konunga-stęfna _wf._ congress of kings. konungr _sm._ king. konungs-dōttir _sf._ king's daughter. konungs-skip _sn._ king's ship. kosinn _see_ *kjōsa*. kost-gripr _sm._ precious thing, treasure. kostr _sm._ 2, choice--'at ǫðru kosti,' otherwise; power [kjōsa]. kǫgur-sveinn _sm._ little boy, urchin. kǫpp _see_ *kapp*. kǫpur-yrði _sn._ boasting [orð]. kǫttr _sm._ 3, cat. köm _see_ *koma*. krappa-rūm _sn._ back cabin. krappr _adj._ narrow. kraptr _sm._ strength. krās _sf._ 2, delicacy. kręfja _wv._ 1b, _w. acc. of pers. and gen. of thing_, demand. kunna _swv._ know; feel; venture; like to. kunnandi _wf._ knowledge, accomplishments. kunnusta _wf._ knowledge, power. kunnr _adj._ known. kurr _sm._ murmur, rumour. kvæði _sn._ poem. kvæma _see_ *koma*. kvān _sf._ wife. kveða _sv._ 5, say. *kv. ā* settle, agree on. kvęðja _wf._ salutation [kveða]. kvęðja _wv._ 1b, greet. kveld _sn._ evening--'ī kv.,' this evening. kveld-sǫngr _sm._ vespers. kvenn-vāðir _sfpl._ woman's clothes. kviðr _sm._ 3, stomach, belly. kvisa _wv._ 3, whisper. kvistr _sm._ 3, branch, twig. kvǫddu _see_ *kvęðja*. kykr (-vir) _adj._ living. kykvendi _sn._ living creature, animal. kȳll _sm._ bag. kyn _sn._ race, lineage. kȳr _sf._ 3, cow. kyssa _wv._ 1, kiss.

L

lā _see_ *liggja*. lægri _see_ *lāgr*. lær-lęggr _sm._ thigh-bone. læt _see_ *lāta*. lagða _see_ *lęggja*. lāgr _adj._ low; short of stature [liggja]. lags-maðr _sm._ companion. lagu _see_ *liggja*. lamða, lamit _see_ *lęmja*. land _sn._ land, country. land-skjālfti _wm._ earthquake. langr _adj._ long, far. lāt _snpl._ noise. lāta _sv._ 1, let go; leave; lose; allow; cause, let; behave, act; say. lauf _sn._ foliage. laufs-blað _sn._ (blade of foliage), leaf. laug _sf._ bath. laun _snpl._ reward. launa _wv._ 3, reward, requite _w. dat. of the thing given and of the pers., and acc. of the thing requited._ lauss _adj._ loose; shaky, unsteady; free from obligation. laust _see_ *ljōsta*. laut _see_ *lūta*. lax _sm._ salmon. leðr-hosa _wf._ leather bag. lęggja _wv._ 1b, lay, put; 'l. eitt fyrir einn,' give, settle on; 'l. sik fram,' exert oneself; _intr. w._ skip _understood_ sail, row--*l. at*, land; attack; *l. frā*, retreat, draw off; pierce, make a thrust. *lęggjask*, set out, proceed; swim [liggja]. leið _sf._ way--'koma einu til leiðar,' carry out [līða]. leið _see_ *līða*. leiða _wv._ 1, lead, conduct [līða]. leiðangr (-rs) _sm._ levy [leið]. leiga _wv._ 1, borrow. leikr _sm._ game; athletic sports, contest. leita _wv._ 3, _w. gen. and dat._ seek; take to, have recourse to. *leitask*, feel one's way [līta]. lęmja _wv._ 1b, break. lęngð _sf._ length [langr]. lęngi _adv._ long (of time) [langr]. lęngstr _see_ *langr*. lēt _see_ *lāta*. lętja _wv._ 1b, _w. acc. of pers. and gen. of thing_, hinder, dissuade. lētta _wv._ 1, _w. dat._ lift. leyniliga _adv._ secretly. leysa _wv._ 1, loosen, untie, open [lauss]. lið _sn._ troop. līða _sv._ 6, go; pass (of time); _impers._ *līðr*, _w. dat._ fare, get on. _impers._ 'līðr ā (nāttina),' (the night) is drawing to a close. līf _sn._ life--'ā līfi,' alive. lifa _wv._ 2, live. liggja _sv._ 5, lie. *l. til*, be fitting. līk _sn._ body; corpse. līka _wv._ 3, _w. dat._ please. līki _sn._ form [līk]. līking _sf._ likeness, similarity [līkr]. līknsamr _adj._ gracious. līkr _adj._ like. līn _sn._ linen; linen headdress. list _sf._ art. līta _sv._ 6, look at; regard, consider--'l. til eins.' turn to, acknowledge greeting. *lītask* _impers. w. dat._ seem. litask _wv._ 3, look round one [līta]. lītill _adj._ little, small--'lītit veðr,' not very windy weather. *lītlu* _adv._ by a little, a little. lītil-ræði _sm._ degradation [rāð]. litr _sm._ 3, colour, complexion; appearance [līta]. līzk _see_ *līta*. ljā _wv._ 1, _w. gen. and dat._ lend. ljōsta _sv._ 7, strike, _w. dat. of instr. and acc. of the thing struck_--'l. ārum ī sæ,' dip the oars into the sea, begin to row. lofa _wv._ 3, praise. lōga _wv._ 3, _w. dat._ part with. logi _wm._ flame. lokinn _see_ *lūka*. lopt _sn._ air--'ā l.,' up. lūka _sv._ 7, lock, close; _impers._ 'lȳkr einu,' it is finished, exhausted. 'l. upp,' unlock, open. lukla _see_ *lykill*. lustu _see_ *ljōsta*. lūta _sv._ 7, bend, bow. lygi _wf._ lie, falsehood. lykð _sf._ ending--'at lykðum,' finally. lykill _sm._ key [lūka]. lypta _wv._ 1, _w. dat._ lift [lopt]. lypting _sf._ raised place (castle) on the poop of a warship [lypta]. lȳsa _wv._ 1, shine. lȳsi-gull _sn._ bright gold. lȳst _see_ *ljōsta*. lysta _wv._ 1, _impers. w. acc._ desire.

M

mā _see_ *mega*. maðr _sm._ 4, man. mæla (mælta) _wv._ 1, speak--'m. við einu,' refuse; suggest. mær _sf._ virgin, maid. mætta _see_ *mega*. magr (-ran) _adj._ thin. māgr _sm._ kinsman, relation, connection. makligr _adj._ fitting. māl _sn._ narrative; _in plur._ poem; proper time, time. mālmr _sm._ metal. mann _see_ *maðr*. mann-fōlk _sn._ troops, crew. mann-hringr _sm._ ring of men. mannliga _adv._ manlily. margr _adj._ many, much. mark _sn._ mark; importance. marka _wv._ 3, infer. marr _sm._ horse. mart _see_ *margr*. matask _wv._ 3, eat a meal. matr _sm._ 2, food. mātta _see_ *mega*. māttr _sm._ 2, might, strength. með _prp. w. acc. and dat._ with. meðal _s._ middle--ā m. _w. gen._ between. meðan _adv._ whilst. mega _swv._ can, may. megin --'ǫðrum m.,' on the other side; 'ǫllum m.,' on all sides [_corruption of_ vegum]. męgin-gjarðar _sfpl._ girdle of strength [mega]. meiðmar _sfpl._ treasures. meiri _see_ *mikill*. męn _sn._ necklace, piece of jewelry. męnn _see_ *maðr*. mēr _see_ *ek*. męrgr _sm._ 2, marrow. męrki _sn._ mark; banner [mark]. mest _see_ *mikill*. meta _sv._ 5, measure; estimate. mey _see_ *mær*. mið-garðr _sm._ (middle enclosure), world. miðgarðs-ormr _sm._ world-serpent. miðr _adj._ middle. mik _see_ *ek*. mikill _adj._ big, tall, great. *mikit* _adv._ much, very. miklu _adv._ (_instr._) much. milli, ā milli _prp._ between, among. minjar _sfpl._ remembrance, memorial. minn _see_ *ek*. minni _see_ *lītill*. minnr _adv._ less. mis-līka _wv._ 3, _w. dat._ displease, not please. missa _wf._ loss, want. missa _wv._ 1, _w. gen._ lose; do without. mistil-teinn _sm._ mistletoe [teinn, 'twig']. mitt _see_ *ek*. mjǫðr _sm._ 3, mead. mjǫk _adv._ very. mōðir _sf._ 3, mother. mōðr _sm._ anger. mœtask _wv._ 1, meet _intr._ [mōt]. mǫn _sf._ mane. morginn _sm._ morning. mǫrk _sf._ 3, forest. mǫrum _see_ *marr*. mōt _sn._ meeting. *ī mōti* _prp. w. dat._ against. mǫtu-neyti _sn._ community of food--'lęggja m. sitt,' make their provision into a common store [matr; njōta]. mundu _see_ *munu*. munnr _sm._ mouth. munr _sm._ difference--'þeim mun,' to that extent. munu _swv._ will, may (of futurity and probability). myndi _see_ *munu*. myrkr _sn._ darkness. myrkr _adj._ dark.

N

nā _wv._ 1, reach, obtain; succeed in. nǣr _adv. w. dat._ near; nearly. _superl._ *næst*--'þvī n.,' thereupon. nǣtr _see_ *nātt*. nafn _sn._ name. nakkvarr _prn._ some, a certain. *nakkvat* _adv._ somewhat; perhaps. nātt _sf._ 3, night. nātt-bōl _sn._ night-quarters. nātt-langt _adv._ the whole night long. nātt-staðr _sm._ night-quarters. nāttūra _wf._ nature, peculiarity. nātt-verðr _sm._ 2, supper. nauð-syn _sf._ necessity. naut _see_ *njōta*. neðan _adv._ below. *fyrir n.* _prp. w. dat._ below. nęfja _adj._ long-nosed (?). nęfna _wv._ 1, name, call. *nęfnask*, name oneself, give one's name as [nafn]. nema _sv._ 4, take; begin. nema _adv._ except, unless. nest _sn._ provisions. nest-baggi _sm._ provision-bag. niðr _adv._ down, downwards. nīundi _adj._ ninth. njōsn _sf._ spying; news. njōsna _wv._ 3, spy; get intelligence. njōta _sv._ 7, enjoy, profit. norðr _adv._ northwards. nǫkkvi _wm._ vessel, small ship. nū _adv._ now; therefore, so. nȳ-vaknaðr _adj._ (_ptc._) newly awoke. nȳr _adj._ new. nȳta _wv._ 1, profit [njōta].

O

oddr _sm._ point. ōð-fūss _adj._ madly eager. ōðr _adj._ mad, furious. œ̄pa _wv._ 1, shout [ōp, 'shout']. œrit _adv._ enough; very. of _prp. w. dat._ over; during; with respect to, about. _adv._ too (of excess). of _adv., often used in poetry as a mere expletive._ of-veikr _adj._ too weak. ofan _adv._ above; down. ofan-verðr _adj._ upper, on the top. ōk _see_ *aka*. ok _conj._ and; also--'ok...ok,' both...and; but. okkr _see_ *þū*. opt _adv._ often. _compar._ *optar*, oftener, again. ōr _prp. w. dat._ out of. orð _sn._ word--'ī ǫðru orði,' otherwise. orðinn _see_ *verða*. orð-sęnding _sf._ verbal message. orð-tak _sn._ expression, word. ormr _sm._ serpent, dragon; ship with a dragon's head. orrosta _wf._ battle. oss _see_ *ek*. ōtta _wf._ the end of night, just before dawn. ōttalaust _adj._ without fear. ōx _see_ *vaxa*. oxi _wm._ ox. ǫðlask _wv._ 3, obtain. ǫðru _see_ *annarr*. ǫl _sn._ ale. ǫldnu _see_ *aldinn*. ǫndōttr _adj._ fierce. ǫnd-vegi _sn._ high seat, dais. ǫnnur _see_ *annar*. ǫr _sf._ arrow. ör-æfi _sn._ harbourless coast. örendi _sn._ errand. örendi _sn._ holding the breath, breath. örind-reki _sm._ messenger [reka]. öxn _see_ *oxi*.

P

pati _sm._ rumour. pęnningr _sm._ penny.

R

rāð _sn._ advice; what is advisable--'sjā eitt at rāði,' consider advisable; plan, policy, resolution. rāða _sv._ 1, advise, _w. acc. of thing and dat. of pers._; consider, deliberate; undertake, begin _w. prp._ til _or infin._; dispose of, have control over _w. prp._ fyrir. rāða-gǫ̈rð _sf._ deliberation, decision. rāðugr _adj._ sagacious. ragna-rökr _sn._ twilight of the gods, end of the world. [ragna _gen. of_ ręgin _neut. plur._ 'gods.'] ragr _adj._ cowardly. rāku _see_ *reka*. rann _see_ *ręnna*. rās _sf._ race. rauðr _adj._ red. rausn _sf._ magnificence, anything magnificent. rēð _see_ *rāða*. reið _sf._ chariot. reið _see_ *rīða*. reiða _wv._ 1, swing, wield, brandish. reið-fara _adj._--'vera vel r.,' have a good passage. reiði _sn._ trappings, harness. reiðr _adj._ angry. reka _sv._ 7, drive; carry out; perform. 'r. af tjǫld,' take down awning. rękkja _wf._ bed. ręnna _sv._ 3, run. rētta _wv._ 1, direct; reach, stretch. *r. upp*, pull up. rēttr _adj._ right, correct; equitable, fair. reyna _wv._ 1, try, test. reyr-bǫnd _supl._ the wire with which the arrow-head was bound to the shaft. rīða _sv._ 6, _w. dat._ ride. riðu _see_ *rīða*. riðlask _wv._ 3, set oneself in motion. rīki _sn._ power; sovereignty, reign. rīkr _adj._ powerful, distinguished. ripti _sn._ linen cloth. rita _wv._ 3, write. rōa _sv._ 1, row. rœða _wv._ 1, talk about, discuss. röra _see_ *rōa*. rǫst _sf._ league.

S

sā _prn._ that; he; such, such a one. sā _see_ *sjā*. sær _sm._ sea. særa _wv._ 1, wound [sār]. sæti _sn._ seat [sitja]. sætt _sf._ 2, reconciliation, peace. sættask _wv._ 1, be reconciled, agree. saga _wf._ narrative, history, story. sagða _see_ *sęgja*. saka _wv. impers. w. acc._--'hann (acc.) sakaði ekki,' he was not injured. sakna _wv._ 3, _w. gen._ miss. sāl _sf._ 2, soul. sāld _sn._ gallon. salr _sm._ 2, hall. saman _adv._ together. sami _weak adj._ same. sam-laga _wf._ laying ships together for battle. samt _adv._ together. sannligr _adj._ probable; suitable, right. sannr _adj._ true. sār _sn._ wound. sārr _adj._ wounded. sat _see_ *sitja*. satt _see_ *sannr*. sē _see_ *vera*. sē _see_ *sjā*. sefask _wv._ 3, be pacified. sęgja _wv._ 1b, say, relate [saga]. segl _sn._ sail. seilask _wv._ 1, stretch _intr._ seinn _adj._ late, slow, tedious. *seint* _adv._ slowly. sęlja _wv._ 1, give; sell. sem _adv._ as; _w. subj._ as if; _to strengthen the superl._--'sem mest,' the most possible, as much as possible. sęnda _wv._ 1, send. sęndi-maðr _sm._ messenger. sęnn _adv._ at the same time, at once; immediately, forthwith. sēnn _see_ *sjā*. sēr _see_ *sik*. sēr _see_ *sjā*. sēt _see_ *sjā*. set-berg _sn._ seat-shaped rock, crag [sitja]. sętja _wv._ 1, set, place. *s. fram*, launch (a ship). *sętjask*, sit down. *sętjask upp*, sit up [sitja]. sī-byrða _wv._ 1, _w. dat._ lay a ship alongside another. _neut. ptc._ *sībyrt*, close up to [borð]. sīð _adv._ late. _comp._ sīðar, later, afterwards. _superl._ *sīðast*, latest, last. sīða _wf._ side. sīðan _adv._ afterwards, then; since. sīðari _adj. comp._ later, second (in order). siðr _sm._ 3, custom. sīga _sv._ 6, sink. sigla _wf._ mast [segl]. sigla _wv._ 1, sail. siglu-skeið _sn._ middle of a ship. sigr (-rs) _sm._ victory. sigr-ōp shout of victory. sik _prn._ oneself. silfr _sn._ silver. sīn _see_ *sik*. sinn _sn._ time (of repetition)--'einu sinni,' once, for once. 'eigi optar at sinni,' not oftener than that time, i.e. only once. sinn _see_ *sik*. sitja _sv._ 5, sit. *s. fyrir*, sit in readiness. sjā = þessi. sjā _sv._ 5, see; 's. fyrir einu,' look after, take care of. _impers._ 'lītt sēr þat ā, at'...it will hardly be seen that... *sjāsk*, see one another, meet. sjālfr _prn._ self. sjōða _sv._ 7, boil; cook. sjōn _sf._ sight. sjōn-hvęrfing _sf._ ocular delusion. skal _see_ *skulu*. skalf _see_ *skjālfa*. skāli _wm._ hall. skammr _adj._ short. skap _sn._ state, condition; state of mind, mood, humour. skapligr _adj._ suitable, fit. skapt _sn._ shaft, handle. skar _see_ *skera*. skarð _sn._ notch, gap; defect. skaut _see_ *skjōta*. skęgg _sn._ beard; beak (of a ship). skeið _sn._ race-course, running-ground; race--'taka sk.,' start in a race. skeina _wv._ 1, graze. skellr _sm._ knock. skęmtun _sf._ amusement, entertainment [skammr, _literally 'shortening (of time)'_]. skera _sv._ 4, cut, cut up; kill (animal). skiljask _wv._ 1, separate, part _intr._ skillingr _sm._ shilling, coin. skilnaðr _sm._ separation, parting. skip _sn._ ship. skipa _wv._ 3, order, arrange, prepare, fit out. 'sk. til um eitt,' make arrangements for. *skipask*, take one's place; change, alter _intr._ skipa-hęrr _sm._ fleet. skipan _sf._ arranging; ship's crew. skips-brot _sn._ shipwreck. skip-stjōrnar-maðr _sm._ (steerer), commander of a ship, captain. skjald-borg _sf._ wall of shields, testudo. skjālfa _sv._ 3, shake _intr._ skjōta _sv._ 7, _w. dat._ shoot, throw, push. skjōt-fœri _sn._ swiftness. skjōt-leikr _sm._ swiftness. skjōt-liga _adv._ swiftly, quick. skjōtr _adj._ swift, quick. *skjōtt* _adv._ quickly. skjǫldr _sm._ 3, shield. skōgr _sm._ forest, wood. skorta _wv._ 1, _impers. w. acc. of pers. and of thing_, want, fail. skot _sn._ shot; missile [skjōta]. skot-māl _sn._ shot-measure, range. skotta _wv._ 3, dangle--sk. við drift (of ships). skǫkull _sm._ shaft (of a cart). skǫmm _sf._ disgrace, shame. skǫr _sf._ hair of the head. skreppa _wf._ bag, wallet. skulfu _see_ *skjālfa*. skulu _swv._ shall. skuta _wf._ small ship, cutter. skutill _sm._ trencher, small table. skutil-sveinn _sm._ page, chamberlain. skutu _see_ *skjōta*. skykkr _sm._ shake--'ganga skykkjum,' shake. skylda _see_ *skulu*. skyldr _adj._ obliged, obligatory, bound [skulu]. skyn _sn._ understanding, insight--'kunna, sk.' understand. skynda _wv._ 1, hasten, bring in haste. skyndiliga _adv._ hastily, quickly. skynsamliga _adv._ intelligently, carefully. skȳt _see_ *skjōta*. slā _sv._ 2, strike. 'slā eldi ī,' light a fire. slæliga _adv._ sluggishly, weakly. slær _adj._ blunt. slær _see_ *slā*. slātr _sn._ meat. sleikja _wv._ lick. sleit _see_ *slīta*. slēttr _adj._ level, smooth; comfortable, easy. slīkr _adj._ such. slīta _sv._ 6, tear--*sl. upp*, pull up; _w. dat._ break (agreement). smæri _see_ *smār*. smār _adj._ small, insignificant. smā-skip _snpl._ small ships. smā-skūta _wf._ small cutter. smjūga _sv._ 7, squeeze through, slip. smugu _see_ *smjūga*. snarpligr _adj._ vigorous. snarpr _adj._ sharp; vigorous. snimma _adv._ early. snöra _see_ *snūa*. snūa _sv._ 1, _w. dat._ turn _or_ (_trans._) direct; twist, plait. *snūask*, turn (_intr._). soðinn _see_ *sjōða*. sœkja _wv._ 1c, seek; go--'s. aptr,' retreat. sœmð _sf._ honour [sōma]. sœtti _see_ *sœkja*. sofa _sv._ 4, sleep. sofna _wv._ 3, go to sleep. sǫgur _see_ *saga*. sǫk _sf._ cause--'fyrir þā s. at'..., because. sökkva _sv._ 3, sink. sōl _sf._ sun. sōl-skin _sn._ sunshine. soltinn _adj._ hungry [_ptc. of_ 'svelta,' starve]. sōma _wv._ 2, _w. dat._, be suitable, befitting. sōmi _wm._ honour. sonr _sm._ son. sōtt _sf._ illness. sōtta _see_ *sœkja*. sǫx _snpl._ raised prow of a war-ship. spala _see_ *spǫlr*. sparask _wv._ 2, spare oneself, reserve one's energy. spęnna (spęnta) _wv._ 1, _w. dat. of thing_, gird, buckle on. spjōt _sn._ spear. sporðr _sm._ tail. spori _sm._ spur. spǫlr _sm._ rail. sprakk _see_ *springa*. sprętta _wv._ 1, split. springa _sv._ 3, burst. spurða _see_ *spyrja*. spyrja _wv._ 1b, ask; hear of, learn--'sp. til eins,' have news of, hear of his arrival. *spyrjask*, be known. spyrna _wv._ 1, kick. staddr _adj._ placed, staying [_ptc. of_ 'stęðja,' place]. staðr _sm._ place--'ī staðinn,' instead. stafaðr _adj._ (_ptc._) striped. staf-karl _sm._ (staff-man), beggar. stafn _sm._ prow. stafn-būi _wm._ prow-man. stafn-lē _wm._ grappling-hook. stafr _sm._ 2 (_gen. sg._ stafs), staff, stick. stakk _see_ *stinga*. stallari _sm._ marshall. standa _sv._ 2, stand. *st. upp*, stand up, rise. starfa _wv._ 3, work. stęfna _wv._ 1, steer; take a course, go. steig _see_ *stīga*. steinn _sm._ stone; jewel. stela _sv._ 4, _w. dat. of thing and acc. of pers._ steal, rob. stęndr _see_ *standa*. stęrkliga _adv._ vigorously. stęrkr _adj._ strong. steypa _wv._ 1, _w. dat. of thing_, throw; pull off. *steypask*, throw oneself. stīga _sv._ 6, advance, walk, go. *st. upp*, mount (horse). stīgr _sm._ path, way. stikill _sm._ point. stilla (stilta) _wv._ 1, arrange. *st. til*, arrange, dispose. stinga _sv._ 3, pierce; 'st. stǫfnum at skipi,' run the prow against a ship's side. stirt _adv._ harshly [_neut. of_ 'stirðr,' stiff]. stōð _see_ *standa*. stœrri _see_ *stōr*. stōkkva _sv._ 3, spring, rebound, start back. stolinn _see_ *stela*. stōrliga _adv._ bigly, arrogantly. stōr-mannligr _adj._ magnificent, aristocratic. stōr-męnni _sn._ great men (collective), aristocracy. stōrr _adj._ big, great. *stōrum* _adv._ greatly. stōr-rāðr _adj._ (great of plans), ambitious. stōr-skip _sn._ big ship, stōr-virki _sn._ great deed. strā _wv._ 1, strew, cover with straw. strauk _see_ *strjūka*. stręngr _sm._ 2, string. strjūka _sv._ 7, stroke. stund _sf._ period of time, time. stutt _adv._ shortly, abruptly [_neut. of_ 'stuttr' short]. stȳra _wv._ 1, _w. dat._ steer. stȳri _sn._ rudder. stȳris-hnakki _wm._ top piece of rudder. styrkr _sm._ strength; help. sū _see_ *sā*. suðr _adv._ southward. suðr-ganga _wf._ journey south (to Rome). sukku _see_ *sökkva*. sumar _sn._ summer. sumr _prn._ some. sund _sn._ sound, channel. svā _adv._ so, as; as soon as. 'ok svā,' also. svaf _see_ *sofa*. svara _wv._ 3, _w. dat. of thing_, answer. svardagi _sm._ oath. sveinn _sm._ boy. sveinn-stauli _wm._ small boy. sveit _sf._ troop. svelga _sv._ 3, swallow, gulp. sverð _sn._ sword. sverðs-hǫgg _sn._ swordstroke. svipan _sf._ jerk; moment. svipting _sf._ pull, struggle. sȳnask _wv._ 1, seem [sjōn]. syni _see_ *sonr*. systir _sf._ 3, sister.

T

taka _wv._ 2, _w. acc._ take, seize, take possession of; _w. inf._ begin; _w. dat._ receive (well, ill, etc.). *takask*, take place, begin. *t. at*, choose. *t. til*, engage in, try. *t. upp*, take to, choose. tala _wf._ talk, speech. tala _wv._ 3, speak, talk about, discuss. taliðr _see_ *tęlja*. tālma _wv._ 3, hinder. tār _sn._ tear. taumar _smpl._ reins. tękinn _see_ *taka*. tęlja _wv._ 1b, count, recount; account, consider; relate, say [tala]. tęngðir _sfpl._ relationship, connection by marriage. tęngja _wv._ 1, bind, fasten together. tęngsl _snpl._ cable. tīða _wv._ 1, _impers. w. acc._ desire. tīðindi _snpl._ tidings, news. tīðr _adj._ usual, happening--'hvat er tītt um þik?' what is the matter with you? *tītt* _adv._ often, quickly--'sem tīðast,' as quickly as possible. tiginn _adj._ of high rank. tigr _sm._--'fjōrir tigir,' forty. til _prp. w. gen._ to; till; for (of use)--'alt er t. vāpna var,' everything that could be used as a missile; for (of object, intention)--'brjōta lęgg til męrgjar,' break a leg to get at the marrow; with respect to--'til vista var eigi gott,' they were not well off for provisions. til _adv._ too (of excess). til-vīsan _sf._ direction, guidance. tītt _see_ *tīðr*. tīvi _wm._ god. tjald _sn._ tent. tjūgu-skęgg _sn._ forked beard. tœka _see_ *taka*. tōk _see_ *taka*. tǫnn _sf._ 3, tooth. trani _wm._ crane. trē _sn._ tree. troða _sv._ tread. trog _sn._ trough. tros _sn._ droppings, rubbish. trūa _wf._ faith--'þat veit tr. mīn at...,' by my faith. trūa _wv._ 2, _w. dat. of pers._ believe, trust, rely on. tūn _sn._ enclosure, dwelling. tveir _num._ two. tȳna _wv._ 1, _w. dat._ lose. typpa _wv._ tie in a top-knot.

Þ

þā _see_ *sā*. þā _see_ *þiggja*. þā _adv._ then. þær _see_ *sā*. þakðr _see_ *þękja*. þakka _wv._ 3, _w. acc. of thing and dat. of pers._ thank; requite, reward. þambar-skęlfir _sm._ bowstring-shaker (?). þann _see_ *sā*. þannig _adv._ thither; so [= þann veg]. þar _adv._ there; then; 'þ. af,' _etc._, thereof. 'þar sem,' since, because. 'þar til,' until. þarf _see_ *þurfa*. þat _see_ *sā*. þau _see_ *sā*. þegar _adv._ at once. 'þ. er,' as soon as. þęginn _see_ *þiggja*. þęgja _wv._ 1b, be silent. þeim _see_ *sā*. þeir, þeirra _see_ *sā*. þękja _wv._ 1b, roof. þękkja _wv._ 1, notice. *þękkjask*, take pleasure in; accept. þēr _see_ *þū*. þess _see_ *sā*. þess _adv. w. comp._ the, so much the. þessi _prn._ this. þiggja _sv._ 5, receive. þik _see_ *þū*. þing _sn._ meeting, parliament. þinn _see_ *þū*. þit _see_ *þū*. þjōð _sf._ nation, race. þō _adv._ though, yet. þǫkð _see_ *þękja*. þǫkk _sf._ thanks, gratitude [þakka]. þola _wv._ 2, endure, put up with. þora _wv._ 2, dare. þǫrf _sf._ need. þorrinn _see_ *þverra*. þōtt _adv._ though [= þō at]. þōtta _see_ *þykkja*. þraut _see_ *þrjōta*. þreifask _wv._ 3, grope, feel. þreyta _wv._ 1, make exertions, try. þriði _adj._ third. þriðjungr _sm._ third. þrīr _num._ three. þrjōta _sv._ 7, _impers. w. acc. of pers._ come to an end, fail. þrūðugr _adj._ mighty. þū _prn._ thou. þumlungr _sm._ thumb of glove. þunn-vangi _wm._ temple (of head). þurðr _sm._ diminution. þurfa _swv. often impers._ require, need. þurr _adj._ dry. þurs _sm._ giant. þverra _sv._ 3, diminish. þvers _adv._ across. þvī _see_ *sā*. þvī _adv._ therefore; _w. compar._ the, so much the more. þvīlikr _adj._ such. þykkja _wv._ 1c, seen, be considered. 'þykkir einum fyrir,' there seems to be something in the way, one hesitates. 'myndi mēr fyrir þ. ī,' I should be displeased. *þykkjask*, think. þykkr _adj._ thick, close. þynna _wv._ 1, make thin. *þynnask* get thin. þyrstr _adj._ (_ptc._) thirsty.

U

ū-fœra _wf._ impassable place; fix, difficulty. ū-friðr _sm._ hostility, war. ū-grynni _sn._ countless number [grunnr, 'bottom']. ū-happ _sn._ misfortune. ū-hreinn _adj._ impure. um _prp. w. acc._ around, about, over; _of time_ in, at; _of superiority_ beyond; concerning, about. um-rāð _sn._ advice, help. um-sjā _sf._ care. una _wv._ 1, _w. dat._ be contented--'u. illa,' be discontented. undan _prp. w. dat._, _adv._ away (from). undarliga _adv._ strangely. undarligr _adj._ strange. undir _prp. w. acc. and dat._ under. undr _sn._ wonder. ungr _adj._ young. unninn _see_ *vinna*. unz _adv._ until. upp _adv._ up. upp-ganga _wf._ boarding (ship). upp-haf _sn._ beginning [hęfja]. upp-himinn _sm._ high heaven. uppi _adv._ up; at an end. urðu _see_ *verða*. ūt _adv._ out. _comp._ *utar*, outer, outwards, farther away. utan _adv._ outside; outwards. utan-fęrð _sf._ journey abroad. utar _see_ *ūt*. ūti _adv._ outside, out on the sea. ūt-lausn _sf._ ransom. ū-vinr _sm._ enemy.

V

vægð _sf._ forbearance. vænn _adj._ likely, to be expected. væri _see_ *vera*. vætr _neut._ nothing. vaka _wv._ 3, be awake, wake up. vakna _wv._ 3, awake. vald _sn._ power, control. val-kyrja _sf._ chooser of the slain, war-goddess [kjōsa]. valr _sm._ corpses on the battle-field. vān, _sf._ hope, expectation, probability. vandræða-skāld _sn._ the 'awkward' poet, the poet who is difficult to deal with. vandræði _snpl._ difficulty. vangi _wm._ cheek. vanr _adj._ accustomed. vāpn _sn._ weapon. vāpna-burð _sm._ bearing weapons, shower of missiles. vāpn-lauss _adj._ without weapons. var _see_ *vera*. vār _sn._ spring. vār _see_ *ek*. vara _wv._ 2, _impers. w. acc. of pers._--'mik varði,' I expected. varð _see_ *verða*. varði _see_ *vęrja*. vargr _sm._ wolf. variðr _see_ *vęrja*. varla _adv._ scarcely. varnaðr _sm._ goods, merchandise. vāru _see_ *vera*. vatn _sn._ water. vaxa _sv._ 2, grow; increase. veðr _sn._ weather. vegr _sm._ road; way, manner; direction, side; _in composition_, region, tract, land. veik _see_ *vikja*. veit _see_ *vita*. veita _wv._ 1, give, grant; make (resistance, etc.). vękja _wv._ 1b, wake [vaka]. vēl _sf._ artifice, cunning. vęlja _wv._ 1b, choose. vęndi _see_ *vǫndr*. vēr _see_ *ek*. vera _sv._ exist; remain, stay, happen; be. 'hvat lātum hafði verit,' what had caused the noise. *v. at*, be occupied with. verð _sn._ worth, value; price. verða _sv._ 3, happen; happen to come. 'v. fyrir einum,' come in one's way, appear before one; become; come into being, be; 'v. til eins,' be ready for, undertake; _w. infin._ be obliged, must. 'nū er ā orðit mikit fyrir mēr,' now I have come into a great perplexity, difficulty. *v. at*, happen. verðr _adj._ worth; important. ver-gjarn _adj._ desirous of a husband, loose. verit _see_ *vera*. vert _see_ *verðr*. vęrja _wv._ 1b, defend--'v. baki,' defend with the back, turn one's back on. vęrja _wv._ 1b, dress; lay out money, invest. verk _sn._ work, job. verr _sm._ man; husband. vęrr _adv. comp._ worse. _superl._ *vęrst*, worst. verǫld _sf._ world. vestan _adv._ from the west. 'v. fyrir' _w. gen. or acc._, west of. vestr _adv._ westwards. vetr _sm._ winter; year. vęx _see_ *vaxa*. vęxti _see_ *vǫxtr*. við _prp. w. acc._ by, near; towards (of place and time); with (of various relations). _w. dat._ towards, at (laugh at, etc.); in exchange for, for. vīða _adv._ widely, far and wide, on many sides. viðar-teinungr _sm._ tree-shoot, plant. við-bragð _sn._ push. viðr _sm._ 3, tree. vīðr _adj._ wide, broad. við-skipti _snpl._ dealings. við-taka _wf._ reception; resistance. vīgja _wv._ 1, consecrate, hallow. vīgr _adj._ warlike, able-bodied. vīking _sf._ piracy, piratical expedition. vīkingr _sm._ pirate. vīkja _sv._ 6, turn, move, go. vilja _swv._ will. villi-eldr _sm._ wildfire, conflagration. vinātta _wf._ friendship. vināttu-māl _snpl._ assurances of friendship. vinna _sv._ 3, do, perform; win, conquer. *vinnask til*, suffice. vinr _sm._ 2, friend. virðing _sf._ honour [verðr]. vīsa _wv._ 2, _w. dat._ show, guide. vīss _adj._ wise; certain. vissa _see_ *vita*. vist _sf._ 2, board and lodging; provisions. vit _see_ *ek*. vita _swv._ know; be turned in a certain direction. *v. fram*, see into futurity. vīti _sn._ punishment, penalty. vītis-horn _sn._ penalty-horn (whose contents were drunk as a punishment). vitkask _wv._ 3, come to one's senses. vitr (-ran) _adj._ wise. vǫllr _sm._ 3, plain, field. vǫndr _sm._ 3, twig, rod. vǫrn _sf._ defence, resistance. vǫxtr _sm._ 3, growth, stature. vreiðr = reiðr.

Y

yðr _see_ *þū*. yfir _prp. w. acc. and dat._ over [ofan]. ȳmiss _adj._ various, different. ymr _sm._ rumbling noise. ytri _adj. comp._ outer. _superl._ *yztr*, outside(st) [ūt].

PROPER NAMES

Āki _sm._ Āsa-þōrr _sm._ (divine) Thor. Āstrīðr _sf._ Auðun _sm._

Baldr (-rs) _sm._ Barði _wm._ 'the Ram' (name of a ship). Bil-skīrnir _sm._ Brīsinga-męn _sn._ Freyja's necklace. Burizleifr _sm._

Dāins-leif _sf._ relic of Dāinn ['leif,' leaving, heritage]. Dana-konungr _sm._ king of the Danes. Danir _smpl._ the Danes. Dan-mǫrk _sf._ 3, Denmark. Draupnir _sm._

Einarr _sm._ Eindriði _wm._ Eirīkr _sm._ Erlingr _sm._

Fęn-salr _sm._ 2. Finnr _sm._ Finskr _adj._ Finnish. Freyja _wf._ Freyr _sm._ Frigg _sf._ wife of Odin. Fulla _wf._ Frigg's handmaid.

Geira _wf._ Gimsar _fpl._ Gjallar-brū _sf._ the bridge over the river Gjǫll. Gjǫll _sf._ 'the Resounder,' the river of Hell. Grœn-land _sn._ Greenland. Gullin-bursti _wm._ 'Golden-bristle.' Gull-toppr _sm._ 'Gold-top.'

Hā-ey _sf._ 'High-island.' Hākon _sm._ Hall-freðr _sm._ Haraldr _sm._ Hēðinn _sm._ Heim-dallr _sm._ Hęl _sf._ the goddess of the infernal regions. Hęr-mōðr _sm._ Hildr _sf._ ['hildr,' war]. Hjaðninga-vīg _sn._ battle of the Hjaðnings. Hjarrandi _wm._ Hlōriði _wm._ the Thunderer, Thor. Hǫgni _wm._ Hring-horni _wm._ 'Ring-prowed.' Hyrningr _sm._ Hyrrokin _sf._ Hǫðr _sm._

Īs-land _sn._ Iceland. Īsland-fęrð _sf._ journey to Iceland. Īslęnzkr _adj._ Icelandic.

Jōms-borg _sf._ Jōms-vīkingar _smpl._ the pirates of Jōmsborg.

Kol-bjǫrn _sm._

Laufey _sf._ Litr _sm._ Loki _wm._

Mōð-guðr _sf._ Mœri _wf._

Nanna _wf._ Nepr _sm._ Njarðar _see_ *Njǫrðr*. Njǫrðr _sm._ Nōa-tūn _snpl._ Noregr _sm._ Norway [= norð-vegr].

Ǫku-þōrr _sm._ Thor (the driver) [aka]. Ōlāfr _sm._ Ōðinn _sm._ Odin. Orkn-eyjar _sfpl._ Orkneys.

Rōma-borg _sf._ Rome. Rūm-fęrli _wm._ pilgrim to Rome [fara]. Rǫskva _wf._

Sax-land _sn._ Saxony, Germany. Sif _sf._ Sigrīðr _sf._ Sig-valdi _wm._ Skjālgr _sm._ Skrȳmir _sm._ Sleipnir _sm._ Slīðrug-tanni _wm._ [tǫnn]. Sœnskr _adj._ Swedish. Sveinn _sm._ Svīa-konungr _sm._ king of Sweden. Svīar _smpl._ Swedes. Svīa-vęldi _sn._ Sweden [vald]. Svī-þjōð _sf._ Sweden. Svǫlðr (-rar) _sf._ island of Svolder, near Rügen.

Tann-gnjōstr _sm._ [tǫnn]. Tann-grisnir _sm._ [tǫnn]. Tryggvi _wm._ 'Trusty.'

Þjālfi _wm._ Þōrir _sm._ Þor-kęll _sm._ Þōrr _sm._ Thor. Þor-steinn _sm._ Þrūð-vangar _smpl._ 'plains of strength.' Þrymyr _sm._ Þǫkk _sf._

Ūlfr _sm._ Ūtgarða-loki _wm._ Ūt-garðr _sm._ *Ūt-garðar* _pl._ 'outer enclosure,' world of the giants.

Vanir _smpl._ race of Gods. Vār _sf._ goddess of betrothal and marriage. Vest-firzkr _adj._ of the west firths (in Iceland). Vīk _sf._ 'the Bay,' the Skagerak and the Christiania fjord. Vinda-snękkja _wf._ Wendish ship. Vind-land _sn._ Wendland. Vindr _smpl._ the Wends. Ving-þōrr _sm._ name of Thor.

THE END.